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    05 Tirumular

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    panniyin selvan
    Tirumular was a Tamil Shaivite mystic and writer considered one of the 63 Nayanmars saints. His main work was the Tirumantiram, a key text of Tamil Shaiva Siddhanta consisting of over 3000 verses. There is debate around when Tirumular lived, with estimates ranging from before the common era to the 11th-12th century CE. The text refers to other Tamil hymns but also uses late words, making its dating uncertain.

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    05 Tirumular

    Uploaded by

    panniyin selvan
    38 views17 pages
    Tirumular was a Tamil Shaivite mystic and writer considered one of the 63 Nayanmars saints. His main work was the Tirumantiram, a key text of Tamil Shaiva Siddhanta consisting of over 3000 verses. There is debate around when Tirumular lived, with estimates ranging from before the common era to the 11th-12th century CE. The text refers to other Tamil hymns but also uses late words, making its dating uncertain.

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    Tirumular was a Tamil Shaivite mystic and writer considered one of the 63 Nayanmars saints. His main work was the Tirumantiram, a key text of Tamil Shaiva Siddhanta consisting of over 3000 verses. There is debate around when Tirumular lived, with estimates ranging from before the common era to the 11th-12th century CE. The text refers to other Tamil hymns but also uses late words, making its dating uncertain.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    38 views17 pages

    05 Tirumular

    Uploaded by

    panniyin selvan
    Tirumular was a Tamil Shaivite mystic and writer considered one of the 63 Nayanmars saints. His main work was the Tirumantiram, a key text of Tamil Shaiva Siddhanta consisting of over 3000 verses. There is debate around when Tirumular lived, with estimates ranging from before the common era to the 11th-12th century CE. The text refers to other Tamil hymns but also uses late words, making its dating uncertain.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 17

    Tirumular

    Tirumular (also spelt Thirumoolar


    etc., originally known as
    Suntaranāthar) was a Tamil
    Shaivite mystic and writer,
    considered one of the sixty-three
    Nayanmars and one of the 18
    Siddhars. His main work, the
    Tirumantiram (also sometimes
    :
    written Tirumanthiram,
    Tirumandhiram, etc.), which
    consists of over 3000 verses,
    forms a part of the key text of the
    Tamil Shaiva Siddhanta, the
    Tirumurai.

    Tirumular

    Tirumurai
    :
    The twelve volumes of Tamil Śaiva hymns
    of the sixty-three Nayanars
    Parts Name Author
    1,2,3 ThirukadaikkappuSambandar
    4,5,6 Thevaram Thirunavukkarasar
    7 Thirupaatu Sundarar
    Thiruvasakam &
    8 Manickavasagar
    Thirukkovaiyar
    Thiruvisaippa &
    9 Various
    Tiruppallaandu
    10 Thirumandhiram Thirumular
    11 Various
    12 Periya Puranam Sekkizhar
    Paadal Petra Sthalam
    :
    Paadal Petra Sthalam
    Rajaraja I
    Nambiyandar Nambi

    Chronology
    The dates of Tirumular's life are
    controversial, and because his work
    makes reference to so many
    currents of religious thought, the
    dates that different scholars assign
    are often appealed to for anchoring
    the relative chronology of other
    literature in Tamil and Sanskrit.
    Verse 74 of the Tirumantiram
    :
    makes the claim that Tirumular
    lived for 7 yugams before
    composing the Tirumantiram.[1]

    Some are therefore inclined to


    place his composition well before
    the Common Era. The scholar and
    lexicographer S. Vaiyapuripillai,
    however, suggested that he
    probably belonged to the
    beginning of the eighth-century
    CE, pointing out that Tirumular
    could not very well be placed
    earlier given that he appears to
    :
    refer to the Tevaram hymns of
    Sambandar, Appar and Sundarar,
    that he used "very late words" and
    that he made mention of the
    weekdays.[2]

    Others wish to push the date still


    later: Dominic Goodall, for instance,
    appears to suggest, on the grounds
    of religious notions that appear in
    the work with Sanskrit labels for
    which a certain historical
    development can be traced in other
    datable works, that the
    :
    Tirumantiram cannot be placed
    before the 11th- or 12th-century
    CED.[3] Yet another view, alluded to
    for instance by Vaiyapuripillai
    (ibid.), is that the text may contain
    an ancient core, but with "a good
    number of interpolated stanzas" of
    later date. Whatever the case,
    allusions to works and ideas in the
    Tirumantiram cannot, at least for
    the moment, be used as useful
    indicators of their chronology.

    History
    :
    Sundara Nathar,[4] as the saint is
    known, was a Yogi originally from
    then Madurai (currently South
    madurai - Tamil Nadu) who
    travelled to Mount Kailaayam
    (Mount Kailash) and was initiated
    directly by Lord Sivan (Lord Shiva).
    After spending 5 years at Mount
    Kailaayam, he undertook a journey
    under the order of Sivan to
    Thamizhakam (Tamil homeland -
    ancient Tamil Nadu) to meet his
    contemporary sage friend Sage
    Agathiyar in Pothigai Hills (Pothiya
    :
    Malai of ancient Tamil land) and
    after meeting Agathiyar he went to
    Chidambaram, and after
    worshiping Lord Natarajar at the
    Nataraja Temple, he was about to
    return to Kailaayam, and while on
    his way, near Sathanur village (a
    village near Aaduthurai of Cauveri
    Delta area), he saw a group of cows
    crying. He went near the cows to
    discover that their cowherd,
    Moolan, was dead, having been
    bitten by a snake. He was very
    touched by the sight of the cows
    :
    that he wept in sorrow and decided
    to use his Oham (yogic power) and
    move his soul from his body to that
    of the dead cowherd's, leaving his
    own body inside a tree log. On
    waking up in the body of the
    cowherd, the cows became happy;
    then he navigated them to the
    village. He then returned to the
    place where he left his body, to
    return to his own body. To his
    surprise, his actual body had
    disappeared from the tree log, and
    was nowhere to be found. At this
    :
    moment, he heard a divine voice
    from the sky (Lord Sivan) who told
    him that he was the one who made
    his body to disappear. Lord Sivan
    told him he did that because Lord
    Sivan wanted Sundara Nathar to
    spread his teachings through the
    body of Moolan; this way, every
    common person would get
    enlightened through the
    knowledge spread in Moolan's
    body, because of the simple dialect
    of a cowherd man using the Tamil
    Language compared to Sundara
    :
    Nathar's own body which would
    have used an advanced and literary
    version of the Tamil language that
    would make it very difficult for the
    common people to understand and
    comprehend. Thus, from that day
    onwards he was known by the
    name of Thirumoolar (from Moolar,
    the name of the cowherd; the prefix
    Thiru means 'respected'). He was
    deeply immersed in thapam
    (meditation) under a peepul tree in
    Thiruvavaduthurai and received
    holy hymns in Tamil. Three
    :
    thousand holy hymns have been
    documented in the book called
    Tirumantiram. The exact years of
    these events are unknown.

    See also
    Agastya
    Kalangi Nathar
    Bogar
    Patanjali
    Thirumandhiram

    References
    :
    1. Tirumantiram A Tamil scriptural
    Classic. By Tirumular. Tamil Text
    with English Translation and
    Notes, B. Natarajan. Madras, Sri
    Ramakrishna Math, 1991, p.12.
    2. Vaiyapuripillai's History of Tamil
    Language and Literature (From
    the Beginning to 1000 A.D.),
    Madras, New Century Book
    House, 1988 (after the first
    edition of 1956), particularly
    footnote 1 on p.78.
    3. See pp.xxix-xxx in a Preface
    (entitled Explanatory remarks
    about the Śaiva Siddhānta and
    :
    its treatment in modern
    secondary literature) to The
    Parākhyatantra. A Scripture of
    the Śaiva Siddhānta, Dominic
    Goodall, Pondicherry, French
    Institute of Pondicherry and
    Ecole française d'Extrême-
    Orient, 2004.
    4. Tirumular (19 October 2016).
    Tirumantiram - A Tamil Scriptural
    Classic (https://books.google.co
    m/books?id=1nhQDQAAQBAJ&q
    =tirumular) .
    ISBN 9781365471681.

    External links
    :
    Thirumanthiram with Tamil
    explanation (http://www.tamilvu.
    org/library/l4100/html/l41A0ind.
    htm) — Tamil version of
    Thirumanthiram
    Tirumantiram (http://www.himala
    yanacademy.com/resources/boo
    ks/tirumantiram/TableOfContent
    s.html) — English version of
    Thirumanthiram

    Retrieved from
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
    title=Tirumular&oldid=1169775287"
    :
    This page was last edited on 11 August
    2023, at 05:52 (UTC). •
    Content is available under CC BY-SA
    4.0 unless otherwise noted.
    :

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