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    Aidana Suleimenova
    Wilhelm von Humboldt is considered the founder of theoretical linguistics due to his concept of the "spirit of the people" which views language not just as a means of communication but as a factor that shapes national identity and worldview. Humboldt believed that different languages represent different visions of the world rather than just different names for the same concepts. The logical-grammatical school of linguistics developed in the 19th century based on the works of Karl Becker and was also represented in Russia by Nikolay Grech and Fyodor Buslaev. Psychology also became an important direction in linguistics, exemplified by Wilhelm Wundt and Alexander Potebnya who saw language as reflecting the national spirit.

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    семинар5

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    Aidana Suleimenova
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    Wilhelm von Humboldt is considered the founder of theoretical linguistics due to his concept of the "spirit of the people" which views language not just as a means of communication but as a factor that shapes national identity and worldview. Humboldt believed that different languages represent different visions of the world rather than just different names for the same concepts. The logical-grammatical school of linguistics developed in the 19th century based on the works of Karl Becker and was also represented in Russia by Nikolay Grech and Fyodor Buslaev. Psychology also became an important direction in linguistics, exemplified by Wilhelm Wundt and Alexander Potebnya who saw language as reflecting the national spirit.

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    Wilhelm von Humboldt is considered the founder of theoretical linguistics due to his concept of the "spirit of the people" which views language not just as a means of communication but as a factor that shapes national identity and worldview. Humboldt believed that different languages represent different visions of the world rather than just different names for the same concepts. The logical-grammatical school of linguistics developed in the 19th century based on the works of Karl Becker and was also represented in Russia by Nikolay Grech and Fyodor Buslaev. Psychology also became an important direction in linguistics, exemplified by Wilhelm Wundt and Alexander Potebnya who saw language as reflecting the national spirit.

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    9 views4 pages

    семинар5

    Uploaded by

    Aidana Suleimenova
    Wilhelm von Humboldt is considered the founder of theoretical linguistics due to his concept of the "spirit of the people" which views language not just as a means of communication but as a factor that shapes national identity and worldview. Humboldt believed that different languages represent different visions of the world rather than just different names for the same concepts. The logical-grammatical school of linguistics developed in the 19th century based on the works of Karl Becker and was also represented in Russia by Nikolay Grech and Fyodor Buslaev. Psychology also became an important direction in linguistics, exemplified by Wilhelm Wundt and Alexander Potebnya who saw language as reflecting the national spirit.

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    Questions for discussion at seminar session.

    1. Why is Wilhelm von Humboldt called the founder of theoretical linguistics?


    2. What ideas of Humboldt are especially important for modern linguistics?

    The concept of "spirit of the people" is one of the key concepts that Humboldt
    introduced: it is a certain quantity, knowledge about which is extracted from the
    language, while language is not only a means for comprehending it, but also a
    factor that creates it. Humboldt divides humanity into peoples not according to
    biological characteristics, but according to language. One of Humboldt's key ideas
    is that different languages are not so much different designations of the world
    around them, but different visions of this world. Each language is characterized by
    a definite, inherent only semantic division; therefore, it is the semantics of the
    language in which we speak, which serves as a kind of reference point in our ideas
    about things and phenomena of the surrounding reality. Mastering the native
    language at a very early age, long before osoz knowledge of reality, a person learns
    the very method of "handling" objects and phenomena of reality, which is
    "imposed" on him by the corresponding language. The internal form of the
    language fixes the peculiarities of the national worldview, the internal form is that
    purely individual way by which every nation is able to express its thoughts and
    feelings in language.

    Another of the most important theses of Humboldt is that language is not a product
    of human activity, a finished thing, ergon (Ergon), but activity itself - energy
    (Energeia), a living activity of the human spirit, the spirit of the people. Language
    is the force that makes a person human. Different languages are a reflection of
    some initial linguistic ability that was inherent in a person and which is actualized
    with the help of speaking itself, with the help of the speaker's activity. At the same
    time, a person who "awakens" this linguistic ability in himself and "activates" it
    during linguistic communication creates a language every time.

    3. How did Charles Darwin's ideas influence the development of linguistics in the
    century?

    4. What is the significance of the family tree theory for linguistics?

    5. How can you determine the place of the logical-grammatical direction in the
    history of the science of language?

    6. What eminent scientists represented the logical-grammatical direction?

    Coming from Aristotle and the Grammar of Port Royal, it survived and continued
    to develop in the 19th century. The founder of the logical-grammatical school is
    Karl Becker (1775-1849), who continued the traditions of the Port-Royal
    Grammar.

    The logical-grammatical direction in Russia appeared earlier and independently of


    Becker. Its outstanding representatives are Nikolay Ivanovich Grech (1787 - 1867),
    author of Practical Russian Grammar (1827) and Fyodor Ivanovich Buslaev
    (1818–1897), author of the books On Teaching the Russian Language (1844) and
    Experience of the Historical Grammar of the Russian Language (1858).

    F.I.Buslaev considered the sentence the center of the grammatical system. He


    created a logical teaching about the proposal and its members. He called the
    subject the subject of judgment, what they think about the subject - the predicate,
    and the judgment itself - the sentence.

    7. What is the significance of the psychological direction in the history of


    linguistics?

    If psychology is the science of the spirit in general, then the psychology of the
    people is the science of the national spirit. The spirit of the people is what makes
    the scattered multitude of individuals one nation. Living together and the
    associated impressions, feelings and desires lead to similar thoughts and a similar
    language. The largest representatives of this trend were the German psychologist
    Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) and outstanding Russian philosopher and literary
    historian, folklorist and dialectologist, ethnographer and linguist Alexander
    Afanasyevich Potebnya (1835–1891).

    List of recommended sources:

    1. Алпатов, В. М. История лингвистических учений [Текст] / В. М. Алпатов. –


    М. : Языки русской культуры, 1999. – 367 с.

    2. Амирова, Т. А. История языкознания [Текст] / Т. А. Амирова, Б. А.


    Ольховиков, Ю. В. Рождественский ; под ред. С. Ф. Гончаренко. – М. :
    Академия, 2010. – 670 с.

    3.Античные теории языка и стиля [Текст] /

    (Под общ. ред. О. М.Фрейденберг). – М. ; Л. : Огиз – Соцэкгиз. – 344 с.


    4. Березин, Ф. М. История лингвистических учений [Текст] / Ф. М. Березин.
    – М. : Высшая школа, 1975. – 304 с.

    5. Бокадорова, Н. Ю. Европейская языковедческая традиция [Текст] / Н. Ю.


    Бокадорова // Лингвистический энциклопедический словарь. – М. : Советская
    энциклопедия, 1990. – С. 146–147.

    6. Бокадорова, Н. Ю. Стоики [Текст] / Н. Ю. Бокадорова // Лингвистический


    энциклопедический словарь. – М. : Советская энциклопедия, 1990. – С. 495–
    496.

    7. Бокадорова, Н. Ю. Универсальные грамматики [Текст] Н. Ю.


    Бокадорова / // Лингвистический энциклопедический словарь. – М. :
    Советская энциклопедия, 1990. – С. 536–537. 8. Виноградов, В. А.
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    энциклопедический словарь. – М. : Советская энциклопедия, 1990. – С. 496–
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    9. Виноградов, В. В. История русских лингвистических учений [Текст] : учеб.


    пособие для филол. специальностей ун-тов / сост. Ю. А. Бельчиков ; пред. Ю.
    В. Рождественского. – М. : Высшая школа, 1978. – 367 с.

    10. Военец, К. В. Древнеиндийская традиция (грамматика Панини) и


    современное европейское языкознание [Текст] / автореф. дисс. … канд.
    филол. н. / К. В. Военец. – СПб. : СПбГУ, 2006. – 24 с.

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    П. Даниленко. – М. : Наука, 2009. – 270 с.

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    [Текст] / В.А.Звегинцев. – М. : Просвещение, 1964. – 468 с. a

    13. История лингвистических учений. Древний мир [Текст] / Отв. ред. А. В.


    Десницкая, С. Д. Кацнельсон. – Ленинград : Наука : Ленинградское
    отделение, 1980. – 260 с.

    14. История лингвистических учений. Позднее Средневековье [Текст] / Отв.


    ред. А. В. Десницкая. – СанктПетербург : Наука : Санкт-Петербургское
    отделение, 1991. – 265 с.

    15. История лингвистических учений. Средневековая Европа [Текст] / Отв.


    ред. А. В. Десницкая, С. Д. Кацнельсон. – Ленинград : Наука : Ленинградское
    отделение, 1985. – 290 с.
    16. История лингвистических учений. Средневековый Восток [Текст] / Отв.
    ред. А. В. Десницкая, С. Д. Кацнельсон. – Ленинград : Наука : Ленинградское
    отделение, 1981. – 306 с.

    17. Кондрашов, Н. А. История лингвистических учений [Текст] / Н. А.


    Кондрашов. – М. : Едиториал УРСС, 2004. – 224 с.

    18. Коровушкин, В. П. Дериватологическая мысль в истории языкознания.


    Конспект лекций по спецкурсу [Текст] / В. П. Коровушкин. – Череповец :
    Издательство ЧГУ, 2002. – 142 с.

    19. Лаэртский, Д. О жизни, учениях и изречениях знаменитых философов


    [Текст] / Д. Лаэртский. – М. : Мысль (АН СССР. Институт философии.
    Философское наследие), 1979. – 620 с.

    20. Лоя, Я. В. История лингвистических учений (материалы к курсу лекций)


    [Текст] / Я. В. Лоя. – М. : Высшая школа, 1968. – 310 с.

    21. Лукин, О. В. Дискуссия о частях речи и "Вопросы языкознания" в 1950–е


    годы [Текст] / О. В. Лукин // Вопросы языкознания, 2002. – № 1. – С. 35–47.
    22. Лукин, О. В. К обоснованиям общих и типологических проблем теории
    частей речи [Текст] / О. В. Лукин. – М. : Academia, 2003. – 228 с.

    23. Лукин, О. В. Части речи в античной науке (логика, риторика, грамматика)


    [Текст] / О. В. Лукин // Вопросы языкознания, 1999. – № 1. – С. 131–141.
    24. Лукин, О. В. Части речи в Средние века (предпосылки и контекст) [Текст]
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    25. Лыкова, Н. Н. История языкознания в текстах и лицах [Текст] /


    Н.Н.Лыкова. – М. : Флинта, 2010. – 192 с.

    26. Сусов, И. П. История языкознания [Текст] / И. П. Сусов. – М. : Восток –


    Запад, 2006. – 295 с.

    27. Хомский, H. Картезианская лингвистика. Глава из истории


    рационалистической мысли [Текст] / Н. Хомский. – М. : КомКнига, 2005. –
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