IMRAD FORMAT

Practical Research II
Mr. Marvin C. Rogando
I-INTRODUCTION
I-INTRODUCTION
M-METHODS
I-INTRODUCTION
M-METHODS
R-RESULT
I-INTRODUCTION
M-METHODS
R-RESULT
A-and
I-INTRODUCTION
M-METHODS
R-RESULT
A-and
D-DISCUSSION
RESEARCH ABSTRACT
 RESEARCH ABSTRACT
An summarizes, usually in one paragraph of 200
to 250 words or less the major aspects of the
entire paper in a prescribved sequence that
includes:
1) the overall purpose of the study and the
research problem (s) you investigated;
2) the basic design of the study;
3) major findings or trends found as a result of
your analysis;
4) a brief summary of your iterpretations and
conclusions.
RESEARCH ABSTRACT
 RESEARCH ABSTRACT
Your abstract should include the following:
 RESEARCH ABSTRACT
Your abstract should include the following:
1. Describe the general research problem, purpose
and objective
 RESEARCH ABSTRACT
Your abstract should include the following:
1. Describe the general research problem, purpose
and objective
2. Describe the participants and respondents of the
study.
 RESEARCH ABSTRACT
Your abstract should include the following:
1. Describe the general research problem, purpose
and objective
2. Describe the participants and respondents of the
study.
3. Describe the research method and design used.
 RESEARCH ABSTRACT
Your abstract should include the following:
1. Describe the general research problem, purpose
and objective
2. Describe the participants and respondents of the
study.
3. Describe the research method and design used.
4. Present the findings of the study.
 RESEARCH ABSTRACT
Your abstract should include the following:
1. Describe the general research problem, purpose
and objective
2. Describe the participants and respondents of the
study.
3. Describe the research method and design used.
4. Present the findings of the study.
5. Present the conclusion and recommendations
of the study.
IMRAD
 IMRAD
short, concise
 IMRAD
short, concise
the language will be plain, formal,
straight to the point and clear
 IMRAD
short, concise
the language will be plain, formal,
straight to the point and clear
no personal views, irrelevant
discussion
 IMRAD
short, concise
the language will be plain, formal,
straight to the point and clear
no personal views, irrelevant
discussion
no fanciful language
 IMRAD
short, concise
the language will be plain, formal,
straight to the point and clear
no personal views, irrelevant
discussion
no fanciful language
10 to 15 Page only
What is Research About?
 What is Research About?
Situational Context
 What is Research About?
Situational Context
TRENDS - In trends portion, discuss the relate
the present study to the ones previously
reported or conducted in research literature.
Situational Context
 Situational Context
Research GAP
In issue portion, state the necessity of the research
problem, including theoretical or practical
implication.
Show the CONFLICTS & GAP
Conflicts are usually two conflicting result that
have to address
GAP are potential areas that need to be explore
for the research areas that need to progress.
(Blank spots for qualitative
 Example: Research Gap
RESEARCH TITLE: The Effect of Multimodal Texts on
Reading Comprehension in English Subject of
Selected Junior High School
1. It is a notable research gap in understanding how the inclusion
of multimedia elements (such as images, videos, and
interactive graphics) in textual content affects their
comprehension abilities. Existing studies have primarily
focused on traditional text-based reading materials, but with
the increasing use of digital platforms and educational
technology, it is essential to investigate how the integration
of multiple modes of communication may influence reading
comprehension.
 Example: Research Gap
2. By addressing this research gap, scholars can
contribute to a more comprehensive
understanding of how modern educational
materials and technology can be optimized to
enhance reading comprehension in young
learners, potentially leading to more effective
teaching methods and improved literacy
outcomes.
Theoretical Framework
 Theoretical Framework
• State- what is the theory that your going
to use and who is the proponent of this
theory.
 Theoretical Framework
• State- what is the theory that your going
to use and who is the proponent of this
theory.

• Explain- what is the theory all about.

• Contextualize- the theory to the problem of
present study, simply write on how you plan to
use the theory on your study.
Conceptual Framework
 Conceptual Framework
Creating a well-structured conceptual framework is
essential in quantitative research as it provides a
clear and logical structure for your study. Here are
four steps to help you in writing a conceptual
framework:
 Conceptual Framework
Creating a well-structured conceptual framework is
essential in quantitative research as it provides a
clear and logical structure for your study. Here are
four steps to help you in writing a conceptual
framework:

1. Identify the Key Variables:

 Conceptual Framework
Creating a well-structured conceptual framework is
essential in quantitative research as it provides a
clear and logical structure for your study. Here are
four steps to help you in writing a conceptual
framework:

1. Identify the Key Variables:

2. Establish Relationships and Hypotheses:
 Conceptual Framework
Creating a well-structured conceptual framework is
essential in quantitative research as it provides a
clear and logical structure for your study. Here are
four steps to help you in writing a conceptual
framework:

1. Identify the Key Variables:

2. Establish Relationships and Hypotheses:
3. Develop a Visual Representation:
 Conceptual Framework
Creating a well-structured conceptual framework is
essential in quantitative research as it provides a
clear and logical structure for your study. Here are
four steps to help you in writing a conceptual
framework:

1. Identify the Key Variables:

2. Establish Relationships and Hypotheses:
3. Develop a Visual Representation:
4. Draw on Existing Theories and Literature:
Control Group Experimental Group

Non-Strategy Strategy Group

Group

PRE TEST POST TEST

Learning Learning
Gain Gain
 IV-DV MODEL
IV DV

Sleeping Level of Self-

Habits esteem
Time of Sleep Self-
Sleep acceptance
Satisfaction
Hours of Sleep
 IPO MODEL

According to Cristobal and Cristobal

(2017) this model is largely used when
researcher is attempt to isloate the
factor or the major variable that causes
the problem the subject or the
phenomenon under investigation.
 IPO MODEL
Example of Factor-isolating Questions
Categorize, Describe or Name and situations.
 IPO MODEL
Example of Factor-isolating Questions
Categorize, Describe or Name and situations.
Example:
1. How does the profile of the teacher-respondents
at Public Elementary School be describe in terms
of;
 IPO MODEL
Example of Factor-isolating Questions
Categorize, Describe or Name and situations.
Example:
1. How does the profile of the teacher-respondents
at Public Elementary School be describe in terms
of;
1.1 gender;
1.2 age;
1.3 educational attainment; and
1.4 leght of service
 IPO MODEL
Example:
1. What is the level of description of the
students’ study habits in terms of:

1.1. place of review;

1.2. review time; and
1.3. styles/technique in studying?
 IPO MODEL

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Profile of
the Collection Profile of
Respondents and analysis students
a. Age of data and
b. Gender and through
Strand questionnaire,
difficulties in
c. Economic
focus group Math
Satatus subject are
discussions,
Difficulties in and statistical identified
Math treatment
Subject
 Statement of the Problem

State General Problem

Statement of Specific
Problems
 Qualitative Research Study
TITLE: Issue and Problem in Implementation of
The K-12 in Public in The Senior High School Level
During Health Crisis
 Qualitative Research Study
TITLE: Issue and Problem in Implementation of
The K-12 in Public in The Senior High School Level
During Health Crisis

MAJOR PROBLEM: The Major Problem of the

study is to determine the issue and problem in
implementation of the K-12 in public school in the
senior high school level during health crisis.
 Qualitative Research Study
Specifically the study seek to answer the following problems:

Probing Question:
1. What issue and problem does program implementers
encounter with the implementation of the K-12 programs
in the public SHS during health crisis?
 Qualitative Research Study
Specifically the study seek to answer the following problems:

Probing Question:
1. What issue and problem does program implementers
encounter with the implementation of the K-12 programs
in the public SHS during health crisis?

Probing Question:
1. What is the experiences of program implementers in
employing K-12 programs amids health crisis?
2. What issues and problems does program implementers
in experienced during the implementation of K-12
program amids health crisis?
 Mixed Method
Specifically the study seek to answer the following problems:
1. How may the level of implementation of K-12 programs
during health crisis be describe in terms of the following
dimensions:
1.1 Curriculum
1.2 Faculty Complement
1.3 Physical Infrastructure
 Mixed Method
Specifically the study seek to answer the following problems:
1. How may the level of implementation of K-12 programs
during health crisis be describe in terms of the following
dimensions:
1.1 Curriculum
1.2 Faculty Complement
1.3 Physical Infrastructure
2. How may the perceived readiness of K-12 Programs
implementers in time of health crisis be describe in terms of
the following parameters:
2.1 Curriculum
2.2 Faculty complement
2.3 Physical infrastructure
 Mixed Method
3. Is there a significant relationship between
the implementation of K-12 programs during
health crisis and perceived readiness of K-12
programs implementers in time of health
crisis?
 Mixed Method
3. Is there a significant relationship between
the implementation of K-12 programs during
health crisis and perceived readiness of K-12
programs implementers in time of health
crisis?

3. What program intervention may be

develop based on the findings of the study?
Quantitative Research (Descriptive
Correlational
Quantitative Research (Descriptive
Correlational
TITLE: The Relationship of Using Social Media
on Exam Score in Practical Research 2 of the
Selected SHS S.Y. 2022-2023
Quantitative Research (Descriptive
Correlational
TITLE: The Relationship of Using Social Media
on Exam Score in Practical Research 2 of the
Selected SHS S.Y. 2022-2023

MAJOR PROBLEM: The Major Problem of the

study is to determine the relationship of using
social media on the exam score in PR 2
Qualitative Research Study (Descriptive
Correlational)
 Qualitative Research Study (Descriptive
Correlational)
Specifically the study seek to answer the following problems:

1.How may social media be describe in terms of the following

indicators:
1.1 Frequency use of social media
1.2 Time spent in social media
1.5 Purpose of using social media
2. What is the exam score in Practical Research 2 of the
respondents?
 Qualitative Research Study (Descriptive
Correlational)
Specifically the study seek to answer the following problems:

1.How may social media be describe in terms of the following

indicators:
1.1 Frequency use of social media
1.2 Time spent in social media
1.5 Purpose of using social media
2. What is the exam score in Practical Research 2 of the
respondents?
3. Is there a significant relationship between using of social
media and self-exam score in practical research Subject?
 Qualitative Research Study (Descriptive
Correlational)
Specifically the study seek to answer the following problems:

1.How may social media be describe in terms of the following

indicators:
1.1 Frequency use of social media
1.2 Time spent in social media
1.5 Purpose of using social media
2. What is the exam score in Practical Research 2 of the
respondents?
3. Is there a significant relationship between using of social
media and self-exam score in practical research Subject?
4. What program intervention may be develop based on the
findings of the study?
 Quantitative Research
(Experimental Research)
 Quantitative Research
(Experimental Research)
TITLE: The Effectiveness of Worm Castings
Fertilizer on Plant Growth
 Quantitative Research
(Experimental Research)
TITLE: The Effectiveness of Worm Castings
Fertilizer on Plant Growth
MAJOR PROBLEM: The Major Problem of the
study is to determine the effectiveness of
worm casting fertilizer on plant growth.
Qualitative Research Study (Experimental
Research)
 Qualitative Research Study (Experimental
Research)
Specifically the study seek to answer the following
problems:

1.What is the pretest of plant a growth without using worm

casting fertilizer?
 Qualitative Research Study (Experimental
Research)
Specifically the study seek to answer the following
problems:

1.What is the pretest of plant a growth without using worm

casting fertilizer?
2. What is the post-test of plant B growth in using casting
fertilizer?
 Qualitative Research Study (Experimental
Research)
Specifically the study seek to answer the following
problems:

1.What is the pretest of plant a growth without using worm

casting fertilizer?
2. What is the post-test of plant B growth in using casting
fertilizer?
3. Is there a significant difference between in pretest and
post-test using fertilizer?
 Qualitative Research Study (Experimental
Research)
Specifically the study seek to answer the following
problems:

1.What is the pretest of plant a growth without using worm

casting fertilizer?
2. What is the post-test of plant B growth in using casting
fertilizer?
3. Is there a significant difference between in pretest and
post-test using fertilizer?
4. What is the improve capstone project based on the result of
the study?
Null Hypothesis
 Null Hypothesis
NULL: There is no significant
difference in the pretest with the
posttest results in using (PRODUCT).
 Null Hypothesis
NULL: There is no significant
difference in the pretest with the
posttest results in using (PRODUCT).

NULL: There is no significant

relationship between IV and DV
Reserch Design and Method
Reserch Design and Method
Step 1: Define the Research Design
1. Clearly state the research problem or question:
Begin by stating the main objective of your
research, the specific problem you aim to address,
or the question you seek to answer.
Reserch Design and Method
Step 1: Define the Research Design
1. Clearly state the research problem or question:
Begin by stating the main objective of your
research, the specific problem you aim to address,
or the question you seek to answer.

2. Choose the research design: Decide on the

type of research design that best suits your
objectives. Common designs include
experimental, quasi-experimental, correlational,
descriptive, or mixed-methods research.
Reserch Design and Method
3. Specify the variables: Identify the
independent and dependent variables in
your study. If applicable, consider any
control variables or moderators that may
impact the relationship between the
variables.
Reserch Design and Method
Reserch Design and Method
Step 2: Develop the Methodology

1. Select the participants: Define your target population

and sample. Describe the sampling technique you will use
(random, stratified, convenience, etc.) and justify why it
is appropriate for your study.
Reserch Design and Method
Step 2: Develop the Methodology

1. Select the participants: Define your target population

and sample. Describe the sampling technique you will use
(random, stratified, convenience, etc.) and justify why it
is appropriate for your study.
2. Choose data collection methods: Decide on the
tools and instruments you will use to gather data
(surveys, interviews, observations etc.). Provide a
clear rationale for selecting these methods and
explain how they align with your research objectives.
 Participants
Define the Target
participants
like grade level strand and
research locale
Research Instrument
 Research Instrument
1. State the Instrument:
Clearly mention the name of the research
instrument used in your study. This could be a
questionnaire, survey, interview guide,
observation checklist, etc.
 Research Instrument
1. State the Instrument:
Clearly mention the name of the research
instrument used in your study. This could be a
questionnaire, survey, interview guide,
observation checklist, etc.
2. Explain the Instrument:
Provide a detailed explanation of the research instrument,
including its purpose and how it was designed. Discuss its
format, structure, and the types of questions or items it
contains. Mention the scale used for each item (e.g., Likert
scale). Explain how the instrument is relevant to the
research objectives and how it addresses the research
questions.
 Research Instrument
3. Include Number of Items and Sub-Variables:
Mention the total number of items or questions in the
research instrument. Additionally, if the instrument is
divided into sections or sub-scales, discuss these sub-
variables or indicators and explain how they relate to the
main research objectives.
 Research Instrument
4. Include Number of Items and Sub-Variables:
Mention the total number of items or questions in the
research instrument. Additionally, if the instrument is
divided into sections or sub-scales, discuss these sub-
variables or indicators and explain how they relate to the
main research objectives.

5. Instrument Validation:
The researchers validated the research instrument by
assessing its reliability and validity through pilot testing,
pre-testing, statistical analyses, and subsequent
modifications, ensuring alignment with the research
objectives and the statement of the problem for
accurate measurement of its intended purpose.
Data Gathering Procedure
 Data Gathering Procedure
Step 1: Describe the Data Collection
Methods
 Data Gathering Procedure
Step 1: Describe the Data Collection
Methods

Step 2: Outline the Data Collection

Process
Statistical Treatment
 Statistical Treatment
Step 1: Identify the Statistical Methods
 Statistical Treatment
Step 1: Identify the Statistical Methods
Step 2: Explain the Rationale
 Statistical Treatment
Step 1: Identify the Statistical Methods
Step 2: Explain the Rationale
Step 3: Describe the Analysis Process
 Verbal
Scale Interval
Interpretation

5 4.2 - 5 Very Satisfied

4 3.4 - 4.1 Satisfied

3 2.5 - 3.3 Nuetral

2 1.8 - 2.4 Unsatisfied

1 1.0 - 1.7 Very Unsatisfied