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    6-Spinal Cord

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    The document summarizes key aspects of spinal cord anatomy in 3 paragraphs or less: [1] There are 33 total vertebrae that house and protect the spinal cord, which ends around L1-L2 level despite the vertebral column extending further. The spinal nerves emerge from intervertebral foramina. [2] The spinal cord has gray matter inside and white matter outside, opposite of the brain. It is covered by three meninges - dura, arachnoid, and pia mater. Spinal nerves have dorsal roots for sensation and ventral roots for movement. [3] The spinal cord supplies the body with 31 pairs of spinal nerves. These nerves innervate skin and

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    6-Spinal Cord

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    The document summarizes key aspects of spinal cord anatomy in 3 paragraphs or less: [1] There are 33 total vertebrae that house and protect the spinal cord, which ends around L1-L2 level despite the vertebral column extending further. The spinal nerves emerge from intervertebral foramina. [2] The spinal cord has gray matter inside and white matter outside, opposite of the brain. It is covered by three meninges - dura, arachnoid, and pia mater. Spinal nerves have dorsal roots for sensation and ventral roots for movement. [3] The spinal cord supplies the body with 31 pairs of spinal nerves. These nerves innervate skin and

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    The document summarizes key aspects of spinal cord anatomy in 3 paragraphs or less: [1] There are 33 total vertebrae that house and protect the spinal cord, which ends around L1-L2 level despite the vertebral column extending further. The spinal nerves emerge from intervertebral foramina. [2] The spinal cord has gray matter inside and white matter outside, opposite of the brain. It is covered by three meninges - dura, arachnoid, and pia mater. Spinal nerves have dorsal roots for sensation and ventral roots for movement. [3] The spinal cord supplies the body with 31 pairs of spinal nerves. These nerves innervate skin and

    Copyright:

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    148 views4 pages

    6-Spinal Cord

    Uploaded by

    api-3757921
    The document summarizes key aspects of spinal cord anatomy in 3 paragraphs or less: [1] There are 33 total vertebrae that house and protect the spinal cord, which ends around L1-L2 level despite the vertebral column extending further. The spinal nerves emerge from intervertebral foramina. [2] The spinal cord has gray matter inside and white matter outside, opposite of the brain. It is covered by three meninges - dura, arachnoid, and pia mater. Spinal nerves have dorsal roots for sensation and ventral roots for movement. [3] The spinal cord supplies the body with 31 pairs of spinal nerves. These nerves innervate skin and

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    of 4

    ~ ~ ~ SPINAL CORD ~ ~ ~ Ann Nguyen -- NYUCD 2008

    Dr. Singh D1 Anatomy Notes -- Spring '05

    there should be no intervertebral disc b/t atlas & axis

    7C + 12T + 5L + 5S + 4Cx = 33 total vertebrae


    8 C + 12T + 5L + 5S + 1Cx = 31 pairs of spinal nerves
    accumulation of all the individual intervertebral foramina  vertebra canal = houses the spinal cord
    note that the vertebral column is not straight, but has various curvatures

    Primary Curves
    - present at birth
    • Thoracic = concave anteriorly
    • Sacral = concave anteriorly

    Secondary Curves
    - develops later in life
    • Cervical = concave posteriorly = develops when the baby starts holding his head up
    • Lumbar = concave posteriorly = develops when the baby starts walking

    Curve Deviations
    • Kyphosis = exaggeration of thoracic curve (hunchback)
    • Lordosis = exaggeration of lumbar curve (may be due to obesity, pregnancy)
    • Scoliosis = deviation from the midline

    Vertebral Ligaments
    • Anterior Longitudinal Ligament = runs the entire length of the spine anteriorly
    • Posterior Longitudinal Ligament = runs the entire length of the spine posteriorly
    • Intertransverse Ligament (R&L) = connects adjacent transverse processes along the entire length of the spine
    • Interlaminar Ligament / aka: “Ligamentum Flavum” = connect adjacent laminae along the entire length of the spine
    • Interspinous Ligament = connect adjacent spinous processes along the entire length of the spine
    • Supraspinous Ligament / aka: ”Ligamentum Nuchae” = especially strong in the neck region

    Compiled for you by:


    Ann Nguyen -- NYUCD 2008
    • Cauda Equina = the appearance of the descending and emerging L, S, Cx nerves resembles a horse’s tail D1 Anatomy Notes -- Spring '05

    CNS (brain + spinal cord) = finishes development before skeletal components finish growing…
    Therefore, the adult spinal cord does not extend the entire length of the vertebral column
    The spinal cord ends b/t L1 – L2, but since the spinal nerve #4 must emerge b/t L4 – L5 …
    All lumbar nerves must descend to a certain level before they can emerge

    Cauda Equina

    Meningeal Coverings
    • Dura Mater (tough mother)
    • Arachnoid Mater (very thin, flimsy, weblike)
    • Pia Mater (clingy mother) = can’t be peeled from spinal cord
    • Denticulate Ligament (21-22 pairs) = the triangular-shaped Pia Mater
    where it gets pulled out & attaches to Dura Mater
    landmark of separation b/t dorsal & ventral roots
    • Epidural Space = b/t the outer dura mater and bone (vertebral canal) – contains protective fat
    • Subdural Space = b/t dura & arachnoid (this is only a potential space that opens only when there is subdural hemorrhage)
    • Subarachnoid Space = b/t arachnoid & pia
    contains cerebral spinal fluid
    spinal tap = below L2 (best b/t L3 – L4)

    His Drawing
    • Conus Medullaris = where the spinal cord ends b/t L1 & L2
    • Filum Terminale Internum = where the Pia Mater collects at conus medullaris, then continues elongating down as a string
    - Arachnoid finishes its continuation downward and connects to S2 vertebra
    - Dura Mater also runs downward, connects to S2 vertebra,
    then makes a turn (sleeve) towards the middle,
    then meets in the middle w/ the Pia Mater at the coccyx level
    • Filum Terminale Externum = where the Dura Mater ends Compiled for you by:
    • Sacrococcygeal Ligament = filum terminale’s internum (PIA) + externum (DURA) running from sacral to coccyx
    Ann Nguyen -- NYUCD 2008
    D1 Anatomy Notes -- Spring '05

    • Grey matter = inside this is opposite • Dorsal Root / Spinal Ganglion = collection of sensory afferent cell bodies in the intervertebral foramina
    • White matter = outside in the brain • Dorsal Root = sensory afferent fibers going towards CNS
    • Dorsal Horn = sensory afferent fibers • Ventral Root = motor efferent fibers going away from CNS
    • Ventral Horn = motor efferent cell bodies • Spinal Nerve (mixed) = the union of both Dorsal + Ventral Root fibers… splits into DPR + VPR…
    • Dorsal Median Sulcus • Dorsal Primary Ramus
    • Ventral Median Fissure - motor = muscular branches = supplies Erector Spinae deep muscles of the back
    - sensory = posterior cutaneous branch (medial + lateral) = supplies skin of the central back
    • Ventral Primary Ramus
    - motor = muscular branches = supplies the neck, trunk, limb muscles
    - sensory = lateral cutaneous branch (anterior + posterior)
    - sensory = anterior cutaneous branch (medial + lateral)
    • Dermatome = a particular region of skin that every spinal nerve will specifically innervate Ann Nguyen -- NYUCD 2008
    D1 Anatomy Notes -- Spring '05
    • Herniated Disc = when the intervertebral disc bulges under chronic stress, causing compression of spinal nerves  parasthesia, tingling, pain, paralysis

    Descending Aorta  Intercostal Arteries large venous plexus anterior and posterior to the spinal cord
    VPR of thoracic spinal nerves  Intercostal Nerves

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