CAMBRIDGE PRIMARY MATHEMATICS 6: TEACHER’S RESOURCE

Workbook answers
Unit 1 The number system
Exercise 1.1 Challenge
12 To multiply by 100, you move each digit
Focus two places to the left. If you multiply a
6 7 whole number by 100, this has the effect of
1 +
10 100 adding two zeros but this does not work for
2 5 thousandths all numbers, for example, 1.5 × 100 does not
equal 1.500.
3 A: 5607 tenths + 9 thousandths, C: 56 + 0.79
13 0.007
4 3.7 0.034
14 Anton: 4.5, Ben: 0.045, Kasinda: 45 and
Anya: 0.45
÷ 10 ÷ 10 ÷ 1000 × 10
15 Leila has made the number 51.111. If she had
put all her counters in the tens column, she
37 × 100 0.37 34 × 100 0.34 would have made the number 90.
90 > 51.111
0.98

Exercise 1.2
× 10 × 100
Focus
0.098 ÷ 1000 98 1 rounds to

5 91.969 = 90 + 1 + 0.9 + 0.06 + 0.009 8.3

8.52
6 0.645 8.4

Practice 8.5
8.77
7 5 tenths, 6 thousandths, 7 ones 8.6
8 a 560 b 880 c 412.8
8.7
d 0.67 e 1.91 f 0.63 8.35
8.8
9 D
2 10.35, 9.55, 10.05, 9.5
10
in out
3 a 7.8 b 8
1.5 1500
0.937 937 4 Number Number Number
rounded to rounded to
16.24 16 240
the nearest the nearest
0.49 490 tenth whole number
0.07 70 3.78 3.8 4
11 −24.976 4.45 4.5 4
3.55 3.6 4
4.04 4.0 4

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Practice b add 7
5 100.45 c multiply by 7
d 175
6 19.42
2 4, 4.3, 4.6, 4.9, 5.2
7 1.45 and 3.45
3 a 
1.8, 1.9
8 10.49
1
b 3, 3
Challenge 2
c −1.5, −1.8
9 3.34
4 a 
multiply by 9
10 JULY
b 90
11 16.51 rounded to the nearest whole number
is 17. 5 a 

17.49 rounded to the nearest whole number Position 1 2 5 10 100

is 17. Term 100 200 500 1000 10 000
Both answers are 17. b multiply by 100
16.51 rounded to the nearest tenth is 16.5.
Practice
17.49 rounded to the nearest tenth is 17.5.
6 a 
First six terms: 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42
The difference between 17.5 and 16.5 is 1 so
Position-to-term rule: multiply by 7
Stefan is correct.
50th term: 350
12
b First six terms: 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66
10.5 litres 9459 7.65 litres 9.91 litres 11 011
millilitres millilitres Position-to-term rule: multiply by 11
50th term: 550
7 a 
0.9
8 litres 9 litres 10 litres 11 litres
b −1.6
8 a 
9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81, 90, 99
b multiply by 9
10 400 8.82 litres 8100 11.1 litres 9.49 litres
millilitres millilitres c 540
9 3.35, 3.38, 3.41
2 4 1 3
10 1, 1 , 1 , 2 , 2
Unit 2 Numbers and
5 5 5 5

Challenge
sequences 11 a 
42  42.15  42.3  42.45  42.6
b 43.35
Exercise 2.1
12 Position Term
Focus 1 6
1 a Position 1 2 3 4 2 12
Term 7 14 21 28 5 30
6 36
12 72

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13 a 
18, 26, 34 10
b add 8 square cube
c No numbers numbers
1
1 × 8 does not equal 10 or the terms in the 8
9
sequence are not multiples of 8. 64
27
1 3 1
14 1 and −6 and −8 25
2 4 4
10 50

Exercise 2.2
Challenge
Focus
11 49 and 81
1 a 
1 b 125
12 13 and 43 (1 and 64)
c 81 d 1
13 64
2 34
16 is 42. 42 × 4 = 64
3 84
14 23  32  52  33  (8, 9, 25, 27)
4 6 × 6, 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6
15 square numbers: 4 and 36
5 64
cube numbers: 8 and 27
Practice
6 2 Exercise 2.3
7 a 
1 b 125 Focus
c 27 d 64 1 a 
They are all cube numbers (1 × 1 = 1 = 1,
2 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 × 52 = 53 = 125, 3 × 32 = 33 = 27, 42 × 4 = 43 = 64).
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
8 a 
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
4
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
b Shape 1 2 3 4 5 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Number of bricks 1 4 9 16 25
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

c 100 bricks. The sequence is square 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

numbers and 102 is 100.
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
9 Not a cube
Cube number 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
number
Learners’
Even number 8 or 64 own b 45, 90
answers 2 28
Learners’
Not an even 3 a 
1 and 2
1 or 27 own
number
answers b 1, 2 and 4
4 1, 2 and 5

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Practice
5
Unit 3 Averages
multiple of 7 not a multiple of 7
multiple 28  56 12  48 Exercise 3.1
of 2
not a 35  63 55  47 Focus
multiple of 2
1 a 7 + 3 + 2 = 12

6 1, 2 and 3 12 ÷ 3 = 4
The mean is 4.
7
b 10 + 4 + 7 + 4 + 5 = 30
multiples of 2
30 ÷ 5 = 6
The mean is 6.
multiples of 4 10
2 a 11 − 2 = 9 kg b 150 − 103 = 47 g
12 8
3 The range is 5. – 2, 6, 4, 7, 4
The mode is 5. – 5, 6, 5, 7, 8
11
The median is 5. – 5, 3, 4, 9, 8
9 The mean is 5. – 5, 6, 1, 6, 7

Practice
8 a 
18 and 45 4 a Jenny: 11, Carrie: 10
b 18 and 36 b Jenny: 16, Carrie: 12
Challenge c Jenny’s mean score was higher, but her
scores were less consistent.
9
Carrie’s range is lower, so her scores were
factors of factors of less spread out. Carrie’s mean score was
30 6 24 lower than Jenny’s.
1
4 5 a Erik: 6, Halima: 7
5 2
8 b Erik: 3, Halima: 7
3
7 c Learners’ own answers. For example,
9 Halima practised for longer over the week
than Erik. Erik’s daily practice time was
more consistent than Halima’s.
The numbers in the shaded area are factors of
30 and 24. 6 More than one solution, for example:
10 20 minutes a 14, 15, 16, 16, 17, 18
b 14, 16, 17, 18, 18, 19
11 Hassan is correct. 7 is a common factor of 49
and 56. c 14, 15, 15, 17, 17, 18
12 Multiples of 8: 8, 16, 24 Challenge
Multiples of 6: 6, 12, 18, 24 7 a 2 b 9 c 14
24 cakes can be bought in 3 packs. d 33 e 58
8 More than one possible solution. For example:
The five heights could be: 119 cm, 131 cm,
132 cm, 135 cm, 135 cm
The five weights could be: 25 kg, 33 kg, 33 kg,
40 kg, 41 kg

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The five ages could be: 10 years & 10 months, 9 2000 + 1475 and 2005 + 1470
10 years & 10 months, 11 years & 5 months,
11 years & 6 months, 11 years & 8 months Challenge
9 a Runner 1: mean 11.4 seconds, 10 10 431
range 2.3 seconds
11 79 999 − 19 999 = 80 000 − 20 000 = 60 000 or she
Runner 2: mean 11.5 seconds, could visualise the calculation written down to
range 2.2 seconds give zero in the thousands, hundreds, tens and
b Runner 1 could argue that they are the ones columns and then (7 − 1) ten thousands.
better runner because their average time The answer to the calculation is 60 000.
is lower than Runner 2. They have also 12 −7 + 3 = −4
recorded times under 11 seconds three
times, whilst Runner 2 has only run under −5 − −3 = −8
11 seconds twice. 13 a 
2012
c Runner 2 could argue that they are the b 1986
better runner because their times have a
smaller range so they are more consistent. 14 −5 or 1
Also, their fastest time and slowest time
are both lower than Runner 1. Exercise 4.2
Focus
Unit 4 Addition and 1 a 
9 b 2 c 1

subtraction (1) 2 a
m 15 12 11 26 21


n 5 2 1 16 11
Exercise 4.1
b m – n = 10 or equivalent
Focus 3 a 
x 7 19 11 5 14
1 3 °C
y 16 4 12 18 9
2 a 
−18 b −18
b x + y = 23
3 a 
8 b 2 c 4
d 8 e 5 f 2 Practice
4 a = 40 °
Practice
5 Any three from:
4 about 30 000
Answers may vary according to how learners x = 0 and y = 7 x = 4 and y = 3
round the numbers. x = 1 and y = 6 x = 5 and y = 2
5 3 927 000 x = 2 and y = 5 x = 6 and y = 1
6 a 
−9 °C b −21 °C x = 3 and y = 4 x = 7 and y = 0
7 16 °C
8
City Difference in temperature from London Temperature (°C)
London –1
Moscow 24 degrees colder –25
New York 10 degrees colder –11
Oslo 13 degrees colder –14
Rio de Janeiro 27 degrees warmer 26

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6 b False. Example justification: We are told

x 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
the shape is a kite, so opposite sides are
y 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 not parallel.
c True. Example justification: We know
h and d are parallel because h and b
Challenge are parallel, and b is parallel to d. The
7 b = 8 cm angle between e and h is x, and the
angle between a and d is x, so d must be
8 a = 5 cm and b = 4 cm parallel to h.
9 a 17 b 17 d True. Example justification: We know
h and d are parallel because h and b are
c same question but a different
parallel. The angle between e and h is x,
representation
and the angle between a and d is x, so a
must be parallel to e.

Unit 5 2D shapes 7 a Learners’ own diagrams. For example:

Exercise 5.1
Focus
1 a rectangle b Learners’ own diagrams

b rhombus c Yes
c isosceles trapezium Challenge
d trapezium
8 a They both have two pairs of parallel
e square sides and two pairs of equal sides. Their
f kite diagonals bisect each other.
g parallelogram b The diagonals of the kite meet at 90 °, but
those in the isosceles trapezium do not.
2 a It has 2 pairs of equal sides.
A kite has one pair of equal angles; the
b It has 1 pair of equal angles. isosceles trapezium has two pairs. A kite
c The longer diagonal bisects the shorter has two pairs of equal sides; the isosceles
diagonal at 90 °. trapezium has one pair. A kite has no
parallel sides; the isosceles trapezium has
d It has 1 line of symmetry. one pair.
3 a It has 4 equal sides. 9 a square: H
b It has 2 pairs of equal angles. b rectangle: J
c It has 2 pairs of parallel sides. c rhombus: I
d The diagonals bisect each other at 90 °. d parallelogram: K
e It has 2 lines of symmetry. e kite: G
f isosceles trapezium: L
Practice
10 a Yes, all the sides are 3 squares long and
4 a trapezium b rectangle the angle between all the sides is 90 °.
5 Two pairs of parallel sides, two pairs of equal b (1, 4) and (7, 10)
sides, two pairs of equal angles. None of the c Two out of: (8, 3), (9, 2) or (10, 1)
angles is 90 °. The diagonals bisect each other.
6 a True. Example justification: We are told
the shape is a rhombus, so opposite sides
are parallel.

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Exercise 5.2 9 a Learners’ own answers. For example: If

you do not guess the centre of the square
Focus very well, your circle will not be accurate
and you will have to keep rubbing it out
1 She has the circumference and the centre the and trying again.
wrong way round. She also has the diameter
b Learners’ own answers. For example:
and the radius the wrong way round.
Draw the diagonals onto the square and
2 a radius = 2 cm use the point where they cross as the
b radius = 15 mm centre of the circle.

3 Learners’ accurate drawings of circles with Exercise 5.3

a radius of:
a 3 cm b 40 mm Focus
1 a order 2 b order 2 c order 1
Practice
d order 4 e order 3 f order 4
4 a circumference b diameter
c radius 2 a iii b iv c i d ii

5 Learners’ accurate drawings of circles with 3 a

a radius of:
a 3.7 cm b 52 mm
6 a true b false
c true d true b order 1
7 a, b L
 earners’ accurate drawing of a circle
with a radius of 4.2 cm drawings
Practice
4 a rotational symmetry order 2
Challenge b rotational symmetry order 2
8 a, b  earners’ accurate drawings of circles with
L c rotational symmetry order 1
radius 7 cm, labelled A, and radius 5 cm,
labelled B. For example: d rotational symmetry order 3
5 a rotational symmetry order 2
A B
b rotational symmetry order 1
or c rotational symmetry order 3

A 6 a rotational symmetry order 3

B
b rotational symmetry order 1
c 2 cm c rotational symmetry order 4
d The difference between the centres is the
Challenge
difference between the two radii.
7 Number of lines of
e Learners’ own drawings. The difference
between the centres is the difference symmetry
between the two radii. 0 1 2 3 4
f The distance between the centres of two 1 D
circles that touch inside is the same as the Order of 2 F E
difference between the two radii. rotational
symmetry 3 C
4 B A

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8 a

b 9 Two of the following:

c There are quite a few different options.

Some examples are:

Unit 6 Fractions and

percentages
Exercise 6.1
Focus
5 4
1 a b
8 3
8 7
c d
7 10

2 a Learners’ own answers showing the

division of each circle into five equal
2
pieces. Each child gets of a pizza.
5

b Learners’ own answers showing the

division of each circle into two pieces.
5
Each child gets pizzas.
2

3 24

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1 2 a 60 b 9 cm
4 of $40 is better
4
c $4 d 17 kg
1 1
of $18 = $9 and of $40 = $10 3 Amount
2 4

Practice 10
50% of 40
5 start
12

5 48 7 63 5 14
2
of 16 3
of 9 2
of 22
10% of 120
16
40 27 55
18

5 6 7 100% of 16 20
3
of 18 6 5
of 15 24 4
of 16

Practice
30 90 28
4 a 8 b 4 c 12
5 60%
7 4
6
of 12 14 3
of 15 20 end
6 a 
clockwise from 80: 16 20 40 60 8
b clockwise from 6: 30 45 18 60 3
6 Carlos reads more pages. 7 150 g
1 3
3
of 15 = 5 and of 8 = 6
4 Challenge
7 8 57 kg
1 3 5 7 9 11
Fraction 4 4 4 4 4 4 9 64
10 20 children
Amount 9 27 45 63 81 99
Exercise 6.3
4 3
8 of 24 = 32 of 24 = 36
3 2 Focus
8 7 1 2 3
of 24 = 64 of 24 = 84 1 a b c
3 2 2 5 4
1
Challenge 2
4
3 4 3 $0.47  74 cents  $4.07  $4.70  $7.40
9 of 32 = 24 and of 18 = 24 so they are equal
4 3
25
4 and 0.25
10 a 27 b 81 100

2 5
11 and Practice
3 4
1 2 4
5 a 13 b 5 c 10
Exercise 6.2 5 5 5

6 70% > 0.65 60% > 0.06

Focus 1 1
25% = 23% >
1 $0  $20  $40  $60  $80  $100   4 5
$120  $140  $160  $180 4 2
0.7 < 0.3 <
5 5

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7 a
3
false ( is equal to 60%) Practice
5
4 12 cm2, 17.5 cm2, 8 cm2
b true
9 5 a and e circled
c false ( is equal to 90%)
10
6 3m
6
8 and 70%
8 Challenge
Challenge 7 Learners’ own drawings of right-angled
triangles with an area of 6 cm2. Check the
70
9 70% = triangle by drawing a 1 × 12 cm, 2 × 6 cm or
100
3 × 4 cm rectangle around it, using the two
70
>
70
; the smaller denominator makes sides at the right angle. The diagonal should
80 100 be the longest side of the triangle.
larger parts, so Omar has the higher score.
8 Chata would need 8.33 pots to cover 75 tiles,
Note: When fractions have the same so he would need to buy 9 pots.
numerator, the larger fraction is the one with
the smaller denominator. 9 a 36 cm2 b 4 cm2 c 20 cm2
4 13
10 0.82     75%  0.7  
5 20 Exercise 7.2
10 2 16 4
11
15
and
3

20
and
5
Focus
1 1
1 a 2 minutes and 0 seconds
12 1.2  1.3  1   1
4 5 b 2 minutes and 30 seconds
c 3 minutes and 15 seconds

Unit 7 Exploring d 3 minutes and 45 seconds

2 2 hours and 45 minutes – 2.75 hours
measures 1 hour and 15 minutes – 1.25 hours

Exercise 7.1 4 days and 12 hours – 4.5 days

4 hours and 30 minutes – 4.5 hours
Focus
1 day and 6 hours – 1.25 days
1 28 m2, 24 cm2, 81 km2
2 minutes and 45 seconds – 2.75 minutes
2
5 minutes and 30 seconds – 5.5 minutes
5 hours and 30 minutes – 5.5 hours

Practice
3 a 12 minutes b 42 minutes
c 27 minutes d 57 minutes
3 a 12 cm2
4 a January or August, because they are the
b 6 cm2 only months that have 31 days and follow
c The triangle is half the size of the a month that has 31 days.
rectangle because it is made by cutting the b Friday 18th August 2045
rectangle in half. Dividing by 2 is the same
as finding half. c i 32 years, 1 month and 7 days
ii 39 years, 4 months and 16 days
iii 70 years, 0 months and 22 days

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iv 72 years, 10 months and 0 days 8 a 

40.493
v 78 years, 10 months and 19 days
16.57 23.923
Challenge
5 5.87 10.7 13.223
Destination Departure time
Copenhagen 11:48 1.07 4.8 5.9 7.323
Vienna 12:18
Brussels 12:58 b
34.783
Barcelona 13:23
Warsaw 13:53 21.44 13.343

Venice 14:28 11.72 9.72 3.623

6 Learners’ own answers. 5.6 6.12 3.6 0.023

Unit 8 Addition and Challenge

9 a 
Complete calculation is:
subtraction (2) 9.37 − 5.687 = 3.683
b Complete calculation is:
Exercise 8.1 3.467 + 7.89 = 11.357
10 Learners’ own answers. Any three decimals
Focus that satisfy the criteria, for example:
1 0.14 + 0.239 + 0.621
2 1 + 0.9 + 0.10
11
2.9 kg 0.27 kg 3.8 kg 5.5 kg 4.8 kg 0.49 kg
1.35 1 + 0.3 + 0.05
–

0 + 0.6 + 0.05 = $ 0.65

4.1 kg 1.19 kg 1.2 kg 8.7 kg 5.99 kg 7.7 kg

2 3.7 kg
3 a 
19.6 b 2.638
4 0.003 + 0.007 = 0.01
0.34 kg 2.7 kg 4.9 kg 1.4 kg 0.92 kg 0.86 kg
0.004 + 0.006 = 0.01

Practice Exercise 8.2

5 a 
$56.75 b $3.25
Focus
6 0.26 metres 1
1
12
7 349.05 + 71.6
21 1 11 31 7
200 2 a =1 b c =1
20 20 12 24 24
340.1 – 124.26
1 1 2
300 3 a b c
10 12 15
234.81 + 81.4
400
470.08 – 45.12

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4 Answer less Answer Answer b The third bag does not belong to either of
than 1 equal to 1 more than 1 the children.

B C A  D The probability of taking a prism from

the bag is 3 out of 4.
Practice The probability of taking a 3D shape
from the bag is 4 out of 4.
5
The probability of taking a pyramid from
11
12 the bag is 1 out of 4.
2 a Three cards with triangles circled.
1 2 b The following statements should have an
4 3 X next to them:
Taking a card with a square symbol.
1 1 6 1 Taking a card with a value greater than 4.
12 6 12 or 2
3 Learners’ own answers.
Answers are dependent on learners’
6 Chata has added the numerators together and environment, etc. Could include height the
added the denominators together. He should paper was dropped from or air circulation.
use his knowledge of equivalent fractions to
find fractions with a common denominator. Learners’ own variations on the experiments.

Correct answer: Learners’ own answers.

3 3 24 15 39 4 Rex.
+ = + =
5 8 40 40 40
There is a 1 in 4 chance of taking a ‘3’ from
27 7
7 (1 ) hour (or 1 hour 21 minutes) Rex and a 1 in 5 chance of taking a ‘3’ from
20 20
1 1
Nina. A (25%) chance is greater than a
4 4 5
8
15 (20%) chance.

Challenge Practice
9 3 5 Many solutions. The net must have:
9 • one or two negative numbers
10
40

41 5
• no multiples of 3
11 =3 hours (or 3 hours 25 minutes)
12 12 • exactly three numbers greater than 5
1 1 3 1
12 + and + are both possible answers • at least four numbers that are even.
5 2 5 10
6 Yes, Kapil is correct.

Unit 9 Probability Learners’ own explanations, for example:

Two events are mutually exclusive when they
cannot happen at the same time.
Exercise 9.1 7 a 1 out of 5
Focus b 10

1 a Sofia’s first bag is bag 4. Sofia’s second c Learners’ own answers depending
bag is bag 1. on results

Marcus’s first bag is bag 2. Marcus’s d The number of 2s spun should get
1
second bag is bag 5. closer to .
5

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e A larger number of trials means that the Practice

result gets closer to the probability.
2 Estimates may vary but it should be clear how
Challenge learners have arrived at the estimate.
a 
Estimate: 2000 × 7 = 14 000
8 a 8
Answer: 10 822
b i 1 out of 8 ii 3 out of 8
b Estimate: 2000 × 8 = 16 000
iii 5 out of 8 iv 5 out of 8 Answer: 19 184
v 6 out of 8 (or 3 out of 4) c Estimate: 4000 × 6 = 24 000
Answer: 21 564
9 A
3 172 × 6 = 1032
B
C 4 The estimate is a good one because
3000 × 70 = 210 000.
D
E
5 15 × 90 or 90 × 15
6 10 × 1200   100 × 120   20 × 600   200 × 60
Learners’ own answers for Event E. 30 × 400    300 × 40
10 a Balls coloured: 4 red, 0 blue, 5 yellow, Challenge
10 purple and 1 green
7 Ella is correct.
b Learners’ own answers
Roz has forgotten to add in the 1 hundred that
c No, because each time a ball is selected,
has been carried on the line 29 280.
the outcome is random. As the experiment
continues, the pattern of outcomes may 8 243 793
become closer to the predictions.
9 20 676 km
10 Apollo took the most money.
Unit 10 Multiplication Apollo: 2108 × $45 = $94 860

and division (1) Lif: 1935 × $39 = $75 465

Legend: 2245 × $42 = $94 290
Exercise 10.1 Mani: 1649 × $47 = $77 503

Focus Exercise 10.2

1 1 2 3 Focus
1 5 3 9 7 2

4 1 93
4 4 2 2 4
2 $38
5 6
4 5 1 8 1
3 83 weeks
7 8
4 4 1 2 6 5 4 124 t-shirts
9 10
2 9 2 8 0 Practice
11 12 5 a 
3 b 4
1 5 6 8 5 1 2
13 6 78
6 6 2 8 4
7 50 people
14 15
1 5 4 8 5 4 8 15 packs

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