ACLC College of Ormoc City, Inc.

Lilia Avenue, Cogon, Ormoc City, Leyte

College Department

Activity Sheet in
Science, Technology, and Society

Activity No. Title Score

1 Intellectual Revolutions that Defined Society _______

2 Cradle of Early Science _______
3 The Philippine Government Science and
Technology Agenda _______
4 Programs and Personalities in Science and
Technology in the Philippines _______
5 Science Education in the Philippines _______

Presented by:

___________________________
Name
________________
Program and Section

Presented to:

RAMON P. CINCO, JR., LPT

Instructor

November 2023
Name: ________________________________________ Program & Sec.:_____________

Activity No. 1
Intellectual Revolutions that Defined Society
Objective:
• Discuss how the ideas proposed by Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud added to inspire the
advancement of the scientific revolution.

Introduction:
Scientist are inspired by their curiosity, critical thinking, and creativity to explore the physical and
natural world. Their love for science is driven by their deep passion to know and to discover. To
comprehend what happened during the scientific revolution, it is advisable to examine the different
scientist whose ideas have shaken and contested the dominant theories and ideas during this period –
the truths of their time.
Scientist are ordinary people doing extraordinary things for humankind. In spite of all the predicament
and challenges they experienced, they never stopped experimenting, theorizing, and discovering new
knowledge and ideas.

Guide Questions:
There are intellectuals who built critical contributions to science during the scientific revolution. Among
them are Nicolaus Copernicus, Charles Darwin, and Sigmund Freud. Answer the following questions and
limit your answer to a maximum of 30 words:

On Copernicus
1. What is the contribution of Copernicus in the philosophy of science?

2. What lessons could be learned from the experiences of Copernicus?

3. How can science influence religion today?

On Freud
1. What are the controversies on Freud’s ideas?
 2. How can you explain Freudian ideas as a scientist?

3. If Freud is still alive today, what do you think are the modifications he would make to revise his
theory?

On Darwin
1. What is Darwin’s contribution to the modern science?

2. How can Darwin’s theory influence the following fields in modern times:
a. Economy

b. Agriculture

c. Political Science

d. Religion
Name: ________________________________________ Program & Sec.:_____________

Activity No. 2
Cradle of Early Science
Objective:
• Analyze what revolutions in science occurred in several parts of the world like in Latin America,
East Asia, Middle East, and Africa.

Introduction:
It is interesting to known that early civilization has developed ideas and tools that helped them in their
everyday life. These civilizations developed the basis for science discipline like biology, chemistry,
physics, and earth science. They also developed the basis for mathematics, medicine, engineering, and
agriculture. This lesson will focus on the civilization that are considered as cradles of early science.

Guide Questions:
1. What are the activities, culture, and contributions of the following civilization?
a. Mayan Civilization

b. Incan Civilization

c. Egyptian Civilization

d. Aztec Civilization

2. How did science shape their everyday life?

3. What lesson could be learned from the experiences of ancient world in advancing science?

4. Create a timeline highlighting the major discoveries and developments in science.

Name: ________________________________________ Program & Sec.:_____________

Activity No. 3
The Philippine Government Science and Technology Agenda
Objective:
• Examine the role of science and technology in nation-building; and
• Analyze the contributions of government policies on science and technology to the social and
economic growth of the country.

Introduction:
This lesson will examine the impact of science and technology in the growth of the Philippine society.
Specifically, it provides a concise historical context of the of the development of science and technology
and identifies policies and projects that wish to contribute to the progress of the Filipino people and in
the economic progress of the nation.
The growth of science and its development as a field in the country is a hybrid of indigenous and foreign
ideas. Spain and the United States, being the former colonial masters of the country, have a vital role in
improving science in the Philippines. They establish schools and introduced science education in basic
education up to tertiary education. They opened the country to global trade, which allowed the country
to have access to science ideas and technologies from other countries.
The brief history of science and technology in the Philippines is shaped by several influences. It was
shaped by human and social activities both internal and external.

Internal Influences

• Survival
• Cultural
• Economy
• Politics
• Human Resources Developments
in Science and
Technology
External Influences

• Foreign Influence
• Trades with Foreign
Countries
• International
Economic Demands

Improving science and technology in the country is a work in the progress. We still have a lot of things to
do. We need to recruit more people to enroll in science and technology programs. Government should
invest more in research activities and science institutions need to be modernized.

Government Policies on Science and Technology

The Philippine government implemented various programs, projects, and policies to boost the area of
science and technology. The goal is to prepare the country to meet the demands of a technologically
driven world and capacitate the Filipinos to live in a world driven by science.
Padilla-Conception (2015) reported that in 2015, the DOST requested the expertise of the National
Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP) to consult various sectors in the society to study how the
Philippine can prepare itself achieve the ASEAN 20155 Goals. Based on the consultation, the NRCP
recommended policies and programs that will increase the competitiveness of the Philippines in the
ASEAN Region. They clustered these policies into four, namely:
 • Cluster 1: Social Science, Humanities, Education, International Policies and Governance
o Local Food Security
o Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic education without adding to the curriculum
o Developing school infrastructure and providing ICT for broadband
o Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue
• Cluster 2: Physics, Engineering and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Science, and
Mathematics
o Stressing degrees, licenses, and employment opportunities
o Evaluation of Republic Act 9184
o Employing science and technology as an independent mover of development
o Outright grants for peer monitoring
• Cluster 3: Medical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
o Allowing food and drug agencies to conduct evidence-based research as a pool of
information
o Guaranteeing compliance of drug manufacturing firm with ASEAN harmonized standards
by full implementation of the Food and Drug Administration
o Enacting a law supporting human genome projects
o Establishing an education council dedicated to standardization of pharmaceutical
services and cares
o Allotting 2% of the GDP to research
• Cluster 4: Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry
o Keeping and protecting biodiversity by full implementation of existing laws
o Fostering indigenous knowledge systems and supporting indigenous peoples
o Creation of common food and safety standards
o Practicing a biosafety and standard model by ASEAN countries

The Philippine Congress has also created various laws related to science and technology. These laws
serve as our legal framework for science and technology in the country. These laws vary according to
different themes such as: conservation, health-related, technology-building, and supporting basic
research among others. Some regulations and policies are aligned with the international treaties with
UN, UNESCO, ASEAN, and other international agencies.

National Goals
SCIENCE AND
International Treaty TECHNOLOGY

• Policies
Legal Frameworks
• Programs
• Projects
Social Needs, Issues,
and Problems

As shown in the diagram, the development of policies in science and technology is shaped or influence
by several variables: aligned policies with national goals, considerable international commitments, bases
of legal frameworks, and response to various social needs, issues, and problems. Science and technology
policies ensure that the whole country and all its people will experience the progress that science can
bring. Policies are guides to direct all efforts to a goal of developing a scientifically advanced country.

Guide Questions:
1. Make a timeline showing the improvement of science and technology in the Philippines from
different periods.
2. Identify science and technology projects and policies in your locality.
3. Make an assessment of the implementation of science and technology policies and projects in
your locality.
Name: ________________________________________ Program & Sec.:_____________

Activity No. 4
Programs and Personalities in Science and Technology in the Philippines

Objective:
• Identify government science and technology programs;
• Identify Filipino scientist in different fields; and
• Discuss the contributions of these Filipino scientist in nation-building.

Introduction

Recognizing that science and technology are among the pillars of economic development, the Philippine
government is implementing several programs to further support the expansion of science and
technology in the country. At the beginning of the 21st century and the rise of the Fourth Industrial
Revolution, we see the need to develop more engineers, doctors, scientist, and other professionals to
serve the needs of the people. We also recognized the need for new technologies to help build the
economy and other fields.

LESSON

Government Programs to Support the Development of Science and Technology

There are many current programs supported by the Philippine government through the DOST. Some of
these projects are the following:
• Offering funds for basic research and patents on science and technology. The government
provides funding for basic and applied researches. Financing of these research and projects are
also from the overseas development aid (ODA) from different countries.
• Scholarship from undergraduate and graduate studies in the field of science and technology.
Saloma (2015) pointed out that, the country needs to produce more doctoral graduates in
science and technology, and producing more researches in these fields, including engineering
fields.
• Expanding the Philippine Science High School system in other regions to educate young Filipinos
in the field of science and technology
• Establishing science and technology parks to inspire academe and industry partnerships
• Balik scientist program to encourage Filipino scientist abroad to work in the Philippines or
conduct researches and projects in collaboration with Philippine-based scientists.
• Creating science and technology parks in academic campuses to encourage academe and
industry partnerships
• The establishment of the National Science Complex and National Engineering Complex within
the University of the Philippines campus in Diliman. These aimed to develop more science and
technology and engineering human resources needed by the country. They also aimed to
produce more researches in these fields.

The Philippine-American Academy of Science and Engineering (PAASE 2008) identified several capacity-
building programs such as:
• National centers of excellence in science, technology, and engineering;
• Human resource and institutional development programs, such as the Engineering and Science
Education Program (ESEP) to increase the number of doctoral degree holders in science and
engineering;
• Establishment of regional centers of research and development to support specific industries
that will lead the country in different research and development areas;
• Establishment of science and technology business centers to help, guide, and incubate
technopreneurship ventures; and
 • Intensify science education at an early stage through the Philippine Science High School system.

In the field of education, several science-related programs and projects were done to develop the
scientific literacy of the country. More special science classes and special science elementary schools
were stablished in different regions. Aside from these, Science and Mathematics in basic education are
constantly improved. The K to 12 Education Program includes Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematic (STEM) to be one of its major tracks in SHS program to encourage more students to enroll
in science-related field in college.

Lately, the Commission on Higher Education launched Philippine-California Advanced Research Institute
(PCARI) Project to allow several higher education institutions in the Philippines and some US-based
laboratories, research institute, and universities to work on researches and project related to science,
agriculture, engineering, health, and technology. This project is hoped to strengthen STEM
competitiveness in the country.

There are many other areas and fields that the country is looking forward to embark various researches
and projects. The following are some of them:
1. Use of alternative and safe energy
2. Harnessing the mineral resources
3. Finding cure for various diseases and illnesses
4. Climate change and global warming
5. Increase food production
6. Preservation of natural resources
7. Coping with natural disasters and calamities
8. Infrastructure development

Prominent Filipinos in the Field of Science

School science is filled with foreign scientist, we rarely hear Filipino scientist being discussed in science
classes. There re various Filipino scientist who excel in their field and became famous abroad especially
in different science disciplines: Agriculture, Forestry, Mathematics, Physics, Medicine, Marine Science,
Chemistry, Engineering, and Biology.

Note: Kindly answer the Activity for you to know more the Filipino scientist.

The Philippines still need more scientists and engineers, and there is a need to support scientific
researches in the country. The government must find ways to establish more research laboratories and
research institutes. There is also a need to find way on how their researches are disseminated to the
public.

Many of these Filipino scientists are product of good school science. It means they were taught and
inspired by great teachers. Their interest in science started to manifest during their childhood years.
Their natural environment ignited their curiosity to learn more about the natural and physical
environment. The schools and laboratories where they studied and worked nurtured this.

Individual Interests in Science

School Science
Science
(Teacher & Laboratories
Family
Learning (Real-Life Context)
Environment)
Natural Environment

Filipino Scientist
Activity

A. Identify five government programs in science and technology.

B. Write briefly the contribution/s of the following Filipino scientists.

Scientist Contribution/s
2Ramon Cabanos Barba

Lourdes Jansuy Cruz

Josefino Cacas Comiso

Fabian Millar Dayrit

Jose Bejar Cruz, Jr.

Mari-Jo Panganiban Ruiz

Rafael Dineros Guerrero III

Lilian Formalejo Patena

Gregory Ligot Tangonan

Enrique Mapua Ostera, Jr.

Caesar A. Saloma

Edgardo Gomez

William Padolina

Angel Alcala

Emil Q. Javier

C. Propose one science and technology program that could be implemented in your town or
region.
Name: ________________________________________ Program & Sec.:_____________

Activity No. 5
Science Education in the Philippines

Objective:
• Identify government science and technology programs to support science education in the
country; and
• Review the contributions of science education in nation-building.

Introduction

Science education focuses on the teaching science and learning science. There is big difference between
these two concepts. Teaching science involves creating ways on how to successfully teach science by
exploring pedagogical theories and models to help the teacher teach scientific concepts and processes
effectively. Learning science, on the other hand, includes helping students appreciate learning science
and involving in science activities. Learning science entails using science process skills and developing
high level of science literacy. Science education prepares citizens for a scientifically and technologically
driven world.

Lesson

Science Education in the Philippines

The Philippines is doing its best to improve science education in the country. On the strategies pursued
by the government to stablish academic programs, scholarships, and science schools that will support
students to pursues career in science and technology and to nurture their gifted potentials in science.

1. Science in the University of the Philippines System

UP as the national university remains to be the top university in the country in terms of the
number of science degree programs from undergraduate to graduate level. It remains to be the
university in the country to create research and produce graduates in various fields of science
like physics, chemistry, biology, marine science, geological science, agricultural science,
engineering, mathematics, medical and allied health programs, and other field. UP also has the
largest concentration of scientists and doctoral degree holders in the field of science. Its
laboratories are considered world-class and resources of scientific knowledge in the country.

The agricultural scientists at UP Los Baños are also helpful in advancing agricultural research and
development of the Philippines and of many countries in Asia. UP Visayas is also known for its
research in marine science. The National Science Complex in UP Diliman serves as the core of
science and technology activities in the country today.

2. DOST-funded Scholarship
The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) provides scholarship to deserving Filipino
students to take science, technology, engineering, agriculture, forestry, computer science, and
other science and technology courses in various CHED identified centers of excellence and in
autonomous universities across the country. The goal of this program in to increase the human
talents for science and technology in the country.

3. Science Education in Basic Education

Basic education remains to be an important preparation to recruit students to study science.
Thus, the government is implementing basic education programs that promote science education
in the country. One outstanding program for science education supported by the government is
the Philippine Science High School system with branches in various parts of the country. There
are also several government programs implemented by the Department of Education and few
private schools for science education.

a. Philippine Science High School System

This is a government program for scientifically and mathematically gifted Filipino
students. It is a service institute under the DOST with a mandate to provide secondary
education program advanced science and mathematics subjects to prepare students for
science career (RA 3661). The school provides dormitory facilities for all students.
Since its inception, the PSHSS remains to pursue its vision to develop Filipino science
scholars with scientific mind and a passion for excellence. PSHS students have brought
honor to the Philippines through their exemplary achievements in various international
competitions and research. These students are expected to pursue degrees in Science
and technology in different colleges and universities, local and abroad.

b. Regional Science High Schools

The Department of Education maintained several regional science schools in various
regions and provinces in the Philippines. These regional science high schools offer a
curriculum focusing on science and mathematics. A system of selective admission is
implemented to these schools to ensure that only the scientifically and mathematically
gifted students or those who are showing interest and potential in science and
mathematics are admitted.

c. Special Science Education Project

Special Science Elementary Schools (SSES) Project is in fulfillment to DepEd Order No. 73
s. 2008, and DepEd Order No. 51 s. 2010. This project started in June 2007 with 57
identified elementary schools that were identified as science elementary school. Since
the inception, the number of science elementary schools has grown in different regions
across the country.
The SSES Project aims to develop Filipino children equipped with scientific and
technological knowledge, skills, and values. The mission of the SSES is to:
• Offer a learning environment to children who are gifted in science through a
special curriculum that recognizes the multiple intelligences of the learners;
• Support the development of lifelong learning skills; and
• Foster holistic development among the learners

d. Quezon City Regional Science High School

This school was stablished on September 17, 1967. Originally it was named Quezon City
Science High School. It was turned into a regional science high school for the National
Capital Region in 1999. The school was a product of a dream to stablish a special science
school for the talented students in science and mathematics. The focus of the curriculum
is on science and technology. The school still teaches the basic education courses
prescribed by DepEd for secondary. However, there are additional subjects in science and
technology that students should take. The school envisioned being a venue to provide
maximum opportunities for science-gifted students to develop spirit of inquiry and
creativity. The school is well supported by the local government unit by the Parents and
Teachers Association (PTA). The school is under the Department of Education.

e. Manila Science High School

The school was stablished in October 1, 1963 as the Manila Science High School (MSHS).
It is the first science high school in the Philippines. The organization and curriculum of the
school puts more emphasis on science and mathematics. MSHS aims to produce scientist
with souls. In order to do this, humanities course and other electives are included in the
curriculum. Students are also encouraged to participate in various extracurricular
activities. The school administers an entrance exam, which has five parts: aptitude test in
 Science, aptitude test in Mathematics, Problem-solving test in Mathematics, and
proficiency in English. The school prides itself from producing outstanding alumni and for
winning various national competitions.

Activity: (Limit your answer to 50 words)

A. Considering the challenges of 21st century life and the demands of the Fourth Industrial
Revolution, how can the country further strengthen and improve the state of its science
education?
B. If you are going to design a curriculum of the Philippine Education that focuses in science, in what
level you wanted it to start and why?
C. How important is science education in the development of the country?