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    Limits

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    Fransjie
    The document discusses the concept of limits in calculus and analysis. A limit describes the behavior of a function or sequence as it approaches a specific value. The limit is denoted as the function f(x) approaches L as x approaches c. Important limit theorems are also outlined, such as the limit of a sum being the sum of the individual limits, the limit of a product being the product of the individual limits, and the limit of a constant function being equal to the constant. Practice problems for evaluating limits are also provided.

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    Limits

    Uploaded by

    Fransjie
    15 views2 pages
    The document discusses the concept of limits in calculus and analysis. A limit describes the behavior of a function or sequence as it approaches a specific value. The limit is denoted as the function f(x) approaches L as x approaches c. Important limit theorems are also outlined, such as the limit of a sum being the sum of the individual limits, the limit of a product being the product of the individual limits, and the limit of a constant function being equal to the constant. Practice problems for evaluating limits are also provided.

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    The document discusses the concept of limits in calculus and analysis. A limit describes the behavior of a function or sequence as it approaches a specific value. The limit is denoted as the function f(x) approaches L as x approaches c. Important limit theorems are also outlined, such as the limit of a sum being the sum of the individual limits, the limit of a product being the product of the individual limits, and the limit of a constant function being equal to the constant. Practice problems for evaluating limits are also provided.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    15 views2 pages

    Limits

    Uploaded by

    Fransjie
    The document discusses the concept of limits in calculus and analysis. A limit describes the behavior of a function or sequence as it approaches a specific value. The limit is denoted as the function f(x) approaches L as x approaches c. Important limit theorems are also outlined, such as the limit of a sum being the sum of the individual limits, the limit of a product being the product of the individual limits, and the limit of a constant function being equal to the constant. Practice problems for evaluating limits are also provided.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Topics: Limits

    The concept of the limit of a variable is a fundamental idea in calculus and real analysis. It is used to describe the
    behavior of a function or sequence as it approaches a particular point or value. The limit of a variable is denoted as
    follows:
    lim f ( x )=L
    x →c
    Here is what each component means:
     : This notation represents the limit as the variable x approaches a specific value c.
     f (x) : This is the function or expression that depends on the variable x.
     L : This is the value that the function or sequence approaches as x gets closer and closer to a.
    The concept of a limit addresses questions like:
    1. What value does a function get arbitrarily close to as its input approaches a certain point?
    2. How does a function behave as it gets very close to a particular value?
    3. Does a sequence of numbers have a limit as the index (n) approaches infinity?
    Limits are used to define important concepts in calculus, such as continuity, derivatives, and integrals. They are also
    essential for understanding the behavior of functions and sequences in various mathematical and scientific contexts.
    The limit concept helps mathematicians and scientists describe and analyze the behavior of variables and functions in
    situations where the behavior is not immediately obvious or cannot be determined by direct substitution. It allows for
    precise reasoning about how things change and approach specific values in the limit.
    The concept of limits is closely related to the distinction between continuous and discrete data. Here is how:
    1. Continuous Data and Limits: Continuous data is typically associated with variables that can take on an infinite
    number of values within a given range. When we talk about the limit of a continuous variable, we are interested
    in how the variable behaves as it approaches a specific point or value. For example, if you have a continuous
    variable like temperature, you can examine the limit as it approaches a particular temperature value.
    2. Continuous Data and Limits: Continuous data is typically associated with variables that can take on an infinite
    number of values within a given range. When we talk about the limit of a continuous variable, we are interested
    in how the variable behaves as it approaches a specific point or value. For example, if you have a continuous
    variable like temperature, you can examine the limit as it approaches a particular temperature value.
    In calculus, there are several important theorems related to limits that help us understand and evaluate limits in various
    contexts. Some of the most well-known limit theorems include:

    1. Limit of a Constant: The limit of a constant is equal to that constant. In other words, if c is a constant, then
    lim c = c
    x→ a

    Example 1: lim 5= 5 Example 2: lim −3= -3 Example 3: lim π= π


    x →2 x →0 x →1

    2. Limit of a Sum/Difference: The limit of the sum or difference of two functions is equal to the sum or difference
    of their limits. Mathematically, if lim f ( x )=L and lim g ( x )=M , then lim ¿ ¿
    x →a x →a x →a

    Example 1: lim (2 x+ 1)=lim 2 x+ lim 1=6+1=7


    x →3 x→3 x→ 3
    2 2
    Example 2: lim ( x −x )=lim x −lim x=0−0=0
    x →0 x→ 0 x→0

    Example 3: lim (3 x−5)=lim 3 x−lim 5=6+1=6−5=1


    x →2 x →2 x→ 2

    3. Limit of a Product: The limit of the product of two functions is equal to the product of their limits.
    Mathematically if lim f (x )=L∧lim g ( x )=M , then lim [f ( x ) ∙ g ( x ) ]=LM
    x →a x→a x →a

    Example 1: lim (2 x ∙¿3 x)=lim 2 x ∙=lim 2 x ∙ lim 3 x=8 ∙12=96 ¿


    x→ 4 x→4 x→4 x→ 4
    2 2
    Example 2: lim (x −4 x)= lim x ∙ lim 4 x=1∙−4=−4
    x→−1 x →−1 x→−1
    1 2 2 1 1
    Example 3: lim (5 x ∙ x)=lim 5 x ∙ lim x=5 ∙ =2.5
    x →1 2 x →1 x→ 1 2 2
    4. Limit of a Quotient: The limit of the quotient of two functions is equal to the quotient of their limits, provided
    that the limit of the denominator is not zero. Mathematically,
    f (x) L
    if lim f ( x )=L∧lim f ( g ) =M ( with M ≠ 0 ) , then lim = .
    x →a x→a x →a g (x) M
    2
    lim x
    x2 x→ 2 4
    Example 1: lim = =
    x →2 x +1 lim x +1 3
    x→2
    3
    x −27
    Example 2: lim =lim (x−3)¿ ¿ ¿
    x →3 x−3 x→ 2
    5. Limit of a Power: The limit of a power of a function is equal to the power of the limit of that function.
    Mathematically, if lim f ( x )=L , thenlim ¿ ¿ ¿ for any real number n.
    x →a x→ a

    Example 1: lim ( x ¿¿ 3)=1 ¿= 1


    3
    lim ¿ ¿ = 2
    Example 2: x→−2
    x →1

    Practice Exercises: Evaluate the following limits.


    2
    2 x −1
    1. lim ( x ¿¿ 3¿+ x )¿ ¿ 2. lim ( x ¿¿ 2¿+1)¿ ¿ 3. lim 5 x 4. lim
    x→ 4 x+ 1
    x→ 4 x→ 4 x→ 4
    2
    lim ¿ ¿+5 x 4−4 x 3 +3 x 2−2 x+ 1 lim ¿ ¿+5 x+ 1¿ x +4 x −12
    5. x→−1 6. x→−1 7. lim 2
    x →2 x −2 x
    2
    6 x −19 x−77
    8. lim 2
    x→−2 3 x +22 x +35

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