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    Revision Notes For A Math GCE O Level 4049 For Website Edited 1 Sep 22 1

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    Kevin Wai
    The document provides revision notes on topics related to additional math for the GCE O-Level exam, including: 1) Solving simultaneous linear and non-linear equations in two unknowns using substitution. 2) Definitions and operations involving surds, including rationalizing denominators. 3) Laws of indices for rational exponents. 4) Definitions of logarithms to different bases and the relationship between index and logarithmic forms of expressions. 5) Laws of logarithms, including the property that the logarithm of a product is equal to the sum of the logarithms of the factors.

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    Revision Notes For A Math GCE O Level 4049 For Website Edited 1 Sep 22 1

    Uploaded by

    Kevin Wai
    12 views46 pages
    The document provides revision notes on topics related to additional math for the GCE O-Level exam, including: 1) Solving simultaneous linear and non-linear equations in two unknowns using substitution. 2) Definitions and operations involving surds, including rationalizing denominators. 3) Laws of indices for rational exponents. 4) Definitions of logarithms to different bases and the relationship between index and logarithmic forms of expressions. 5) Laws of logarithms, including the property that the logarithm of a product is equal to the sum of the logarithms of the factors.

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    Revision Notes for a Math GCE O Level 4049 for Website Edited 1 Sep 22 1

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    The document provides revision notes on topics related to additional math for the GCE O-Level exam, including: 1) Solving simultaneous linear and non-linear equations in two unknowns using substitution. 2) Definitions and operations involving surds, including rationalizing denominators. 3) Laws of indices for rational exponents. 4) Definitions of logarithms to different bases and the relationship between index and logarithmic forms of expressions. 5) Laws of logarithms, including the property that the logarithm of a product is equal to the sum of the logarithms of the factors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views46 pages

    Revision Notes For A Math GCE O Level 4049 For Website Edited 1 Sep 22 1

    Uploaded by

    Kevin Wai
    The document provides revision notes on topics related to additional math for the GCE O-Level exam, including: 1) Solving simultaneous linear and non-linear equations in two unknowns using substitution. 2) Definitions and operations involving surds, including rationalizing denominators. 3) Laws of indices for rational exponents. 4) Definitions of logarithms to different bases and the relationship between index and logarithmic forms of expressions. 5) Laws of logarithms, including the property that the logarithm of a product is equal to the sum of the logarithms of the factors.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 46

    Tuition

    Revision Notes for Additional Math GCE O-Level (4049)

    TOPIC-I

    Simultaneous Equations
    Revision Notes:

    1. Simultaneous Linear and Non-Linear Equations in Two Unknowns


    Use the substitution method. Express one unlmown of the linear equation in terms of the other.
    Then we substitute this unlmown in the non-linear equation to obtain a quadratic equation in one
    unlmown which can be solved in the usual way.

    TOPIC-2
    Surds, Indices and Logarithms
    Revision Notes:

    1. Definition of surds
    When the root of a number or expression cannot be exactly determined, the root is called a SURD,
    e.g., ..fi. or ✓3 etc. A surd is also called an IRRATIONAL expression.
    2. Operations on Surds

    (a) a✓x+b✓x =(a+b)✓x e.g., 2✓3 + 4✓3 = (2 + 4)✓3 = 6✓3

    (b) a✓x +b ✓x =(a-b)✓x e.g., 2✓3 -4 ✓3 =(2-4)'13 =-2Ji

    (c) ✓x x-5= ✓xxy e.g., ✓3 - ✓5 =J3;s = ✓15


    ✓x = � e.g., �=JI; = .Js
    'Jy
    (d)
    -5
    3. Rationalizing the Denominator
    It is usual not to write surds in the denominator of a fraction when this can be avoided. The
    process of clearing irrational numbers is called rationalization.

    Page 1 of 46
    Tuition
    Revision Notes for Additional Math GCE O-Level (4049)

    Note:

    ✓x +Ji and ✓x -J'y are called conjugate surds. Their product, (✓x +J'i)(✓x -J'i) =x -y,
    is a rational number.
    4. I.aw of Indices
    If a and b are positive and m and n, any rational indices, then
    (a) am X a•= am+n

    (b) am +a•=a-•
    (c) (a"')"= a"'n
    = (al::,Jm

    (:r
    (d) am x bm

    (e) am +bm =

    (f) a0 = 1, a* 0

    --n
    (g) a-•-
    a

    (h) a;=(;,

    (i) a� =fW =(rar

    Note:
    When a> 0, ax > 0 for all real values ofx.
    5. Logarithms
    If ax = b, a> 0 (Index form)
    Then loga b = x (Logarithmic form)
    The logarithm to the base 10 is lmown as common logarithm.
    The logarithm to the base e (= 2:718) is lmown as the natural logarithm.
    Note: log10 x is also written as lg x.
    log0 x is also written as Inx.

    6. Laws of Logarithms

    (a) log, .xy = log,,x + log7

    Page 2 of 46
    www.tuitionwithjason.sg

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