Lectii Engleza
Lectii Engleza
Lectii Engleza
Descrie o tendinta sau actiune care a debutat Verbe care exprima procese: Ex.: I detest rudabaga, si nu I am detesting
recent: change, deteriorate, growmature, slow down, rudabaga.
Ex.: More and more people are starting to play widen I prefer cinnamon toast, si nu I am preferring
golf in Malaysia. cinnamon toast.
Ex.: The corn is growing rapidly. Traffic is
Pentru a desemna o actiune care este planificata slowing down. Verbe de relatie si posesie:
pentru viitor: Sensul este identic cu cel al formelor simple: be, belong to, concern, consist of, contain, cost,
Ex.: To meet the demand for English language Ex.: The corn grows rapidly. Traffic slows down. depend on, deserve, equal, fit, have, include,
courses, they are planning to expand. involve, lack, matter, need, owe, own, possess,
Mohan is leaving for London next week. Verbe de perceptii senzoriale: require, resemble, seem, sound
ache, feel, hurt, itch
2.3. Verbele dinamice si statice Ex.: I am sick, si nu I am being sick.
In general, numai anumite verbe pot fi folosite la Ex.: "I feel bad" si "I am feeling bad" au acelasi I own ten acres of land, si nu I am owning ten
aspectul continuu si acestea se numesc verbe sens in acest caz. acres.
dinamice. My brother owes me ten dollars si nu My
Aspectul continuu al unui verb arata ca o actiune Verbe care exprima actiuni tranzitive: brother is owing me ten dollars.
este, era sau va fi in desfasurare. Formele verbale arrive, die, fall, land, leave, lose
progresive (aspectul continuu) se folosesc numai
in cazul verbelor dinamice, de miscare, care Formele continue indica inceputul actiunii pe
exprima calitati capabile de schimbare. cand formele temporale simple, din contra.
Nu se spune "He is being tall" sau "He is Ex.: She was falling out of bed (when I caught
resembling his mother" sau "I am wanting Imaginati-va diferenta
her). de inteles dintre
spaghetti for dinner", She falls out of bed every night.
ci vom spune: "He is tall", "He resembles his verbele statice si cele
mother", "I want spaghetti". dinamice prin prisma
Verbe exprimand actiuni momentane: intentiei, cele statice exprimand calitati
Tabelul urmator descrie in detaliu diferentele
hit, jump, kick, knock, nod, tap neintentionate, pe cand cele dinamice
dintre verbele statice si cele dinamice:
Formele continue indica durata scurta si calitati intentionate:
sugereaza repetitia.
VERBE DINAMICE Ex.: She is hitting her brother.
Verbe care exprima o activitate: Two plus two equals four.
He is jumping around the house.
abandon, ask, beg, call, drink, eat, help, learn,
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walking walking is in forma contrasa didn't.
walking Ex.: I did not jump over.
Jane is leaving for Bucharest. She didn't finish the work.
we are you are they are
Equals este un verb static si nu poate lua plural
walking walking walking Forma interogativa se formeaza prin inversiunea
o forma continua; nu exista optiune sau dintre auxiliarul did si subiect:
intentie in acest caz. Doi plus doi a fost si I am you are he/she/it
singular sleeping sleeping is Ex.: Did you want it?
va fi intotdeauna egal cu patru. Did it rain there?
sleeping
Is leaving exprima optiunea si intentia we are you are they are
plural 3.2. Functii
subiectului de a efectua actiunea sleeping sleeping sleeping
respectiva.
I am you are he/she/it Trecutul simplu se foloseste pentru a exprima
singular
being being is being fapte si realitati din trecut:
we are you are they are Ex.: In the past people believed that the earth was
plural flat.
being being being
Verbul to have nu se
foloseste niciodata in Descrie un eveniment sau actiune incheiata
aspectul continuu petrecuta in trecut:
Exemple: Ex.: John Loud invented the ballpoint pen in
atunci cand are sensul The summer is passing too quickly.
de "a suferi de": 1888.
Raoul is acting like his father.
I have flu. He has a fever. Some football players are not being good role Pentru a descrie starea, conditia sau obiceiuri din
models for youngsters. trecut:
Se foloseste la aspectul continuu atunci Is he being good to you?
cand are intelesul de "a angaja pe cineva Ex.: I went to school by bus when I was a child.
pentru o actiune": Lecţia 8: Timpurile trecutului si viitorului
I'm having my hair done on Wednesday. 3.3. Conjugare
They're having the house painted.
3. Trecutul simplu
I walked you he/she/it
Have se foloseste la aspectul continuu singular
3.1. Forma walked walked
atunci cand are sensul de "experienta":
I'm having a lot of problems with this we you they
Verbele regulate formeaza trecutul simplu prin plural
task. walked walked walked
adaugarea la forma de baza a verbului +-ed.
They're having trouble selling their I slept you slept he/she/it
Ex.: scream > screamed, work > worked singular
house. slept
Verbele neregulate au forme proprii de trecut. we slept you slept they
plural
Ex.: sleep > slept, drink > drank slept
2.4. Conjugare
I was you were he/she/it
Forma negativa se compune cu ajutorul singular
was
singular I am you are he/she/it auxiliarului to do, conjugat la trecut (did) + not in
fata verbului principal. Did + not se folosesc des plural we were you were they
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were Trecutul continuu este folosit pentru a exprima sleeping
actiuni in desfasurare intr-un moment din trecut.
Deoarece indica o limita a duratei actiunii este I was you were he/she/it
foarte folosit pentru a indica actiuni care au avut singular being being was
Exemple: When I was a girl, I walked five miles loc (trecut simplu) in timp ce o alta actiune era in being
to school every day. desfasurare, sau pentru a indica o actiune in we were you were they
Carmelita slept through the entire class. desfasurare care este intrerupta de o alta. plural being being were
We worked really hard to make this a success, Ex.: Carlos lost his watch while he was running. being
but then Chuck ruined it with his carelessness. I was watching Oprah when John came in
Every time I finished a sandcastle, the waves screaming.
came in and washed it away.
Tarzan dove into the swamp and swam toward Exprima activitati din trecut: Exemple: Dad was working in his garden all
the alligator. Ex.: Once I was driving through Kenya with a morning.
friend. During the mid-50s, real estate speculators were
4. Trecutul continuu buying all the swampland in Central Florida, and
innocent people were investing all their money in
Pentru a vorbi despre obiceiuri din trecut.
4.1. Forma bogus development projects.
Trecutul continuu este insotit in acest caz de
Was he being good to you?
always.
Trecutul continuu se formeaza cu ajutorul formei Ex.: Grace was always handing in late papers.
de trecut simplu a auxiliarului to be, was/were + My father was always lecturing my brother. 5. Viitorul
forma participiului prezent (-ing) a verbului
principal. In general, numai anumite verbe pot fi folosite la In mod paradoxal, limba engleza nu are o forma
Ex.: I was singing. aspectul continuu si acestea se numesc verbe ca atare a viitorului, dar idee de viitor se poate
You were talking. dinamice. (vezi: 2.3. Verbe dinamice si verbe exprima in nenumarate moduri.
statice.)
Negativul: Will/ shall + infinitiv : He will be here at
Ex.: You were not / weren't singing. 5 o'clock.
4.3. Conjugare Be going to + infinitiv : She's going to
She was not / wasn't reading.
buy a new computer.
Interogativul: I was you were he/she/it Prezentul continuu : The British Council
Ex.: Was I speaking clearly? singular walking walking was is moving to a new building next year.
Were they playing the flute? walking Prezentul simplu : The train leaves at
7:15.
we were you were they
4.2. Functii plural walking walking were
walking 5.1. Forma
Trecutul continuu ca si prezentul continuu sunt
I was you were he/she/it Cea mai frecvent folosita modalitate de a exprima
forme verbale apartinand registrului oral, limbii
singular sleeping sleeping was o actiune viitoare este cu ajutorul lui will/ shall
vorbite cu precadere si sunt rar folosite in
sleeping sau a formei contractate a acestora 'll.
registrul scris.
plural we were you were they Ex.: She will leave soon.
sleeping sleeping were We shall overcome.
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5.3. Conjugare Next fall, we will be enjoying all the vegetables
we planted last spring.
In engleza moderna Will we be spending too much money if we buy
forma shall este foarte I will you will he/she/it that big-screen TV?
putin utilizata. singular
walk walk will walk
we will you will they will Lecţia 9: Timpurile cu aspect perfect
Cea mai des folosita in Engleza vorbita si plural
walk walk walk
scrisa in registrul informal este forma 'll.
I will you will he/she/it 7. Prezentul perfect
singular sleep sleep will
Negativul: sleep 7.1. Forma
Ex.: I will not / won't finish.
we will you will they will Prezentul auxiliarului have (have/ has) +
plural
Interogativul: sleep sleep sleep participiul trecut al verbului (regulat sau
Ex.: Will you catch the ball? I will be you will he/she/it neregulat).
singular Ex.: You have worked hard.
be will be
5.2. Functii She has taken her medicine.
we will you will they will
plural
be be be
Viitorul exprima preziceri ale actiunilo viitoare Negativul:
sau interogatii despre viitor. Ex.: I haven't been to Spain.
Ex.: Computer technology will influence our I've (have) not seen this movie.
future. Exemple: We will be victorious!
We shall overcome. Interogativul:
Decizii care tocmai s-au luat si care nu au fost We are going to win this race. Ex.: Have I met you before?
planuite. The bus arrives at three this afternoon. Have they built the house?
Ex.: I'll finish this report tomorrow. The boss is announcing his retirement at today's
meeting. 7.2. Functii
Face promisiuni
Ex.: I'll phone you tomorrow. 6. Viitorul continuu Prezentul perfect este una dintre particularitatile
limbii engleze, acest timp neavand corespondent
Invita pe cineva la un eveniment, actiune Will + be + participiul prezent (-ing) al in limba romana.
Ex.: Will you come to my house on Sunday? verbului