LEARNING GOALS:

At the of the lesson, the students should be

able to:
• discuss the role of science and technology in Philippines nation
building;
• explain how science and technology contribute to national
development; and
• identify science and technology policies of the government and
appraise their impact on the development of the Filipino nation.
 Aside from the inventions and discoveries mentioned last
meeting, there are a lot of Filipino inventions that you need to
know! However, you need to spend a lot of time to view all of
that. So, let us watch a short video about the Top 10 Filipino
inventions. Below is the link where we can find it.

Video No. 1: Top 10 Filipino Inventions -

Youtube
What is your thought after
watching the video? Isn’t it
amazing?
 As time progressed, advancements in
different inventions and discoveries took place.
These advancements do not just mean modern
living, but they also determine the socio-economic
status of a country. Thus, the more advanced
science and technology in a country, the higher its
socio-economic status will be.

Science and technology are the main

factors in a country’s development.
Economic advances and improvements in
health care systems, education, and
infrastructure are all dependent on the
scientific and technological revolutions.
 In the Philippines who do you think is/are responsible for
the economic programs of our country? Watch the video below
for you to know.

Video No. 2: NEDA – The National NEDA Story (2019) - YouTube

Economic and Development Authority
What is the role played by
NEDA in S&T and in nation-
building?
 In today’s time, we cannot ignore the
significance of science and technology in our everyday
lives.

Everything around us can be explained by

science- the air that we breathe, the food we eat, and
even the clothes we wear.

On the other hand, technology gave us tools

that we can manually use and electric devices that can
help us do our tasks conveniently.

Science and technology make our lives

simpler, faster, and easier.
 IMPACTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ON SOCIETY
1. Helps us save time and energy by giving us tools or devices that can make
our lives easier, simpler, and comfortable. Examples of these devices are
vacuum cleaners, washing machines, microwaves, rice cookers, electric
fans, air conditioning units, television sets, and computer units.
2. Helps us to easily get the information we need all over the world using the
World Wide Web. The World Wide Web does not only help us get the
information we want but also organize it and retrieve it whenever we want
to.
3. Improved transportation enables us to move from one place to another in a
faster way. Also, science and technology offer us different choices on how
we would like to travel by creating different types of vehicles that we can
use either by land, air, or water.
 IMPACTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ON SOCIETY

4. Improved our ways of communication using various electronic media

such as the internet; televisions; radios; computers; and smartphones.
5. Improved our education and learning process by integrating
technology. Schools today employ different technologies such as
smart boards; iPads; online learning also known as e-learning;
computer-simulation lessons; and online educational games to
motivate students.
 THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN
NATION-BUILDING
As we have discussed, progress in science and technology benefits society. Thus,
the socioeconomic status of a country is dependent on the advancements in science and
technology it has.
• Countries around the world are classified as developed and developing countries (Prieto,
Vega, Felipe & Meneses, 2019).
• The said classification is based on the country’s economy (output or products) and the
implementation of science and technology in improving health care and education.
• It is a well-known fact that countries that developed faster are the ones with a strong
foundation and well-implemented science and technology – which means that they are the
countries that invest more in science and technology to create tools or devices that will
uplift their country’s economic status.
 THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN
NATION-BUILDING
• Developed countries are known to be highly industrialized, examples are Japan;
Sweden, and France (Investopedia, 2019).
• On the other hand, developing countries are countries that put little emphasis and
importance on the development of science and technology. Developing countries
have poor developmental plans and policies specifically in health care and
education. Examples of developing countries are Nigeria; Mexico; and the
Philippines (Investopedia, 2019).
• So, what can a developing country do to keep abreast with the developed countries?
 a. Generation of new knowledge;

Developing
countries b. Focus on tasks that are nationally and globally
important and competitive areas of research that are

should multi-disciplinary in nature;

focus on the c. Produce research that is goal and result-oriented,

tangible, and significant; and
following:
d. Encourage scientists and technologists to be
committed to developing significant knowledge that is
scientific and technologically based that is of economic
importance to the nation (Prieto, Vega, Felipe & Meneses,
2019).
 THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE
DEVELOPING WORLD IN THE 21ST CENTURY
• Currently, advancements in science and technology are very evident.
• The use of fiber optics to speed up the transmission of data and
nanotechnology to transform businesses and industries to boost the economy
are only some of the evidence.
• With the continuous advancements in science and technology specifically in
the aspects of economy, medicine, and education, poor people in the
developing country can experience improved and better lives.
 To maximize the implementation of science and
technology, a developing country should invest on:

Quality of education;

Continuous improvement of the skills of the workforce by giving

appropriate training, seminars, and workshops; and

Ensuring that the discovered information or knowledge is widely

communicated or shared within and across the society.
 Do you see how important science and
technology are in nation-building?
• Scienceand technology are the driving factors for a nation’s
development.
• Science is a way of knowing how things will work with the help of
research; and Technology is a way of creating wealth for the nation,
inventing, discovering, or enhancing devices that will improve the
quality of life through health care and education.
• Together,
science and technology help in the transformation and
economic growth of a nation.
 PHILIPPINE POLICIES AND LAWS
PERTAINING TO SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
From the discussion above, it is very clear that science and
technology play a huge role in nation-building. Thus, to strengthen the
implementation of science, technology, and research development in a
country, its government must enact policies and laws.
 For the Philippines, below are the policies and laws
enacted by the Congress from 1958 to the present.
✓R.A. 2067 also known as the Science Act of 1958. An Act to Integrate,
Coordinate, and Intensify Scientific and Technological Research and
Development and To Foster Invention To Provide Funds therefore and for
other Purposes.
✓R.A 3589. An Act Amending R. A. 2027 Modifying the National Science
Development Board, National Institute of Science and Technology and the
Philippine Atomic Energy Commission, Extending Tax Exemption, Privileges
and Grants, Request and Donations for Scientific Purposes to Private
Educational Institutions and for other Purposes enacted June 22, 1963.
✓R. A. 5207 known as the "Atomic Energy Regulatory And Liability Act Of 1968”. An
Act Providing for the Licensing and Regulation Of Atomic Energy Facilities and Materials,
establishing the Rules Of Liability For Nuclear Damage and for other purposes. This act
was approved on June 15, 1968, to encourage, promote assist the development and use of
atomic energy for peaceful purposes as a means to improve the health and prosperity of
the inhabitants of the Philippines and to contribute and accelerate scientific,
technological, agricultural, commercial and industrial progress.
✓Presidential Decree No. 78, series of 1972 established the Philippine Atmospheric,
Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). Its main function is to
provide environmental protection and to utilize scientific knowledge to ensure the safety
of the people.
✓Presidential Decree No. 334, series of 1973 created the Philippine National Oil
Company to promote industrial and economic development through effective and efficient
use of energy resources.
✓Executive Order 128 known as the Reorganization Act Of The
National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA). Thus, NSTA was
replaced by the Department Of Science And Technology (DOST).
DOST is the premiere science and technology body in the country
charged with the twin mandate of providing central direction,
leadership and coordination of all scientific and technological
activities, and of formulating policies, programs, and projects to
support national development.
✓R. A. 8749 known as The Philippine Clean Air Act Of 1999 was
Enacted by Congress on June 23, 1999. The Clean Air Act is a
comprehensive air quality management policy and program which
aims to achieve and maintain healthy air for all Filipinos.
✓R.A. 8792 known as "Electronic Commerce Act Of 2000”. This Act aims to facilitate
domestic and international dealings, transactions, arrangements agreements,
contracts and exchanges and storage of information through the utilization of
electronic, optical, and similar mediums, modes, instrumentality, and technology to
recognize the authenticity and reliability of electronic documents related to such
activities and to promote the universal use of electronic transaction in the government
and public.
✓R. A. 9367 known as the "Biofuels Act Of 2006". This Act was enacted to develop
and utilize indigenous renewable and sustainable-sources clean energy sources to
reduce dependence on imported oil; mitigate toxic and greenhouse gas (GSG)
emissions; increase rural employment and income; and ensure the availability of
alternative and renewable clean energy without any detriment to the natural
ecosystem, biodiversity and food reserves of the country.
✓R. A. 9513 known as The “Renewable Energy Act Of 2008”. the aims of this act are to
accelerate the exploration and development of renewable energy resources such as, but
not limited to, biomass, solar, wind, hydro, geothermal and ocean energy sources,
including hybrid systems, to achieve energy self-reliance, through the adoption of
sustainable energy development strategies to reduce the country’s dependence on fossil
fuels and thereby minimize the country’s exposure to price fluctuations in the international
markets, the effects of which spiral down to almost all sectors of the economy; increase the
utilization of renewable energy by institutionalizing the development of national and local
capabilities in the use of renewable energy systems, and promoting its efficient and cost-
effective commercial application by providing fiscal and non-fiscal incentives; and
encourage the development and utilization of renewable energy resources as tools to
effectively prevent or reduce harmful emissions and thereby balance the goals of
economic growth and development with the protection of health and the environment.
✓R.A. 10175 known as the “Cybercrime Prevention Act Of 2012”. it aims to address legal
issues concerning online interactions and the internet in the Philippines.
✓R. A. 10612 known as the “Fast-Tracked S&T Scholarship Act Of 2013”. This is an Act
Expanding the Coverage of the Science and Technology (S&T) Scholarship Program And
Strengthening the Teaching of Science and Mathematics in Secondary Schools. Its main
objective is to strengthen the country’s science and technology education by fast-tracking
graduates in the sciences, mathematics, and engineering who shall teach science and
mathematics subjects in secondary schools throughout the country. Towards this end,
scholarships shall be provided to finance the education of talented and deserving
students in their third year of college, pursuing a degree or training in the areas of science
and technology, and to provide incentives for them to pursue a career in teaching in high
schools, especially in their home regions.
✓R. A. 10844 known as the “Department of Information and Communications
Technology (DICT) Act Of 2015”. This law shall strengthen its efforts on the following
focus areas: Policy and Planning; Improved Public Access; Resource-Sharing And
Capacity-Building; and Consumer Protection and Industry Development. Apart from this,
the DICT is expected to spearhead the following endeavors: Nation Building Through ICT;
Safeguarding of Information; and Advancement of ICT in the Philippines.
 MAJOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT PLANS
• The Science and Technology Master Plan (STMP)
This was the first development plan which was conceptualized and introduced by the
Presidential Task Force for Science and Technology in 1988 during the time of the late President
Corazon C. Aquino.
STMP aims to modernize the production sector, upgrade research activities, and the
development of infrastructure for science and technological purposes. Also, to examine and determine
which areas of research needed attention and must be given priority, a Research And Development
Plan was formulated.
In identifying which programs can be pursued under this STMP, the following criteria were
used: development of local materials; probability of success; potential of product in the export market;
and its strategic nature. The identified programs that met the criteria were: aquaculture, marine
fisheries, forestry, natural resources, process industry, food, feed industry, energy, transportation,
construction industry, information technology, electronics, instrumentation and control, emerging
technologies, and pharmaceuticals.
• Science and Technology Agenda for National Development (STAND)
This development plan was established in 1993 during the term of President Fidel V.
Ramos. This was formulated because of President Ramos’ perspective that science and
technology were one of the key factors in which the Philippines could achieve the status of a
New Industrialized Country (NIC).

The plan’s priority programs were:

1. Exporting winners identified by the DTI;
2. Domestic needs identified by the President’s Council for Countryside Development;
3. Support industries; and
4. Coconut industry development.
• National Science and Technology Plan (NSTP 2002-2020)
This development plan was prepared and organized by the
Department of Science and Technology (DOST) headed by Secretary
Estrella F. Alabastro. NSTP is a suggestive plan that the Philippine
government will follow in a 20-year period. It covers the visions, goals,
strategies, and area thrust and includes the medium-term element that
contains the specific strategic programs that DOST will pursue and
implement from 2002 to 2020. Thus, NSTP envisioned that:
By 2004, Science and Technology already played a significant role
in the improvement of national productivity and competitiveness and
greatly contributed in solving national crucial problems.
 By 2010, the Philippines should already have secured places in the global
market; be known to be a world-class knowledge provider and user in several areas of
science and technology; and have advanced but steady economic growth and improved
its people’s quality of life through proper utilization of science and technology.
By 2020, the Philippines should already develop extensive with high technology
content and globally competitive products and services.
The core areas for science and technology under the NSTP are agriculture,
forestry, and natural resources; health/medical sciences; biotechnology; information
and communication technology (ICT); microelectronics and mechatronics; earth and
marine sciences; fisheries and aquaculture; environment; natural disaster mitigation;
energy materials science and engineering; and manufacturing and process
engineering (Fernandez, 2002).
QUESTIONS? CLARIFICATIONS?