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    CSE231 - Lecture 1

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    Rayhan Amin 2212830042
    This document summarizes the key topics covered in Lecture 1 of the CSE231 - Digital Logic Design course. The lecture introduces fundamental concepts of digital logic, including differences between analog and digital quantities, binary representation of digits, logic levels and pulse waveforms. It also describes basic logic functions such as NOT, AND and OR, as well as combinational and sequential logic. The lecture discusses data transfer methods, common logic devices, programmable logic and integrated circuits. Measurement instruments like digital oscilloscopes are also introduced.

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    CSE231 - Lecture 1

    Uploaded by

    Rayhan Amin 2212830042
    38 views31 pages
    This document summarizes the key topics covered in Lecture 1 of the CSE231 - Digital Logic Design course. The lecture introduces fundamental concepts of digital logic, including differences between analog and digital quantities, binary representation of digits, logic levels and pulse waveforms. It also describes basic logic functions such as NOT, AND and OR, as well as combinational and sequential logic. The lecture discusses data transfer methods, common logic devices, programmable logic and integrated circuits. Measurement instruments like digital oscilloscopes are also introduced.

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    CSE231_Lecture 1

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    This document summarizes the key topics covered in Lecture 1 of the CSE231 - Digital Logic Design course. The lecture introduces fundamental concepts of digital logic, including differences between analog and digital quantities, binary representation of digits, logic levels and pulse waveforms. It also describes basic logic functions such as NOT, AND and OR, as well as combinational and sequential logic. The lecture discusses data transfer methods, common logic devices, programmable logic and integrated circuits. Measurement instruments like digital oscilloscopes are also introduced.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    38 views31 pages

    CSE231 - Lecture 1

    Uploaded by

    Rayhan Amin 2212830042
    This document summarizes the key topics covered in Lecture 1 of the CSE231 - Digital Logic Design course. The lecture introduces fundamental concepts of digital logic, including differences between analog and digital quantities, binary representation of digits, logic levels and pulse waveforms. It also describes basic logic functions such as NOT, AND and OR, as well as combinational and sequential logic. The lecture discusses data transfer methods, common logic devices, programmable logic and integrated circuits. Measurement instruments like digital oscilloscopes are also introduced.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 31

    CSE231 – Digital Logic Design

    Lecture – 1 Lesson Outcomes

    After completing this lecture, students will be able to


     Explain the basic differences between digital and analog
    quantities

    Introductory  Show how voltage levels are used to represent digital


    quantities

    Concepts of
     Describe various parameters of a pulse waveform such
    as rise time, fall time, pulse width, frequency, period,
    and duty cycle

    Digital Logic  Explain the basic logic functions of NOT, AND, and OR
     Describe several types of logic operations and explain
    their application in an example system

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 1/31


    Key Terms

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 2/31


    Analog vs digital

     An analog quantity is one having continuous values.


     A digital quantity is one having a discrete set of values.

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 3/31


    Analog vs digital

    Advantage of digital over analog:


     Digital data can be processed and transmitted more efficiently and reliably than
    analog data.
     Digital data has a great advantage when storage is necessary.
     Noise does not affect digital data nearly as much as it does analog signals.

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 4/31


    Binary digits, logic levels and digital waveform

     Each of the two digits in the binary system, 1 and 0, is


    called a binary digit or bit.
     In positive logic, 1 represents HIGH voltage and 0
    represents LOW voltage.

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 5/31


    Non ideal pulse

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 6/31


    Digital waveform characteristics

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 7/31


    Clock

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 8/31


    Timing diagram

     A timing diagram is basically a graph that accurately displays the relationship of two
    or more waveforms with respect to each other on a time basis.

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 9/31


    Data transfer

     Binary data are transferred in two ways:


    serial and parallel.
     When bits are transferred in serial form
    from one point to another, they are sent
    one bit at a time along a single line.
     When bits are transferred in parallel
    form, all the bits in a group are sent out
    on separate lines at the same time.

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 10/31


    Example 1-1

    a) Determine the total time required to serially transfer the eight bits contained in
    waveform A, and indicate the sequence of bits. The left-most bit is the first to be
    transferred. The 1 MHz clock is used as reference.
    b) What is the total time to transfer the same eight bits in parallel?
    SOLUTION:

    Sequence of bits:

    (b) A parallel transfer would take 1 µs for all eight bits.

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 11/31


    Basic logic functions

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 12/31


    Combinational and sequential logic functions

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 13/31


    Combinational and sequential logic functions

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 14/31


    Combinational and sequential logic functions

    An encoder used to encode a


    calculator keystroke into a binary code
    for storage or for calculation.

    A decoder used to convert a


    special binary code into a 7-
    segment decimal readout.

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 15/31


    Data selection functions (multiplexing-demultiplexing)

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 16/31


    Example 1-2

    Problems: Based on your observation of the inputs and outputs, name the logic function
    of each block shown in Figures.

    ANSWER:

    (a) Subtractor (b) Multiplier (c) Multiplexure (d) Comparator

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 17/31


    Data storage function (register)

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 18/31


    Counting function

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 19/31


    Process control (tablet bottling system)

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 20/31


    Programmable logic

    Digital integrated circuits (ICs) are two types:


    (1) Fixed Function Logic Devices (FLDs)
    (2) Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs)
     Many types of programmable logic are
    available, two major categories of user-
    programmable logic are:
     PLD (programmable logic device)
     FPGA (field-programmable gate array)

     PLDs are two types:


     SPLDs (simple PLDs)
     CPLDs (complex PLDs)

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 21/31


    Simple programmable logic devices

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 22/31


    Complex programmable logic devices

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 23/31


    Field programmable gate array

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 24/31


    Programming process

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 25/31


    Fixed function logic devices

     An integrated circuit (IC) is an electronic circuit


    that is constructed entirely on a single small
    chip of silicon.
     All the components that make up the circuit—
    transistors, diodes, resistors, and capacitors—
    are an integral part of that single chip.
     Fixed-function logic and programmable logic
    are two broad categories of digital ICs.
     In fixed-function logic devices, the logic FIGURE Cutaway view of one type of fixed-
    function IC package (dual in-line package)
    functions are set by the manufacturer and showing the chip mounted inside, with
    cannot be altered. connections to input and output pins

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 26/31


    Fixed function logic devices

     Integrated circuit (IC) packages are classified according to the way they are mounted
    on printed circuit boards (PCBs) as either through-hole mounted or surface mounted
     Dual in-line packages (DIP)
     Small-outline integrated circuit packages (SOIC)
     Plastic leaded chip carrier packages (PLCC)
     Leadless ceramic chip carrier packages (LCC)

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 27/31


    Fixed function logic devices

     Fixed-function digital ICs are classified according to their complexity.


     Small-scale integration (SSI) describes fixed-function ICs that have up to ten equivalent
    gate circuits on a single chip, and they include basic gates and flip-flops.
     Medium-scale integration (MSI) describes integrated circuits that have from 10 to 100
    equivalent gates on a chip. They include logic functions such as encoders, decoders,
    counters, registers, multiplexers, arithmetic circuits, small memories, and others.
     Large-scale integration (LSI) is a classification of ICs with complexities of from more
    than 100 to 10,000 equivalent gates per chip, including memories.
     Very large-scale integration (VLSI) describes integrated circuits with complexities of
    from more than 10,000 to 100,000 equivalent gates per chip.
     Ultra large-scale integration (ULSI) describes very large memories, larger
    microprocessors, and larger single-chip computers. Complexities of more than 100,000
    equivalent gates per chip are classified as ULS.

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 28/31


    Measurement instruments - digital oscilloscope

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 29/31


    References

    1. Digital Fundamentals by Thomas Floyd, Pearson International Edition,


    11th Edition, Chapter 1, Page 16-54.

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 30/31


    Next class

    Number Systems
    and Operations

    CSE231 Lecture 1 Page 31/31

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