Teegarden's Star

Coordinates: 02h 53m 00.89133s, +16° 52′ 52.6421″

Teegarden's Star /ˈtiːɡɑːrdənz/ (SO

J025300.5+165258, 2MASS
Teegarden's Star
J02530084+1652532, LSPM J0253+1652) is
an M-type red dwarf[3] in the constellation
Aries, 12.5 light-years (3.8 parsecs) from the
Solar System. Although it is near Earth it is a
dim magnitude 15 and can only be seen
through large telescopes. This star was found to
have a very large proper motion of about 5
arcseconds per year. Only seven stars with such
large proper motions are currently known.[4]

Discovery

Teegarden's Star (top, center) is the 24th-nearest

known star (system) to the Solar System.
Observation data
Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
Constellation Aries
Teegarden's star showing proper Right ascension 02h 53m 00.89179s[1]
motion at two year intervals
Declination +16° 52′ 52.6322″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 15.13[2]
Teegarden's Star was discovered in 2003 using
asteroid-tracking data that had been collected Characteristics
years earlier. This data set is a digital archive Spectral type M7.0 V[3]
created from optical images taken over a five-
Apparent magnitude (B) ~17.21[4]
year period by the Near-Earth Asteroid
Tracking (NEAT) program using two 1 m Apparent magnitude (V) ~15.40[4]
telescopes on Maui, Hawaii. The star is named Apparent magnitude (R) ~14.1[5]
after the discovery team leader, Bonnard J.
Teegarden, an astrophysicist at NASA's Apparent magnitude (I) ~10.4[5]
Goddard Space Flight Center.[13] Apparent magnitude (J) 8.394 ± 0.027[6]
Apparent magnitude (H) 7.883 ± 0.040[6]
Astronomers have long thought it was quite
likely that many undiscovered dwarf stars exist Apparent magnitude (K) 7.585 ± 0.046[6]
within 20 light-years of Earth, because stellar- Astrometry
population surveys show the count of known
nearby dwarf stars to be lower than otherwise Radial velocity (Rv) 68.3[7] km/s
expected and these stars are dim and easily Proper motion (μ) RA: +3,429.083 mas/yr[1]
overlooked. Teegarden's team thought that Dec.: −3,805.541 mas/yr[1]
these dim stars might be found by data mining
some of the huge optical sky survey data sets Parallax (π) 260.9884 ± 0.0934 mas[1]
taken by various programs for other purposes
Distance 12.497 ± 0.004 ly
in previous years. So they reexamined the
(3.832 ± 0.001 pc)
NEAT asteroid tracking data set and found this
star. The star was then precovered on Absolute magnitude (MV) 17.22[8]
photographic plates from the Palomar Sky
Details
Survey taken in 1951. This discovery is
significant as the team did not have direct Mass 0.093 ± 0.003[9] M☉
access to any telescopes and did not include
Radius 0.107 ± 0.004[9] R☉
professional astronomers at the time of the
discovery.[13] Luminosity 0.00073 ± 0.00001[9] L☉
Temperature 2,904 ± 51[9] K
Properties Metallicity [Fe/H] −0.19 ± 0.16[9] dex
Rotation 99.6 ± 1.4 days[10]
Teegarden's Star is classified as a red dwarf as
its approximate calculated mass of just over Rotational velocity <2[11] km/s
0.09 times that of the Sun is narrowly above (v sin i)
the limit of brown dwarfs.[9] The inherently Age >8[11] Gyr
low temperature of such objects explains why it
Other designations
was not discovered earlier,[14] since it has an
apparent magnitude of only 15.1[2] (and an Teegarden's Star, GJ 10393,[12] 2MASS
absolute magnitude of 17.22[8]). Like most red J02530084+1652532, APM EO0425-
and brown dwarfs it emits most of its energy in 0315372, FBS L 14-17, FBS 0250+167,
the infrared spectrum.[15] GAT 1370, LSPM J0253+1652, SO
J025300.5+165258, USNO-A2.0 1050-
The parallax was initially measured as 0.43 ± 00774305, USNO-B1.0 1068-
0.13 arcseconds. This would have placed its
00028941[4]
distance at only 7.50 light-years, making
Teegarden's Star only the third star system in Database references
order of distance from the Sun, ranking SIMBAD data (https://simbad.cds.u
between Barnard's Star and Wolf 359.[13] nistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ide
However, even at that time the anomalously nt=NAME+Teegarden's+st
low luminosity (the absolute magnitude would
ar)
have been 18.5) and high uncertainty in the
parallax suggested that it was in fact somewhat Data sources:
farther away, still one of the Sun's nearest Hipparcos Catalogue,
neighbors but not nearly as high in the ranking CCDM (2002),
in order of distance. A more accurate parallax Bright Star Catalogue (5th rev. ed.)
measurement of 0.2593 arcseconds was made
by George Gatewood in 2009, yielding a
distance of 12.578 light-years,[16] very close to
the value now accepted.[11]

Planetary system
Observations by the ROPS survey in 2010,
published in 2012, showed variation in
Teegarden's star's radial velocity, though there
was insufficient data to make claims of planet
detection at that time.[17]
In June 2019, scientists conducting the
CARMENES survey at the Calar Alto
Observatory announced evidence of two Earth-
mass exoplanets orbiting the star within its
habitable zone;[11][18] Teegarden's Star b orbits
inside the optimistic habitable zone—the
equivalent in the Solar System would be in
between Earth and Venus—whereas
Teegarden's Star c orbits on the outer edge of Teegarden's Star
the conservative habitable zone, similarly to
Mars.[11]

According to one group of researchers, who

were specifically studying this star, both planets
could have maintained a dense atmosphere and
so therefore there would be a high likelihood
that at least one may harbour liquid water.[19] Location of Teegarden's Star in the
However, another group of scientists, looking constellation Aries
at Earth-sized planets in general in the habitable
zones of stars, specifically in a likely tidal locked scenario, give Teegarden's b a 3% chance, and
Teegarden's c only a 2% chance, of having even retained an atmosphere.[20]

The Teegarden's Star planetary system

Companion Semimajor axis Orbital period
Mass Eccentricity Inclination Radius
(in order from star) (AU) (days)

+0.13 +0.0008 +0.16

b ≥1.05 −0.12 M🜨 0.0252 −0.0009 4.91 ± 0.0014 0 — —
−0
+0.16 +0.0014 +0.16
c ≥1.11 −0.15 M🜨 0.0443 −0.0015 11.409 ± 0.009 0 — —
−0

See also
List of brown dwarfs
List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs – Stars and brown dwarfs within 20 light years of the
Solar System
Stars named after people

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External links
Barnes, J. R.; Jenkins, J. S.; Jones, H. R. A.; Rojo, P.; Arriagada, P.; Jordán, A.; Minniti, D.;
Tuomi, M.; Jeffers, S. V.; Pinfield, D. (April 27, 2012), "ROPS: A New Search for Habitable
Earths in the Southern Sky", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 424 (1):
591–604, arXiv:1204.6283 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1204.6283),
Bibcode:2012MNRAS.424..591B (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MNRAS.424..591
B), doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21236.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2012.21
236.x), S2CID 8606148 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8606148)
SolStation.com (http://www.solstation.com/stars/so025300.htm)
David's Astronomy Pages – Nearby Stars (http://www.richweb.f9.co.uk/astro/nearby_stars.ht
m)
Image Teegarden's Star (http://aladin.u-strasbg.fr/AladinPreview?-c=02+53+00.89%2B16+5
2+52.7&ident=NAME+Teegarden%27s+star&submit=Aladin+previewer)

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