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    EAPP Melc 2 Handouts

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    Lailanie Dumangia
    This document discusses text structure and the six common patterns of organization: 1) Chronological, 2) Cause and effect, 3) Compare and contrast, 4) Problem and solution, 5) Sequence, and 6) Spatial/descriptive. It defines each pattern and provides examples and signal words to help identify each structure. The key points are that text structure refers to how information is organized internally in a text, authors use certain structures to communicate their ideas, and identifying the structure and signal words can help understand how a text is organized.

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    EAPP Melc 2 Handouts

    Uploaded by

    Lailanie Dumangia
    38 views3 pages
    This document discusses text structure and the six common patterns of organization: 1) Chronological, 2) Cause and effect, 3) Compare and contrast, 4) Problem and solution, 5) Sequence, and 6) Spatial/descriptive. It defines each pattern and provides examples and signal words to help identify each structure. The key points are that text structure refers to how information is organized internally in a text, authors use certain structures to communicate their ideas, and identifying the structure and signal words can help understand how a text is organized.

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    This document discusses text structure and the six common patterns of organization: 1) Chronological, 2) Cause and effect, 3) Compare and contrast, 4) Problem and solution, 5) Sequence, and 6) Spatial/descriptive. It defines each pattern and provides examples and signal words to help identify each structure. The key points are that text structure refers to how information is organized internally in a text, authors use certain structures to communicate their ideas, and identifying the structure and signal words can help understand how a text is organized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    38 views3 pages

    EAPP Melc 2 Handouts

    Uploaded by

    Lailanie Dumangia
    This document discusses text structure and the six common patterns of organization: 1) Chronological, 2) Cause and effect, 3) Compare and contrast, 4) Problem and solution, 5) Sequence, and 6) Spatial/descriptive. It defines each pattern and provides examples and signal words to help identify each structure. The key points are that text structure refers to how information is organized internally in a text, authors use certain structures to communicate their ideas, and identifying the structure and signal words can help understand how a text is organized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    English for Academic & Professional Purposes

    Lesson 2: What is Text Structure?

    It is how information in a passage is organized.

    Text Structure refers to the internal organization of a text. As authors write a text to
    communicate an idea, they will use a structure that goes along with the idea (Meyer,1985).

    Six common patterns of organization:

    1. Chronological
    2. Cause and effect
    3. Compare and contrast
    4. Problem and solution
    5. Sequence
    6. Spatial / Descriptive

    1. Chronological – information is organized in order of time.


    Chrono = time Logic = order
    Ex.

    Jack and Jill ran up Jack fell down Jill came


    the hill to fetch a pail and broke his tumbling after.
    of water. crown.

    All stories are told chronologically.


    Signal words: shortly, since, second, third, immediately and etc.

    2. Cause and Effect – an action and its result are explained.

    CAUSE EFFECT

    Students did not learn the


    material.

    •Don’t confuse with chronologic al.


    •Won’t have a beginning, middle and end.
    •Time won’t progress much.

    Signal words: (Causes – because, due to, for this reason, if this, etc.)
    (Effects – as a result, consequently, hence, resulting, since,therefore etc.)

    3. Compare and Contrast- tells how two things are similar and different.

    Signal words: (Comparison –also, as well as, both, compared to, in comparison,similarly, and
    etc.) (Contrast – although, on the contrary, on the other hand, in spite of,unlike and etc.)
    4. Problem and Solution - a problem and answer are suggested.
    Solution

    •Don’t confuse with cause and effect.


    •It is presented as a PROBLEM.
    Signal words: answer, challenge, improve, respond, suggest and etc.

    5. Sequence / Process Writing – information is listed step - by- step


    and explains how to do it or how it happens.

    Signal words: next, later, last, finally, in the end, at first and etc.

    6. Spatial / Descriptive Writing – describes something in order of space


    describes how something looks.

    Two windows on the West Wall A television across from the bed

    A bed in the middle A closet by the TV

    Signal words: above, adjacent to, away, below, behind, nearby, toward

    Tips to identify the organization of the text:

    1.Ask, “what is the author doing in this paragraph?” Put it in your own words.

    2.Have a hunch? Use the graphic organizer to see if the information fits.

    3.Look for signal words

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