Cognitive Learning Theory

Cognitive Learning Theory
The Cognitive Learning Theory explores how people acquire knowledge, process information, and use it to
solve problems. It focuses on understanding internal mental processes, such as attention, memory, and
thinking, which play a crucial role in learning and development.
by Wahyu Ramadhan
Definition of Cognitive Learning Theory
The Cognitive Learning Theory, proposed by psychologist Jean Piaget, suggests that learning is an active
process where learners construct knowledge based on their experiences and previous knowledge. It
emphasizes the role of internal mental processes in understanding and organizing information.
Origin of Cognitive Learning Theory
The roots of Cognitive Learning Theory can be traced back to the work of Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget
in the early 20th century. Piaget's research on child development revealed how children actively construct
knowledge through hands-on experiences and interactions with their environment.
Main Characteristics of Cognitive
Learning Theory
Cognitive Learning Theory emphasizes the following main characteristics:
1 Active Learning 2 Social Interaction 3 Cognitive

Development
Learners actively engage Learning is enhanced
in the learning process, through social interaction It focuses on the
constructing knowledge and meaningful individual's cognitive
through exploration, discussions with others, development, recognizing
experimentation, and which help learners gain that learners' thinking
problem-solving. new perspectives and abilities and problem-
deepen their solving skills evolve over
understanding. time.
Learning Process in Cognitive Learning
Theory
1 Attention
Learners actively pay attention to the information presented, filtering out irrelevant stimuli
and focusing on what is important.
2 Encoding
They encode the information into their existing knowledge structures, connecting new
information with previous experiences to create meaningful associations.
3 Retention
Learners store the encoded information in their memory through rehearsal and repetition,
strengthening the neural connections for future retrieval.
Key Concepts in Cognitive Learning
Theory
Some important concepts in Cognitive Learning Theory include:
Schemas Assimilation Accommodation
Schemas are mental Assimilation occurs when Accommodation happens
frameworks that individuals learners incorporate new when learners modify their
use to organize and interpret information into existing existing schemas or create
information. They help schemas, adjusting their new ones to accommodate
learners make sense of new understanding based on the new information that doesn't
experiences by relating them similarities between what fit with their current
to existing knowledge. they already know and the understanding.
new information.
Application of Cognitive Learning
Theory in Education
Cognitive Learning Theory has various applications in the field of education:
Teachers can design activities that promote active learning, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills.
Encouraging social interaction and collaboration among students fosters better understanding and
retention of information.
Creating a supportive learning environment that allows students to explore and discover their own
understanding promotes cognitive development.
Limitations and Criticisms of Cognitive
Learning Theory
While Cognitive Learning Theory has contributed significantly to our understanding of human learning
and development, it has been criticized for its focus on individual cognition and limited emphasis on
socio-cultural factors that shape learning.
1 Reductionist
Approach
2 Neglect
Factors
of Emotional 3 Cultural Bias
Another criticism is that
Some critics argue that it The theory does not Cognitive Learning Theory
oversimplifies complex adequately address the is influenced by Western
learning processes, role of emotions in cultural values and may
reducing them to learning, which are not be universally
individual cognitive essential in motivating applicable.
activities without learners and influencing
considering the socio- their cognitive processes.
cultural context.

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Cognitive Learning Theory

1 Active Learning 2 Social Interaction 3 Cognitive

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