CHARTER OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES *

IN THE NAME OF THEIR PEOPLES, THE STATES REPRESENTED AT THE NINTH

Convinced that the historic mission of America is to offer to man a land of liberty and a favorable
environment for the development of his personality and the realization of his just aspirations;

Conscious that that mission has already inspired numerous agreements, whose essential value lies in the
desire of the American peoples to live together in peace and, through their mutual understanding and
respect for the sovereignty of each one, to provide for the betterment of all, in independence, in equality
and under law;

Convinced that representative democracy is an indispensable condition for the stability, peace and
development of the region;

Confident that the true significance of American solidarity and good neighborliness can only mean the
consolidation on this continent, within the framework of democratic institutions, of a system of individual
liberty and social justice based on respect for the essential rights of man;

Persuaded that their welfare and their contribution to the progress and the civilization of the world will
increasingly require intensive continental cooperation;

Resolved to persevere in the noble undertaking that humanity has conferred upon the United Nations,
whose principles and purposes they solemnly reaffirm;

Convinced that juridical organization is a necessary condition for security and peace founded on moral
order and on justice; and

In accordance with Resolution IX of the Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace,
held in Mexico City,

HAVE AGREED
upon the following

CHARTER OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES

PART ONE

Chapter I

NATURE AND PURPOSES

Article 1

The American States establish by this Charter the international organization that they have developed to
achieve an order of peace and justice, to promote their solidarity, to strengthen their collaboration, and to
defend their sovereignty, their territorial integrity, and their independence. Within the United Nations, the
Organization of American States is a regional agency.
 The Organization of American States has no powers other than those expressly conferred upon it by this
Charter, none of whose provisions authorizes it to intervene in matters that are within the internal
jurisdiction of the Member States.

Article 2

The Organization of American States, in order to put into practice the principles on which it is founded
and to fulfill its regional obligations under the Charter of the United Nations, proclaims the following
essential purposes:

a) To strengthen the peace and security of the continent;

b) To promote and consolidate representative democracy, with due respect for the principle of
nonintervention;

c) To prevent possible causes of difficulties and to ensure the pacific settlement of disputes that may
arise among the Member States;

d) To provide for common action on the part of those States in the event of aggression;

e) To seek the solution of political, juridical, and economic problems that may arise among them;

f) To promote, by cooperative action, their economic, social, and cultural development;

g) To eradicate extreme poverty, which constitutes an obstacle to the full democratic development of the
peoples of the hemisphere; and

h) To achieve an effective limitation of conventional weapons that will make it possible to devote the
largest amount of resources to the economic and social development of the Member States.

Chapter II

PRINCIPLES

Article 3

The American States reaffirm the following principles:

a) International law is the standard of conduct of States in their reciprocal relations;

b) International order consists essentially of respect for the personality, sovereignty, and independence of
States, and the faithful fulfillment of obligations derived from treaties and other sources of international
law;

c) Good faith shall govern the relations between States;

d) The solidarity of the American States and the high aims which are sought through it require the
political organization of those States on the basis of the effective exercise of representative democracy;

e) Every State has the right to choose, without external interference, its political, economic, and social
system and to organize itself in the way best suited to it, and has the duty to abstain from intervening in the
affairs of another State. Subject to the foregoing, the American States shall cooperate fully among
themselves, independently of the nature of their political, economic, and social systems;

f) The elimination of extreme poverty is an essential part of the promotion and consolidation of
representative democracy and is the common and shared responsibility of the American States;

g) The American States condemn war of aggression: victory does not give rights;

h) An act of aggression against one American State is an act of aggression against all the other American
States;

i) Controversies of an international character arising between two or more American States shall be
settled by peaceful procedures;

j) Social justice and social security are bases of lasting peace;

k) Economic cooperation is essential to the common welfare and prosperity of the peoples of the
continent;

l) The American States proclaim the fundamental rights of the individual without distinction as to race,
nationality, creed, or sex;

m) The spiritual unity of the continent is based on respect for the cultural values of the American
countries and requires their close cooperation for the high purposes of civilization;

n) The education of peoples should be directed toward justice, freedom, and peace.

Chapter III

MEMBERS

Article 4

All American States that ratify the present Charter are Members of the Organization.

Article 5

Any new political entity that arises from the union of several Member States and that, as such, ratifies
the present Charter, shall become a Member of the Organization. The entry of the new political entity into
the Organization shall result in the loss of membership of each one of the States which constitute it

Article 6

Any other independent American State that desires to become a Member of the Organization should so
indicate by means of a note addressed to the Secretary General, in which it declares that it is willing to sign
and ratify the Charter of the Organization and to accept all the obligations inherent in membership,
especially those relating to collective security expressly set forth in Articles 28 and 29 of the Charter.

Article 7

The General Assembly, upon the recommendation of the Permanent Council of the Organization, shall
determine whether it is appropriate that the Secretary General be authorized to permit the applicant State to
sign the Charter and to accept the deposit of the corresponding instrument of ratification. Both the
recommendation of the Permanent Council and the decision of the General Assembly shall require the
affirmative vote of two thirds of the Member States.

Article 8
 Membership in the Organization shall be confined to independent States of the Hemisphere that were
Members of the United Nations as of December 10, 1985, and the nonautonomous territories mentioned in
document OEA/Ser. P, AG/doc.1939/85, of November 5, 1985, when they become independent.

Article 9

A Member of the Organization whose democratically constituted government has been overthrown by
force may be suspended from the exercise of the right to participate in the sessions of the General
Assembly, the Meeting of Consultation, the Councils of the Organization and the Specialized Conferences
as well as in the commissions, working groups and any other bodies established.

a) The power to suspend shall be exercised only when such diplomatic initiatives undertaken by the
Organization for the purpose of promoting the restoration of representative democracy in the affected
Member State have been unsuccessful;

b) The decision to suspend shall be adopted at a special session of the General Assembly by an
affirmative vote of two-thirds of the Member States;

c) The suspension shall take effect immediately following its approval by the General Assembly;

d) The suspension notwithstanding, the Organization shall endeavor to undertake additional diplomatic
initiatives to contribute to the re-establishment of representative democracy in the affected Member State;

e) The Member which has been subject to suspension shall continue to fulfill its obligations to the
Organization;

f) The General Assembly may lift the suspension by a decision adopted with the approval of two-thirds
of the Member States;

g) The powers referred to in this article shall be exercised in accordance with this Charter.

Chapter IV

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF STATES

Article 10

States are juridically equal, enjoy equal rights and equal capacity to exercise these rights, and have equal
duties. The rights of each State depend not upon its power to ensure the exercise thereof, but upon the mere
fact of its existence as a person under international law.

Article 11

Every American State has the duty to respect the rights enjoyed by every other State in accordance with
international law.

Article 12

The fundamental rights of States may not be impaired in any manner whatsoever.

Article 13
 The political existence of the State is independent of recognition by other States. Even before being
recognized, the State has the right to defend its integrity and independence, to provide for its preservation
and prosperity, and consequently to organize itself as it sees fit, to legislate concerning its interests, to
administer its services, and to determine the jurisdiction and competence of its courts. The exercise of these
rights is limited only by the exercise of the rights of other States in accordance with international law.

Article 14

Recognition implies that the State granting it accepts the personality of the new State, with all the rights
and duties that international law prescribes for the two States.

Article 15

The right of each State to protect itself and to live its own life does not authorize it to commit unjust acts
against another State.

Article 16

The jurisdiction of States within the limits of their national territory is exercised equally over all the
inhabitants, whether nationals or aliens.

Article 17

Each State has the right to develop its cultural, political, and economic life freely and naturally. In this
free development, the State shall respect the rights of the individual and the principles of universal
morality.

Article 18

Respect for and the faithful observance of treaties constitute standards for the development of peaceful
relations among States. International treaties and agreements should be public.

Article 19

No State or group of States has the right to intervene, directly or indirectly, for any reason whatever, in
the internal or external affairs of any other State. The foregoing principle prohibits not only armed force but
also any other form of interference or attempted threat against the personality of the State or against its
political, economic, and cultural elements.

Article 20

No State may use or encourage the use of coercive measures of an economic or political character in
order to force the sovereign will of another State and obtain from it advantages of any kind.

Article 21

The territory of a State is inviolable; it may not be the object, even temporarily, of military occupation
or of other measures of force taken by another State, directly or indirectly, on any grounds whatever. No
territorial acquisitions or special advantages obtained either by force or by other means of coercion shall be
recognized.

Article 22
 The American States bind themselves in their international relations not to have recourse to the use of
force, except in the case of selfdefense in accordance with existing treaties or in fulfillment thereof.

Article 23

Measures adopted for the maintenance of peace and security in accordance with existing treaties do not
constitute a violation of the principles set forth in Articles 19 and 21.

Chapter V

PACIFIC SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES

Article 24

International disputes between Member States shall be submitted to the peaceful procedures set forth in
this Charter.

This provision shall not be interpreted as an impairment of the rights and obligations of the Member
States under Articles 34 and 35 of the Charter of the United Nations.

Article 25

The following are peaceful procedures: direct negotiation, good offices, mediation, investigation and
conciliation, judicial settlement, arbitration, and those which the parties to the dispute may especially agree
upon at any time.

Article 26

In the event that a dispute arises between two or more American States which, in the opinion of one of
them, cannot be settled through the usual diplomatic channels, the parties shall agree on some other
peaceful procedure that will enable them to reach a solution.

Article 27

A special treaty will establish adequate means for the settlement of disputes and will determine pertinent
procedures for each peaceful means such that no dispute between American States may remain without
definitive settlement within a reasonable period of time.

Chapter VI

COLLECTIVE SECURITY

Article 28

Every act of aggression by a State against the territorial integrity or the inviolability of the territory or
against the sovereignty or political independence of an American State shall be considered an act of
aggression against the other American States.

Article 29
 If the inviolability or the integrity of the territory or the sovereignty or political independence of any
American State should be affected by an armed attack or by an act of aggression that is not an armed attack,
or by an extracontinental conflict, or by a conflict between two or more American States, or by any other
fact or situation that might endanger the peace of America, the American States, in furtherance of the
principles of continental solidarity or collective selfdefense, shall apply the measures and procedures
established in the special treaties on the subject.

Chapter VII

INTEGRAL DEVELOPMENT

Article 30

The Member States, inspired by the principles of interAmerican solidarity and cooperation, pledge
themselves to a united effort to ensure international social justice in their relations and integral
development for their peoples, as conditions essential to peace and security. Integral development
encompasses the economic, social, educational, cultural, scientific, and technological fields through which
the goals that each country sets for accomplishing it should be achieved.

Article 31

Inter-American cooperation for integral development is the common and joint responsibility of the
Member States, within the framework of the democratic principles and the institutions of the interAmerican
system. It should include the economic, social, educational, cultural, scientific, and technological fields,
support the achievement of national objectives of the Member States, and respect the priorities established
by each country in its development plans, without political ties or conditions.

Article 32

Inter-American cooperation for integral development should be continuous and preferably channeled
through multilateral organizations, without prejudice to bilateral cooperation between Member States.

The Member States shall contribute to inter-American cooperation for integral development in
accordance with their resources and capabilities and in conformity with their laws.

Article 33

Development is a primary responsibility of each country and should constitute an integral and
continuous process for the establishment of a more just economic and social order that will make possible
and contribute to the fulfillment of the individual.

Article 34

The Member States agree that equality of opportunity, the elimination of extreme poverty, equitable
distribution of wealth and income and the full participation of their peoples in decisions relating to their
own development are, among others, basic objectives of integral development. To achieve them, they
likewise agree to devote their utmost efforts to accomplishing the following basic goals:

a) Substantial and self-sustained increase of per capita national product;

b) Equitable distribution of national income;

d) Modernization of rural life and reforms leading to equitable and efficient land-tenure systems,
increased agricultural productivity, expanded use of land, diversification of production and improved
processing and marketing systems for agricultural products; and the strengthening and expansion of the
means to attain these ends;

e) Accelerated and diversified industrialization, especially of capital and intermediate goods;

f) Stability of domestic price levels, compatible with sustained economic development and the
attainment of social justice;

g) Fair wages, employment opportunities, and acceptable working conditions for all;

h) Rapid eradication of illiteracy and expansion of educational opportunities for all;

i) Protection of man's potential through the extension and application of modern medical science;

j) Proper nutrition, especially through the acceleration of national efforts to increase the production and
availability of food;

k) Adequate housing for all sectors of the population;

l) Urban conditions that offer the opportunity for a healthful, productive, and full life;

m) Promotion of private initiative and investment in harmony with action in the public sector; and

n) Expansion and diversification of exports.

Article 35

The Member States should refrain from practicing policies and adopting actions or measures that have
serious adverse effects on the development of other Member States.

Article 36

Transnational enterprises and foreign private investment shall be subject to the legislation of the host
countries and to the jurisdiction of their competent courts and to the international treaties and agreements to
which said countries are parties, and should conform to the development policies of the recipient countries.

Article 37

The Member States agree to join together in seeking a solution to urgent or critical problems that may
arise whenever the economic development or stability of any Member State is seriously affected by
conditions that cannot be remedied through the efforts of that State.

Article 38

The Member States shall extend among themselves the benefits of science and technology by
encouraging the exchange and utilization of scientific and technical knowledge in accordance with existing
treaties and national laws.
 Article 39

The Member States, recognizing the close interdependence between foreign trade and economic and
social development, should make individual and united efforts to bring about the following:

a) Favorable conditions of access to world markets for the products of the developing countries of the
region, particularly through the reduction or elimination, by importing countries, of tariff and nontariff
barriers that affect the exports of the Member States of the Organization, except when such barriers are
applied in order to diversify the economic structure, to speed up the development of the lessdeveloped
Member States, and intensify their process of economic integration, or when they are related to national
security or to the needs of economic balance;

b) Continuity in their economic and social development by means of:

i. Improved conditions for trade in basic commodities through international agreements, where
appropriate; orderly marketing procedures that avoid the disruption of markets, and other measures
designed to promote the expansion of markets and to obtain dependable incomes for producers, adequate
and dependable supplies for consumers, and stable prices that are both remunerative to producers and fair
to consumers;

ii. Improved international financial cooperation and the adoption of other means for lessening the
adverse impact of sharp fluctuations in export earnings experienced by the countries exporting basic
commodities;

iii. Diversification of exports and expansion of export opportunities for manufactured and
semimanufactured products from the developing countries; and

iv. Conditions conducive to increasing the real export earnings of the Member States, particularly the
developing countries of the region, and to increasing their participation in international trade.

Article 40

The Member States reaffirm the principle that when the more developed countries grant concessions in
international trade agreements that lower or eliminate tariffs or other barriers to foreign trade so that they
benefit the lessdeveloped countries, they should not expect reciprocal concessions from those countries that
are incompatible with their economic development, financial, and trade needs.

Article 41

The Member States, in order to accelerate their economic development, regional integration, and the
expansion and improvement of the conditions of their commerce, shall promote improvement and
coordination of transportation and communication in the developing countries and among the Member
States.

Article 42

The Member States recognize that integration of the developing countries of the Hemisphere is one of the
objectives of the inter-American system and, therefore, shall orient their efforts and take the necessary
measures to accelerate the integration process, with a view to establishing a Latin American common
market in the shortest possible time.

Article 43
 In order to strengthen and accelerate integration in all its aspects, the Member States agree to give
adequate priority to the preparation and carrying out of multinational projects and to their financing, as well
as to encourage economic and financial institutions of the interAmerican system to continue giving their
broadest support to regional integration institutions and programs.

Article 44

The Member States agree that technical and financial cooperation that seeks to promote regional
economic integration should be based on the principle of harmonious, balanced, and efficient development,
with particular attention to the relatively less-developed countries, so that it may be a decisive factor that
will enable them to promote, with their own efforts, the improved development of their infrastructure
programs, new lines of production, and export diversification.

Article 45

The Member States, convinced that man can only achieve the full realization of his aspirations within a
just social order, along with economic development and true peace, agree to dedicate every effort to the
application of the following principles and mechanisms:

a) All human beings, without distinction as to race, sex, nationality, creed, or social condition, have a
right to material well-being and to their spiritual development, under circumstances of liberty, dignity,
equality of opportunity, and economic security;

b) Work is a right and a social duty, it gives dignity to the one who performs it, and it should be
performed under conditions, including a system of fair wages, that ensure life, health, and a decent standard
of living for the worker and his family, both during his working years and in his old age, or when any
circumstance deprives him of the possibility of working;

c) Employers and workers, both rural and urban, have the right to associate themselves freely for the
defense and promotion of their interests, including the right to collective bargaining and the workers' right
to strike, and recognition of the juridical personality of associations and the protection of their freedom and
independence, all in accordance with applicable laws;

d) Fair and efficient systems and procedures for consultation and collaboration among the sectors of
production, with due regard for safeguarding the interests of the entire society;

e) The operation of systems of public administration, banking and credit, enterprise, and distribution and
sales, in such a way, in harmony with the private sector, as to meet the requirements and interests of the
community;

f) The incorporation and increasing participation of the marginal sectors of the population, in both rural
and urban areas, in the economic, social, civic, cultural, and political life of the nation, in order to achieve
the full integration of the national community, acceleration of the process of social mobility, and the
consolidation of the democratic system. The encouragement of all efforts of popular promotion and
cooperation that have as their purpose the development and progress of the community;

g) Recognition of the importance of the contribution of organizations such as labor unions, cooperatives,
and cultural, professional, business, neighborhood, and community associations to the life of the society
and to the development process;

h) Development of an efficient social security policy; and

i) Adequate provision for all persons to have due legal aid in order to secure their rights.
 Article 46

The Member States recognize that, in order to facilitate the process of Latin American regional
integration, it is necessary to harmonize the social legislation of the developing countries, especially in the
labor and social security fields, so that the rights of the workers shall be equally protected, and they agree
to make the greatest efforts possible to achieve this goal.

Article 47

The Member States will give primary importance within their development plans to the encouragement
of education, science, technology, and culture, oriented toward the overall improvement of the individual,
and as a foundation for democracy, social justice, and progress.

Article 48

The Member States will cooperate with one another to meet their educational needs, to promote
scientific research, and to encourage technological progress for their integral development. They will
consider themselves individually and jointly bound to preserve and enrich the cultural heritage of the
American peoples.

Article 49

The Member States will exert the greatest efforts, in accordance with their constitutional processes, to
ensure the effective exercise of the right to education, on the following bases:

a) Elementary education, compulsory for children of school age, shall also be offered to all others who
can benefit from it. When provided by the State it shall be without charge;

b) Middle-level education shall be extended progressively to as much of the population as possible, with
a view to social improvement. It shall be diversified in such a way that it meets the development needs of
each country without prejudice to providing a general education; and

c) Higher education shall be available to all, provided that, in order to maintain its high level, the
corresponding regulatory or academic standards are met.

Article 50

The Member States will give special attention to the eradication of illiteracy, will strengthen adult and
vocational education systems, and will ensure that the benefits of culture will be available to the entire
population. They will promote the use of all information media to fulfill these aims.

Article 51

The Member States will develop science and technology through educational, research, and
technological development activities and information and dissemination programs. They will stimulate
activities in the field of technology for the purpose of adapting it to the needs of their integral development.
They will organize their cooperation in these fields efficiently and will substantially increase exchange of
knowledge, in accordance with national objectives and laws and with treaties in force.

Article 52
 The Member States, with due respect for the individuality of each of them, agree to promote cultural
exchange as an effective means of consolidating interAmerican understanding; and they recognize that
regional integration programs should be strengthened by close ties in the fields of education, science, and
culture.

PART TWO

Chapter VIII

THE ORGANS

Article 53

The Organization of American States accomplishes its purposes by means of:

a) The General Assembly;

b) The Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs;

c) The Councils;

d) The Inter-American Juridical Committee;

e) The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights;

f) The General Secretariat;

g) The Specialized Conferences; and

h) The Specialized Organizations.

There may be established, in addition to those provided for in the Charter and in accordance with the
provisions thereof, such subsidiary organs, agencies, and other entities as are considered necessary.

Chapter IX

THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY

Article 54

The General Assembly is the supreme organ of the Organization of American States. It has as its
principal powers, in addition to such others as are assigned to it by the Charter, the following:

a) To decide the general action and policy of the Organization, determine the structure and functions of
its organs, and consider any matter relating to friendly relations among the American States;

b) To establish measures for coordinating the activities of the organs, agencies, and entities of the
Organization among themselves, and such activities with those of the other institutions of the inter-
American system;

c) To strengthen and coordinate cooperation with the United Nations and its specialized agencies;
d) To promote collaboration, especially in the economic, social, and cultural fields, with other
international organizations whose purposes are similar to those of the Organization of American States;

e) To approve the program-budget of the Organization and determine the quotas of the Member States;

f) To consider the reports of the Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs and the
observations and recommendations presented by the Permanent Council with regard to the reports that
should be presented by the other organs and entities, in accordance with the provisions of Article 91.f, as
well as the reports of any organ which may be required by the General Assembly itself;

g) To adopt general standards to govern the operations of the General Secretariat; and

h) To adopt its own rules of procedure and, by a twothirds vote, its agenda.

The General Assembly shall exercise its powers in accordance with the provisions of the Charter and of
other inter-American treaties.

Article 55

The General Assembly shall establish the bases for fixing the quota that each Government is to
contribute to the maintenance of the Organization, taking into account the ability to pay of the respective
countries and their determination to contribute in an equitable manner. Decisions on budgetary matters
require the approval of two thirds of the Member States.

Article 56

All Member States have the right to be represented in the General Assembly. Each State has the right to
one vote.

Article 57

The General Assembly shall convene annually during the period determined by the rules of procedure
and at a place selected in accordance with the principle of rotation. At each regular session the date and
place of the next regular session shall be determined, in accordance with the rules of procedure.

If for any reason the General Assembly cannot be held at the place chosen, it shall meet at the General
Secretariat, unless one of the Member States should make a timely offer of a site in its territory, in which
case the Permanent Council of the Organization may agree that the General Assembly will meet in that
place.

Article 58

In special circumstances and with the approval of two thirds of the Member States, the Permanent
Council shall convoke a special session of the General Assembly.

Article 59

Decisions of the General Assembly shall be adopted by the affirmative vote of an absolute majority of
the Member States, except in those cases that require a twothirds vote as provided in the Charter or as may
be provided by the General Assembly in its rules of procedure.

Article 60
 There shall be a Preparatory Committee of the General Assembly, composed of representatives of all the
Member States, which shall:

a) Prepare the draft agenda of each session of the General Assembly;

b) Review the proposed program-budget and the draft resolution on quotas, and present to the General
Assembly a report thereon containing the recommendations it considers appropriate; and

c) Carry out such other functions as the General Assembly may assign to it.

The draft agenda and the report shall, in due course, be transmitted to the Governments of the Member
States.

Chapter X

THE MEETING OF CONSULTATION OF

Article 61

The Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs shall be held in order to consider problems
of an urgent nature and of common interest to the American States, and to serve as the Organ of
Consultation.

Article 62

Any Member State may request that a Meeting of Consultation be called. The request shall be addressed
to the Permanent Council of the Organization, which shall decide by an absolute majority whether a
meeting should be held.

Article 63

The agenda and regulations of the Meeting of Consultation shall be prepared by the Permanent Council
of the Organization and submitted to the Member States for consideration.

Article 64

If, for exceptional reasons, a Minister of Foreign Affairs is unable to attend the meeting, he shall be
represented by a special delegate.

Article 65

In case of an armed attack on the territory of an American State or within the region of security
delimited by the treaty in force, the Chairman of the Permanent Council shall without delay call a meeting
of the Council to decide on the convocation of the Meeting of Consultation, without prejudice to the
provisions of the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance with regard to the States Parties to that
instrument.

Article 66
 An Advisory Defense Committee shall be established to advise the Organ of Consultation on problems
of military cooperation that may arise in connection with the application of existing special treaties on
collective security.

Article 67

The Advisory Defense Committee shall be composed of the highest military authorities of the American
States participating in the Meeting of Consultation. Under exceptional circumstances the Governments may
appoint substitutes. Each State shall be entitled to one vote.

Article 68

The Advisory Defense Committee shall be convoked under the same conditions as the Organ of
Consultation, when the latter deals with matters relating to defense against aggression.

Article 69

The Committee shall also meet when the General Assembly or the Meeting of Consultation or the
Governments, by a twothirds majority of the Member States, assign to it technical studies or reports on
specific subjects.

Chapter XI

THE COUNCILS OF THE ORGANIZATION

Common Provisions

Article 70

The Permanent Council of the Organization and the Inter-American Council for Integral Development
are directly responsible to the General Assembly, and each has the authority granted to it in the Charter and
other inter-American instruments, as well as the functions assigned to it by the General Assembly and the
Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs.

Article 71

All Member States have the right to be represented on each of the Councils. Each State has the right to
one vote.

Article 72

The Councils may, within the limits of the Charter and other interAmerican instruments, make
recommendations on matters within their authority.

Article 73

The Councils, on matters within their respective competence, may present to the General Assembly
studies and proposals, drafts of international instruments, and proposals on the holding of specialized
conferences, on the creation, modification, or elimination of specialized organizations and other inter-
American agencies, as well as on the coordination of their activities. The Councils may also present studies,
proposals, and drafts of international instruments to the Specialized Conferences.
 Article 74

Each Council may, in urgent cases, convoke Specialized Conferences on matters within its competence,
after consulting with the Member States and without having to resort to the procedure provided for in
Article 122.

Article 75

The Councils, to the extent of their ability, and with the cooperation of the General Secretariat, shall
render to the Governments such specialized services as the latter may request.

Article 76

Each Council has the authority to require the other Council, as well as the subsidiary organs and
agencies responsible to them, to provide it with information and advisory services on matters within their
respective spheres of competence. The Councils may also request the same services from the other agencies
of the inter-American system.

Article 77

With the prior approval of the General Assembly, the Councils may establish the subsidiary organs and
the agencies that they consider advisable for the better performance of their duties. When the General
Assembly is not in session, the aforesaid organs or agencies may be established provisionally by the
corresponding Council. In constituting the membership of these bodies, the Councils, insofar as possible,
shall follow the criteria of rotation and equitable geographic representation.

Article 78

The Councils may hold meetings in any Member State, when they find it advisable and with the prior
consent of the Government concerned.

Article 79

Each Council shall prepare its own statutes and submit them to the General Assembly for approval. It
shall approve its own rules of procedure and those of its subsidiary organs, agencies, and committees.

Chapter XII

THE PERMANENT COUNCIL OF THE ORGANIZATION

Article 80

The Permanent Council of the Organization is composed of one representative of each Member State,
especially appointed by the respective Government, with the rank of ambassador. Each Government may
accredit an acting representative, as well as such alternates and advisers as it considers necessary.

Article 81

The office of Chairman of the Permanent Council shall be held by each of the representatives, in turn,
following the alphabetic order in Spanish of the names of their respective countries. The office of Vice
Chairman shall be filled in the same way, following reverse alphabetic order.
 The Chairman and the Vice Chairman shall hold office for a term of not more than six months, which
shall be determined by the statutes.

Article 82

Within the limits of the Charter and of interAmerican treaties and agreements, the Permanent Council
takes cognizance of any matter referred to it by the General Assembly or the Meeting of Consultation of
Ministers of Foreign Affairs.

Article 83

The Permanent Council shall serve provisionally as the Organ of Consultation in conformity with the
provisions of the special treaty on the subject.

Article 84

The Permanent Council shall keep vigilance over the maintenance of friendly relations among the
Member States, and for that purpose shall effectively assist them in the peaceful settlement of their
disputes, in accordance with the following provisions.

Article 85

In accordance with the provisions of this Charter, any party to a dispute in which none of the peaceful
procedures provided for in the Charter is under way may resort to the Permanent Council to obtain its good
offices. The Council, following the provisions of the preceding article, shall assist the parties and
recommend the procedures it considers suitable for peaceful settlement of the dispute.

Article 86

In the exercise of its functions and with the consent of the parties to the dispute, the Permanent Council
may establish ad hoc committees.

The ad hoc committees shall have the membership and the mandate that the Permanent Council agrees
upon in each individual case, with the consent of the parties to the dispute.

Article 87

The Permanent Council may also, by such means as it deems advisable, investigate the facts in the
dispute, and may do so in the territory of any of the parties, with the consent of the Government concerned.

Article 88

If the procedure for peaceful settlement of disputes recommended by the Permanent Council or
suggested by the pertinent ad hoc committee under the terms of its mandate is not accepted by one of the
parties, or one of the parties declares that the procedure has not settled the dispute, the Permanent Council
shall so inform the General Assembly, without prejudice to its taking steps to secure agreement between the
parties or to restore relations between them.

Article 89
 The Permanent Council, in the exercise of these functions, shall take its decisions by an affirmative vote
of two thirds of its Members, excluding the parties to the dispute, except for such decisions as the rules of
procedure provide shall be adopted by a simple majority.

Article 90

In performing their functions with respect to the peaceful settlement of disputes, the Permanent Council
and the respective ad hoc committee shall observe the provisions of the Charter and the principles and
standards of international law, as well as take into account the existence of treaties in force between the
parties.

Article 91

The Permanent Council shall also:

a) Carry out those decisions of the General Assembly or of the Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of
Foreign Affairs the implementation of which has not been assigned to any other body;

b) Watch over the observance of the standards governing the operation of the General Secretariat and,
when the General Assembly is not in session, adopt provisions of a regulatory nature that enable the
General Secretariat to carry out its administrative functions;

c) Act as the Preparatory Committee of the General Assembly, in accordance with the terms of Article
60 of the Charter, unless the General Assembly should decide otherwise;

d) Prepare, at the request of the Member States and with the cooperation of the appropriate organs of the
Organization, draft agreements to promote and facilitate cooperation between the Organization of
American States and the United Nations or between the Organization and other American agencies of
recognized international standing. These draft agreements shall be submitted to the General Assembly for
approval;

e) Submit recommendations to the General Assembly with regard to the functioning of the Organization
and the coordination of its subsidiary organs, agencies, and committees;

f) Consider the reports of the Inter-American Council for Integral Development, of the Inter-American
Juridical Committee, of the InterAmerican Commission on Human Rights, of the General Secretariat, of
specialized agencies and conferences, and of other bodies and agencies, and present to the General
Assembly any observations and recommendations it deems necessary; and

g) Perform the other functions assigned to it in the Charter.

Article 92

The Permanent Council and the General Secretariat shall have the same seat.

Chapter XIII

THE INTER-AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR INTEGRAL DEVELOPMENT

Article 93
 The Inter-American Council for Integral Development is composed of one principal representative, of
ministerial or equivalent rank, for each Member State, especially appointed by the respective Government.

In keeping with the provisions of the Charter, the Inter-American Council for Integral Development may
establish the subsidiary bodies and the agencies that it considers advisable for the better performance of its
duties.

Article 94

The purpose of the Inter-American Council for Integral Development is to promote cooperation among
the American States for the purpose of achieving integral development and, in particular, helping to
eliminate extreme poverty, in accordance with the standards of the Charter, especially those set forth in
Chapter VII with respect to the economic, social, educational, cultural, scientific, and technological fields.

Article 95

In order to achieve its various goals, especially in the specific area of technical cooperation, the Inter-
American Council for Integral Development shall:

a) Formulate and recommend to the General Assembly a strategic plan which sets forth policies,
programs, and courses of action in matters of cooperation for integral development, within the framework
of the general policy and priorities defined by the General Assembly;

b) Formulate guidelines for the preparation of the program-budget for technical cooperation and for the
other activities of the Council;

c) Promote, coordinate, and assign responsibility for the execution of development programs and projects
to the subsidiary bodies and relevant organizations, on the basis of the priorities identified by the Member
States, in areas such as:

1) Economic and social development, including trade, tourism, integration and the environment;

2) Improvement and extension of education to cover all levels, promotion of scientific and
technological research, through technical cooperation, and support for cultural activities; and

3) Strengthening of the civic conscience of the American peoples, as one of the bases for the
effective exercise of democracy and for the observance of the rights and duties of man.

These ends shall be furthered by sectoral participation mechanisms and other subsidiary bodies and
organizations established by the Charter and by other General Assembly provisions.

d) Establish cooperative relations with the corresponding bodies of the United Nations and with other
national and international agencies, especially with regard to coordination of inter-American technical
cooperation programs.

e) Periodically evaluate cooperation activities for integral development, in terms of their performance in
the implementation of policies, programs, and projects, in terms of their impact, effectiveness, efficiency,
and use of resources, and in terms of the quality, inter alia, of the technical cooperation services provided;
and report to the General Assembly.

Article 96
 The Inter-American Council for Integral Development shall hold at least one meeting each year at the
ministerial or equivalent level. It shall also have the right to convene meetings at the same level for the
specialized or sectorial topics it considers relevant, within its province or sphere of competence. It shall
also meet when convoked by the General Assembly or the Meeting of Consultation of Foreign Ministers, or
on its own initiative, or for the cases envisaged in Article 37 of the Charter.

Article 97

The Inter-American Council for Integral Development shall have the nonpermanent specialized
committees which it decides to establish and which are required for the proper performance of its functions.
Those committees shall operate and shall be composed as stipulated in the Statutes of the Council.

Article 98

The execution and, if appropriate, the coordination, of approved projects shall be entrusted to the
Executive Secretariat for Integral Development, which shall report on the results of that execution to the
Council.

Chapter XIV

THE INTER-AMERICAN JURIDICAL COMMITTEE

Article 99

The purpose of the Inter-American Juridical Committee is to serve the Organization as an advisory body
on juridical matters; to promote the progressive development and the codification of international law; and
to study juridical problems related to the integration of the developing countries of the Hemisphere and,
insofar as may appear desirable, the possibility of attaining uniformity in their legislation.

Article 100

The Inter-American Juridical Committee shall undertake the studies and preparatory work assigned to it
by the General Assembly, the Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, or the Councils of
the Organization. It may also, on its own initiative, undertake such studies and preparatory work as it
considers advisable, and suggest the holding of specialized juridical conferences.

Article 101

The Inter-American Juridical Committee shall be composed of eleven jurists, nationals of Member
States, elected by the General Assembly for a period of four years from panels of three candidates
presented by Member States. In the election, a system shall be used that takes into account partial
replacement of membership and, insofar as possible, equitable geographic representation. No two Members
of the Committee may be nationals of the same State.

Vacancies that occur for reasons other than normal expiration of the terms of office of the Members of
the Committee shall be filled by the Permanent Council of the Organization in accordance with the criteria
set forth in the preceding paragraph.

Article 102

The Inter-American Juridical Committee represents all of the Member States of the Organization, and
has the broadest possible technical autonomy.
 Article 103

The Inter-American Juridical Committee shall establish cooperative relations with universities,
institutes, and other teaching centers, as well as with national and international committees and entities
devoted to study, research, teaching, or dissemination of information on juridical matters of international
interest.

Article 104

The Inter-American Juridical Committee shall draft its statutes, which shall be submitted to the General
Assembly for approval.

The Committee shall adopt its own rules of procedure.

Article 105

The seat of the Inter-American Juridical Committee shall be the city of Rio de Janeiro, but in special
cases the Committee may meet at any other place that may be designated, after consultation with the
Member State concerned.

Chapter XV

THE INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS

Article 106

There shall be an Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, whose principal function shall be to
promote the observance and protection of human rights and to serve as a consultative organ of the
Organization in these matters.

An inter-American convention on human rights shall determine the structure, competence, and
procedure of this Commission, as well as those of other organs responsible for these matters.

Chapter XVI

THE GENERAL SECRETARIAT

Article 107

The General Secretariat is the central and permanent organ of the Organization of American States. It
shall perform the functions assigned to it in the Charter, in other inter-American treaties and agreements,
and by the General Assembly, and shall carry out the duties entrusted to it by the General Assembly, the
Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, or the Councils.

Article 108

The Secretary General of the Organization shall be elected by the General Assembly for a five-year term
and may not be reelected more than once or succeeded by a person of the same nationality. In the event that
the office of Secretary General becomes vacant, the Assistant Secretary General shall assume his duties
until the General Assembly shall elect a new Secretary General for a full term.
 Article 109

The Secretary General shall direct the General Secretariat, be the legal representative thereof, and,
notwithstanding the provisions of Article 91.b, be responsible to the General Assembly for the proper
fulfillment of the obligations and functions of the General Secretariat.

Article 110

The Secretary General, or his representative, may participate with voice but without vote in all meetings
of the Organization.

The Secretary General may bring to the attention of the General Assembly or the Permanent Council
any matter which in his opinion might threaten the peace and security of the Hemisphere or the
development of the Member States.

The authority to which the preceding paragraph refers shall be exercised in accordance with the present
Charter.

Article 111

The General Secretariat shall promote economic, social, juridical, educational, scientific, and cultural
relations among all the Member States of the Organization, with special emphasis on cooperation for the
elimination of extreme poverty, in keeping with the actions and policies decided upon by the General
Assembly and with the pertinent decisions of the Councils.

Article 112

The General Secretariat shall also perform the following functions:

a) Transmit ex officio to the Member States notice of the convocation of the General Assembly, the
Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, the Inter-American Council for Integral
Development, and the Specialized Conferences;

b) Advise the other organs, when appropriate, in the preparation of agenda and rules of procedure;

c) Prepare the proposed program-budget of the Organization on the basis of programs adopted by the
Councils, agencies, and entities whose expenses should be included in the program-budget and, after
consultation with the Councils or their permanent committees, submit it to the Preparatory Committee of
the General Assembly and then to the Assembly itself;

d) Provide, on a permanent basis, adequate secretariat services for the General Assembly and the other
organs, and carry out their directives and assignments. To the extent of its ability, provide services for the
other meetings of the Organization;

e) Serve as custodian of the documents and archives of the interAmerican Conferences, the General
Assembly, the Meetings of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, the Councils, and the Specialized
Conferences;

f) Serve as depository of inter-American treaties and agreements, as well as of the instruments of

h) Establish relations of cooperation, in accordance with decisions reached by the General Assembly or
the Councils, with the Specialized Organizations as well as other national and international organizations.

Article 113

The Secretary General shall:

a) Establish such offices of the General Secretariat as are necessary to accomplish its purposes; and

b) Determine the number of officers and employees of the General Secretariat, appoint them, regulate
their powers and duties, and fix their remuneration.

The Secretary General shall exercise this authority in accordance with such general standards and
budgetary provisions as may be established by the General Assembly.

Article 114

The Assistant Secretary General shall be elected by the General Assembly for a fiveyear term and may
not be reelected more than once or succeeded by a person of the same nationality. In the event that the
office of Assistant Secretary General becomes vacant, the Permanent Council shall elect a substitute to hold
that office until the General Assembly shall elect a new Assistant Secretary General for a full term.

Article 115

The Assistant Secretary General shall be the Secretary of the Permanent Council. He shall serve as
advisory officer to the Secretary General and shall act as his delegate in all matters that the Secretary
General may entrust to him. During the temporary absence or disability of the Secretary General, the
Assistant Secretary General shall perform his functions.

The Secretary General and the Assistant Secretary General shall be of different nationalities.

Article 116

The General Assembly, by a two-thirds vote of the Member States, may remove the Secretary General
or the Assistant Secretary General, or both, whenever the proper functioning of the Organization so
demands.

Article 117

The Secretary General shall appoint, with the approval of the Inter-American Council for Integral
Development, an Executive Secretary for Integral Development.

Article 118

In the performance of their duties, the Secretary General and the personnel of the Secretariat shall not
seek or receive instructions from any Government or from any authority outside the Organization, and shall
refrain from any action that may be incompatible with their position as international officers responsible
only to the Organization
 Article 119

The Member States pledge themselves to respect the exclusively international character of the
responsibilities of the Secretary General and the personnel of the General Secretariat, and not to seek to
influence them in the discharge of their duties.

Article 120

In selecting the personnel of the General Secretariat, first consideration shall be given to
efficiency, competence, and integrity; but at the same time, in the recruitment of personnel of all
ranks, importance shall be given to the necessity of obtaining as wide a geographic representation as
possible.

Article 121

The seat of the General Secretariat is the city of Washington, D.C.

Chapter XVII

THE SPECIALIZED CONFERENCES

Article 122

The Specialized Conferences are intergovernmental meetings to deal with special technical matters or to
develop specific aspects of interAmerican cooperation. They shall be held when either the General
Assembly or the Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs so decides, on its own initiative or
at the request of one of the Councils or Specialized Organizations.

Article 123

The agenda and rules of procedure of the Specialized Conferences shall be prepared by the Councils or
Specialized Organizations concerned and shall be submitted to the Governments of the Member States for
consideration.

Chapter XVIII

THE SPECIALIZED ORGANIZATIONS

Article 124

For the purposes of the present Charter, InterAmerican Specialized Organizations are the
intergovernmental organizations established by multilateral agreements and having specific functions with
respect to technical matters of common interest to the American States.

Article 125

The General Secretariat shall maintain a register of the organizations that fulfill the conditions set forth
in the foregoing Article, as determined by the General Assembly after a report from the Council concerned.

Article 126
 The Specialized Organizations shall enjoy the fullest technical autonomy, but they shall take into
account the recommendations of the General Assembly and of the Councils, in accordance with the
provisions of the Charter.

Article 127

The Specialized Organizations shall transmit to the General Assembly annual reports on the progress of
their work and on their annual budgets and expenses.

Article 128

Relations that should exist between the Specialized Organizations and the Organization shall be defined
by means of agreements concluded between each organization and the Secretary General, with the
authorization of the General Assembly.

Article 129

The Specialized Organizations shall establish cooperative relations with world agencies of the same
character in order to coordinate their activities. In concluding agreements with international agencies of a
worldwide character, the Inter-American Specialized Organizations shall preserve their identity and their
status as integral parts of the Organization of American States, even when they perform regional functions
of international agencies.

Article 130

In determining the location of the Specialized Organizations consideration shall be given to the interest
of all of the Member States and to the desirability of selecting the seats of these organizations on the basis
of a geographic representation as equitable as possible.

PART THREE

Chapter XIX

THE UNITED NATIONS

Article 131

None of the provisions of this Charter shall be construed as impairing the rights and obligations of the
Member States under the Charter of the United Nations.

Chapter XX

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Article 132

Attendance at meetings of the permanent organs of the Organization of American States or at the
conferences and meetings provided for in the Charter, or held under the auspices of the Organization, shall
be in accordance with the multilateral character of the aforesaid organs, conferences, and meetings and
shall not depend on the bilateral relations between the Government of any Member State and the
Government of the host country.

Article 133

The Organization of American States shall enjoy in the territory of each Member such legal capacity,
privileges, and immunities as are necessary for the exercise of its functions and the accomplishment of its
purposes.

Article 134

The representatives of the Member States on the organs of the Organization, the personnel of their
delegations, as well as the Secretary General and the Assistant Secretary General shall enjoy the privileges
and immunities corresponding to their positions and necessary for the independent performance of their
duties.

Article 135

The juridical status of the Specialized Organizations and the privileges and immunities that should be
granted to them and to their personnel, as well as to the officials of the General Secretariat, shall be
determined in a multilateral agreement. The foregoing shall not preclude, when it is considered necessary,
the concluding of bilateral agreements.

Article 136

Correspondence of the Organization of American States, including printed matter and parcels, bearing
the frank thereof, shall be carried free of charge in the mails of the Member States.

Article 137

The Organization of American States does not allow any restriction based on race, creed, or sex, with
respect to eligibility to participate in the activities of the Organization and to hold positions therein.

Article 138

Within the provisions of this Charter, the competent organs shall endeavor to obtain greater
collaboration from countries not Members of the Organization in the area of cooperation for
development.

Chapter XXI

RATIFICATION AND ENTRY INTO FORCE

Article 139

The present Charter shall remain open for signature by the American States and shall be ratified in
accordance with their respective constitutional procedures. The original instrument, the Spanish, English,
Portuguese, and French texts of which are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the General
Secretariat, which shall transmit certified copies thereof to the Governments for purposes of ratification.
The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the General Secretariat, which shall notify the
signatory States of such deposit.
 Article 140

The present Charter shall enter into force among the ratifying States when two thirds of the signatory
States have deposited their ratifications. It shall enter into force with respect to the remaining States in the
order in which they deposit their ratifications.

Article 141

The present Charter shall be registered with the Secretariat of the United Nations through the General
Secretariat.

Article 142

Amendments to the present Charter may be adopted only at a General Assembly convened for that
purpose. Amendments shall enter into force in accordance with the terms and the procedure set forth in
Article 140.

Article 143

The present Charter shall remain in force indefinitely, but may be denounced by any Member State upon
written notification to the General Secretariat, which shall communicate to all the others each notice of
denunciation received. After two years from the date on which the General Secretariat receives a notice of
denunciation, the present Charter shall cease to be in force with respect to the denouncing State, which
shall cease to belong to the Organization after it has fulfilled the obligations arising from the present
Charter.

Chapter XXII

TRANSITORY PROVISIONS

Article 144

The Inter-American Committee on the Alliance for Progress shall act as the permanent executive
committee of the Inter-American Economic and Social Council as long as the Alliance is in operation.

Article 145

Until the inter-American convention on human rights, referred to in Chapter XV, enters into force, the
present InterAmerican Commission on Human Rights shall keep vigilance over the observance of human
rights.

Article 146

The Permanent Council shall not make any recommendation nor shall the General Assembly take any
decision with respect to a request for admission on the part of a political entity whose territory became
subject, in whole or in part, prior to December 18, 1964, the date set by the First Special Inter-American
Conference, to litigation or claim between an extracontinental country and one or more Member States of
the Organization, until the dispute has been ended by some peaceful procedure. This article shall remain in
effect until December 10, 1990.
*Signed in Bogotá in 1948 and amended by the Protocol of Buenos Aires in 1967, by the Protocol of
Cartagena de Indias in 1985, by the Protocol of Washington in 1992, and by the Protocol of Managua
in 1993.