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    Plurais

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    Inês Olívia
    The document discusses plural formation in Portuguese. It outlines 5 groups of variable words that change to match number: nouns, pronouns, determiners, adjectives, and verbs. The groups are defined by their endings and how plurals are formed. Common suffixes added to make words plural are listed. Exceptions to the rules and words that stay the same in both singular and plural are also noted. Examples are provided to illustrate pluralization.

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    Plurais

    Uploaded by

    Inês Olívia
    31 views5 pages
    The document discusses plural formation in Portuguese. It outlines 5 groups of variable words that change to match number: nouns, pronouns, determiners, adjectives, and verbs. The groups are defined by their endings and how plurals are formed. Common suffixes added to make words plural are listed. Exceptions to the rules and words that stay the same in both singular and plural are also noted. Examples are provided to illustrate pluralization.

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    The document discusses plural formation in Portuguese. It outlines 5 groups of variable words that change to match number: nouns, pronouns, determiners, adjectives, and verbs. The groups are defined by their endings and how plurals are formed. Common suffixes added to make words plural are listed. Exceptions to the rules and words that stay the same in both singular and plural are also noted. Examples are provided to illustrate pluralization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views5 pages

    Plurais

    Uploaded by

    Inês Olívia
    The document discusses plural formation in Portuguese. It outlines 5 groups of variable words that change to match number: nouns, pronouns, determiners, adjectives, and verbs. The groups are defined by their endings and how plurals are formed. Common suffixes added to make words plural are listed. Exceptions to the rules and words that stay the same in both singular and plural are also noted. Examples are provided to illustrate pluralization.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    Plurais

    Plurals in Portuguese

    Invariable Words

    The invariable classes of words (that don’t change to match gender and/or number) are:

    1. Advérbios (adverbs) - Adverbs generally modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs,


    clarifying or intensifying their meaning (ex: mais)
    2. Preposições (prepositions) - Prepositions connect different words in a sentence
    (ex: para)
    3. Conjunções (conjunctions) - Conjunctions connect different clauses of a sentence
    (ex: e)
    4. Interjeições (interjections) - Interjections are filler words or words that express a strong,
    abrupt feeling (ex: Ufa!)

    Variable Words

    The variable classes of words (that do change to match gender and/or number) are:

    1. Nomes - Nouns represent people, places, things, or ideas (ex: gato)


    2. Pronomes - Pronouns replace nouns in a sentence (ex: meu)
    3. Determinantes - Determiners precede a noun and help clarify the
    context. Includes articles, quantifiers, etc (ex: estes)
    4. Adjetivos - Adjectives indicate the attributes of a noun (ex: pequena)
    5. Verbos - Verbs describe actions and states and locate them in time (ex: ir)
    6. Numerais - Numerals express quantities and orders. Some are variable and others are
    invariable (ex: duas)
    GRUPO 1
    Add -s after a vowel or diphtong
    Words that end in a vowel become plural by simply adding an -s to the end

    carro carros casa casas mãe mães

    GRUPO 2
    Replace -ão with -ões, -ãos, -ães
    Here’s the exception to the previous rule. Words that end in -ão are tricky because there are 3
    different possible endings for plurals: –ões, –ãos, or –ães. When in doubt, the -ões ending is
    much more common. There is not a straightforward rule to know when to choose the other 2
    options, so it’s one of those things you’ll pick up over time. Here are some examples of the
    variations:

    leão leões mão mãos cão cães

    avião aviões irmão irmãos pão pães

    GRUPO 3
    Add -es after -n, -r, -s, -z
    Words that end in -n, -r, -s and -z become plural by adding -es at the end:

    país países feliz felizes cicatriz cicatrizes

    GRUPO 4
    Add -ns after -m
    Words that end in -m become plural by replacing the -m with -ns

    homem homens nuvem nuvens álbum álbuns

    GRUPO 5
    Replace -L with -is
    Words ending in -L become plural by replacing the -l with -is. Additionally, if the last syllable
    is stressed and has an E or O vowel, an acute accent (´ ) is added. Nouns ending in -il, that
    is, they form the plural with either -is or -eis depending if the word is stressed on the last or
    next-to-last syllable respectively:

    animal animais papel papéis farol faróis


    EXCEPTIONS
    It’s less common, but certain words that end in -s do not change. In other words, they are
    the same in both the singular and plural forms (similar to the word sheep in English: one
    sheep, many sheep). The only part that changes in Portuguese would be any variable words
    that go with it, such as definite articles (e.g. o vs. os). Examples:

    o lápis os lápis o vírus os vírus

    Similarly, some words do not have a singular form, so you will always hear them as plural,
    such as:

    as costas as calças parabéns

    VAMOS PRATICAR
    1
    maçã gás francês

    lei canal trabalhador

    balão anzol essencial

    coração funil cruel

    capitão fóssil gentil

    alemão réptil parede

    opinião viagem tesoura

    jardim ordem bom

    som jovem tubarão

    mulher divisão melão

    raíz razão estendal

    cruz azul fiel

    mar automóvel camarão

    mês portátil mãe


    2 Completa o quadro com o plural destes nomes. Segue o exemplo:
    anzol lençol plural canil sol pastel cantil fóssil

    farol funil telemóvel jornal nível papel animal pincel

    -ais -éis -eis -is -óis

    3 Completa o texto com o plural dos nomes fornecidos:

    Quando éramos __________ (criança), costumávamos passar os __________ (verão) nas


    __________ (praia) do Norte de Portugal. O que mais nos impressionava era o tamanho dos
    __________ (farol) e as __________ (onda) gigantes que batiam nas __________ (rocha). De
    __________ (calção), __________ (sandália) e __________ (chapéu) ou __________ (boné),
    havia sempre __________ (razão) de sobra para mais umas __________ (saída), uns
    __________ (gelado) ou uns __________ (mergulho) nas __________ (água) dos __________
    (rio) ou dos __________ (canal). E depois, a alegria dos __________ (farnel), das __________
    (reunião) de família e dos __________ (festival) de verão!
    Soluções:
    Ex.1
    maçãs; leis; balões; corações; capitães; alemães; opiniões; jardins; sons; mulheres; raízes; cruzes; mares; meses;
    gases; canais; anzóis; funis; fósseis; répteis; viagens; ordens; jovens; divisões; razões; azuis; automóveis;
    portáteis; franceses; trabalhadores; essenciais; cruéis; gentis; paredes; tesouras; bons; tubarões; melões;
    estendais; fiéis; camarões; mães
    Ex.2
    -ais: plurais, jornais, animais
    -éis: papéis, pastéis, pincéis
    -eis: telemóveis, níveis, fósseis
    -is: funis, canis, cantis
    -óis: anzóis, faróis, lençóis, sóis
    Ex.3
    crianças; verões; praias; faróis; ondas; rochas; calções; sandálias; chapéus; bonés; razões; saídas; gelados;
    mergulhos; águas; rios; canais; farnéis; reuniões; festivais

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