The Aristocracy of Southern India

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'
The
ARlSTOChACY
ilP^
OF
SOUTHERN INDIA
BY
A.
VADIVELU,
Late Sub'Editor, "Evening Mtfil,"
Tutor of Oriental Languages to Civil and Military Officers,

Autlior of
"Some Mysore
and
Worthies,"
" Two Worthies of Southern
India,
'
PRINTED BY VEST AND
CO., II,
MOUNT ROAD.
^
i'JOiS,
[All Rights Reserved.l
.^K^^ÔC
A LOYAL WELCOME GIFT

TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS
1
THE DUKE OF CONNAUGHT

IN
MEMORY OF
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS' VISIT

TO
INDIA
BY
'
A.
VADIVELU.
^lJ<3^"-^0^
S^s^
am
greatly indebted to
my
friend
Mr. S. Gnanamuttu,
B.A., L.T.,
afthe Madi-as Christian College, for the valuable help
he has rendered me in correcting the proofs when the sheets I am thankful to my Printers \Yere passing through the press. for the neat execution of their work, and Messrs. Wiele and
Klein for the blocks they have made.
have experienced considerable

of these records
difficulty
in
translating
illegi-
most
from
different
languages and from
ble vernacular manuscripts,
and
fully trust that this
attempt to
serve the public will meet with an encouraging reception.
Madras,
1st
A.
VADIVELU.
January, ^,903
\ \
I.
A.
VADIVELU,
>
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Pages.
I.
H. H. THE Nawab OF Banganapalli, C.S.I. H. H. THE Maharajah of Bobbili

...
to
32
II.
33
to
62 79
III.
H. H. the Maharajah of Jeypore

H. H. the Rajah of Palavancha and
...
63
to
IV.
Bhadrachalam
V.
...
7ga to
79!
H. H. the Rajah of Kallikote and
Atagada
VI.
VII.
VIII.
...
80
105
121
to 104 to 120 to 128

to 152
The Zemindar

,5
of
Kurupam
Mandasa
Etaiyapuram
129
153
IX.
Shek Muhammadpurm.
.*..
to 167
to 173
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
Polavakam
...
168 174
KOTHAM
to 181
Kapilesvvar Muttah... 182
to 191
to 196
Sangam Valasa
...
192
XIV.
The Zemindarni
of the Gollaprolu
Muttah
XV.
...
197
to igg
>
Gutalah
;,
...
200
to 202
>
>
>
H. H. The Xnwah
of
Baugauapally. C,
S.
I.
C
.kailikotc Estate press, iiauiblau-
HIS HIGHNESS
SAIYID
THE NAWAB
c, s,
i..
FATEH ALI
KHAN BAHADUR,
OF BANGANAPAbbI
(KURNOOL DISTRICT.)
Banganapalli, one of the Native States under the

control of the Governor of Madras,
is
ruled by a
Nawab
whose claims
to
eminence are founded not upon any
daring adventure or extraordinary learning, hit upon the

successful administration of his State, his steadfast loyalty
to the British
Crown, his increasing benificence to his
subjects and his enlightened co-operation in

for public
movements
his pursuits
good.
Naturally noble-minded,
are just, his views are
formed
after
mature
reflection,
and
he
is
incapable of sentiments derogatory to the character
of impartial
and upright men.
These exemplary
qualities
are just those
which leave
to
their lasting
mark on
is
the State,
and
entitle
the ruler
the
heartfelt
gratitude
and
intelligent admiration of the people.
There
no denying
the fact that the State of Banganapdli has a very bright

future before
give the
first
it,
and
it
is
with great pleasure that
we
place in this series to a biography of His
Highness the
c. s.
I.,
Nawab
Saiyid Fateh
AH Khan Bahadur
the present ruler of Banganapalli.

area of Banganapalli
is
The
32,279.
about 275 square miles,
and the population according

annual income including them
lakhs of Eupees.
to the
Census of 1901,
is
There are 13 Sub-Jaghirs in the State, and the

is
little
more than 2^
The Aeistoceacy of Southern
India.
The Sub-Jaghirdars have no more powers within their own villages than taking measures to prevent the
removal of the crops in cases of non-payment of
kists,
and then seeking the help

defaulters
civil
of the
Nawab
They
for serving the
with demand notices.

Suits
possess neither
nor criminal powers.
arising within their

for
jaghirs are exclusively triable
by the Nawab's Courts,
the maintenance of which the Jaghirdars contribute.
In order to trace the history, from

illlustrious
its origin,
of the
family to which
is
His Highness the
Nawab
belongs,
it
necessary to go back
more than three
centuries, to the year 1051 (Hijri) or about 1633 A. D.,
when Sha Abbas

in
II sat on the throne of Persia, assisted

his
Government by Saiyid Mahomed Khan Buzvi,
Minister,
who had two
sons
Saiyid Hussain Ali Khan,,
and Saiyid Thaher Ali Khan.

Minister, the Sha,
On
the death of this
who had been

Saijad
following with interest
the
progress
made by
Thaher
Ali
Khan
the
younger son in education and culture, and appreciating

his quick intelligence
and comprehensive practical genius,
conceived the idea of making him his Minister in preference to the elder, as a worthy successor to their father.
When Saijdd
spjte,
Hussian Ali Khan, the elder son, heard
this
news, his rage knew no
bounds and with determined

life
he commenced to plot against the
of
Thaher
Ali.
But
in all conspiracies
let into
where a number
is
of persons
have to be
of
the secret, there
always the danger
some one of them proving a betrayer. So it was in this case. Somebody who knew the state of affairs informed
'their
mother
of the
contemplated murder of her younger
and better loved son.

of
Thereupon, acting with a quickness
purpose and resolution rare
among women,
she lost no
H. H. THE Nawab of Banganapalli.
time in providing Thaher Ali with a well-filled purse, and

informing him that his
ed in
was seriously in danger, succeedpersuading him to leave the kingdom in secrecy

life
and without the
least delay.
About
this
time the Moghul Empire was at
its
zenith in wealth and power.
The Moghul Emperor, who
was a ruler of a very enlightened and liberal-minded type, had thrown open the high appointments of his State, both
civil
and military,
hail
to
men
of intelligence,
culture, tact
and
integrity, irrespective of the place

;
from which they
might
were
and consequently
time
filled
all
responsible appointments
ilaen
at the
by the best educated
whom
Persia could furnish.
'the
who was then the ruler of Bijapur, Dekhan, and who had the intelligent co-operation
Ali Adil Sha,
in
of
his Minister, Saiyid
Asad
Ali
Khan, was a suzerain
lord,
and
also a great patron of learning.
On
a certain evening,
while the Minister was

Persians,
in
out in his
the retinue,
palanquin,
oil
some
who were among

of
seeing a person
the coarse garb
a mendicant
pial,
seated on a pial,
left their lord,
hastened to the
and paid their most

as the Minister
respectful
homage and reverence
to the,seemingly poverty-
stricken personage seated there.
As soon
reached home, he demanded from them, half in anger and

half in surprise, an explanation regarding their
stran^
behaviour and asked them to
tell
him what they knew
about the dervish, whom they had run so eagerly to respect, Then they told him that leaving alone their own master.
the
man who was
dressed like a dervish was the younger
son of the late Minister of Persia, that for a long time he
was given up for lost, nothing being, known as to his fate, but that on that day they found him in gthe wretched plight
The Aeistocbacy of Southern

that the Minister
India.
at once.
saw him
in,
and recognised him

Ali,
Hearing
this almost
romantic story, Saiyid Asad Ali
Khan
which was soon done. The coarse dress was removed and a rich dress suitable to his birth was at once put on. The respect due
to fetch
sent one of
them
Thaher
to a Minister's son
was cheerfully accorded

fully deserved
to him, while
he himself showed that he
such esteem
his
by his courtly manners,
his his
witty
conversation,
abundance
of
thought and
great eloquence.
The
Minister was delighted at his having found such a noble
companion, and very desirous of cementing the connection
more
closely, allowed the friendship to rise to kinship
by giving
time
his daughter in marriage to
Thaher
Ali.
Some-
after, Saiyid
Asad Ali Khan
died,
and the ruler of
Bijapur had to appoint a suitable successor.
The former
had
Thaher Ali, had had frequent occasions to impress the King with his nobility of behaviour, his uprightness and administrative capacity. The King naturally wished to confer the vacant ministership
on Thaher
Ali.
sons, but his son-in-law,
This roused the malice and hatred of the
sons of the deceased, and in their envy, they coolly shed

the blood of their brother-in-law, attacking
him
in the
night in a most
cowardly manner.
The
if
Hindustani
in keeping
if
chronicler here characteristically adds
that the heavens
wore a gloomy countenance

^v'ith
for
sometime as
the dark motives of the atrocious murderers, or as

of the deed that
in
was perpetrated on one, who, in life, slied light around him by his cheerful courtesy and kindliness of address. Poor Thaher Ali's wife, mad with grief at the murder of her husband,
harmony with the darkness
and exasperated by the cruel insults which her own brothers had heaped upon her, left the place at once with her two sons, Saiy-'d Asad Ali Khan and Saiyid Mahomed
Khan Nnghdi, and found
her
way
to a
remote part of the
world, Arcot, in Southern India, where she sought for,
and obtained the bountiful help and powerful protection

of the
Nawab
Sadut-ulla- Khan.
The mind
of Saiyid Ali
was unhinged by the violent calamity that happened

his father,
to
and his whereabouts were not known. The a other, Saiyid Mahomed Khan Nughdi, was made Munsubdar, and by dint of courage, resourcefulness and
tact,
he soon rose to be the Commander
of a
thousand
horse in the service of the
Nawab
of Arcot.
He
subse-
quently married the grand daughter of the then Jaghirdar

of Banganapalli, of the
Fazle Ali Khan,
who was
a descendant
grand Vizier of Aurangazeb.
Banganapalli was originally under the sway of a

,
chief
named Kaja Nanda Chakravarthi and

in
his descen-
dants.
Ismail Adil Sha, the ruler of Bijapur, attacked

1643, Banganapalli and the surround-
and conquered,
ing Zamindaries, of which he
gave Banganapalli as a
Jaghir, in reward for services rendered, to his General,
Siddu Simbul.
of Kurnool,
At
this time,
Raja Gopal, the Zamindar
was a source
this,
of disturbance
and annoyance to
the surrounding
Mahomedan
Jaghirdars, and the
King
of
Bijapur hearing of
asked the
Nawab
of the Carnatic
to proceed against Eaja
Gopal and subdue him. This was had the Kurnool
done,
and
in
recognition of this useful service, Abcul

the
Wahab Khan,
whole
of
Nawab
of the Carnatic,
Zamindari conferred on him.

the
Later on, however, the
and the
Dekhan was conquered by Aurangazeb, Kingdoms of Golconda and Bijapur lost their
fell,
independence and
and with these, Banganapalli

Aurangazeb.
and-^
the surrounding Jaghirs passed directly under the sway

of the
Moghul Emperor,
He
appointed
The Aristocracy of Southern
India.
Mahomed Beg Khan,

Khan,
as Jaghirdar of
a relation of his Minister,
Mubaraz
of the
BanganapalH, an appointment which

till
was held by him
in fealty
the
dismemberment
Moghul Empire.
Mulk),
power,
When, however, Asaf Jah

of
(Nizam-ul-
the Viceroy
Hyderabad, assumed sovereign-
Mahomed Beg Khan, declared his independence and

Nawab.
In the
constituted himself a petty Chieftain or
course of his southern tour, Asaf Jah recognised
Mahomed
Beg Khan's
Jaghir.
title,
and granted to him the territory in

his descendants held
Mahomed Beg Khan and

till
the Jaghir
1758.
Mahomed Khan Nughdi with the grand-daughter of Fazle Ali Khan came two sons, Saiyid Hussain Ali Khan and Saiyid Asad Ali Khan. In
From
the union of Saiyid
1150 Hijri, or about 1732 a.d., Gulam Ali Khan, a relation

of
Fazle Ali
Khan
his
succeeded him as Jaghirdar of Bangana-
palli,
and
sister-in-law
was given
in marriage to Ali
Saiyid Asad Ali.
On
the death of
Ghulam
Khan,
became Jaghirdar, and desirous of obtaining some military distinction, applied to Hyder Ali, then in the zenith of his power and glory, for an appointSaiyid Hussain Ali
ment under him,

in that
a!:
in the military service.
For
long, until
the death of his patron Hyder, Hussain Ali

capacity in Mysore,
Khan
served
with benefit to the State
id credit to himself.
When
Tippu succeeded, Hussain

master
But,
Banganapalli.
Ail
who had become an

for
invalid, took leave of his
and started
his
native place,
unfortunately, he died on the way, and had not the pleasure

of seeing again his native
^
home.
Tippu, on hearing of this
sudden calamity, sent for the widow of Hussain Ali Khan and his children, who were four, named Saiyid Ghulam
Ali
Khan,
Saiyid .jFateh Ali
Khan, Saiyid Ahmed Ali
Khan and
Saiyid Mustafa Ali
Khan.
But
as the children
were then of tender age and in poor health, the widow did not wish to subject them to the trying hardships which
a long journey to
Mysore would
entail,
and so delayed
This, the
paying her respects to Tippu at his capital.
over-exacting and impulsive Tippu Sultan, construed into

a deliberate slight, and instantly ordered the confiscation
to the State, of the Jaghir of Banganapalli.
A sense of her
if
helpless position and misery struck her as
a keen shaft
of
had pierced her
brain,
and her usual strength
mind
and firmness under
trial
which had
her,
hitherto so often
stood her in good stead
now failed
and
in despair, she
went away to Furrooknagar with her children. 'There, it so happened that on a certain day when Nizam Ali
Khan, the then Nizam
of
Hyderabad,
set out
on a walk,
he saw the four boys (her sons), who, though dressed so

shabbily as to evidence their extreme destitution, deported
themselves with
much
sober dignity falling in a line and
making their obeisance to the sovereign in a manner which only the sons of noblemen learn as a part of their
training.
The Nizam who was
struck by this incon-
sistency between their noble deportment and their needy
appearance, called the boys to him, and asked them to
tell
him who they were.
They
related
their
melancholy
history; on hearing which, the
Nizam was moved with compassion for them, and directed them to appear the I next day before the Minister, Musheer-ul-Mulk. They
did so,
of
'
and were told that they wôuld be the recipients an annual allowance of Eupees 3,000 each. Saiyid
Ali
Hussain
Khan,
their
paternal uncle,
who was
in
hiding at the time to escape the anger of Tippu against

his family
was sent
for
by the Nizam, and had much
wealth and honor conferred upon him.

1
Of the four sons
8
of
The Aristocracy op Southern

Asad
Ali
India.
Khan mentioned
for
above, the youngest, Mustafa,
was distinguished
courtesy
his manl}- behaviour
and refined
qualities
which among men
of his nation are
passports to eminence.
therefore a suitable
The Minister considering him husband for his grand-daughter made

Saiyid
him
his
grand-son-in-law.
Ahmed
the
for
Ali
Khan,
of
another of
the brothers, married

in
daughter
Munsubdar, and remained

Saiyid Hussain Ali
Hyderabad
sometime.
Khan, the uncle, by
his talents
and
devotion to service
conferred on
won
the esteem of the

of
Nizam who
him the
title
Mazafar-ul-Mulk with a
present of 800 sowars.
proceeded to
At the head of this small army, he Banganapalli accompanied by his nephews,
attacked the place, and defeated the Sultan's

battle of
army
in the
Thammadapalli
in 1205
(Hijri), or
1787
A. d., at
which, one of his nephews, Saiyid Fateh Ali was
killed.
When
Ali
everything was over, Saiyid Hussain Ali Khan,
celebrated the wedding of his daughter with Saiyid
Ghulam
Khan,
nis eldest
Musnud
of
nephew, who was placed on the Banganapalli as the rightful heir, though
Hussain Ali
Banganapalli.
for the
Khan, the uncle, continued

Subsequently
of his
to
reside at
Ghulam
Ali
Khan remained
most part
time at Hyderabad, fought the
battles of the
Nizam,
side
by
side
with the English, against
their
common
services,
enemies,
and
distinguished himself for
(hersonal valour, on
these
many a battle field. In recognition of the Nizam conferred on him the title of
Bahadur.
In a battle against
the
Mansuriod-daulah
Maharattas, he lost the fingers of his right hand, and, as
must happen among people who do most

with the sword,
this put
of their fighting
an end to his military career.
Meanwhile, the uncle, Hussain Ali Khan,

Banganapalli, wa^ suddenly taken
ill,
who was
in
and ou the news
H. H. The Nawab of Banganapalli.

reaching
Ghulam
Ali
Khan
at
Hyderabad, he
left
for
BanganapalH, but before he reached the place, Hussain Saiyid Ghulam Ali Khan had two Ali Khan had died.
sons and several daughters.
of
He
conferred the Jaghir
Banganapalli on his eldest son Saiyid Hussain Ali Khan, his second son Saiyid Fateh Ali Khan being
Saiyid
already in possession of a Jaghir in Hyderabad.
Ghulam
Ali
Khan
died three years later in 1822 A. d.
Hussain Ali Khan, having no male issue, adopted the younger son of Saiyid Fateh Ali Khan, gave his daughter
in marriage to
him and made him

the
heir-apparent.
Saiyid
Ghulam Ah Khan ascended

of his uncle
Musnud
after the death
and father-in-law, Hussain Ali Xhan.
But
the
Ghulam
Ali
Khan having
died issueless, his elder brother
Saiyid Asad Ali Khan's son Saiyid Fateh
AU Khan,
Musnud.
control
present ruler of Banganapalli, ascended the
In 1800, the Nizam transferred his
over
Banganapalli to the British Government, when he ceded

the
Districts
of
Cuddappah
and
Bellary.
In
the
Schedules attached to the Partition Treaty of Seringapatam, the territory of Banânaplli had been rated at
45,000 Canteroy Pagodas, or Kupees 1,31,250; but at the
request of the
Nizam who pleaded
that the Jaghir had

of
been granted for the
maintenance
the
numerous
i
members
of a noble family, the
tribute
was remitted by
the British Government.
Mansurud-daulah,
the Great,
during his lifetime,
with a view to prevent f utmê disputes among his relations

about property,
certain
villages
made
a settlement by which he assigned

sub-jaghirs
to his
called
cousins and
the
members
of his family subject to the condition, that
in the case of
any one dying without
heir, the sub-jaghir 2

10
should

revert to the ruling
India.
Nawab
with the moveable

;
and immoveable property

of disloyalty
of the
deceased
and in cases
among
Sub-jaghirdars their property, both
moveable and immoveable, should be confiscated, and the offenders deported beyond the limits of the State.
The
family, however,
nally incurred chiefly
was burdened with debt origiby Saiyid Asad Ali Khan, brother of
Muusurud-daalah, while he was Subadar of Cuddappah,
and in consequence of embarrassments resulting from the
Nawab Hussain
creditors, the
Ali
Khan's
inability
to
satisfy
his
Madras Government
after
at the request of the

of the State
Nawab
himself undertook the
management
the
from 1825, and

Jaghir in 1848.
tion
clearing
debt
restored the
Before the issue of the Sunnud of restoraAli
Hussain
his
Khan
died,
leaving behind,
as
his
adopted
heir, his
nephew
Saiyid
Gulam
Ali
Khan, who
daughter
was
also
son-in-law,
having married his
Imdad Hussainee Begum. Both by matrimonial relationship and by right of descent, Saiyid Ghulam Ali Khan was recognised Jaghirdar by Government, and a Sunnud was issued to him in 1849, renewing the grant conferring
civil
and criminal jurisdiction unlimited, except in regard
to capital
punishments which alone require the special
sanction of the Madras Government.

<^
The
following
is
the
Sunnud
""Whereas the Eight Honourable the Governor in Council of Fort Saint George was pleased, on the
12th July 1848, to confer upon Hoossain Ali Klian and
his heirs for ever, in Jaghir, the lands of
free of
BanganapaUi,
peshcush and pecuniary demand

Ali
and w^hereas the
said
Hoossain
Khan has demised
before the issue of a

11
and Ghnlam AH Khan has been recognised and acknowledged by the Government of Fort Saint George as his successor and representative
Sunnud
to confirm the same,
this
Sunnud
is
granted to the said
Ghulam
Ali
Iân
as
the present Jaghirdar.
The Jaghir
of Banganapalli, conferred as aforesaid
upon Hoossain Ali Khan and his heirs for ever free peshcush and pecuniary demand, is hereby confirmed
you,
of
to
Khan, as the representative grantee Hoossain Ali Khan, now deceased.

Ali
Ghulam
of the said
You, therefore,
of the revenue
shall
have the general management

of
and police
your Jaghir,
ancl also
the
duty of administering
civil justice
subject to the under-
mentioned conditions
You
to the
shall at ail times
maintain faith and allegiance

;
Honourable Company
the Honourable
against
foreign
their
enemies shall be your

;
enemies, and their friends shall be your friends

assist
you
shall
Company
to the
utmost of your
;
power
Jaghir
and domestic foes an asylum
you
shall
maintain a
;
strict
watch over the public peace
in your
you
shall not afford
to offenders
from
up,
the Company's Districts, but shall either deliver

or assist the Officer of the
them
Company who may be
sent in
pursuit of
them
you
shall cause justice to
be rendered to
inhabitants of the Company's Districts and others
whk
may have
pecuniary claims on any of the inhabitants of
Banganapalli.
In the administration of criminal justice within your

Jaghir, you will abstain from the punishment of mutilating
criminals,
and
will
not
sentence
capitally,
or
execute persons capitally convicted, without the sanction

12
of
The Aeistocracy of Southern

Government previously obtained
;
India.
all
but will refer
cases appearing to you to call for such punishments, for
the consideration and orders of the Governor in Council.
You
for the
shall he
answerable to the Honourable

;
Company
good government of your Jaghir

of
should happen that in consequence

the interposition
of
and if ever it misgovernment,

should
the Honourable
Company
become necessary, the Governor

George
will,
in Council of
Fort Saint
in
such case, take such measures as
may
appear just and proper for restoring order, and providing

for the security of the people.
On
etery occasion of your alienating any part of
your lands, either rent free or on pajmient of favourable

quit rent,
of
you
shall notify the particulars
and conditions
such alienation to the Agent to the Governor of Fort Saint George, at Kurnool, or to any other officer
who may from time
to time be appointed
by the Madras
Government for the purpose, and you shall not confer any such inam lands, except under a written document, in which the terms and duration of the grant shall be
distinctly specified,
stances to
which duration is under no circumextend beyond the enjoyments of the Jaghir by
the grantee.
Given under the
(nd signature
Council, in
of
Honourable Company the Eight Honourable the Governor in

seal of the
Fort Saint George, this twentieth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and forty-nine."
In 1802, the Jaghirdar received a Sunnud guaranteeing that
the
Government
of
India would permit any
succession legitimate according to

as follows
:
Moslim
law, nnd
it is
13
"Her Majesty
being desirous that the Government of
the several Princes and Chiefs,
who now govern

and that
their
their
own
territories,
should be
perpetuated,
of
the
representation
and dignity
continued
in
fulfilment of this
Houses should be desire, this Sunnud is
given to you to convey to you the assurance that, on

failure
Government will permit and confirm any succession to your State which may be legitimate according to Mahomedan Law.
of
natural
heirs,
the British
Be assured that nothing shall disturb the engagement thus made to you, so long as your House is loyal to the Crown and faithful to the condition of the treaties,
grants or engagements, which record the British Government."
its
obligations to
In
1861
Saiyid
Ghulam
Ali
Khan Bahadur was
made
Campanion
of the Star of India.
He
died in 1868
without male issue, and succession to the Jaghir was

contested by his widow,
his
Imdad Hussainee Begum and

Ali
nephew and son-in-law Fateh
Khan Bahadur,
the
life,
present Nawâb,
whom
the deceased had, during his
nominated
his heir.
His Highness the

Bahadur,
r.s.T..
Nawab
Saiyid Fateh Ali
Khan
the son of Saiyid Asad Ali
the elder brother of Saiyid

C.S.I.,
Ghulam
Ali
Khan Bahadur, Khan Bahadur,

was born
ft
the forme]-
Nawab
of Banganapalli,
Banganapalli in 1S48.
Saiyid Asad Ali
Dissensions arising between the father and the uncle of the present Nawab, the family of
Khan Bahadur was compelled
to leave
the limits of the Jaghir, and betake itself to Hyderabad, by virtue of the Sunnud given by Mansurud-daulah, the
'
founder of the State.

of the
The
greater portion ol the youth
Nawab was
spent in Hyderabad, though he and

14

members
India.
the other
of the family retained their hold
their sub-jaghir in Banganapalli.
He
on was placed under
the tuition of two competent Moulvis,
who taught him
Persian, Arabic and Hindustani.
Riding, shooting and
instruction in other branches to suit the tastes and needs

of a
member
of a highly respectable
were not neglected.
and ruling family, During the time he stayed at

intel-
Hyderabad, he greatly distinguished himself by his

ligence, attainments, strong
common
sense and urbanity.
he married the daughter of his uncle Saiyid Ghulam AH Khan Bahadur, but she was not
after,
few years
destined to enjoy the pleasures of her

the cruel hand of death snatching her
years.
wedded
life
long,
away
after three
The Nawab then married a lady from the wellknown family of Nurul-umra Bahadur of Hyderabad. By the first wife the Nawab has three sons, namely Saiyid Ghulam Ali Khan Bahadur, Saiyid Asad Ali Khan
Bahadur, Saiyid
daughter.
Hussain Ali
the
Khan Bahadur, and
When
news
of the
death of his uncle
reached Hyderabad, the

arrived in Banganapalli.
Nawab accompanied by his father
There was a strong contest for succession between Imdad Hussainee Begum, the shadiividow of Saiyid
daulah,
Ghulam
not
Ali
Khan Bahadur
by blood
Nazimudthe
late
who was
related
to
Bano Begum, jîs eldest nicka-daughter, and Saiyid Fat^h Ali Khan Bahadur, the present ruler. But the Government of
India recognised the
following terms
:
Jaghirdar,
but was married to Shahar
title of
the third contestant in the
1.
"
Nawab Ghulam
Ali
Khan,
c.s.i.,
Jaghirdar of
Banganapalli, having died on the 7th October 1868, it has become necessary for the Governor-in-Council to
15

determine
the
who shall be declared to deceased Nawab in the Jaghir of

2.
be the successor of
Banganapalli.
From
the
correspondence
above
recorded,
it
appears that
Ghulam AH Khan
died, leaving
no
direct lineal
male
heir,
and that there are claimants

:
to the Jaghir.
These are
1st.
Imdad Hussainee Begum, shadi-widow of Ghulam Ali Khan, the recently deceased
Jaghirdar,
Ali
and shadi-daughter
in of the said
of
Hussain
Khan, the predecessor
the Jaghir,
and uncle
^nd.
Ghulam
is
Ali
Khan.
*
Nazimood-daulah, who
not related by
blood to the late Jaghirdar,
but
who
-is
married to Shahar Bano Begum, his eldest

nicka-daughter.
3rd.
Fateh Ali Khan, a son

elder brother of
of
Asad
Ali
Khan,
This
the late Jaghirdar.
claimant
is
married to Abasi Begum, the
second nicka-daughter of the late Jaghirdar.

3.
Imdad Hussainee Begum, the shadi-widow

:
of
the late Jaghirdar, claims on two grounds

1st.
As
nearest heir to her father Hussain Ali

in the Jaghir,
Khan, the predecessor
ana
uncle of her late husband.

2nd.
As co-partner
her late
in the Jaghir,
which she
with
are
pretends to have enjoyed in
common
husband.
The Government
unable to recognise as valid the grounds
advanced by
this claimant.
1(3
The Aiustocragy of Southern

4.
India.
of
It
is
observed that the
Sunnud
1849 under
which the
late Jaghirdar held the State of Banganapalli,
was not issued

and
his heirs.
5.
to
Hussain Ali Khan, his immediate pre-
decessor and his heirs, but to
Ghulam
Ali
Khan
himself
It is true that
Imdad Hussainee Begum's

by an order
of
father
was put
in possession of the Jaghir
Govern-
ment, dated r2th July 1848, that he would, except for his
untimely death have in due course received a Sunnud
confirming the Jaghir to him and his heirs, but such a
sunnud was never actually issued and
in deciding
the
present question of succession to the Jaghir, the Govern-
ment must be guided by the Sunnud

conferred the Jaghir on the late
his heirs
of
1849, which
Ghulam
Ali
Khan and
is
and in
this
document no
allusion
whatever
Imdad Hussainee Begum. On the other liandher husband Ghulam Ali Khan, the nephew of the late
made
to
Jaghirdar,
is
clearly
recognised as the successor
and
representative of that dignitary.
G.
When in 1849,
uncle,
^the
Ali Klian to his elder
Government preferred Ghulam brother Asad Ali Khan, as successor

the
Jaghirdar,
to
their
they were
doubtless
Ali
influenced by the consideration that
Ghulam
Khan
was son-in-law
'JLhan.
as well as
nephew
to the late
Hussain Ali
There were other cogent reasons

relationship
Ijy
for the selection
in his
blood to the last Jaghirdar, his
experience in revenue matters and his favor with his

father-in-law.
7.
The Government
are also unable to recognise the
alleged co-partnery right with her late husband,

is
and which
advanced by Imdad Hussainee
Begum
as furnishing a
H. H. The Nawab of Banganplli.

ground
for her claim to the succession.
17
is
No
such right
stated in the
Sunnud
of 1849,
nor has
it
ever been recog-
nised by Government,
8.
For the reasons above adduced, the Governor-inis of
Council
opinion that
Imdad Hussainee Begum has

to succeed to the Jaghi:*-. to
failed to establish
any claim
9.
The second claimant
the Jaghir, Nazimood-
who married Shahar Bano Begum, the eldest nicka-daughter of the late Jaghirdar Ghulam Ali Khan, is
daulah
not by blood related to the late Jaghirdar.
rests solely
on a document executed jointly
His claim by the late

at the
Jaghirdar and his wife
Imdad Hussainee Begum
time of the claimant's marriage with the late Jaghirdar's

nicka-daughter in 1863, by which the Jaghirdar engaged
to
make Nazimood-daulah make no
his heir in the Jaghir, in case

issue,
he should die without male

that he would
and solemnly declared
other settlement of the Jaghir to
the prejudice of this engagement.

10.
The Government
as being of
are unable to recognise this
document
void.
any
effect in
is,
supporting Nizamood-
daulah's claim.
Such
a deed
in their opinion, null
and
1st.
Because
it
never received the
assent of
Government.
3nd.
Because
it
contemplated a departure from
Sunnud of 1849, by which the Jaghir was secured to the heirs of Ghulam Ali Khan.
the sense of the
Under these circumstances the claims

daulah
is
of
Nazimood3
inadmissible.
18
11.
palli is

The
India.
third applicant for the Jaghir of

eldest son of Saiyid
BanganaAsad All
All
Fateh AH Khan,
Khan, the
elder brother of the late Jaghirdar,

is
Ghulam
Khan.
12.
He
married to a nicka-daughter of the late

of opinion that this
Jaghirdar.
The Governor-in-Council
is,
is
claimant
after his father
Asad Ali Khan who advances
no claim
of the
to the succession, the nearest heir in the sense

of
Sunnud
1849 to the deceased Jaghirdar
Ghulam
Ali
Khan.
In addition to his near relationship by blood, and his connection by marriage, Fateh Ali Khan was designated by the late Jaghirdar as his successor in a deed executed
on the 22nd June 1866,

the Kurnool District.
in the presence of the Collector of
Although this deed is of no effect without the confirmation of the Government, it was formally communicated to the Civil Officer representing the Government, as
expressive of the selection of a successor
made by the
late
Jaghirdar, and in conformity with the intention of the
Sunnud
13.
of 1849.
After a careful consideration of the claims above
described. His Excellency the Governor-in-Council resolves to direct the issue of a
Sunnud conferring on Fateh

ever, in Jaghir,
Ali
Khan and
his
heirs for
the lands of
Banganapalli free of peshcush and pecuniary demand in

the same conditions as those contained in the
1849.
14.
Sunnud
of
From
the letter received from the Collector of

it
Kurnool, dated 7th January,
appears that under the
arrangements made by the
late
Jaghirdar
Khan,
in
which arrangements,. Fateh Ali
Ghulam Ali Khan concurs,
provision has been
made
for the late Jaghirdar's family.

H. H. The Nawab op Banganapalli.
15.
'
19
The
Collector of Kiirnool
is
directed to
to
commu-
nicate this order to Fateh Ali
Khan,
Imdad Hussainee
Begum, and Nazimood-daulah."

That a member
of
the illustrious family of the
Banganapalli Nawabs should by right of descent assume

the rulership of the State was in
event.
It
itself
a very popular
was an augury
of prosperity to the subjects of
Banganapalli.
people
for
Personally the
Nawab had
inspired the
of the place
with
love,
admiration and esteem
him.
He was
proclaimed
Nawab with
of
the usual
solemnities.
Mr. Chase, the then Collector of the Kurnool
District, installed
him on the guddi
his, ancestors,
offering
him
his sincerest congratulations
and wishing him
many
years of health, prosperity, and usefulness in the
position to
which he had succeeded.

after the
Three years
above Sunnud was issued the

again
widow
of the late
Nawab
present ruler by defying his
commenced to annoy the authority. The Collector of
the District proposed to constitute a punchayet to consider
the dispute and bring about a reconciliation between the

present ruler and the widowed
came up for Madras when the following proceedings were passed

"
Begum. The subject consideration before the Government of

:
The
Government
observe
that
subject
to
the
sovereign authority of the British Gevernment, the NawpjD

of Banganapalli possesses
jurisdiction
in
his
under Sunnud limited criminal Jaghir, but has the uncontrolled
administration of
is
civil justice,
and
of
revenue matters, and
answerable for the good government of the Jaghir. There are certain obligations imposed upon him in regard
to his general
management, but nothing which

the
Collector
of
in
any way
whatever invests
>
Kurnool with any
J
i
20
India,
oJ'
appellate authority or requires the interference
Govern-
ment, except in cases of niisgovernraent.

2.
In the present instance
it is
evident that
ill
feeling
on the part
of the v/idow of the late

is
the succession
inducing her to
Nawab who claims set the Nawab in

Government cannot
defiance, but she
must be given
to understand that his
authority must be respected and the
sanction any proceeding which would have the appearance

of
weakening that authority.

3.
On
these
principles
the
Government cannot
determine the
approve Mr. Chase's proposal to constitute a punchayat,

presided over by a
Government
ofiicer to
disputes between the
Nawab and
to sanction
the
widowed Begum,
of
and would be unable
any such arrangement.

the opposite parties
They
regret that
it
Mr. Chase should have taken the step

the
suggesting
to
Nawab and
without previous reference to Government.

4.
They
desire that
Mr. Chase
will take
an early
opportunity of visiting Banganapalli and impressing on

the
Begum
kindly but firmly that she must accept the
present state of things,
and refrain from defying the

if
Nawab's
authorit^% but that

it
she persists in her present
line of conduct,
may
be necessary to arrange for her
residing beyond the limits of the Jaghir at either Kurnool
^r
Hyderabad.
5.
Mr. Chase
will also
inform the
b<?
Nawab
that his
authority in the matter will
supported by Government
so long as he behaves with justice and consideration to
the
Begum."
The
lady
;
first
wife of the
Nawab was
a highly talented
she was
conversant with
Persian,
Aiabic
and

Hindustani.
education.
21
She took an
active
interest
in
female
Her noble
disposition, her generous instincts,

all
her dislike of ostentation, her respect of
that
is
true
and good, were some

raise
of the characteristics calculated to of those
her in the estimation
who had known

In 1886 she
She,
to
her personally and render

gratitude
her an object of admiration,
and love
to
her
dependants.
obtained the Nawâb's permission to
visit Palestine.
accompanied by her children,

Karbala
went on a pilgrimage
and
other
holy
places.
The Nawab being
anxious about the safety of his family sought the assist-
ance of Government, through the Political Agent,

they issued the following general letter
:
when
Letter
TO ALL BRITISH AUTHORITIES

"
WHOM
IT
MAY CONCERN.
The
bearer,
who
native
of
is
the
State,
Begum
within
is
of the
Nawab
of
Banganapalli,
of the
the jurisdiction
Government
Madras,
proceeding with her
children and suite, consisting of about 30 followers, on

a pilgrimage to Ninevah (Karbala in
Irak Arabi), and
expects to pass through Basurah, Bagdad, Najef, Samrah,
and Kazmeen.
It is requested that the
treated with due respect, and that

afforded to her, both
as she
"
Begum may such help may
be
be
on her forward and return
journe;(i>
may
be in need of
It is hardly necessary for us to say that the
Begum
was treated with due respect and attention in her travels, and while at Bagdad an escort of eight sowars was
furnished to her by the Turkish Governor of that place.
She died one year
after her return
from Karbala.

22

There are
different
India.
grades of reception accorded to
Native Princes witfiin the jurisdiction of a Governor.

order that
In
we may
give
a full idea of
State,
the Nawab's
position as the Ruler of a
we
give
below the
visited
ceremonies obeserved
by,
when he
:
visited,
and was
H. E. the Governor of Madras, and
H.E.
the Viceroy
and Governor-General of India
RECEPTION BY HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR OF

MADRAS, OF THE NAWAB OF BANGANAPALLI.
"At
H. E.
4-45 P.M., on Thursday, the 30th December, 1895,
the.
Governor received a
visit
from the
Nawab
of
Banganapalli, at Government House, Madras.
The Under-Secretary
to
to
Government
in the Depart-
ments under the Chief Secretary and an Aid-de-Camp,

His Excellency proceeded in one
of the
Governor's
carriages from
purpose of
Government House, at 4-10 p.m., for the escorting the Nawab, from Moore's Gardens,
The deputation was received at the Nawab's house, by his eldest son. The Nawab and the deputation then drove to Government House in the Governor's carriage, the Nawab's eldQst son, and an Officer of the Nawab's Staff following in one of the Nawab's carriages.
On alighting from
the crriage, the
Nawab was met by

stairs.
the Military Secretary to His Excellency the Governor,
who, with the deputation
led
him up the
The
to the
Nawab was received

Reception room.
at the top of the stairs
by the Private
Secretary to His Excellency,
who conducted him
The Governor received

him
to a seat at
l\'s
the
Nawab
seated,
and showed
right hand.
23
On
the right of the
Nawab was
seated the Under-
Secretary, the Private and Military Secretaries to the
Governor, and His Excellency's personal

After a short conversation the
staff.
Nawab 's
attendants
were introduced by the Aid-de-camp.
At the
close of the interview,
attar
and pan were
given by the Governor to the Nawab, and .by the UnderSecretary to the Nawab's attendants.
The ceremonies
at the
Nawab's departm'e were same
as those observed at his arrival.

-
The Nawab was escorted to and from Government House by a party of the Body Guard, consisting of one
Non-commissioned
Officer,
and eight sowars.

lined
The Entrance Hall

by an armed party of
Government House was the Body Guard (twelve).

of
Native Officer's mounted party (sixteen) of the

a trumpeter proceeded in front of the
of
Body Guard with

Infantry
these
grand entrance and also the House-guard

;
Native
together saluted on
,
the
arrival
and
departure of the Nawab.
RETURN VISIT OF
H. E.
THE GOVERNOR OF MADRAS,
TO THE NAWAB OF BANGANAPALLI.

His Excellency the Governor retui-ned the
visit of
the
Nawab
of Banganapalli,
on Wednesday, the 4th Decem-
ber, at 4-45 P.M.
A deputation consisting of the Nawab's eldest son, and

an
at
officer of
the Nawab's Staff waited on the Governor,

at 4-30 p.m.
I^.
Government House,
'
E. the Governor
24
India.
and was attended by the Under-Secretary in the Departments under the

started under a salute of seventeen guns,
Chief Secretary, and two Aides-de-camp.
The Nawab
carriage at the
received the Governor at the step of the

residence,
Nawab's
and conducted him to
a seat at his right hand.
On
tary,
the right of the Governor sat the Under-Secre-
and the Aid-de-camp.
On
the
left of
the
Nawab
sat
his attendants.
After a short conversation, the Nawab's attendants
were received by him.
At the close of the interview, attar and pan were presented by the Nawab to the Governor, and by the
Nawab's
present.
principal
attendants
to the
British
Officers
The ceremonies which attended the Governor's

arrival
were repeated
at
His Excellency's departure.
guard of honor was drawn up at the Nawab's
residence, and saluted the
Governor on his
arrival
and
departure.
r
RECEPTION BY HIS EXCELLENCY THE VICEROY AT MADRAS,

^
OF THE NAWAB OF BANGANAPALLI.
At 12-15 p.m., on Friday, the 25th November, 1892,

His
Excellency
a
visit
the
Viceroy
and
of
Governor-General,
Banganapalli,
at
received
from the
Nawab
Government House, Madras.
The
Political
Officer
on
duty
with
the
Nawab,
accompanied him to Government House.
25
On
alighting from his carnage, the
Nawab was met
by an Aid-de-camp to the Viceroy, and was received at

the top of the stairs by the Officer on Special duty in the
Foreign
Department,
who
conducted
him
to
His
Excellency's presence.
The Viceroy received

him
the
Nawab seated, and motioned

seated the Political
to a seat at his right hand.
On
Officer,
the right
of.
the
Nawab was
and beyond him such
of the Chief's attendants,
not exceeding two in number, as are entitled to a seat in
Durbar.
On
the
left of
the Viceroy were seated
iflie
Ofhcer
on Special duty in the Foreign Department, and His

Excellency's personal
staff.
After taking his seat, the

a nazar of 31
remitted.
Nawab
rose and presented
gold mohurs, which were touched
and
After a short conversation, the Nawab's attendants
were introduced by the Political

of
Officer,
and offered nazars
one gold mohur each, which were also touched and
remitted.
At the
close of the interview, a!tar
and pan were
given by the Viceroy to the Nawab, and by the Officer on

Special duty in the Foreign
Department
to his attendants.
THE CEREMONIES AT THE NAWAB'S DEPARTURE WERE THE SAME AS THOSE OBSERVED AT HIS ARRIVAL.
When
H.
R.
H.
the then Prince

visited
of
Wales,
now
King Edward VII,
Madras,
the
Nawab was
at the
one of those introduced to His Koyal Highness,
Government House.
After a short conversation with the

1

26
The Akistocuacy
ui'
Southekn India.
silver
Nawab, His Koyal Highness presented him with a

manship.
medal, and a double-barrelled revolver of excellent work-
The
following Simnud, dated Fort William,
24th
January 1876, signed by His Excellency Lord Northbrook, the then Viceroy, was given to the Nawab, conferring
upon him
as a hereditary distinction the title of
Naioab
of
" In recognition of your position as the Jaghirdar of
Banganapalli, I hereby confer upon you
the
title
Naivab as a hereditary distinction to be assumed by your

successors iDn formal recognition of their succession."
On
for
the
occasion of
late
the Golden
Jubilee of
Her
Majesty the
Empress of India, the Political Agent Banganapalli, communicated the following to the
with compliments and best wishes for his long
:
Nawab
life,
wealth and prosperity
''Your Highness,
On
the auspicious occasion of the celebration of the
Jubilee of
Her Majesty the Queen, Empress of India, I address Your Highness, whose loyalty to the British Throne and Government is unquestioned, with the desire
associating you with the expression of joyfulness at
this event,
of
which is general throughout India, and of conveying to you an expression of my high consideration,
and
of
my
best wishes for the continued prosperity of

of
Your Highness, and
Your Highness's State."

in
The
of
Jubilee
was celebrated
been
Banganapalli with
the greatest enthusiasm.
All the buildings in the
Town
the the
Banganapalli -having
previously
whitewashed,
commenced by a banquet given by Nawab Syed Fateh Ali Khan Bahadur, c.s.i., to
the festivities

27
Mohammedan
At
3
P.M.,
population, which lasted until
2-30 p.m.
the
all
Nawab
the
held
a
of
Durbar,
which
and
was
the
5-30,
attended
by
nobles
the Court,
representatives of the agricultural community. a congratulatory address

tani,
At
was read
in English
and Hindus-
and received with cordial cheers.

in the
This was followed
by prayers
perity of
Durbar Hall
the
for the long life
and prosAfter this,
Her Majesty,
Queen Empress.
followed the release of eight prisoners from the State Jail,
and a reduction
in the sentences of four others.
This
was succeeded by a salute of 31 guns from the ramparts of the Fort, and a distribution of attar and betel. From
6 p.m.,
till
the
dawn
of the following day, 'the palace,
public buildings, and the houses generally were illuminated
with coloured and plain

of the
lights,
whilst fireworks, music,
and dancing continued during the night.

17th, a distribution of food
On
the morning
to about
was made
8,000 persons, including visitors to the festival from the
outlying districts
place,
and
at night a similar feasting
took
and
there
was another
for
display
of
fireworks.
offered
During both the celebration days, prayers were

in the temples
and mosques
and prosperity, and a

to the poor.
Her Majesty's long life distribution of alms was made

a^l
The Nawab defrayed

a
the charges.
of
The Nawab was made

Committee
of the Imperial
Member
the Central
Institute in 1887,
when
4he
following correspondence took place between the Chief
Secretary to the
" Sir,
I
of
Government of
Madi'as, and the
Nawab:
am
directed to inform you
that, since the receipt to
your letter expressing
willingness
serve
on the
Central
Committee
of
the
Imperial Institute, and to
28
The Aristoceacy of Southern
India.
subscribe towards that institution, a telegram has been

received from the Government of India to the effect that the
subscription qualifying for

will,
membership
of the
Committee
;
in ordinary cases, be Bs. 500

speciall}''
you have been

cations, I
and upwards but as selected by His Excellency the

of
Governor in Council on the ground
your general
qualifi-
am
to state that there will be
no objection on
yom' part to subscribe the above amount.
ment, would, however,
like
to
The Governbe informed of the sum

f
you propose
to subscribe."
"
Dear
Ski,
With
your
feel
great
pleasure I acknowledge
the receipt of
I
letter
No. 1132, dated 12-8-87,
and state that

in adding
fully
sensible of the high
honor conferred on
me
by His Excellency the Governor in Council
my
name
to the list of subscribers to the Imperial Institute, I gratefully acknowledge.
which honor
I beg to express
to
my
regret that
my
limited
means do not permit me
subscribe to the noble and laudable object

Institute represents,
which the
of
more than the very limited sum

you
will kindly try to
Rs. 4,000.
I request
make
this
acceptable to the
Government
of India conveying, at the
same time,
my
heart-felt thanks for the very benevolent
intentions cherished by
Her Imperial Majesty towards
her loyal Indian subjects."
When
the news of the death of the Queen was
received at Banganapalli, the

of all Public Offices at once, for eight days.
Nawab
ordered the closing
and mourning was observed

all
Prayers were offered in

sent a message
mosques and
condolence,
temples.
The Nawab
of
29
through the Potitical Agent to the Governor of Madras,

to be
communicated
to the bereaved
members
of
the
Eoyal Family.
It will not
be out of place
if
we
should give here
some
of the
most important
reforms effected by the
Nawab
in the interests of his subjects.
Formerly there was only one Amildar under the

immediate directions
known).
All
of the Jaghirdar (as
he was then
and criminal cases would be taken before him and he would hear and dispose of them,
the
civil
without any particular procedure, the Amildar helping
him
a
as
an interpreter.
The Nawab has now introduced

the State
is
new system by which

principles.
is
administrated on
modern
Tahsildar, assisted by a suitable
establishment,
appointed.
He
is
in charge of the State
Treasury under the direct supervision of the Nawab.

Tahsildar
is
The
responsible for the due collection of revenue,
and
also for the settlement of
boundary disputes, and
other cases connected with land tenure.
There
is
Magistrate exclusively entrusted with criminal powers.
The Munsiff
a
is
empowered
is
to decide civil suits involving
sum up
to Paipees 3,000.
The
Sacâr Court presided
over by the
Nawab
the final appellate authority over
the decisions of the above said courts.
Besides being the
Appellate Court, the Sadar Court exercises original civi>
and criminal jurisdiction in civil suits Kupees 3,000 and in grave criminal offences.
:
of
above
The law
in vogue in the British territory
is
observed here.
sanitary
The
Jail building is a
new one on improved

it,
principles.
There
is
a Eurasian in charge of
is
and the
local ISTedical
officer
the
ex-ofiicifj
Superintendent.
30

is
India.
There
to
also a
in.
garden attached to the
Jail for the prisoners
work
The
State has
now
a well -trained Police force
under
the able supervision of a Police Inspector,
who had had

There are
safe-
good experience in the Madras Police Force.

also three out-stations for the convenience
and the
guarding of the villages belonging to the State.
The State dispensary
is
worked on English
lines
under a well-experienced and diplomaed Medical Officer of

the Civil Medical Department, Madras.
resorted to not only
also
The
hospital
is
by the inhabitants
a
of the capital, but

tracts.
by "those living in the surrounding British

Officer has
The Medical
competent
assistant, besides
three compounders.
It is satisfactory
is
to observe that a
staff of
diplomied midwife
dispensary.
also
employed on the
medicine
is
the
The supply
of
quite ample, and
the instruments are kept in very good order.
There are schools
for boys in the
head quarters and

to the
also in the principal villages.

is
At head quarters there
an English school which teaches up
Primary
Standard.
In October 1873, Saiyid Ghulam Ali

the heir-apparent was born.
Khan Bahadur,
news
of his birth
When
the
'
was announced, it was received with pleasure and delight every^vhere, and the people were very jubilant over the
event.
Proper arrangements were made for the Prince's
education, and the services of a suitable tutor were secured

to teach
subjects.
him English, Hindustani, Persian and other He has grown to be an intrepid rider, and a
capital
huntsman, and bears a very good character.

Bahadur, on the 7th December, 1900.
He
married the daughter of his uncle, Saiyid Murtuza Ali
Khan
He has
<
a taste
'Tit{qmt?}| sso.M D5'R!|e305Pin^TH
^
"^
n ^
o
2-2
?;
/;
r"
e e I
^S:Ui..
H. H. The Nawab or Banganapalli.

for histoiy,
.
31
and has a large collection of historical and biographical works both in English and Urdu.
The second
a great reader.
Prince, Saiyid
Asad
AH Khan Bahadur,
is
He
has a large collection of standard has been
works, and
his
taste for English literature
growing from day to day.
His
wife,
whom
The
he married
seven years ago, comes from the well-known family of
NNurul-umra BahadmSaiyid Hussain Ali
of
Hyderabad.
is
third Prince,
Khan Bahadur
very intelligent and
painstaking in the acquirement of knowledge.
The Nawab must be proud

noble, generous,
of his sons.
They
are
all
and gentlemanly, and they pay
particulaj:
attention to the fact that their household ought to be
sober and well-governed.
They do not
love show, but

is
everything from their dress to their equipage,
simple
and
nice.
Such are
their distinguishing traits,

all
and these
amiable features leave their impress upon

in contact with them.
who come
As soon
as the
as
Nawab was installed on

essential
the Guddi,
he found out,
most
things to
peace and
good government, the
instilling
into public officers an
adequate sense of their
responsibility,*
all
and a
diligent
enquiry into and an early redress of

abuses.
grievances and
To
establish his reputation as a just
and enligh-
tened ruler, the
Nawab
has had to study carefully the
important changes in public opinion,
and to found his
judgment on public
affairs
on a minute and elaborate
consideration of the arguments for and against.

sincerely religious-minded
He
is
and God-fearing, and in matters,
great or small, he never allows any prejudices to
warp
his
judgment, and in
all
circumstances keeps his temper
32
India.
believer in the
equable and unruffled.

teachings
oJ;
He
is
a devout
Mahomed
the Prophet,
and
profoundly
learned in the Koran.

in
it,
To understand
mind
or a
the truths mentioned
he
is
of opinion, that
one needs not a capacious

great store
of
intellect,
what the world calls learning, but a heart so humbled by the spirit of God as to receive them as His Testimony in
a disciplined
"the love
of
the truth."
Sufhce
it
to say that as
an
administrator, he exercises a decided influence for good
upon
his
subjects,
and that he
is
held in the highest
estimation by people in and around Banganapalli, for his

sterling character, impartial
of purpose.
at
justice,
and
rigid
honesty
All these qualities claim a due recognition
the hands of
Government and
Knighthood from
the
Government
of India, all right-thinking people
grant, will
prove
but a deserved reward.

it
must From what
has been said of the Nawab,
is
evident that he will
always retain the confidence
of the
and be the protector

of his subjects,
of the rights,
paramount power, privileges, and liberties

of
who form
them
the
backbone and sinews
his State
and
his sincere convictions
and sound practical

it is
applications of
are of such value that
impossible
to over-estimate their worth.
As constancy
the
their
of
conduct
and
fixity
of
prmciple
are
characteristics of the
Nawab,
characteristics
rarity,
which claim
attention by
.their very
they are sure to impress any student
of the history of our times
with a feeling of high esteem
for the illustrious personage in
whom
such virtues are
united.
H. H. The
Mahiirajtih of Bobbjli. K, C.
E.
liulUJii^tc
KStuty
vi'eiib.
iiuniblitit;
'
H. H.
THE MAHARAJAH OF BOBBILI

(
VIZA GAPA TA M DISTPdCT)
The Maharajah
Southern
India,
of Bobbili
on
whom
was the only prince of the title of "Maharajah"
was conferred by the Government of India, in the last year of the nineteenth centmy during the life-time of Her
Majesty the late Empress of India.
He
is
one of those
distinguished noblemen whose services have greatly contributed to widen the influence and support the
of the
renown
paramount power.
Bobbili Zemindari
It
is is
The
patam
one of the most ancient

included in the Vizaga-
Zemindaries in India.
District,
Madras Presidency, and possesses a very

It
is
is
interesting history.
situated in lat. 1822' to 1846
N., long. 8310' E.,

of
surrounded by the British taluks

Salur,
of the
Chipurupalli,
Gajapatinagaram,
Parvatipur,
Palconda and Chicacole, and consists

of which is
Pergunnahs
(Tanas) of Bobbili, Kajam, Kavitey anl Sitanagaram, each
under the charge of an officer called Ameen. The

about 920
sq. miles in area,
Zemindari, together with the proprietary estates eventually

bought,
is
and contains 202

Its
Jeroyiti villages, 70
agraharams and 6 mokhasas.

is
revenvie
is
about 5 lakhs of rupees, including the value of

paid in kind.
about 3,567 garces of paddy, which

peishcush
is
The
Ks. 95,315 and the land-cess, Es. 32,467.

in the
There are 14 indigo factories

of
Zemindari
most
them
are leased to Messrs. Ai-buthn;.it
and Co.
34

The
chief
India,
town
is
Bobbili, the residence of the
Maha-
rajah.
(Lat. 18"34'N., long. 18''25'E.)

Sir
It is about 70
miles north-west of Vizagapatam.
M. E.
it
Grarft Duff,
who
visited Bobbili in 1883, describes
as " a clean
and
well-kept town,
furnished with
all
the appliances of
Anglo-Indian civilisation
schools, hospitals and what not

to record."
all
within a walk of the remains of the Old Fort, where
126 years ago was enacted one of the most ghastly stories
which even Indian History has
The Bobbili family belongs to the Velama Doras, who (according to Orme)
tribe
known
as
" esteem
them-
selves the highest blood of Native Indians next to the
Brahmins, equal to the Eajputs, and support
this pre-
eminence by the haughtiest observances, insomuch that

the breath of a different religion, and even of the meaner
Indians, requires ablution."
The men
of this race are, as
a rule, well-built and of a warlike disposition.
The
fifteenth
founder
in
of
the
house
of
Bobbili
was the
descent from the founder of the house of
Venkatagiri, from which eminent family sprang the present

ruler of
Bobbili.
In 1652, Sher
Mahomed Khan,
the
Nawab
of Chicacoip,
on behalf of the Moghul Emperor,
marched
ally
against
Vizagapatam, when the former was

chiefs, viz.,
accompanied by two
Nirvana Rayappa, gener-
Pedda Bayadu, the fifteenth Rajah of Venkatagiri, and Madhava Varma, the ancestor ol' the
as
known
Vizianagaram family.
services
In recognition of the meritorious
rendered to the
Nawab by
chief
the former
hief
of
the Moghul
the
in
Emperor conferred upon him the

Estate,
graiit
Kajam
it
where the
built
a fort
and
his
token of his
gratitude
towards the worthy donor

tiger),
named
Bebboc'y (the royal
in
honor of
H. H. The Maharajah of Bobbili.

patron's designation, Sher (tiger).
35
the
into
From Bebbooly
name
of the
town and Zemindari has been corrupted
Bobbin.
In addition to the grant of this vakiable
estate,
the further recognition of the chief's services
by the
Rajah
dhanka,
Moghul Emperor was the conferring

and Bahadur, and
of the titles of
also the right to use a
white
flag,
nowbat and other insignia of royalty. After establishing every thing on a firm basis, Eajah Pedda Eayadu Bahadur Garu returned to his place, nominating his son Lingappa
as the ruler of the
newly obtained Raj.

very
Rajah Lingappa
the
Bahadur, who had inherited the valour and prowess of

his
father
was
also
serviceable
to
Moghul
Emperor whenever
the General Sher
there
was any disturbance.

day,
son of
Mahomed Khan went on

when he was
Ganjam
a hunting
surprised,
excursion on a
certain
captured and kept in confinement by a
Fattooridar at
District.
Rangavaka near Palasa

rescue his son
in the
The
General's request to the Rajah Lingappa Bahadur to
met with
out
of
a favourable response, and the
result was, that the Fattooridar
was taken prisoner and
the boy brought

intrepidity,
confinement.
The
solicitude,
and the most opportune help of the Rajah Bahadur so much won the favor and esteem of the General, that he commended him to the favorable notice
of the
Moghul Emperor, whose admiration
of the
promp-
and generous nature evinced by the Rajah became, so great, that he ordered the free enjoyment of as many villages in his State as he could in one night adorn with festoons. This was accordingly done, and the Rajah
titude
became the lord of twelve villages. The Moghul Emperor went a step further, and conferred the title of Ranga Row (Lord Ranga Vaka-Vaka, meaning a seat or resort of a
Fattooridar, otherwise
meaning
victor in battle).
This

36
title

has since been used by
all
India.
succeeding members of the
Bobbili family.
The
sixth of the Kajahs

of the Battle
whose reign
Garu.
is
memorable
dis-
on account
of Bobbili,
was Eajah Gopala

In 1756 the
Krishna Ranga
Row Bahadur
orderly behaviour of the Poligars called for measures of

repression,
and M. Bussy marched with a European force
to restore order.
On
his arrival in
Vizianagram, he was
assured by the Rajah that the Chief of Bobbili was the

instigator
of all
disturbances.
"We take the following

Administration by Dr.
from the Madras Manual

result
of the
Macleane,âbout the attack on the Fort of Bobbili, and

its
:
"
The Rajah of Vizianagram

French with a force
rival.
to testify his
own
loyalty
Joined the
of 11,000
men
to assist in
crushing his
Before attacking the
latter,
M. Bussy
offered the chief a
pardon
for the past,
and land of equal
value elsewhere,
if
he would abandon his ancestral estate,

refused.
but the
Bobbili
offer
is
was
of
one
The attack on the fort of the most memorable in Indian History.

field
At daybreak, the
assault
pieces
began
to play
on the
mud
defences, practicable breaches were at once made,
and the
fighting,
sounded.
After four hours' desperate

off
hand
to
hand, Bussy called

to
his
men
;
to
allow the
cannon
widen the breaches.
second [assault was

for not a
five
then ordered, but with no better results
man
hours
had gained footing within the ramparts when

later
Bussy again withdrew the storming party to repeat the argument of artillery. The defenders now recognised
^
their desperate position,
and collecting their wives and and returned to their posts.

;
families put
them
to death,
The
assault soon
recommenced
and when
at
sunset.
H. H. The Mahaeajah of Bobbili.

Bussy entered the
army,
it
37
fort as victor
with the remnant of his
was only because every man of the garrison was dead or desperately wounded. An old man, however, crept from a hut, and leading a child to Bussy presented him as the son of the dead chief. Four other men had
preserved their
lives,
and two nights

sleep,
later
when
crept
the
into
Vizianagram camp was buried in
they
the Bajah's tent, and before the .sentries discovered and

shot
to
down
the assassins,
they had stabbed the Kajah
death with thirty- two wounds.
The
child,
Chinna
Ranga Bow, saved from

offered to his fathers."
the slaughter, was invested by

of
Bussy with the chiefship
the lands that had been

*
The
of his
whose reign was longer than that of any predecessors, was Rajah Sweta Chalapati Ranga
Chief,
Row Bahadur who became

account of his munificent
charitable
famous
far
and wide
on
gifts.
During
his
reign every
undertaking in the District found in him a

In 1832 serious
ready, willing and benevolent patron.
Ganjam and Vizagapatam Districts. The Rajah devised all means in his power and succeeded in apprehending Kambara V^nkatarayadu and other Fattooridars who were the cause ol the disturbance and delivered them to Mr. Russell, the Special Commissioner, who was appointed by the Government of*
disturbances broke out in the
Madras.
It
is
to the
credit of the
same Rajah that he
made
large additions to the estate.
The Rajah who had no
issue
adopted one of the
sons of the Rajah of Pittapur as his heir and successor,
and died on the 18th August 1862.
38

Kajah Sitarama Kanga
India.
Eow
Bahadur, the adopted
son of the deceased Eajah, ruled only for five years. He gave a marked impetus to the promotion of education,
and
it
vâs
he
who
started the Anglo- Vernacular School

It is to
at Bohbili in 1864.
be greatly regretted that he
died at the comparatively early age of 23 years.
Eani Lakshmi Chellayamma

deceased husband.
Garu succeeded her Though the lady was very young when
the onerous duty of guiding the destiny of a large State
devolved on her, yet her enhghtened policy, her liberalheartedne^ss
and her statesmanship enabled her

her
contemporaries.
to excel
most
of
She
very
prudently
already
appointed a
Dewan
of well-tried abilities,
who had
given proof of his uprightness and energy during the reign of her late father-in-law. Her liberality during
the great famine in Bengal, in 1873,
is still
a household
word in many places. She sent paddy of the value of Eupees 50,000, and this noble conduct met with the
approbation of the Government of India, which recorded its high sense of appreciation of the generosity of the Eani.
She was represented by her Dewan, when H. E. H. the Prince of Wales, now oar Most Gracious Emperor, King
Madras, and had the special honour of receiving a medal from His Eoyal Highness. In February
visited
?
Edward VII,
876, the
Government
of India, in
token of their apprecia-
tion of the
the
title
wisdom displayed by this lady, conferred on her of "Eani" as a personal recognition. A reBastar,
bellion broke out at
when
the Eani, with her
usual promptitude, rendered her share of help in quelling

it.
We
avail
ourselves of this opportunity of giving
publicity to the following letters about the Eani,
who
died on the 7th
Mry
1887
H. H. The Mahabajah of Bobbili.

"
39
Madam,
I
am
directed by the
Government
to
communicate
to
you, their thanks for the assistance you rendered to them,

in the
march
of
an army
for the crushing of the rebelhon,
that recently broke out in Bastar, and for other con-
venient arrangements that you

connection.
made
for
them
in that
I have, therefore, gladly
communicated the
matter to you and enclosed an extract from the order.

(Signed)
*
to the
Acting Agent
Governor.''
Office of Governor's
Agent,
l^nd July, 1876.
EXTRACT FROM THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE MADRAS
GOVERNMENT, JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT,

26TH JUNE
*
1876, NO. 1279.
*
also
*
'J-
" Mr. Goodrich will
convey to His Highness

of
the Maharajah of
Vizianagaram and to the liani
Bobbili the thanks of

facilities they,
Government for the assistance and afforded to the movements of the troops on
the late occasion.
(True Extract).
(Signed)
*
to the
Acting Agent
Governor."
-10
India.
COPY OF A LETTER FROM MR. GARSTIN, THE GOVERNOR'S

AGENT, TO THE RANI OF BOBBILI.
"
Madam,
Mr. Fraser, the Assistant Agent, has communicated to
me
that, in
immediate response
fifty of
to his
request,
you des-
patched to Pachipenta
your sepoys at a time

I
the Pohce were absent from that station.

obliged to you for your timely help.
*****
(Signed)
J.
when am much
H.
GAESTIN,
to the
Agent
Governor."
The Honourable the Maharajah Chalapati Kanga Eow Bahadur, k. c
Sir
i.
Venkata Sweta
e.,
who
succeed-
ed the Eani, was born on the 8th September 1862, at

Venkatagiri, being the third son of no less a personage
than H. H. the
late
c.
Eajah Sarvagnya Kumarayachandra

s.
i.,
Bahadur
Garu,
the 27th in descent of the
distinguished and well-known house of Venkatagiri.
When
the Prince was nine years old, the

.lêir,
House
of
Bobbili had no
but was under the guidance of Eani
Lakshmi Chellayamma Bahadur Garu, who adopted him in 1872 as her heir and successor after the formal performance of the ceremonial rites observed in Hindu
adoption.
Arrangements
befitting
the position of the

of the Prince,
Eani were made for the education spite of the most exalted position
raised,
who, in
to
which he had been
worked assiduously
to
acquire knowledge.
He
was
of
first
placed under the tuition of two
competent
a
native gentlemen, and
when
it
was found that

appointed
European
tutor, the
good
qualilkations
should be
<

services
of
41
Mr.
J.
Marsh were
secured,
under' whose
guidance the Prince continued to be for nearly three years.
During
history,
in
this
period he received instruction not only in
political
economy and other

in
subjects, but also
athletic
exercises,
order to
make him
man
of
good physique as well as a highly cultured
ruler.
The
study of Sanskrit which contains the ethical code of the
Hindus was not neglected, and a Pundit of rare attainments was employed to instil into the mind of the Prince
the sacred
principles
of
Hinduism.
"
When
he
was
Empress " was conferred upon Her Majesty the late Queen Victoria. On that day, meetings, in commemoration of the unique eveM, were India. At the held principalities in at all the
fifteen years old, the
title of
meeting that
dais with
the
came
late
off
at
Vizagapatam,
the
Prince
took a conspicuous part and was given a seat on the
Maharajah
of
Vizianagram.
One
thing very remarkable connected with this noteworthy
event was that the Princes of the two renowned houses
which had been on
hostile terms for years past

It
met each
this
other on the most friendly terms possible.
was on
most auspicious occasion that that seed of friendship was sown between the heads of the two distinguished families
which, in process of time, grew into
bearing tree.
su^
mighty
fruit-
The
following year the installation of the
Rajah
place,
of Venkatagiri,
the Prince's eldest brother, took

ruler
and
at that It
ceremony was present the future
of Bobbili.
three sons of
was on that auspicious occasion that the the Rajah of Venkatagiri w^ho had been
adopted to the three distinguished houses of Bobbili,

Pittapur and Jetprole respectively, met one another, after
having been separated for a long time.

the wedding of the
The same
jêar
Prince was celebrated at Bobbili

>
42
The Aristockacy of Southern
India.
on a grand scale, but the happy pak were destined to Hve in peace and harmony only for two years, as the Bani
sank into an untimely grave in 1880, after giving birth to
a
son,
Kajah
Venkata Kumara
Krishna Eanga
Kow
Bahadur, the senior Kumararajah of Bobbili, the only fruit There is no rose but has its thorns and of their union.
was not, therefore, strange that some ill-feeling arose between the Prince and hjs adoptive mother, the Rani, but it did not exist long. At the intervention of Mr.
it
Garstin, the then Collector of the
Vizagapatam
District,
the
way
for reconciliation
was paved, but he was sudden-
ly transferred to another
appointment, and the amicable
settlemfyit
was brought about by the Honourable Mr. Carmichael, who was sent to Vizagapatam as a Special
Commissioner in connection with the
Rumpa
Rebellion.
Before the Rajah was raised to the gaddi, he married

his deceased wife's sister, as
for a
it
was considered inauspicious

ceremony was per-
widower
to perform the ceremonial rites attendant
on such occasions.
1881.
it
The
installation
formed on a magnificent scale on the 30th November
He was
very grateful to his adoptive mother, and
was
his intention that the
Rani should
live
without the
least uneasiness in
her mind, and he therefore set apart
the revenue derived from the estate of Karakavalsa and
some other
villages,
which amounted
to Rs. 60,000, for
the sole expenditure of the Rani.
The
his
first
and foremost reform which the Rajah
set
hands
to,
was the
raising of the Middle School of

basis, asking
Bobbili to a
High School on a constitutional the Government of Madras to withdraw their

reform, tending towards education, which
series of
grant.
This
a
was the
first of
reforms introduced later on, speaks volumes in

favor of the Eajah,
43
whose educational attainments and
Hberal ideas imbibed under the fostering care of Mr. Marsh,
have not been in vain, but have borne good

the blind, and the decrepit are subject to,
to deserve a share of their gratitude
fruit.
The
Eajah, not unmindful of the difficulties which the lame,
came forward
by establishing a poor
house.
The moral and religious training he received while young, had made a deep impression upon his mind, and it
his earnest desire that his subjects should
of free
was therefore
also
have the benefit
exchange
of
thought
and
with this object in view, he started an association for the

discussion of religious, moral and scientific subjects.
Two
Sir
years after the Eajah ascended the guddi,
H. E.
M. E. Grant-Duff,
the then Governor of Madras,

at the palace.
visited Bobbili,
and was the guest
Having
entertained a very high opinion of the Eajah, His Excellency

reply
made the
to
:
following remarks in the course of his

inhabitants of
an address presented by the
Bezwada
"
like
We have in these
much
North-eastern Districts
men who,
the Maharajah of Vizianagram, the Zemindars of

of Bobbili,
Mandasa, and
doing
and the Eajah
of Pittapur, are
in various
ways
for the enlig'j4;enment of those
around them."
In 1883 the Eajah went on a pilgrimage to Benares,
Gaya and other important places in Northern India, and after spending a few months in travel returned to his place. A sudden calamity that happened to him was the death of
his second wife at child birth.
This very nearly broke the
heart of the Eajah, but he soon rallied, and resigned himself to
the decrees of God.
The following year he
tra-
velled to the chief
towns
of pilgrimage in
Southern India,
44
India.
and before returning to Bobbili proceeded to Venkatagiri

to witness the marriage festivities
of
his l)rother, the
Bajah
of Jetprole. of the
The death
Eajah's adoptive mother, which
melancholy event took place in 1887, was a heavy shock to him, and this was followed by the death of his younger
son.
The Kajah bore the
losses with
calm resignation.
The year 1887 has left a memorable page in the annals of the British Empire the most noteworthy event
;
of that year in
took
part,
which everybody, from prince to peasant, was the Jubilee of Her Majesty, the late
Empress
all
of India.
The Eajah, whose

of the
gratitude
is
is
as
great as his loyalty to the British administration
beyond
doubt, in
commemoration
market
unique and auspicious
event, erected a
at Bobbili,
which was a desiderait
tum
for a long time,
and designated
"
The
Victoria
Market."
In connection
late
wîth this event the
Eajah sent
it
an address to the
silver casket.
august sovereign enclosing
in a
In 1888 when the Eajah paid a
visit to
Madras he
the
to
was rceived by Lord Marsham, an

Governor
of
aid -de-camp to
Madras, with the usual respect
which a
visits
Eajah
is
entitled?*
There were
visits to,
and return
from, the Governor.

travelled to
*ne
of
few months afterwards the Eajah

important places in India, where
some
of the
had the honor

E.
of interviews
with H. E. H. the Duke
Connaught, H. E. Lord Dufferin, the then Viceroy,
and H.
Lord Eeay, the then Governor

entitled,
of
Bombay.
This year a Question was raised as regards the hereditary

titles to
which the Eajah was

title of
and
after a lenghly
correspondence the
his ancestors
"Eajah" which was held by
was recognised.

H. H. The Mahakajah of Bobbili.
^^
in
Among several
other things, the
Madras Mail,
com-
menting on the Birthday Honors, made the following remarks about the Rajah of Bobbili:
"
The Rajah
is
young man
of
about 28,
is
a good
horseman, and fond of sports and outdoor games.
He
is
very popular with his ryots, and his careful administration

of the
affairs
of the
Zemindari has tended greatly to
increase his revenue.
He
is
speaks and writes English with
considerable ease.
He
an enlightened and courteovis
nobleman who has
travelled often
and
far,
and made many

^
friends in the three Presidencies."
The same year the Rajah married

present Maharani.
for the third
time the
He built a palace and styled it, "The Raj

of the
Mahal." The inside

sified in its
mansion
is
as varied
and diver-
arrangements as the exterior.
The. apartments
most exquisite style. The gardens and adjacent grounds are laid out and arranged in the most tasteful and at the same time pleasant manner.
are furnished in the
For more than three years there

regards the family property
existed a dispute
as
among
the sons of the Rajah
of Venkatagiri, the brothers of the Rajal-iR)f Bobbili.
As the
father and the brothers were alive to the fact that the Rajah
was circumspect,
able,
and
of
just, possessing the rare talent
of conciliating the
minds
men and of infusing
a spirit
o8E
unanimity into a great number of discordant parties, they expressed their desire that he should be their arbitrator.
The Rajah with
his usual
promptitude and willingness
spared neither time nor pains in bringing about a reconIn connection with this matter the following ciliation.
letter
addressed
by Lord
Connemara under date 19th

46
The Aristocracy
of SorTHERN India.
August 1892, 106, Mount

of the
Street,
Grosvenor Square, to the
Kajah of Venkatagiri, proves the high opinion entertained
Rajah
of
Bobbih by the noble
lord
"My Dear
am
Kajah,
" I thank jôu for your letter of the 6th May, and I very glad indeed to hear that the suit for a partition of
your estate instituted by your father has been withdrawn.
Family disputes are always especially disagreeable. Your brother, the Rajah of Bobbili, is a very sensible man, for
whom I
have a great regard, and has done well to interfere
in this matter.
"With
family,
best good wishes for the welfare of
all
your
I remain,
^
Very sincerely yours,

(Signed)
CONNEMARA."
On
the 29th August of the same year the Rajah was
blessed with a son, Sree Rajah
Rama Krishna Ranga Row
Bahadur, by his 3rd and present wife.
The Rajah attended the receptions at Madras, given to H. R. H. the late lamented Prince Albert Victor in 1889,
and to His Imperial Highness the Czare witch in 1891.
The
year 1893 marks the most gratifying epoch in the

it
reign of the Rajah, for
was
in that year that he left
on a
voyage for Europe, accompanied by his youngest brother, Rajah Venugopaul Bahadur. On the 14th April, he left
Bobbili, took steamer at
Bombay and
landed at Marseilles.
47
He
visited Paris,
and thence proceeded to London on the
19th May.
His Excellency the Governor, Lord Wenlock was kind enough to furnish him with letters of introduction
to the Secretary of State for India
and others.
St.
On
the
29th of that month they attended the Levee at
James'
Palace held by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales on Her Majesty's behalf. They were allowed the privilege of going to the Levee by the Ambassador's gate and were
introduced by the Secretary of State for India.
They
also
went
to the
customary Reception at the Foreign
Office in
honour of Her Majesty's Birth-Day on the 3rd June. They went by the Pimlico Entrance to the two State'âlls and
one State Concert given in Buckingham Palace. Having been invited by the Duke of Cambridge, they were present
at the
ceremony
to the
of laying the foundation-stone of the
New
Wing
the
Royal United Service Institute, by H. R. H. the Prince of Wales. They paid their respects to H. R. H.
Duke of Connaughfc on the 19th July, when the Duke said he remembered seeing the Rajah at Poona. They also went to the Garden Party at Marlborough
House, given on the 5th July by H. R. H. the Prince of Wales, to have the honour of meeting H. M. the Queen.
Lord Kimberley, the Secretary
of
Statvôr India, kindly
introduced the Rajah and his brother to H. R. H. the
Duke of York at the Garden Party given by Mr. and Lady Constance Shaw Lefevre to meet the Duke ancf
Princess Victoria
May before they were married. H. R. H.

at
the Prince of Wales,
the interview
given on the
10th July to the Rajah and his brother, was pleased to say that he was glad to make their acquaintance, to
which the Rajah replied that
it
was
a great
honour
to
them
to
be^ graciously
allowed to pay him their loyal
>

48
The Aristocracy
of Southeri^ India.
respects.
respects
at
The Eajah paid his most humble and loyal to H. M. the Queen-Empress on the 17th July
Castle.
it
Windsor
We
deem
a great privilege to quote the following

:
interesting account Irom the Rajah's diary
17TH
" I
left
"THE GREATEST DAY OF THE TOUR."
my
place at 20 minutes to 12 o'clock and

;
drove to Paddington Station for Windsor Castle thence I went in the Special train at 1-10 p.m., in which Lord
Kimberley, Lord Eipon, and some other Privy Councillors
were going to attend H. M.'s Council.
Sir Gerald
Fitzgerald
met me at the station and accompanied me to the Castle. The Special train arrived at Windsor at There were some carriages from the Castle 1-40 P.M.
awaiting to convey us there.
Sir Fitzgerald
and myself
drove in a
Landau drawn by
a pair of horses which were
driven by a postillion.
"In the Castle

there
till
called for.
was conducted to a room to wait There I had some fruit and lemo-
nade
for
for
my
lunch.
little after
3 o'clock I was called
and was conducted by Sir Fitzgerald near to the
Queen's Chamber.
Then the Lord-in-waiting
received
me, conducted mS" to the Queen's Chamber, and presented

.
me
"
to
Her Majesty.
hands with
me
in
H. M. was standing, and shook a very pleasing manner.

conversation,
Her Majesty's
though
short,
was
of
very
kind and pleasing.
Her Majesty was
pleased to
H. M.'s daughter. Princess Beatrice Battenberg, who was with Her Majesty.
introduce
to
me
"
Through Her Majesty
is
74 years of
age,
she
noticed carefully
my
oriental costume.
Her Majesty was

(

very kind and pleasing in her expressions.
I
49
was very
our
much
pleased,
and
felt
more honoured
in being allowed
thus to pay
my
most humble and
loyal respects to
Sovereign
who has
respects to
already ruled 56 years.
Since
to
my
pay
boyhood
have had an intention to go to England
my
loyal
Her Majesty.
Now my
wishes are
realized.
"
few minutes
after,
the Privy Councillors and
myself
to the
left
the Castle, drove to the station, and returned

train.
Paddington station by the special

I
Now
can say
country.
that I
am
I
fully satisfied
with
my
visit to this
distant
may
also
mention here
in
this
connection
am
the
first
Kajah that has ever come from the
Madras Presidency.
"
Thank God
this
is
the most happy day of
my life."
Shortly afterwards the Rajah was presented with a
photo bearing H. M.'s autograph signature, in acknowledging the receipt of which the Eajah wrote as follows
:
"I have no words to express my most humble and loyal thanks to Her Gracious Majesty, the Queen and Empress of India, for H. M.'s most kind favour in presenting me with Her Portrait. I este??n it a very great
and
special favour
on the part
of
H. M.
to
my
ancient
family which had been ever loyal to the
British Govern-
ment and whose
footsteps,
it
has been, and will ever be,
my
desire to follows
**
:
to
have erected a market at Bobbili,

Jubilee,
commemorate
H. M.'s
and on
to build a
Town Hall
Town
my country, I intend in memory of my loyal visit to H. M.,

return to
I
my
which, with H. M.'s permission,

'
would
name
tlio
Victoria
Hall.'

50

" I would beg you,
Sir, to
India.
convey to Her Gracious
Majesty, with every expression of loyalty, and with
my
of,
humble thanks, my gratitude H. M.'s Gracious Gift.

I
for,
and appreciation
have the honour to remain.

Sir,
Your most obedient and humble

(Signed)
servant,
V.
S.
EANGA EOW,
Rajah of Bobbili."
In reply to this the Eight Hon'ble H. F. Ponsonby
wrote
" Osborne, Isle of
Wight
England,
11th August, 1893.
" Sir,
much pleasure in submitting to the Queen, I am commanded by Her Majesty to assureôu that she has learnt with much satisfaction your intention of building a Town Halb in memory of your visit to the Queen, and that Her Majesty gladly j,^rants permission for the building to be named the 'Victoria Town Hah.'
I
" In reply to your letter, which I had
have the honour to

Sir,
be,
Your
(Signed)
faithful servant,
HENEY F. PONSONBY."

51
The Eajah presented an

Princess
ivory casket to
H. R. H. the
May
of Teck, as a
wedding present, which was

:
acknowledged in the following words
White Lodge,
Richmond Park,
Surrey.
"Her Serene Highness

to
the Princes Victoria
May
of
Teck, desires the Comptroller to convey her greatful thanks
H. H. the Rajah
of Bobbili for the beautiful gift
he has
kindly sent to her which the Princess has pleasure in

accepting."
4th
Julij,
1893.
to
St.
The Rajah subscribed 100 guineas

Hospital Fund,
Mary's
to
and presented an ivory casket
the
Queen-Empress.
Homes
" of
and his brother attended the " At the Duke of Westminster, the Marchioness
He
of Salisbury,
Lady
Battersea,
Lady Henry Lennox, and

of Jersey,
the Marchioness of Ripon, the Countess

also
and
Lady Temple's Garden Party and
the Anniversary
Fete at the Crystal Palace.
He
India,
visited
Lord Kimberley, Secretary
of State for
Lord Connemara, Sir Mountstuart Grant-Duff, Lord Herschell, Lord Northbrook, Lord Reay, and some
others.
,
At the public functions he was
also introduced to
H. R. H. Princess Christian, H. R. H. the Duke of Cambridge, the Duke of Teck, Lord Dufferin, Lord
Roberts, and
many
others.
During
his sojourn in
England, the Rajah
visited
Brighton, Oxford, Liverpool,
Edinburgh, and Bedford.
>

52
India.

On
the 22nd August he set
Paris,
sail
from England
and
visited
Lucerne, Venice, Florence,

S.S. Shcmno)i
at
and Eome,
embarked on the
following
:
Brindisi for India on
the 19th, and reached
Bombay on
the 2nd September,
He
received addresses
of
welcome from the people

where he
safely returned
of Venkatagiri,
and
of Bol)bili
on the 18th September 1893.
The impression made upon

Bajah was deep and
his
is
the English public by the
sure to be lasting.
He
attracted
universal regard by his personal qualities as well as by
exaHied rank.
as
The
mind
it
respect he received in
England
was directed
much
to the
felt
man
as to the prince and
his discriminating
the tribute, while his heart
perhaps acknowledged
as the
most grateful regard
to
w'hich his services for his subjects were entitled.
In 1894, in commemoration of his recent
visit
to
England, the Bajah
built
a hall, called the "Victoria
Town
who,
Hall," the foundation stone of which
was
laid
by H. E. Lord Wenlock, the then Governor of Madras,

after
performing the ceremony, addressed those
present as follows^.
"I
i)y
feel great pleasure in
acceding to the request
you to lay the foundation-stone here in tion of the visit which you paid to Her Majesty the Queen-
made commemorayear.
I
Empress when you

in a
visited
England
last
do
not think that you could possibly commemorate this
visit
more
suitable
and proper manner than that
in
which
you propose to do. It is therefore a matter of extreme pleasure and satisfaction to myself that I have been able

to
53
come here on
this occasion,
and perform the ceremony

what, I trust, will he the
of laying the foundation-stone of
lasting record of loyalty to
Her Most Gracious Majesty
the Queen-Empress, and of your devotion to her, and the

loyal principles with
which you and your family have

I believe this particular
always heen associated.
form
which you have chosen

of this country.
is
one most suitable to the people
They
will find in this building,
you are about

sions
to erect, opportunities of
which meeting on occa-
when their deliberations can be properly accompanied

as are going to be placed at
by suitable surroundings, such

of the generosity
their disposal as a record of not only your
own
loyalty,
but
and interest which you
feel
towards
It is for
ameliorating the condition of your

these and other reasons that I
own
people.
am
pleased to be here this
afternoon and I shall be glad to send
my
visit here,
and
to assure all
home an account of those at home who have,
as I have, a lively interest in all matters connected with

this country, that they will find, here in Bobbili, a noble-
man who
sions
his
is
anxious to do his duty to
all
by
whom
all
he
is
surrounded and
who
is
anxious to prove on
affection
to
occa-
loyalty
and
Queen-Empress.
With
these
Her Majesty the words lân do no more

is
than congratulate you on this auspicious occasion, and I

trust
it
will not be long
before the building
erected
which
those
will
be a lasting record of events, which have been*
of such satisfaction
and
gratification to yourself,
in the welfare
and to
who
are, as I
am, interested
and well-
being of the people of this country."
At the entertainment given at the Eaj Mahal, His Excellency the Governor proposed the liujah's health
thus
:
54

" Eajah, Ladies, and Gentlemen,
India.
have to thank
you, Sir, very
much
indeed for the kind manner in which
you have proposed

received
my
I
health,
and those who have

just
also
what you have proposed
now
in
an extremely
it
touching manner.
can only say for myself that
is
matter of extreme pleasure to
me
that I have been able to
respond to the invitation that you were kind enough

to extend to
to
me some
time ago,
viz.,
that I should
come
Bobbih towards the end

I
of this year to lay the stone

*
which
had the honour

* *
of doing this afternoon.
town and an estate administered in the most excellent and most practical manner. I gather, from every source which is open to me
"J;
Here
is
to obtain information from, that the people of this country are happy and enjoying themselves in quiet and prosperity,
and that you keep a

their interests in
watch and special guard over On behalf of a most special manner.

special
Government I can only express manner in which you look after

interested,
my
all
sincere thanks for the
those in
whom
you are
and amongst
I
whom
your work
is cast.
The
ceremony that
had the honour
of being present at this
afternoon was a specially interesting one, as it was one commemorating the visit which you yourself paid to Her
<;
Majesty the Queen-Empress, when you were in England

it is
one which will hand down to posterity a record of that visit, and specially of the loyal spirit which was predominating in your
visit to
own mind
at the time
I
when you
paid your
that country.
think I
may
safely say that, in
the Northern Circars, Landlords and Zemindars of this
country are animated by the same

you, and
if,
spirit
which animated
at aK.y time, their fortune
should be so great

that they should be able to pay their respects, in the
55
same manner as you did, to Her Majesty the Queen-Empress, they will be actuated by the same feelings of loyalty and devotion to the British Crown as you yourself. Sir, possess.
I
do not
know
if
it
is
necessary for
of
me
to say anything
for the
as,
more than, on behalf
Government, to thank you

visit so
extremely kind hospitality which you have extended to
and which has made our

very enjoyable."
*
-se-
very comfortable and so
-sf
-x-
-sf
The
following day,
His Excellency, on behalf
of
Lady AVenlock, laid the foundation stone thanam Gosha Hospital, and spoke thus
:
of the,,j3amas-
" Kajah,
can
only
express
to
you
my
great
pleasure in acceding to the request which you have

that I should attend the
made
ceremony
and
of laying the founda-
tion-stone of this hospital,
assming you
feels at
of the great regret
same time of which Lady Wenlock

at
the
not being able to be present here and perform the

I
ceremony which
have just undertaken.

-x-
^ * * " Your own family has contributed

particular direction.
gift,
*
largely in this
at
The Gosha Hospital

gift of
Madras, the
almost the entire
the Bajah of Venkatagiri,

of your family^
shows very well how keenly the members

take interest in this particular matter.
of
The foundation
this institution
here shows that you yourself are as
keenly alive to the interests of those unfortunate

of this
women
little
country, who, up
I
till
now, have received so
support.
will
hope
of
this institution,
when
it is
once started,
be the means of affording
relief
and comfort to a very
large
number
women
of this country
and
this
town
50
India.
and that other bodies and private individuals,

to see the
who come
good work here done, will not hesitate to follow
your excellent example.

^
^n
^F
^F
A"
" I have only to express the pleasure I have had in
being here, and to congratulate you on the extremely good
example you have
set to
others,
who,
like yourself,
are
of
responsible for the well-being of such a large
number
persons."
The Kajah
built the
Gosha Hospital and the Lady
Apothecary's quarters at Bobbili at his
own
cost,
and
handed^ them over to the District Board with a magnificent donation of Es.
20,000 for the
management and
up-keep of the institution.
The Kajah was very much indebted

friendly ad^'^ce he always gave him,
his intention to
to
Mr. Turner,
a former Collector of the Vizagapatam District for the
and
it
was therefore
in a subs-
pay some tribute
to his
memory
tantial
manner,
and
when
the
it
Eajah threw out his

took a definite shape,
suggestion to build a choultry,
and contributions came from the people of the District,

the
list
being headed by the Eajah with Es. 6,000.

following
The Eajah was kinghted in 1895, when the observations ware made by the Madras Mail
"
Among
the recipients of higher honours the only
Madras name that appears is that of the Eajah of Bobbili. This nobleman has exhibited progressive tendencies of a marked kind. He has, like several of his confreres in
other parts of India, overcome the aversion to undertaking
a voyage to England.
Since his return, he has been
endeavouring to show that the experience gained has had

the effect of enlarging his mind.
his recent tour in the
57
Lord Wenlock, during

laid the founda-
Northern Circars,
himself
tion-stones of
tions
two important and much-needed

the
institu-
which
Eajah
admitted
were
in
commemoration
of his visit."
of
The
camund.
ceremonj''
investiture
took place at Oota-
H. E. Lord Wenlock, the then Governor of Madras, invested the Kajah with the insignia of the Most
Exalted Order of the Indian Empire.
In addition to the
honor conferred upon the Kajah by the British Govern-
ment and the kind words

all
said of
him by the Governor,
his
offer
subjects without one

to
their
dissentient voice resolved
to
beloved Rajah the highest tribute of
respect and praise that could be bestowed
upon a Prince.
recipient of a
his subjects.
The Rajah, on returning

spontaneous
address
to Bobbili,
all
was the
of
from
classes
While thanking them

promised to
fulfil
for their kindness,

all
he said that
he could not carry out
their
in
requests at once but
many
of
them
due courbc.
On
this
occasion he showed his generosity by remitting to his

subjects, Rs. 80,000, arrears of revenue.
The Rajah paid his respects to H. E. Lord Elgin, the then Viceroy, when His Excellency visited Madras, and he then endowed a bed to be called, "Lady Elgin's bed" in
the Victoria Caste Gosha Hospital in Madras.
the
In 1896
Rajah
endowed another bed
to be
called
"Lady
Wenlock's bed."
When
by the
late
the seat in the Governor's Council occupied
Maharajah
of
Vizianagram
fell
vacant on the
expiry of his term, the then Governor of Madras nominated the Rajah to
it.

58

In the
India.
subscribed
famine
of
1896-97 the
Kajah
Kupees 10,000, to the Indian Famine Belief Charitable Fund, fed a vast multitude of poor people in the Samas-
thanam Poor House, spent about Es. 25,000 on
irrigation
works, and sold grain at a very low rate to the Samas-
thanam servants and
to the poor of
all classes.
In 1897 the Diamond Jubilee of Her Majesty the

late
Queen Empress was celebrated with great eclat at Bobbili. A durbar was held, a large concourse of people being present at it. The Kajah evinced his loyalty and
attachment to the British power by sending an address to Her Majesty enclosing it in a suitable casket.
On the 21st February
1898 the " Victoria
Town Hall"
:
was opened by H. E. Lord Haveiock. The following felicitous speech was made on the occasion by the Governor
"
The Eajah has
so fully
and
clearly explained
the
history and objects of this

little for
Town
Hall that there remains

it
me
to say except that I feel
a pleasure
and
honour
to be asked to
consummate the work

I
w'hich
was
begun by
my
distinguished predecessor.
appreciate
very heartily and deeply the sentiments which have
moved
the Kajah to carry out this work, and I trust that the
usefulness of the building with which he has
endowed the
Hall to be
Town
of Bobbili will be extensive
and long-lasting. With
these words I
now
declare the Victoria
Town
duly opened."
The people
him
at the
of the
Town and
the Zemindari presented
an address to His Excellency, and received a reply from
Town
Hall.
In his reply he said
"
Representatives of people of the
Bobbili.
Town
of
thank you for your kind address of welcome.

H. H. The Maharajah op Bobbili.
It
is
59
with
the
greatest
satisfaction
have heard the
tribute of praise
of
which yon have bestowed upon the Rajah Bobbili who, as you say, has endowed you with many
and they are valuable works to that extent. You admit that you are supplied with schools, hospitals, and other charitable institutions, and
useful public institutions,
that water-supply has been
amply provided
for.
This
is
very high tribute of gratitude and praise to your enligh-
tened Rajah.
you, you say that there
my
hands.
I
*****
In consequence of his munificence towards
is
very
little left for
you to ask at
am
glad to be able to join with you in ccy:;gratu-
lating
ourselves
to
on the success
I
of
the efforts of the
Government
distress
withstand the horrors of famine
and
the
during last year.
take this opportunity of

the
expressing
efforts
the gratitude of
Government
for
that were
in
people
his
made by the Rajah himself to assist the own immediate neighbourhood, and I
this
wish also not to lose

zeal
opportunity
of of
expressing
the
skill,
the high appreciation of
my Government
and devotion
of the District Officers
under extremely
and trying circumstances. I thank you once more for the welcome you have accordedô me here."
difficult
In proposing the health of the Rajah at the entertainment given to His Excellency in the evening of the
same day, the

" I thank
latter
spoke thus
you, Rajah, for the kind and too flattering
terms in which you have proposed the toast of my health. I thank you, gentlemen, also for having so cordially
responding to
it.
It
is
true, as the
Rajah remarked, that

the Circars was his
the determining cause of
my
visit to
GO

to
India.
invitation
take part in
the ceremony of opening the
Hall,
the ceremony wliicli I look

I
forward to performing
to-morrow.
had the intention
the country during this
coming to this part of season if it had been possible.

of
But
I
for
my
promise to take part in this ceremony, I think,

it
should have been compelled to postpone
to a future
sufficient
occasion.
However,
have managed to find
time to carry out the projected

country, and I
visit to this part of
the
am
very glad to find myself to-night as
the guest of the
Eajah.
am
certain
that
Lady
Havelock would have been pleased, if she could, with her presence on the present occasion, have given an additional satisfaction
to the Rajah.
But the Bajah has
rightly
said that
the long journey from Madras, performed in
the hurried
way
that
my
journey on the present occasion
was arranged to be performed, prevented her from coming. She could not possibly have undergone the Before I sit fatigues of this long and hasty journey.
down, I must ask you
to join
little
with
me
in drinking a toast
is,
which probably needs

Eajah
of Bobbili
is,
or
no commendation, that
the toast of the health of the Eajah of Bobbili.

as
The
we
all
know, a descendant and a
representative of the race which has distinguished itself in
the wars in this'ârt of the country, and has
left its
mark
is
on the history
of the Circars.
;
The Eajah himself
man
work
is,
of literary ability
;
he has also been an observant
traveller
he
is
a large
landowner who knows how to

best possible advantage,
of
his property to the
and he
Legis-
can
testify, a
most valuable member
my
I
ative Council, representing there the interests of the large
landed proprietary of the Madras Presidency.

say that
I
can only
wish that
we had many more men

like the
in the
Madras
"
Presidency and in India
Eajah
of Bobbili.

H. H. The Maharajah op Bobbili.
G1
The Madras Mail remarked thus on the speeches made by H. E. the Governor and the Eajah Bnhadnr
:
" It will be seen from the reports that the Governor's visit to Bobbili
we publish
to-day
very cordial speech-making.

the Eajah remarked
" It
is
:
was marked by some Eeferring to His Excellency
a rare fortune for a Province to be presided over
by such a statesman, a statesman who, by a life which has been devoted to his country's service, has added to the
high
gifts of nature, a vast store of practical
knowledge
sa3*ie
and experience, and who, while he is ready to popular voice and official advice, is at the
capable of maintaining his
listen to the
time
own independence of judgment."
In the middle of April the wedding of the Kumara Eajah of Bobbili was celebrated with much rejoicing. The
Eajah's mother, the Eajah of Venkatagiri, k.
c.
i.
e., Eajah
Muddu
Kristna with his wife, and Eajah Venkata Krishna
came from Venkatagiri.

the second son
arrived from
of the
Eajah Venugopala Krishna and
Madras.
Kumara Eajah The Zemindar

wedding.
to
of Pittapur also of
Sangamvalsa
was
also present at the
The Eajah was renominated

that august assembly.
election,
the
Legislative
Council in 1898, and he has since then been a
member
of
No
objection
was
raised to his
which was
felt to
be well deserved, whilst there,
seemed
to be every probability that his habits of business
would be advantageously brought into

Bill,
play.
He
express-
ed his views more freely than ever against the Tenancy
and thus
fully realized the confidence reposed in
him
by
his constituents.
There was a sudden bereavement

of Bobbili in
in the noble family
May
1899, caused by the death of the great-
62
rjrand
The Aristocracy of RouTHEnN

mother
India.
of the "Rajah at the ripe old age of
90
year's.
The venerable
lady
was very
fortunate, indeed, as she lived
to see her grandson's grandson.
third bed in the Victoria
The Rajah endowed a Caste and Gosha Hospital in
the
name
of the deceased
grand old lady.
On
of the
the 22nd of October 1899 the

;
Knmara Eajah was

first
blessed with a daughter
she
is
the
in
grandchild
" Sree
Rajah.
She
was named
to
November,
Victoria Vencata
Hamanamma."
The name
of Victoria
was
selected
by the Rajah
show
late
his admiration, love,
and respect
for
Her Majesty the

Government
Queen-Empress.
on the Rajah of
In ^899 the personal distinction of "Maharajah" was

conferred by
the
of India
Bobbin.
of
The Maharajah was Madras to represent the
selected
by the Government
aristocracy of Southern India
on the occasion
Edward VII.
His Majesty King The IVIaharajah went to England, was

of the Coronation of
present at the ceremony, paid his respects to His Majesty,
and returned some months ago after visiting many places There wâs a grand send off of importance in Europe. and great ovation when he
left
Bobbili for England, and
on returning safe^ there was a warm reception and kind welcome by his ryots. There was the usual presentation
of addresses to the
i
Maharajah.
fact
It
is
an
admitted
that
the
Maharajah
esteem
of
of
Bobbili
has
won
the
confidence
and
the
Government of Madras by the successful manner in His warm which he has been managing the estate.
heart,
his
open hand, his
free
and cordial
manner,
have won the love of his

affability
ryots.
His courteousness and

friends both
have secured him

njjtives.
many noble
among
Europeans and
I
(
11.
H. The Maharaja
of Jcypore.
kiiilikoto Estate Itcss. Kaiubliu.
-.
H.
H.
THE MAHARAJAH OF JEYPORE

{VIZAGAPATAM DISTRICT).
His Highness the Maharajah, Sri Sri Sri Vikrama Deo, Azem, Maharajah, Yujadud Dowla, Mahahat Assar, Yedal Yemeenay, Salatnut, Samsamay, Killapathay, Islam
Sri
Jhadkhand Badusha, Maharajah

District, naturally mild
of Jeypore, of the
Solar Eace, the possessor of a hilly tract, in the Vizaga-
patam
and
pacific like his father,
possesses a quick apprehension and extensive capacity,
evinces talents for business, and

for sobriety
is
no
less
distinguished
literary
all
and decorum
of
deportment than for
acquirements.
He
ascended the gucldl at a time vihen
animosities had begun to subside and tranquility reigned
The prudent supreme throughout the Samastanam. conduct of his father had removed the principal obstacle which had embarrassed his predecessors and to maintain
;
the tranquility so happily established required no arduous

exertions of body or of mind, no daring enterprise or
complicated scheme of pohcy, but the same mixture of

prudence, moderation and firmness as characterised his
father's administration.
Vizagapatam District, Madras Presidency, lying between 17 30' and 20 N Lat. and 81 20' and 84 4 Long. It is bounded on the
Jeypore Samastanam
is
in the
north by Kalahundi in the Central Provinces; on the

east
by the plain
of
Vizagapatam
;
on the south by
Eekapally and Golconda

area of the
Samastanam
is
on the west by Bastar. The 11,526 square miles and popula-
tion, 4,42,454.
64
India.
into
The Jeypore Sainastanam is divided Upper and Lower, which are within the
two
parts,
jurisdictions of
the Special and Senior Assistant Agents, whose Head-
Quarters are at Koraput and Parvatipur respectively.
To
the east
and north-east
of
Gunupur
of
lies
the
Savra Hill Country, consisting of two table-lands about
200 square miles in extent.
North
Gunupur
the
Samastanaiu runs up in a wedge-like form to a distance of 70 miles between Kalahundi of the Central Provinces on
the west, and Parlakimidy on the east reaching very
nearly 20 N. Lat.
In the centre of this

hills
district stands
out the remarkable group of

rise to a
named Nimghiris which
height of 5000 feet separated by the valley of not
more than 1200 feet from the ranges on either hand. The drainage from Nimghiries and the neighbouring countries
flows directly south-east to the sea, forming at Kalinga-
patam, the river Vamsadhara, so called from the

boos, (vamsa) growing
bam
on
its
banks and the Nagavali at

chiefly
Chicacole.
The population
Khonds and Sawras
number
1,37,966, the largest
towns being Jeypore, Kotpad,
Nowrangpur, Nandapur, Gudari, Gunupur, Rayaghada,

Singapur and Bissamkatak.
The western
portion of the
country consists f the taluks of Jeypore, Nowrangapur,
and Malkanagiri, while the taluk of Koraput lies in the The principal towns are Jeypore, Kotpad and east.
Nowrangapur.
The
religion
of
the country
is
mainly Hinduism.
Ethnologically the inhabitants include Aryans, Colarians,
and Dravidians.
colonists
The Aryans
are comparatively recent
and comprise the ruling and fighting
men and
the
priests.
subjects)
The cultivators called Purajas (literally number about more than two-thirds of the

H. H. The Mahaeajah of Jeypore.
entire
65
population,
Aryans represent
one-seventeenth,
retain far greater
Parjas one-sixth.
The mountaineers
independence than
the ryots of the Jeypore
and the
only
Malakanagiri plateaus.
rity is still unassailable
;
In the uplands patriarchal authoin the low-lying lands

it
is
preserved in parts M^here jungle tracts abound which are
being slowly brought under cultivation.
The Maharajah
Every variety
rajah
is
the rightful owner of the land.

is
of land tenure
found throughout Jeypore.

right.
The tenants have no occupancy

is satisfied
When
the
Maha-
as to the advisability of leasing out the

so.
land to a stranger, he has a legal right to do
The
pattas and ruuchalkas exchanged between the Maharajah
and his tenants are yearly documents and they contain

express stipulations binding the tenants to relinquish their
right to the lands at the end of the Fasli.
The
religious ceremonies
little
and
social
customs of the
various tribes differ but
from one another.
The
In
process of fusion of the habits of the later immigrants
with aboriginal customs
is,
however, very apparent.
those parts of the country which are in a prosperous

condition ideas and manners imported from the coast
districts
are
gradually
overcoming amd
absorbing
all
aboriginal conceptions, but on the other hand, in jungle-
covered and backward lands the colonists
are
always
corrupted by the superstitions of the indigenous races/
The
following
:
is
Mr. Carmichael's account
of the
Zemin-
dary tenure
"At
the period of the cession of the Northern Circara

Navili and Zemindari.
old domestic or housetracts
we found the country divided into The Navili lands consisted of the
hold lands of the sovereign
and
near to towns
66
India.
resumed by the Muhammadans and appropriated for the support of their numerous garrisons and estabhshments.
These lands the local Foujdars and Nawabs always retain under their immediate management parcelling out
the
rest
of
the
country into
Zemindaries.
of details
But the
Muhammadan
was invented
rulers
were impatient
of transacting the business of
and a mode revenue more
in the gross. Their revenue agents
were rendered stationary
in the districts
sible to
where they collected and became responfor revenue, receiving
Government
payment by a
percentage or share of what they collected.
Under native
hereditary.
governments every thing which was enjoyed, whether

office or possession,
had
a tendency to
become
There was a convenience in preserving in each district the same agent of revenue, and after him, his son or successor,
because each was better acquainted with the people and
the resources of the district than, generally speaking, any
other
man could be.
In
this
manner the
situation of these
agents became in fact

of
hereditary, and before the period
the English acquisitions, the Persian appellation of

g(3nerally appropriated
its
Zemindar had been
by them.
The
of old
Jeypore Zemindari and the family of

standing, and the origin of both
tradition.
*'
Rajah are
is
involved in a mist of
"Previous to the acquisition
of the
Northern Circars
by the East India Company, Jeypore was paying tribute to Hyderabad.

'Tn 1848, the
affairs of
the
Samastanam fell into a great
confusion owing to the insubordination of some

(jf
the Maharajah's family.
members The disturbance went so far
that
Lower
troubles
taluks were attached by the Government.

lasted
The
two years and broke out again in
H. H. The Maharajah of Jeypore.

1885.
67
In 1860, for the 1st time, the British interefered
in the administration."
Jeypore (Teypm-am,
in
"the
city
of
victory"),-
town
83'
the
Jeypore
Samastanam,
55'
Vizagapatara
District,
Madras Presidency, Lat 88

is
N, and Long. 82
situated at
an elevation
of
about 2,000 feet above
the sea 7 miles to the north of the northern wall of the
plateau of the Vizagapatam
hills.
The Royal family
of
Je3'pore traces its origin to
Jammu
(Cashmere)
and to a date many centuries ago.
Kumbhira]a>h Deo a descendant of Kanakasena of the

solar race
was once the King
of
Jammu.
He had
who
three
sons and the second of them,
Vinaik Deo,
could not
succeed his father, while the eldest son was

to
alive, repaired
where it is traditionally believed he made a penance and after twenty, one days of hard and rigid penance the god, Kasi Wisweswar,
Benares on a
pilgrimage,
appeared in his dream, and bade him go to Nandapitr,

telling
him
at
the same time that he would obtain the
throne of that kingdom.
In obedience to the mandate of

left at
Kasi Wisweswar, Vinaik Deo
once for Xandapiu'.

for there
The journey
not so
theless,
to that place
was not easy then,
were
many
facilities for travel as
thare are
now
never-
he did not
feel
the wearines of travel, as the
enterprise he
achieve his
had embarked on was such that if he should object he would be raised to a high positioif.
He would
As the
be an independent king ruling over a large
state with a
number of feudal lords under his control. journey was anything but pleasant, he underwent
and privations, and ultimately reached
^
many
difficulties
the place whither he was enjoined to proceed without

delay by god, Kasi Wisweswar.
On reaching the place, he
fj8
The
AitisTocrtACY of
Sodtheem India.
;
enterd the temple dedicated to

conrse of his nsnal pra.yer,
visit to
Sarweswar and in the he mentioned the ohject of his
the place.
in
appeared
The very night, the god, Sarweswar, dream to the king of Nandapur, and said
was present
at the temple,
that an accomplished prince
and that he was by
far the best qualified to receive the
hand
of his (King's)
daughter.
This was a surprise to
the latter but as he had had no male issue he thought

that he had better
make
the prince his son-in-law, should
he be endowed with all the accomplishments as detailed by the god in the dream. With this resolve he went to the temple where, to his surprise and wonder, he beheld
the prince dressed shabbily.
lost sight of in the
The
coarse garments were
contemplation of his fine form, his
upright gait and the intellectual cast of his countenance.

After mature deliberation, the King arrived at the conclusion that,
as regards the
new-comer the prince and
his daughter the princess, should
he resolve to unite their hands, there would be no circumstance to raise a suspicion of an inequality of social grades to present an insuperable
The prince related to the King the circumstances that took him to the place thereupon the latter took the former to his house and made him his son-in-law, entrusVing to him the management of the State. The new king, named Vinaik Singh Deo, governed
barrier to their union.
;
the place by a strict adherence to the laws then in existence
and by a mixture
of
moderation and firmness he succeeded
in maintaining the peace.
people of the place rose
For some reason or other, the against him and as he was unable
to subdue their turbulence, he had no other alternative
way back to his native country. In his wanderings he came in contact with ojie Bonijaro (merchant) Naik, by name Lobinia, who helped the
than to attempt to find his

prince with an
69
army
consisting of cavalry, and infantry,
With this equipment, Vinaik King Deo proceeded again to Nandapm% quelled the
and 10,000
cattle lor transport.
rebellion
and took possession
of the
kingdom.
In token of
gratitude to the merchant prince whose help
was most
This mark
opportune, Vinaik Singh

(a
Deo used
in his signature chatuni

.
rope used by the merchants for tying cattle)
has from that time forward been used by ding kings.
all
the succee-
Vianik Sing Deo went against
many kingdoms
of
and
conquered them.
The
boundaries
as follow
:
the
then
Nandapur Samastanam were

East.
Up
,,
to
,,
Chicacole.
South.
Rayavaram
in Sarvasiddi Taluq.
West.
North.
,,
,,
Bhaskali river and Bastar.
,,
,,
Budalingam beyond Kalahandi, and

Pota-Chinchada near Boda Kimidi
and
Gummagodo
near Parlakimidi.
Vinaik Singh Deo reigned for 33 years and died in the

year 1476.
He was
who
succeeded by his son Sri ViziachandIt
raksha Deo
reigned for 34 years and died in 1510.
was during his reign that the Goddess Sri Kanaka Durga and the God Sri Vallabhanarayanaswamy were brought from the Carnatic and established m the Nandapur town.
The next in succession was Sri Bhariva Deo, who was born in 1486, and ascended the throne in 1510, in his 24th year. The large tank which goes by the name of
Bhairava Sagar in Bobbili owes
Sri
its
existence to him.
him reigned for a long period of 44 years but his rule was marked by no event of importance. His son, Sri Balarama Deo who
succeeded
held the reins of administration for over a quarter of a
Viswanadha Deo who

70

followed in the
India.
century
wake
of his
father
by intro
ducing no changes in the administration and by adhering

to the principles laid
Sri
down by
his ancestors.
at
His son,
Yesovanta Deo became king

of IG
the
comparatively
young age
rule wâs
Sri
and reigned
for 40 years.
characterised
by events
of
The following some importance.
Vikrama Deo, the
king, transferred his capital from
Nandapurto Jeypore
of
w^here he erected a fort.
The Nizam
Golconda (Hyderabad) presented the king wdth a sword,
mohee-morath (nishanees) and an elephant with a yellow

ho7vdha, conferring Vîi L^ on
"
him the ^îI.V^ iil^ ilii^ îiV^ following

,,
titles
Azem Maharajah, Yujadud-Dowla, Mahabat-Assar,
Yedal-Yemeena5^Salatnut-Samasamay,Khillapathay, Islam
Sree Jhadkhand Badusha Jeypore Circar."
The Sunnad
Jeypore
Sri
conferring
the
are
said
titles,
and the
in
presents referred to
fort as relics.
above
still
preserved
the
was at the time of the marriage of the king with the junior Eani that the country lying between Gummagodo and Kiny villages was
It
Vikrama Deo had two wives.
alienated to the Parlakimidy family.
Sri
Krishna Deo,
the spn by the senior Maharani
came
it
to the throne in 1669.
He
was during this period that Poosapati Seetaramarazu, who came from Bezwada was given Kumili and Gandredu, and the following Zemindaries
reigned for a short time, and
were
created
: Bobbili,
Devupalli,
Rekapalli,
Narava Mutha, Kottakki and
Salur.
The next
in right of succession
was
Sri
Viswambhara
Deo Maharajah who reigned only for four years from 1672 to 1676. It was during this Maharajah's time that
the following Zemindaries were
formed
Pedapadam,
H. H. The Mahaeajah of Jeypoee.
71
Ramabhadrapuram, Makkuva, Sividi, Kurapam, Merangi, Palem Miitha, Palakonda, Birikotu, Pachipenta, Poram,
Rangavalasa,
Andra,
Koduru,
iSainbam,
;
Bondapilly,
Kalahundi, Bindra Novogodo, and Khariar
and
officers
were appointed
daries.
for the
administration of these Zemin-
There was now a break

the
in the line of succession as
the last mentioned Maharajah died issueless, while each of
former
Maharajahs
Sri
had a
son
to
succeed
him.
Viswambhara Deo Maharajah had a brother Sri Mallakimardhana Krishna Deo who came to the throne in 1676. He fought with the French and succeeded in capturing some of their guns at Nandapur. His Ijrother Sri Hari Deo Maharajah reigned only for three
However,
years and found an untimely grave in 1684.
Sri
Balarama
to
Deo, the brother of the former Maharajah

the throne in 1684, adopted Sri the grand son of his uncle Sri
Sri
who came
Eaghunath Krishna Deo, Yesovanta Deo of Gunupur.
Ragimuatha Deo Maharajah's reign extended over 20 years, and the only event of importanee was that Bissamkatak and Merangi were
made
tributaries.
Sri
After the
demise of the Maharajah, his son
Ramachandra Deo
Maharajah was placed

It
at the
head of the administration.
was
at his instance that the
Sangamvalasa Zemindari
was
established.
The
last
days of the Maharajah were
any thing but pleasant to him as family dissensions and quarrels weighed heavy on his heart. He died childless, and his brother Sri Balarama Deo, who was the main
cause of the family disputes became ruler in 1711.
He was
very unfortunate as he ruled the State only for a couple of

years.
Before he breathed his
see
the
Zemindaries
he had the pleasure to of Kalahundi and Khariar and

last,
Nuvagodo gaining independence under the auspices
of the
7*2
The Aristoceacy of Southeen
India.
brother
Sri
j\Faharattas.
He was
Deo
that
succeeded
by
his
Viswambhara
throne
It
Maharajah
a
who
the
ascended
the
in
1718.
He was
typical
orthodox
Hindu.
Yentra
was
he
established
Ugratara
and the Goddess China Kanaka Durga in Jeypore. The next in succession was Sri Lala Krishna Deo the stepbrother of the former Maharajah, who ruled over the Sa-
mastanam
Sri
for a period of six years,
and finding every thing His brother
in chaos, betook himself to Kalayanasingapur.
He
Vikrama Deo Maharajah came to the throne in 1758. was assisted in the administration by the well-known
It
Dewan Jagannadhapatro.
Maharajah that
fierce
was during the

place,
rule of this
battles took
one of them
being against the French at Malkanagiri; they were driven away as far as Godavery. AnotheT battle that followed
was with the Maharattas

of
at
Ummerkota.
Jamabandi which was hitherto of Hyderabad was transferred to the British, and the Parganas of Kotpad were acquired from Bastar for the
The payment made to the Nizam
military assistance rendered to the Bastar king in 1777.

Sri
Eamachandra Deo Maharajah ascended the throne
in 1779.
He
reigned nearly for half a century;
during
which long period cihe Peish-cush payable to the paramount power was iixed at Es. 16,000 and an elephant with four
was presented to the Maharajah by the Nagpur Government. The living monuments of his long reign are
horses
the
Jagannasagar
tank
in
Jeypore,
the
Mekhamala
and other gardens, the Jagannadhapur and Ganganapur Agraharams. The custom Sati being in existence then,
the third wife of the Mahrajah ascended the funeral pile with her husband. The British Government issued to the
Maharajah a Sannad Milklet Istimirar.
H, H. The Mahaeajah of Jeypobe.
73
Vikrama Deo Maharajah, the son of chandra Deo Maharajah, came to the throne in
Sri
Sri
BamaHis
1825.
administrative capacity
after
was
so great
that immediately
he assmned the reins of Government he instituted

it
such wholesome measures that he found
a light task to
change the chaos into order and

the personnel of the State.
to infuse a
new
spirit into
Several futuridars whose heads
turned and
who always
troubled the former Maharajahs
were arrested and brought to book. He was very pious and orthodox. Up to this time the administration of
Criminal and Civil justice was practically in the hands of
the Maharajahs of this family.
Sri
Kamachandra Deo Maharajah who was born
in
1843 assumed the reins of administration in 1860.
He
ren-
dered valuable aid to the British Government in quelhng the
Savra rising in the Gunupur taluq and the well-known
Rampa rebellion in
while, placing
the Godavery District.
The
authorities,
of the
on record their high appreciation

a sword, a military uniform, a
attachment of the Maharajah, went to the extent of pre'
senting
ring,
him with
rifle,
diamond
watch
of
and
a pearl necklace.
When
VII,
H. E. H. the Prince
visited Madras, the
Wales,
now King Edward

oiae of
Maharajah was
those that were
introduced to his Royal Highness,
who
presented him
with a medal.
Several educated men,
Brahmins and
in
Muhammadans, who him a great patron.
hailed from distant places, found in

It
would appear that
18(30 the
Maharajah voluntarily resigned the administration and Criminal justice in favour of the British.
of Civil
Vikrama Deo, was born in 1875, and as he was a minor of 14 years at the time of his father's death, the management of the
Sri Sri Sri
lu
The present Maharajah,
74
India.
Samastanam was taken over by Government.
When
made
and
as
Sri
the prince arrived at the years of discretion, his father
suitable arrangements for the education of the son
Dr. Marsh
who was then appointed
tutor remained
such
till
the expiration of the minority of the prince.
Vikrama Deo attained under his tuition a considerable degree of learning and a general knowledge of the arts and sciences. True to the principle that travelling is half education, the doctor took his pupil to almost all the places of
importance in India.
In the course of these tours, he
interviewed Lord Elgin, the then Viceroy and Governor-
General
of
of India,
and Lord "Wenlock, the then Governor
Madras.
Maharajah
Under the most favourable auspices, after the had received a sound education and the
of
Government
Madras had formed a high opinion
of his
character, Sri Sri Sri
Vikrama Deo Maharajah ascended
the gudcli on the 27th
November
1895.
It
was a day
of
very great rejoicing to the people of Jeypore to find the
son of their deceased Maharajah, with
all
the accomplish-
ments necessary
at
for a ruler of a large
Samastanam, placed
the
head
of
the
administration.
The
investiture
i.c.s.,
ceremony took place
at the instance of
Mr, Willock,
the then Agent to the Governor at Vizagapatam,

all
when
the local European and Native Officials were present to
witness the inaugm-ation.
In 1893 the Maharajah was
married to a princess of the well-known Surgoja House

iiL
Udayapur (Chota Nagapur) The fruit of this union is Sri Sri Sri Kamachandra Deo born on the 17th December 1893. The Government of India in recognition of the
.
merit and qualifications of the Prince conferred on him

^
the personal distinction of

originally
Maharajah
in 1896,
which was
Madras
in
owned by
his ancestors
both before and after the

to
advent of the British.
The Maharajah went
.'1
The Kuuiava Kajah
of Jeyporc,
Kiiiiikotc i,Vt;itc I'lfs^, Kiuibhii.

1901 and visited His Excellenc}'- Lord Curzon, the
75
A^'iceroy
and Governor-General
of India,
and
also
Sir
Arthur
Havelock, the then Governor of Madras.
He
again visited
Madras
in
January 1902 and had an interview with Lord
Ampthill the present Governor.
new
was
fort
The construction of the which was commenced during his minority

him.
After
completed by
assuming the reins
of
the Samastanam, he
old fort
made grand improvements
to the
now
in
the occupation of the Royal Family.
A temple was lately constructed by Her Highness Lakshmi

Devi Rajeswari, the Dowager Maharani,
at a cost of 70,000
Rupees and dedicated
to the god
Ramachandraswami.
the Maharajah that he
is
Be
to do
it
said to the
credit of
opens his purse liberally to any institution that
calculated
good to the public
at large.
He
is
not conservative,
but
is
very liberal although he
may be
said to be orthodox.
We
the
are,
glad to observe that he has offered Rs. 150,000 to

of
Government
the
Madras
for the construction of
the
Collab and
Indravati
bridges.
To
the
Victoria
Memorial Hall Fund
at Calcutta,
he lately gave Rs. 5,000,
and a similar amount to the same fund at Madras. The Maharajah and the Maharani Circar haê established four
cost of beds in Victoria Caste and Ghosh a Hospital at a The Maharajah sometime ago subscribed and^ Rs. 8,800.
paid Rs. 4,000 to the Indian

1,050 Rupees to
Famine
Relief
Fund and
Through
the Transvaal
the Maharajah
War
Fund.
Mr. H. A.
Sim,
paid Rs. 1,500 to the
Victoria
and to the Royal Asiatic Society's Medal Fund in England, Memorial Hall Redemption Fund in Madras,
Rs. 1,500.

70
The Abistocbacy of Southern
India.
He
pays the following annual contributions to the

of
Government
Madras
Agency Works
Vaccination
Medical
Sanitation
...
...
...10,000
... ... ...
...
...
... ... ...
1,800
700 750
1,200
...
...
Education
The Maharajah
is
aided in the affairs of the Samasta-
nam by M. R.
nary
of the
find
abilities
Ry. P. Venkannah Pantulu Garu,
who
after
having made a name as a revenue

in
officer of extraordistaff
the British service, joined the
Samastanam some years ago. It is gratifying to that the Samastanam has an efficient establishment
Officers thereof
:
and the following are the
1.
Durbar Sanskrit Pandits. M.R.Ry. Vidyabhnshana Kristna Nando

Garu.
Sastri
2.
M.R.Ry. Krishna Dass Garu.

Family Purohit. Deena Moni Radho.
A-d-c's.
1.
1.
Sri
2.
Sri
Lakshmi Chendra Rai Garu. Neela Kanta Rai Garu.

STATE OFFICERS.
Samasthanum
J.
Office-
Marsh, Esq., m.a.
t.l.])..
Administrator, on have.
Mr. P. Venkannah Pantulu, Dewan.

,,
B. Subba Row, Sheristadar.
,,
,,
M. Kamaraju Pantulu, Head-accountant. G. Syamalarow Pantulu, E. Head Clerk,

Divisional Officers.
1,
77
Sri
Sn Gopinadha Deo
Division.
Garu, Manager, Je5'pore
2.
Mr. V. Liiigamurti Pantnln. Manager. Gnnpnr

Division
LAW.
1.
Mr,
Somayajulu Pantnln, Yakil.
TALUQ OFFICERS.
1.
Jeypore Division. Sri Jagannaclha Qai, Huzur.

Bilkari Dass, Korapnt.
2. 3.
Pithambarasantro, Kotpacl.
4.
5.
Balabhadra Bakshi Bahadur, Nowrangpur.

C.
H. Snryanarayana
singpur.
Bow
Pantnln, Bhyrava-
6. 7. 8.
M. Gopalaswami Naidn, Omerkote.

K. Seetharamayya Pantulu, Malkangiri.
K. Simhagiri Patnaik, Nandapore.
9.^
Hari Kristna Patnaik, Eamagiri.
Gunpur
1.
Division.
D. Jagannaiknln Pantnln, Gnnpnr.

V. Gangarajn Pantulu, Eayaghada. G. Bamakrishnamma Pantulu, Kalyanasingpur.
P. Brahmaji 'Row Pantulu, Natayanapatam.
2.
3.
4. 5.
6.
Gorachendra Santra, Gudari.

K, V. Narasimham Pantulu, Madgole.
7.
M. Venkannah Pantulu, Narasipuram.

Medical Establishment. M.B.By. Vaidyaraj Vinayakamisri Garu.
,,
'
1.
2.
8.
Vikramaraj Payila Garu.
,,
Lobiny Maha Patro Garu.
Body- guards Kuinandan or Comuiandaut.

1.
Mr. Eahim Khan Sahib.
78

stables Establishment2.
India.
Mr.
J.
Langan, Supemitendent
1.
Elephant Establishment. Mr. Pithavasa Mabanti, Superintendent.
1.
Sri
J.
Huzur Guards Krishna Chandra Deo, Commandant.

Kannayya, Jamadar.
2.
'1
D, Hanmnantharow, Havildar.
Forest Establishment-
1.
Mr. C. A. Eber Hardie, Chief Forest
,,
Officer.
2.
C.
Hammond,
Divisional Officer, Jeypore.

do.
3.
E. D. Pierce
Gunpm'.
1.
Range Officers Mr. A. Gordon, Omerkote Eange.
,,
2. 3.
Barlow, Malkangiri Kange.

A.
M.
Clay,
Mottu Eange.
,
4.
5. 6.
,,
,,
E. G. Bm-by, Jeypore Eange. C. Butler, Eayaghada Eange.

Samuels, Gunpur Eange.
,,
1.
Saw-mills Establishment. Mr. W. A. Aberneithy, Superintendent.

4
Devasthannm Establishment.
1.
D. V. Suryanarayana
Eow
Pantulu, Ameen.
ENGINEERING ESTABLISHMENT,
Overseers.
1.
K. Suryanarayana Patnaik.
P. Venkatarow Pantulu.
2.
Educational Establishment
1.
V. Bhamiah Chetti, Tutor to Sri Sri Sri Yuwarajah Maharajah.
H. H. The Maharajah op Jeypore.

Thatraz or Commander-in-chief.
1.
79
Sree Narendra Thatraz, Zemindar of Bissamkatak.

Sirdars-
1.
Dargi Patro,
2.
Lokanadha Jenna.
is
The Maharajah
intelligence.
of middling stature
and
of pleasing
countenance and his eyes shine forth with remarkable
He
in his
is
elegant in deportment and affable and
unassuming
manners.
With
energies of
mind and
with splendid talents for business, he is patient, prudent, and attentive to the affairs of the Samastanam and skilful
in
conducting
is
them.
He
is
conversant with several
languages and
the sciences.
a great lover and patron of the arts and
From what
has been said above,
it
will
be
easily seen that
the Maharajah has been managing the

credit to himself
Samastanam with much

his subjects,
and benefit to
and towers so high above others that he richly

it is
deserves the highest honors that
in the
power
of the
Government
of India to confer
on him.
H.
H.THE RAJAH OF PALAVANCHA & BHADRACHALAM (GODAVABI DISTBICT).
Of the most
Parthasaradhi
illustrious
and well-known family
of
Palavancha and Bhadrachalam, His Highness Sri Eajah
Appa Eao Savai Aswa Kao Bahadur, Badshahee Munsubdar and Rajah of Palavancha and
Bhadrachalam
estates,
has
all
the characteristics of great
men, and from his rare perseverance, energy of character and various other virtues, deserves a prominent place in
this series.
Bhadrachalam
District,
is
a taluq and estate in the Godavari
Madras Presidency, lying between 17*^ 35' 45" and 17 56' 30" N. lat., and 80'=' 54' 30" and 81 8.'E. long. It contains 315 villages, half of which belongs to an old
superior proprietary estate, with 35,656 inhabitants, chiefly
Koyas.
This taluq with that of Eekapalli, was transferred
from the Central Provinces to Madras in 1874. Until 1860 this tract formed part of the Upper Godavari District ceded
in that year
is
by H.H. The Nizam.
The
area with Eekapalli
911 square miles.
Bhadrachalam
It is
is
the
name
also of
the chief town of the estate.
about 104 miles from

It receives its
Eajamundry, and 15 from Dummagudem.
name from being near

performed his devotions.
of
the rock on
which
Bhadradu
temple
river at
It is celebrated for the
Eamachandra who
is
said to
have crossed the
on his famous expedition to the island of Ceylon, and also for the annual fair held here in his honour. This
this spot,
temple was built four centuries ago by some Rishis of old but additions have been made from time to time. It
H. H. The Kiijuh
of Palavanchji
ii'
Bhadraehalaiu,
Ktillikgtt;
Kstate
Prtjss,
KaUlbha.
The Eajah of Palavancha & Bhadrachalam.

consists of a
796
main building with
a fine dome, flanked

It is
by
24 smaller temples on both sides.
high wall, and
may
surrounded by a be ascended by steps from near the
bank
of
of the Godavari.
great value.
The sacred jewels are said to be H. H. The Nizam annually contributes
1300 towards
great antiquity.
school, a
jail,
the maintenance of the temple.

is
Twenty
town About
miles from Bhadrachalam
Parnasala, another shrine of

also in
it
There are
court houses, a
station.
a post office,
and a police
20,000 people, chiefly from the coast attend the fair held there every April, when English and country cloth, sugar,
opium, spices, hardware, &c., change hands to the value of about 5000.
The One
illustrious family
its
from which the Eajah Sahib
has sprung dates

of the
origin to a time
many
centuries ago.
most well-known princes

title
of the family in olden of Asioa
days was the recipient of the

Mahar!j,jah Pratapa Piudra
Bao from
India.
It
who
held sway over Warangal
before the
Mahomedans conquered Southern

;
would appear that the Maharajah had a horse of the best mettle, and it was ungovernable but in spite of this
defect in the animal, the
Maharajah on account
and rode
of the
it.
excellence of the breed conceived a great liking for
The Prince
tried the horse
it
so well that the
Maharajah was agreeably surprised and conferred on him the title of Asioa Rao {asioa meaning a horse, and Rao* meaning king). From that time forward the titles has
became hereditary.
After the
Hindu kingdom
of
Prataparudra was overof
thrown by the
Mohammadan Emperor
Delhi,
the
ASWARAOS became independent for sometime. ^Vhen Tamerlane invaded the country and ascended the throne
79c
India.
Annappa Aswarao who is now reckoned as the progenitor of the family was the ruling chief of the estate. The Emperor however established his suzerainty over Annappa Aswarao, and granted him a
of Delhi in 1324 A. D.,
free perpetual
sunnud on feudal tenure under the condition of supplying the Imperial army with five hundred soldiers whenever called upon. The Zemindari had been
with independent right free of any kind of assessment.
enjoyed by eighteen descendants of the family in succession
Afterwards the Emperor Aurangzib, also called Alamghir
Badsha, once in war sought the help of a chief of this family and a Ixajah of Bholapur, and being greatly pleased
with the valor and prowess displayed by them both, made
them Badshahee Munsubdars.
The ruling Zemindar in 1796 was Kajah Narasimha Aswa Kao. Just then, there were many changes in the Supreme Government at Delhi, and the Zemindar, whose
assistance
his right
was sought by the Moghul Emperor, asserted and refused to comply with his request. Zafrad-
daulah, also
known
as
Zabid Jung, who was on hostile
terms with Bajah Narasimha
Aswa Eao
treasure,
foully
murdered
him and
estate.
carried
away immense
titles of
and
also the old
sunnuds and other important papers connected with the
To
the
the
the Aswara
epithets
of
Eao family were

liifuth
added
distinguished
va avail
x>andlia.
H. H. The Nizam took possession of the estate which under his management was called Parganai Hasanbad va Senharagiri Sarhar Kammamet Suhai Phiralmnd Buniyad Hyderabad Deccan.
After the death of Zafarudowla,
Eao, one of the descendants of

regained his estate and enjoyed
it
Eamachendra Aswa Narasimha Aswa Eao,

for a year.
Later on.
Thf Kajah of Palavancha & Bhadeachalam.
Idd
Bajah Venkatarama Narasimha Aswa Rao, the twentyfirst in succession from Annappa Aswarao, who originally
obtained a sunnud from Tamerlane, was granted a fresh
one by Meer Nizam Ali

1"240,
Khan Bahadur
titles
in the year 1798,
Hezree
with
the
of
Rajah,
Bahadur,
and Munsuhdar. He was further permitted to maintain an army of two thousand horse, and three thousand foot and carry an Alain, and Nagdra, and
Savai,
sunnuds were issued by His Highness the Nizam accordingly.
After him, Rajah
commonly known as musnud of Palavancha, and

and two daughters; one During the minority
family disputed with
Narasimha Aswarao, who was Savanna Aswarao, ascended the

died leaving three
minor sons
of the latter died unmarried, while
the other was the mother of the subject of this biography.

of
these children,
for
the
Settipalli
them
the
estate,
and the
Government having
referred the matter to arbitration
decided the dispute in favour of the minor princes.
The
eldest 6f these princes having died a bachelor, the second
one succeeded to the estate and held
it
for
sometime, and
was again succeeded by his brother Seeta Piamachendra Savai Aswarao Bahadur, who again obtained a permanent sunnud from the Nizam's Government. But during the
reign of this Rajah the estate
ran into debt and
was
mortgaged to a greedy sowcar.
About
this time, the
Nizam made
over to the British Government the territory

left
lying along the
bank
of the Godavari,
which included
Bhadra-
a portion of the estate of the
Aswaraos
called Sri
chalam.
Seetha Ramachendra Savai Aswarao soon after
died a bachelor, leaving after

a married sister.
him an aged mother, and
the
name
of his
was therefore registered in mother Kanee Lakshmi Narasamma

estate
The
Rao.
Ide
India.
While matters stood thus, the mortgagee sowcar who managed the estate for twelve years instituted a suit for
the recovery of a very large amount, the principal having multiplied itself half a dozen times under the most
complicated system of compound interest.
The
defen-
dant Ranee, being unable to contest the suit ably, the sowcar gained his case and obtained a decree for six
lakhs of rupees, whereby for only a half of the
amount
decreed, he carried off the best portion of the estate
the
thus,
two
the
patties of
Mulluru and Eamanujavaram

three
and had
remaining
lakhs
of
paid out of
her
ancient
the Nizam's
estate
exchequer.
Dispossessed
Ranee Lakshmeenarasamma Rao died in disappointment and despair, leaving a daughter and a daughter's son, Sree Rajah Parthasarathy Appa Rao Savai Aswarao Bahadur in whose veins runs the blood of both Aswarao and Appa Rao
families.
The young prince smarting under the
injustice
done to his maternal family, proceeded early in his life to Hyderabad and instituted a suit for the recovery of his maternal estate.
Rajah Parthasaradhi Appa Rao Savai Asiva Rao Bahadur is most respectably connected also on the paterSri
nal side.
He
is
the eighteenth in descent from the
first
which Venkayya Appa Rao, generally known as Vijaya Appa Rao, had obtained two 'sunnuds on the 80th January 1763 from Asaf Jah, whereby
of the family, of
member
he was granted the large Zemindari of Nuzvid, which consisted of eighteen parganas, and was also empowered
to
keep a nowbat
and
of
jhalardar-pallahi.
To
the
distinguished titles
savai, were
BajaU,
Bahadur,
added the epithets of
Munsuhdar, Thahavar-va Jaladai
Dastugaha.
The Eajah of Palavancha & Bhadrachalam.

The sixth Appa Eao, and
alias
in
79/
succession
were
Eajah Venkatadri
his brother,
Narayya Appa Eao. H. H. the Nizam of Hyderabad transferred his suzerainty over the Northern Circars to the British Government. Eajah Narayya Appa Eao had a son, Eajah Venkata
Eajah Narasimha Appa Rao It was about this time that
Narasimha Appa Rao by his fourth wife, and also two sons Eajah Eamachandra Appa Eao and Narasimha
The eldest Venkata Narasimha Appa Eao came to

his fifth wife.
of the eighteen parganas.
Appa Eao by
of these,
Eajah
the possession
In the year 1802 when the British Government com-
menced the Permanent Settlement of the Zamindaries, Rajah Ramachendra Appa Rao, brother of the said
Venkata
brother,
Narasimha
Appa Rao, brought
suit
for
partition of the estate,
and obtained a decree against
his
shares
whereby the Zemindari was divided into two and he obtained the half called the new-Nuzvid
Zemindari, and his brother Venkata Narasimha

volu Zemindari.
kliiet
Appa
Rao, was given the other portion called the new-Nidada-
They were
also granted Simnad-i-Mil-
Istimerars for their respective portions.
One unfortunate slip however occurred in this connection. The existence and claims of the other brother of Venkata Narasimha Appa Eao, Eajah Narasimha Appa Eao who was then a minor were not brought to the
Government, and they possibly misunderstood that both Venkata Narasimha Appa Eao, and Narasimha Appa Eao, meant the same person. But on a suit brought by the said Narasimha Appa tlao,
of
notice
the
the
Government
found
out
their
mistake,
and
as
they could not alter
the decision
already passed,
they
70.7
India.
granted him two villages of their own, and 14 villages from

the Nidaclavolu and Nuzvid Zemindaries.
called
These were
Chevendra and Tangellamudy muttas, and perma-
nent sunnuds were also given for the said two muttas.
Narashima Appa Eao was succeeded by his son Venkatadri Appa Eao, who died on 18th May 1891, leaving his son and successor, Sree Eajah Parthasaradhi Appa Rao, the present Eajah and Badshahee Munsubdar ot Palavancha and Bhadrachelam estates. He is as already described the grandson {Daiohitra) of Ranee Ijakshmi
Narasamma Eao, 'and

his heirship to
Government recognising that Eanee, registered the Bhadrachelam

the British
portion of the Palavancha estate in his

Sri
name
in 1869.
Eajah Parthasaradhi Appa Eao Savai Aswa Eao Bahadur was born in 1860 at Eavicherla in the Krishna
District.
His father was the Eajah
of
Chevendramuttah,
Chanubanda and jageer Eavicherla. At the special request of Eajah Narayya Appa Eao Bahadur of Nidadavole, Eajah Venkatadri Appa Eao Bahadur and the whole family came to Senivarapupeta and settled down there in
1864.
few years
died.
after,
Eajah
Narayya Appa Eao
Bahadur
Both before and long after his death, his brother Sri Eajah Venkatadri Appa Eao Bahadur managed the estate. The deceased Eajah had left behind him two widows. Ranis Papamma Rao and Chinnamma Rao. By virtue of the will left by Rajah Narayya Appa Eao Bahadur
moveable and immoveable property should be divided equally between his wives, accordingly
to the effect that his
they managed the estate jointly.

died before
Eani Chinnamma Ead

latter
Eani
Papamma Eao. The
adopted one of
the Eajahs of Nuzvid,
Eajah Venkatramayya Appa Eao
Bahadur, who died leaving a son, Eajah Narayya Appa
Eao Bahadur.
Sri
Eajah Venkatadri Appa Eao, the
The Kajah of Palavancha & Bhadrachalam.
72/i
father of the subject of this memoir, brought a suit in the
Sub-court of Ellore to cancel the adoption
made by Kani
in favor
Sri
Papamma Eao
of the plaintiff.
Bahadur.
The
case
was decided
Soon afterwards she adopted
Eajah
of the after
Narayya Appa Eao Bahadur, who was the son

first
adopted Eajah, and
who
also died
some years
adoption.
anybody.
as
She died a few years ago without adopting Sri Eajah Parthasaradhi Appa Eao Bahadur
one of the nearest heirs brought about four years ago
a suit in the District Court of
Eajahmundry
for one-third
share of
the Nidadavole, Baharzalli, Ambarupeta,
and
Medur
estate.
The
case
is
pending disposal.
The Nizam's Government under His Highness Meer Mahabuballi Khan Fattezung Bahadur, g. c. s. i., g. c. b., enquired into the case of Eajah Parthasaradhi Appa Eao Bahadur for ten years, and made over the estate to him which had been confiscated by them, on pajrtnent of the sum
was so confiscated, with interest at 14 as, per cent, per mensem, amounting to six lakhs of rupees. This order was issued in Fasli 1302 under No. 1032 and 23 Mahesaffur 1311 Hezree 28th Mohar. The Eajah was granted with the estate civil and criminal
of three lakhs, for
it
which
powers by the Nizam's Government as were formerly

enjoyed by his ancestors.
He
to
is
empowered
to sentence
j
offenders to three years' rigorous imprisonment, to fine up

to
one thousand rupees, and
award
thirty stripes.
He
given
has unlimited powers in
civil cases,
and could
try suits for

is
any amount.
Besides these powers the Eajah
permission to keep his
own Police, maintain
a Eegistration
in
Department, and issue separate stamps for use dominions. The Eajah still claims the remainder
estate,
his
of the
which the usurious sowcar had managed
to obtain.
79z
India.
for
His Highness the Nizam has the highest respect
the Rajah Sahib, and on every important state occasion
he
is
invited and
his
nazar accepted.
He
is
honored
by presents
of costly apparel
and jewel by His Highness.
On
the occasion of the installation of the
Nizam
in 1886,
the Eajah's nazars were accepted, and he was presented
the usual khillat (paga, sallas, a hlieenkliahtan,a pair of

yelloio
shaids) and jewels
(a
diamond kalaggee, sarpaish,
diamond garland, and a
pair of
diamond dast bands).
The Rajah Sahib has
also the privilege of offering nazars
in marriage and other important occasions.
The
the
state
was
owned
in
the
beginning
is
by the
MuTYALA Family, and Mutyala Aswa Rao

first of
reckoned as
the line of Rajahs that had been enjoying the
Zemindari from time to time.
The Zemindari was then
taken possession of by force, and successively held by

the Jalagam,
Tandra, Settipalli, Kandimandla and
Damaea
families.
Damara Aswarao adopted

in the dispute
a son
from
Kandimandla family, and

two families
for the
finally settled
between these
it
Zemindari and the adoption,
was
by the Government by arbitration, that the
Zemindari should belong to the Damara Family.

last surviving
'
The
died
male member
of the
Damara Family
sister,
a bachelor leaving his
mother and a married
and the
of
Zemindari consequently reverted to his aged mother,
Kanee Lakshmeenarasamma Kao, the grandmother
Rajah Parthasarathy Appa Rao Bahadur. On the death of the Ranee, Rajah Parthasarathy Appa Rao Bahadur,
who
is
her daughter's son Dawhitra became the heir to
the Zemindari according to
Hindu Law
of Inheritance, of the
and has been
in possession
and enjoyment
same.
Kajah Naravya Appa Rao Bahadl-r, Sri Kajah V'knkatramavva Appa Kao Bahadur,
?Ri
and
II
lui;
Iâjau
ok
1'alavanciia and
Bhadrachala.m.
The Rajah of Palavancha & Bhadeachalam.

The Rajah Sahib has married one
result of the
79;
of the daughters of
the Rajah of Mylavaram, in the Krishna District and the
union
is
four sons
alive.
and one daughter,
of
whom
only two are
now
The
elder
Sri
Rajah
Rao Bahadur has married the second daughter of the Kumara Rajah of Pittapur, and the younger Rajah Venkatramayya Appa Rao Bahadur is a
student.
Narayya Appa
The Rajah Sahib has established a hospital at Buragammala Padu, his present head quarters, and has secured
the services of a competent medical
officer,
and has
also
employed a vaccinator. The instruments are kept in very good order, and there is an ample supply of good medicines. He has established a Telugu and English
school with a good staff of teachers.
The
is
police
department
is
every thing that could be
desired under the able supervision of a Mivnthazam,
who
a retired officer of
much
experience having been in tha
British police for a long time.
The Rajah Sahib has secured the services of an armourer, who was once in the British service and has since retired, and whose work is to keep in good order the
muskets belonging
for both.
to the police,
and those
of the Rajah,
Sahib, and also to manufacture such as will be necessary
He has sunk wells for the use of his ryots and has also made new roads. He lately introduced a sugarcane plantaHe has also repaired a tion in the Palavancha estate.
number
of tanks
and
wells.
Idle
India.
The Rajah Sahib personally disposes of the civil and criminal cases but when he goes on circuit, his assistants The laws in vogue are under his orders hear them.
;
similar to those observed in British territories.
Whenever
the Eajah Sahib proceeds to Hyderabad,
His Highness the Nizam's Government receive him with marked respect by furnishing him with a body guard, a state carriage, and an elephant with amari.
The Rajah Sahib shortly expects from H. H. the Nizam Subadar powers which his ancestors had exercised
and also the dharmaJcartha powers chalam temple at Bhadrachalam.
of the Sri
Bhadra-
From what
patent that he
is
has been said of the Rajah Sahib

a
it
is
member of one
of
of the
most ancient and
well-known families
Southern India.
He
enjoys the
highest titles conferred on his ancestors by the
Moghul
Emperor, and he is today honored and respectedîby His Highness the Nizam but it is to be regretted that the
;
Government
have
of India has not as yet conferred
on him any
his deeds
distinction while others
who
are lower in the social scale
been honored in various ways.

Sahib
By
This
is
the Rajah
has proved himself very useful to his

at large.
ryots and also to the public
the only
Zemindar
criminal
in
Northern
Circars
who has
civil
and
powers, and whose claims to recognition seem
to have been neglected.
Those who know the Rajah Sahib personally, can

bear testimony to the fact that he
generous.
is
simple, polite and
He
he
is
kind to
poor
alike.
He
is
is
he treats the rich and the very religious but not bigoted. As we
all;
have
said,
member
of
one of the most ancient
The Rajah of Palavancha & Bhadrachalam.

families of Southern India holding a
191
permanent sunnud
from H. H. the Nizam of Hyderabad, but he has not received one for the Bhadrachalam estate from the British
Government, though other Zemindars hold permanent

sunnuds in accordance with Regulation 25
sion of the estate,
act of injustice.
of 1802.
He
is
a great lover of justice, and since the time he took posses-
no one could reproach him with a
single
The high
spirited
nobleman has done

and moving
much
to ameliorate the condition of his ryots,
in the best of societies in
Northern Circars and in Hyderabad he has become the great ornament of his court, the prime mover of wise counsels, and the helper of all useful
institutions.
>
H.
H.
THE RAJAH OF KALLIKOTE AND ATAGADA.

{GANJAM DISTRICT).
All those
who have been watching

fact, that there are
the progress of
events from one end of India to the other, can bear
some Zemindaries to-day in this part of the Presidency, which would seem to confirm the idea, that for any Zemindar who is imbued with honest and noble principles the path to success is an
testimony to the
easy one
;
history of
and among such Zemindars a chronicler of the the Ganjam District is sure to give a prominent His HighRajah Hari
place to the Eajah of Kallikote and Atagada.
ness the Raj ah- Sahib Mehrban-i-dostan Sri
Hara Marda Rajah Deo Bahadur

of the District
is
known
to the people
and those in the Presidency as a nobleman

manners,
his
of cultivated mind, of high principles, of polished
happy
ryots.
in his family
and attentive
to the
interests of
Kallikote
It is\ituated
is
a Zemindari estate in the
Ganjam District.
between 19 24' and 19 48'
Lat., and
between 85 59' and 85 14'

Kallikote.
"^
Long.
The
chief
town
is
The
estate has
an area
of 231 square miles
and contains 238 villages. The adjoining taluk of Atagada was added to the estate by purchase in 1854 by the former Zemindar. The area of the Atagada estate is 265
squre miles.
three
It
contains
203
villages
divided
lies
into
muttahs or sub-divisions.
Kallikote
on the
northern boundary of the Madras Presidency, adjoining

the Banpur country in Orissa.
fertile,
The
soil is
generally very
and
is
well supplied with water.
MvFlSlfSJxjTlS] fc!I\7l5] fSfvM^

Pnyi\f rg||Ci1?i^-f r^llliTiytVf rg||ljTlVt\f rg
ii
iSri Hiiri
Hara Marda Rajah Deo

of Kallikote
lâbadiir
Kajah
&
Ata'âda.
SJvTM
Kallikote Fstate Press,
Rambha.
H. H. The Rajah of Kallikote & Atagada.
81
The family to which the Eajah has the honor to belong

is
a very ancient one.
In order to trace
centuries.
is
its
origin
we
of
have to go back
Gopal.
many
the family of whoni anything
The known
first
is
member
of
Maruva Hari
his
said that
The
date of his birth

all
and particulars
it is
parentage are
buried in obscurity but
he
belonged to the family of the
Eana
of
Marwar and
that
he was in the house of

the Eana.
Mukund
Prasad, the brother of
Hari Gopal received a very kind treatment at the hands of Mukund Prasad, and in course of time he became a favorite with all the members of the family.
He was
Prasad.
advised
intimate
with
them and became fascinated
with the beauty of the younger daughter of
He told the
him
giii
fact to a
Brahmin
from
his
friend
Mukund of his, who
to banish the idea
mind, as he should
sect,
not marry a
who belonged to
as
another
but he added
that he would be permitted to do so by secretly performing
"Bisbavasu Gandarbhara Eajamantra?" and by giving 5000 gold coins to the officiating
the penance,
priest at Chittore.
for 27 days
known
He
accordingly performed the penance
and on the 28th day, tradition says, a big serpent emerged from the trunk of a huge banyan tree, swallowed him and threw him up again. He lost consciousness for sometime and
serpent said that
orders of
it
when he had
regained
it,
the
was "tSankanath," that under the the Siva Mahadeva it had given birth to him,
its son,
that he was
that his gottram thereafter should
be "Nageswara," and that he could marry the younger daughter of

in the
Mukund Prasad
The
at Batteswara,
near Puri,
that
Dekhan.
of
serpent further
added
the
of
grandson
Hari Gopal would
become the Eajah
Dekhan.
Hari Gopal and the
at Puii after a travel of
Eathna Mani 13 months and 2 days.

girl 11
arrived
Altet
82

;
India.
18 years, she gave birth to a son
with him she went to

hill called
the bank of the Chilka Lake, near the
Sammul,
unto
where the
her. of
serpent
referred
to
above
all
appeared
Hari Gopal, having experienced
the vicissitudes
was quite tired of them and therefore preferred to become an ascetic. He sold all the valuable jewels he had and with the proceeds he excavated tanks,
life,
sank wells, built choultries, and spent the remaining

portion of his
life
in prayers
of 92.
and
solitude.
He
died at
the
ripe old
existence
of her
The custom of sati was in then and Eathna Mani ascended the funeral pile
age
husband.
Gopal Ballabha,
their son,
went
to
Chittore to perform the funeral rites of his parents as a
Brahmin could not be had at Puri to ofiiciate at the ceremony. He met the Brahmin friend of his father and informed him of everything about his parents. He saw his father's maternal uncle, who was pleased to give the young man his grand-daughter in marriage. The married couple with Damodar the son of the Brahmin Sriend of Hari Gopal and his family and a number of followers, came and settled down at Goppa Kudu, now an island on
the Chilka Lake, where they established a temple dedicated to Siva,
known
as
Gupteswara temple.
Gopala Balla-
bha had three sons and a daughter.

prominent
After some years he
went on a pilgrimage when he met Daduva Manasingh, a
man
of his day,
and formed his acquaintance,

result
which soon ripened into friendship, and the

Gopal Ballabha gave away his daughter
son of Daduva Manasingh.
pilgrimage to
in
was that
marriage to the
From
Chittore he went on a
many
places in Northern India, and thence

in Central India,
went
to
Rayapuram
where he formed the
acquaintance of the then
gone to that place.
Dewan of Hyderabad who had With the Dewan he went to Hyderabad
H. H. The Rajah op Kallikote & Atagada.
83
and paid his respects to the Nizam, who was pleased to give him a sunmid for lands extending to a distance of
400 miles.
From Hyderabad he went

of his sons
to
Goppa Kudu,
where he heard that two

all his
had
died.
He related
adventures to the third son Maruva Kali Prasada

died soon afterwards.
Eana and
Maruva Kali Prasada Eana
constituted himself the
lord of lands extending through 400 miles as far as the
Rushi Kallya river and the Bay of Bengal in the south, and Orissa in the east. Of the 400 miles, 108 miles were
forests
and 292 miles, arable lands.
He became Rajah
to the
of half the land

for the rest.
and appointed minor Rajahs under him
The peishcush payable by him
Nizam,
was Rs. 1,400 annually.
From
the subordinate Rajahs,
he received Rs. 48,000 and the income from the estate

under his control was 32,000 Rs.
He
maintained 32
It
elephants, 150 horses, and 15,0U0 pikes (sepoys).
was
customary in those days to build

safety,
forts in rocks for perfect
and accordingly he
first
built a fort
and
lived in
it.
Shortly afterwards his
son died, and his second son
went away on pilgrimage without any body's knowledge and after travelling to many places, he went to Oudh, where he saw his brother-in-law, Ramakumar, and married two of Maruva Kalli Prasada Rana, who went in his nieces.
search of his son, met
with his two wives.

place.
him They
ruler
at Benares, while returning

all
repaired to their native
Maruva Kalli Prasada Rana installed his son Kuber

future
Singh as the
portion
and
spent the remaining
of his life in
retirement.
He
left
Goppakuda,
and
stopped in Ki-ishnagiri, six miles from

built
Kallikote,
many temples such
as
Dadheshwar and Ramachandi.

on a certain day, a cobra
Most unfortunately
for him,
84
The Aristocbacy of Southern

idol of
India.
in the temple.
lost his life, as
was found within the
Eamachandi
attempt
He
tried to
remove
it
and
in th*^
the cobra bit him.
Kubera Mitra had 9
sons, the eldest of
them being
Durga Prasan. In the battle between the Kings of Bastar and Jaipur, Durga Prasan who went to fight under the
orders of the Nizam, distingiushed himself so well that
the
Nizam
conferred on
him honors, and
wealth.
of the
While returning,
him with he brought with him some girls

load'ed
Chohanu community who were very fomous for their beauty and married two of them. One of them poisoned
herself and died, while the other died in child-bed.
his eldest son his successor, he left the place
at
Making
and stopped
Sardhapur a
village near Kallikote,
where he performed
a grand ââ??^.
When this ceremony was being performed,

Brahmins that
there arose a dispute between two of the
were present, when the Eajah ordered their immediate In the duel that ensued they killed each other, removal.
and the Eajah considering
bad omen, built two temples in memory of those two Brahmins.
this a
Bholabhadra Eana, the next in succession, went
to
Oudh, married the eldest daughter of his maternal uncle Harischandra Singh and settled down at Kespur, where he erected a fort. He established 258 villages and ducr a canal known as Kharkari which is now the boundary
line
between Kallikote and Atagada.
He
performed a
j Off am called "Choyana."
He
had two sons Narasinga
Eana and Deva Ballabba Eana.
The former was
a great
warrior and an accomplished athlete.
In a competition
between him and one of the warriors of Daduva Durga Mohan Singh, Eajah of Oudh, he came out victor. In
H. H. The Kajah of Kallikote & Atagada.

another
competition
85
with
an elephant
of
the
Rajah
known (as "BuUml," he showed

))y
his prowess
tail,
and daring
it
dragging
it
backwards with
its
its
and by pulling
at
forwards with
tusks.
He became famous
Oudh
the
and
married the daughter of
Eana Beer Singh
brother of the Rajah and stopped there for four years.
He
had two sons and Chandrasekara, the elder succeeded him. Sudham Chandra Singh and Balaram Sing, brothers
of the
Rajh
of Pattali,
went
to Puri,
Chandrasekar, took him to their place,

his
where they saw and arranged for

of a
wedding with the three daughters
member
omens
of
their family.
He
had eight sons who went
to the west
in the
for their marriages,
when
there were
evil
State,
and the Rajah with a weakness
of heart performed
a jagcim called " Chine " for the well being of his sons.
Before the completion of the ceremony two of the Rajah's wives died on one and the same night, while the other
died a few days after, in child-bed.
his
of
Nilambar Singh, the nexc in succession, went with brothers to Maidinapur and married the two daughters
Jalam Singh,
man
of
great
reputation,
went
to
Benares
on pilgrimage with his wives and died there.
They
also
jumped
custom known as "
Ganges and died Sohayavanam."

into the
of
after the
The next prominent member Sarbasewar Deva Rana. He left his

called
the family
was
native place, went to
Puri, formed the acquaintance of the Rajah of that place
Rama
Kesari, stopped there for

tlie
some
time, and then
married the daughter of
Maharajah of Oudh, Daduva
Amrita Singh Takur. There he performed a jagam called Sharada Braja I'eya and died three years after. Raghu-
86
India.
natha Deva Rana succeeded him.
He
married the two
daughters of the Maharajah of Puri, and performed a
jagam known as Agni Shtom. Visvambhara Deva Rana, who succeeded him, married the daughter of Rama Kesari, the Rajah of Puri, and also the daughter of Bagala Ameer Singh of Rewa. Then there was a quarrel between the Chohanu and the Rana families. Latchmi Narayana
Bhunj of Boudh, Bisva Mohan Singh, Ranjit Singh, and Baneswar Singh of the Punjaub sided the Chohanu people,
who were 4000 in number.

of
The
quarrel assumed in course
time gigantic proportions and lasted for four years and
eight
months,
many
falling
victims
on
both
sides.
Lakshmi Narayana Bhunj while returning

usurped 120 (coses) of land,
to his place,
Gumsur, which is in the possession of the British Government, while Biswa Mohan, Ranjit, and Banneswar, who came from the Punjaub, took possession of Palur, Biruli and Ganjam respectively. At this stage, there was a dissension between the Rajah of Puri and the Niz^lii of Hyderabad at Ganjam. In the battle between the two,
as
now known
the Rajah
his
life.
Biswambara who helped the Rajah

of the family
of Puri lost
The next prominent member

chandra Deo.
that were
left
was Ramaof
He
ruled over only 45
(coses)
land
out of the 400 coses his ancestors had held.
TVith the object of regaining the lost lands, he collected

pikes (sepoys), but died before his object
was accomplished.
is
Of the 11 others that succeeded him, there

importance to mention here.
nothing of
Ganga Pershad Rana, who
was somewhat prominent, married the daughter of the Maharajah Sivanand Singh of Benares. He died from
the effects of a thunderbolt that struck him, leaving behind
him
his
two sons named Gendu and Kirthan.
H. H. The Kajah of Kallikote & Atagada.
87
The
brothers
who
succeeded their father rendered
themselves very popular by their amiability and noble

nature, and after a time they paid a visit to the
Nizam,
with the sunnuds their predecessors had received from him. The Nizam gave them a warm reception and granted
them lands which were one
third of Kallikote, and
which
is
now known
in
battle,
as Chattramutta.
in
Machandri who was
They took arms against possession of Paluru, defeated him

to kill his wife, she obtained
and while about
from them a promise that they and their successors, would perform the ceremony known as Pithirni in com-
memoration
on the
first
of their death.
This
is
performed every year

of
Sunday
of
the
month
Chaitra.
They
secured the Punkala
Muttah which is one third of Kallikote,

the neighbouring Zemindaries of
Birudi and Atagada,

Kallikote with a
childless
sunnud from the Nizam,
but Kirthan had sons.
One
of
Gendu died them went to
Jalanthra, married the daughter of the Kajah of that place,
and
i^topped
there.
The
other,
Syam Sundara Deo,

Bhibul
married the two daughters of Katur

Benares.
pilgrimage to
Singh of
After ruling the estates for a time, he went on a
Kameswaram and
other places leaving his
son Gangadhar as his successor.
Gangadhar was very

called
religious
and therefore
esta-
blished 32 temples in his estates.
He extended
the canals
Kharkari and Kalajur.
He
performed a jagam at
Kontapoda, where he established a Siva Linga dedicatee?

to Siddeswar.
He went
in
battle.
against the Kajah of Puri and
defeated
him
his
had a host
of educated
estate.
ment
of
He was a learned man and he men under him for the manageHe was succeeded by his son
Vikrama Deo, who married the two daughters of Katoor Mahadeo Singh of Benares and also the three daughters
88
of

Avatat
India.
Dadma
Ram
fSing.
Haricharan Rajah who
succeeded him had a chequered career.

for sometime.
He was
once
the
captured by the Rajah of Parla and kept in confinement

It
was not
long, before he married
granddaughter of the Rajah of Parla and got the

Chotra Sahib.
title of
He went
with his wife to Kallikote and

life
spent the remaining portion of his
there.
He was
called
succeeded by Krishna Saran
who performed ajagam
Saradhabaja Peya.
He was ill for a long time, and
think-
ing a change would restore his health, he went to Cuttack,
where he
died.
Balakeswara Deo who succeeded him

of Puri to
went with the Rajah

the
Cuttack and there they

Singh, a
married the daughters of Sri
Rama
It
member
of
Chohanu community.
title of
that the Rajah of
on this occasion Puri conferred on Bala Keswara Deo,

as a hereditary distinction.
was
the
Mar da Baja
also built
The
latter discovered the waterfall,
known
as
Nirmala Jhar,
a
where he
some temples.
and
also
He dug
built
big tank
Marda
gift
Sagar, founded a village and gave
it
away
Deo,
as a
to
poor Brahmins,
a fort
called
"Mardakote."
Jagannadha
Marda Raja
who
succeeded him, lived to a great age, and had the pleasure

of seeing his great grandson.
*^
The next prominent member of the family was Madan He had many brothers, and Gopal Marda Raja Deo. there was a quarrel among them, with the result that some of them were killed, and a few left the place. One of them Nalinakya Marda Raja Deo succeeded him. He founded many villages in his name, and made considerable improvement in the estate.
The people
of
Ganjam,
in a body,
at this time, rose
against the British Government,
when
it
would appear that
H. H. The Eajah of Kallikote & Atagada.
89
the authorities suspecting the Rajahs to have had a hand

in
it,
curtailed
their powers,
and ranked
them among
Zemindars.
Jagannadha Marda Eaja Deo, who came next was

a religious turn of mind.
his time at Puri,
of
He
spent the major portion of
where he
died.
Bala Keswara Singh
Marda Eaja Deo who married the daughter of the Eajah of Surangi, made manj^ additions to the estate. His successor, Narayana Marda Eaja Deo, married the first
daughter of the Eaja of Boudh.
Eaja Sahib Mehrban-i-dostan Narayana Marda Eaja Deo, the father of the present Eajah, was the next
Sri
prominent member of the family

sister; the latter
he had a brother and a
was married
Sri
to
Bhraja Eajah Singh, the
Eajah
of Dharakota.
Narayana Marda Eaja Deo was
highly accomplished in Sanskrit and Oriya, and in matters
was an expert. He married the daughter of the Eaâli of Boudh. As he was childless by this wife, he married another, the daughter of the Bardana Samanth of Eamapur, a member of the Eouth family in Orissa. His third wife was the daughter of Biswanath Singh
military,
of Tekkali, a
member
of the
Chohanu community.
The
second wife had three sons and four daughters, the eldest
of
them being the present Eajah.

first
The other two sons

in
Orissa.
died and the
of the of
daughters has married Eaja
Eaghunath
second
is
Singh
Bali
Atagada
The
still
unmarried, whilst the third has married
the present Eajah of Dharakote in the
By
the
the
first
wife, Sri
Ganjam District. Narayana Marda Eaja Deo has a

of the
daughter,
who is the wife Ganjam District. The
Eajah
of
Surangi in
building of the
temple of
Jaganatha,in Kallikote, which was begun seven geeratious
90
ago,

was
finished in
liis
India.
time at a cost of over a lakh of
Eupees.
He
built, at
a cost of more than 10,000 Rupees a

it
temple at Kallikote, dedicating

excavated a tank
it
to Balinkeswari.
He
known
At a
as
Babucha Bandho spending on
5,000 Rupees.
cost of about Rs. 25,000, he con-
structed kitchens attached to the Bhubanes war temple

of
one
famous temples in India near Puri. He purchased a shamiana for Rs. 12,000 and gave it away as a
the
present to the temple in Jagannath.
In order that the
revenue of a village might be used to meet the expenses

of the feeding of the
Vaishnavas of Puri, he purchased

it
the village and gave
away
as a gift.
He
established a
Sanskrit school for the diffusion of vedic
lore.
He was
a great admirer of ayurvedic medicines, and he encour-
aged the use of them by securing the services of competent

physicians
who
and
looked to the medical wants of the people

also those of the
of Kallikote
smTounding
villages.
had under him ten Pundits well versed in Sanskrit. established two villages in his name and gave thei^n away
as gift to poor
He He
Brahmins.
They
are
known
as "
Narayana
Puri
"
one
is
in Kallikote
at
The former is valued
and the other, in Atagada. Rs. 20,000, and the latter at 7,000.
He
once fed 7,000 poor people at Godavari, and gave a giftof a Rupee each on another occasion he fed 4,000 people
;
at Puri
with
a gift of
Rupee each
jagani
once again he fed
4,000 people at Prayagh and gave each of

*-B.e iêrJioi-med
them
of
a Rupee*
the
A gnishtom
o^t
Kallikote, spend-
ing a lakli of Rupees.

failed to
The then Zemindar
Atagada
pay the peishcush due to Government, and the estate was put to public auction when the Rajah bought
it.
He
built a palace at Kallikote
conformably to modern
appliances and
universally
taste
and
fashion with
the necessary
furniture as
became
a Rajah.
He was
known

H. H. The Kajah op Kallikote & Atagada.
and respected
for his unflagging energy, zeal
91
and
charity.
He
cost,
celebrated the marriages of
many
people at his
own
upanayanam (thread-wearing ceremony) of many poor Brahmin boys. He had on several occasions met the expenses of many poor people who went on
also the
and
pilgrimage.
On
the occasion of the thread-wearing cere-
mony
of the present Eajah, his father gave
away a
village
as gift to his family priest.
The
less a
following letter that
was addressed
to
him by no
personage than Lord Napier, the then Governor of Madras, speaks for itself, about the Eajah's generosity
:
Chatterpoee,
" Str,
Jiihj 21st, 1866.
My
Friend,
arrival in this District, I
was much gratified to learn from Mr. Forbes that you had taken a most liberal part in relieving the wants of the people in yom' estate Rs well as those who repaired to your residence from the adjoining country. This conduct was most worthy of a person of your high position and descent
and inspires the Government with a particular esteem
your character.
It is a
On my
for
matter of regret to
the
me
that your
subsequent
illness
and
misfortunes
it
which
have
occurred in your family have rendered
necessary for
Government
to
suspend the measures of
relief
which you
passed,*
had undertaken.
and that you
the people.
I trust that this period has
now
will feel yourself justified in co-operating
with Government in providing means for the support of
Should this be the case
pleasure to assist you in
me any way which you may

it
will give
great
point
out to the Collector of the District.

in
If the stores of rice
your
possession
are
exhausted
by the numberj of
92
persons
India.
Government would supply with rice at the cost price at Madras and take upon themselves the charge of transport, or Government would
have
fed,
whom you
be
prepared to exhaust directly a certain share of the
expenditure which you

food.
may make on
the distribution of
It is very desirable that relief should be afforded at
Kallikote or
in
its
immediate
vicinity,
in order that
it
the people
difticult to
may
not crowd to other places where
is
supply the wants of so great a number.
hope before leaving this country to visit Kallikote and to thank you personally for your charitable exertions.
I I remain. Sir,
Yoar
sincere friend and well-wisher,
(Signed)
NAPIEE,
Governor of Madras.
The Eajah,
o,nd a daughter.
after a brief illness, died at Kallikot,

old, leaving
when
he was only 53 years
behind him three sons
Sri
born at
Eaja Hari Hara Marda Eaja Deo Bahadur, was Kallikote, on the 10th July 1872. There was good
all
deal of jubilation
over the estate on hearing the news
of the birth of the prince. of the
Many
poor were fed in honor
event,
and monev was

first
also distributed
amons
experi-
"them.
He was
taught
Sanskrit
by
an
enced pundit of rare attainments.

taught English at Kallikote.
progress, as the death of his father
his
After sometime he was
He
make much interfered much with

did not
of
study.
the
The Court management of the
of
Wards took charge
the
estate
and sent the young Eajah
to Parlakimedi for education.
He
remained there
for a

short time and then
93
went
of
to
Madras, where he was placed

of
under the care and tuition
Mr. E. AV. Potts, a well-
known
political
educationist
his
day,
who
devoted
much
as
attention to give
the young pupil such instruction in

subjects
his
economy and other kindred calculated to enable him to manage
was
well.
estate
His intelligence and understanding were seen and admired by those who came in contact with him; his love of
pleasure had not so
case of
much
ascendancy^ over
him
as in the
friends,
many
other princes of his position.
His
his teachers,
and those who knew him most intimately

of
were thoroughly sensible

faculties,
the extent of his mental

close,
and when his education came to a
he was
considered as one
a distinguished
who had the best chance of gaining position among the princes of Southern
of his 21st year, in 1883,
India.
At the completion
he
tha
took charge of the
Court of
management of his estate from Wards, and made his brother Yuvaraj.
of
The Eajah Sahib married in 1891, the first daughter Babu Brindabhan Chandra Bhunja Deo, Chotra
of
Sahib of Mourbhunj, the paternal uncle of the present
Maharajah
Mourbhunj, a Native State
in the Balasore
ill,
District, Orissa.
The Eani was suddenly taken
when
She
the best of medical aid was obtained but in vain.
died after being confined to her bed only for a short time*
The Eajah married his deceased wife's sister in 1895, when under the directions of H. E. the Governor of
Madras,
thus
:
the Private
Secretary,
Mr.
MacUartie wrote
2Sth May, 1895.
My Dear
I
Sir,
am much
obliged for your letter dated 17th instant.
am now to
convev H. E. the Governor's congratulations

94

India.
cere-
on the successful performance of your marriage

monials.
Wishing you
a long and prosperous

I
life.
remain,
Yours
(Signed)
sincerely,
C. F.
MacCAETIE.
was the Eajah Sahib that purchased the Eambha Estate from Mr. F. J. B. Minchin some years ago. As the major portion of the Chilka Lake which is attached
It
to that estate belongs to the
ficcount of
it
from
W. W.
Eajah Sahib we give an Hunter's Orissa

:
"A
native tradition relates how, about the year of

318, a strange race (the Yavanas)
Our Lord
came
sailing
accross the sea, and cast anchor off the holy city of Puri,
hoping to capture the temple, with

treasure-house of costly oblations.
for
its store of jewels,
and
But the
priests^
having
days beforehand seen quantities of
litter
from the
horses and elephants drifting ashore, fled with the precious
image and
appointed
left
an empty
city to the invaders.
The
dis-
General Eed-arm
(Eakhta-Bahu) by name,
enraged
at the tell-tale tide,
advanced
in battle
array to
for a
punish the ocean.
The
sea receded
deceitfully
couple of miles, and then suddenly surging in upon the
presumptons foreigners, swallowed them up.

time
it
At the same
flooded
a great
part of the Puri District, and
formed the Chilka Lake.
We take
Forbes
"
:
the following from " Wild-life in Canara" by

i
The Chilka Lake extends from Pooree to the neighbourhood of the town of Ganjam, a distance of nearly fifty
H. H. The Kajah of Kallikote & AtactAda.

miles, with an average width of ten miles.
It
is
is
95
separated
from the sea by a narrow sandy

its
plain, but
bordered on
hill
inland side by a varied and beautiful margin of
and woodland.
the rains
The
lake
is
fed
by a branch
of
the
Mahanuddi (which
its
joins the sea near Pooree),
and during
surplus waters cut their
way
to the sea at
the narrowest point of the intervening plain, by a channel
which remains open

vear.
"
to the tide for the greater part of the
Thus the Chilka

;
is
neither wholly salt nor wholly
fresh
of
but
it is full
of fish,
produces immense quantities

Pelicans
prawns, and
of
ia
in
consequence the resort of great
numbers
different
wild
fowl.
and
cormorants
of all sizes
of
sorts fish its waters,
and waders and vast
and
fish-
species feed along its shores.
The osprey and the
hawk
are always to be seen there,

teal of
flocks of wild
duck and
haunt.
"
many
varieties
make
it
their favourite
Among
the rocks at the base of the
hills
which here
and there descend into the

green
lake, colonists of others find a

is
congenial home, and where there

turf,
space for a margin of
the peafowl steals out from
among
the overto pick
hanging bamboo clumps, morning and evening,
up small marine
insects.
" Several islands are scattered about the lake, some
flat
*
and rush-grown, where water-rail and teal, and some other species breed, and where collectors of eggs may find specimens not often procurable. But the most remark,
able of the group
is
Bird Island, a high pile of boulders at
the southern end of the lake, and distant about two miles
from the shore.
It is greatly
favoured by birds of
many
sorts as a breeding-place.

9(j
India.
"A
Chilka
is
quarter of a mile from the western shore of the
Deer Island, a low sandy

its
islet,
almost covered
rise
with thicket, except along

fall
shores,
where the
and
of
tidal
water only permits the growth of a wide
margin
There are glades here and there among the underwood and yew trees. The whole of the little island is less than a mile. This is the chosen haunt
of saline tm-f.
of a small
herd of spotted deer which seems to cross at
pleasure from the mainland,
some
of
them being almost
always to be found on " Deer Island."

"
The sandy
is
from the sea

lake
which separates the Chilka Lake not more than two miles wide, and it
plain
sea.
becomes gradually narrower towards the spot where the

is
open to the and they
Considerable herds of antelope

is
graze over this plain, which

grass,
in parts thinly clothed with
may
be stalked and coursed there."

is
The Eajah Sahib

Governors
of
not
unknown
to the
present
Viceroy and also to the present and some of the former
Madras.
its
They have
of the
all visited
the Chilka
Lake, enjoyed
estates of the
beautiful scenery
able
and have spoken

of the
in praiseworthy terms
management
Eajah Sahib.
Sir
:
Arthur Havelock wrote
thus, under date, 1st April 1898
"My Dear
which
"
Eajah,
sending you.
I
I beg your acceptance of the photographs of myself

I
am
take the opportunity of
thanking you once more for your kindness and hospitality

at
Eambha.
I retain a pleasant recollection of
my
visit."
With
expressions of regard,
I remain.
Your
(Signed)
sincere Friend,
A. E.
HAVELOCK.

H. H. The Rajah of Kallikote
(fe
Atagada.
97
The present Eani
is
an accomplished lady in Uriya.
She has published a book entitled " Balikapato," which is a very interesting reading. The whole of the Ramayana
and the Mahabarata is epitomised in it in dialogue form, showing the acute intelligence of the authoress.
Besides the
Ramayana and
gratis.
the Mahabarata there are also
many
who
of
other points of interest in the book, copies of which
are given
away
died a child of
to
She gave birth to a son in 1898, 8 months, when H. E. the Governor

the Rajah
Madras wrote
:
Sahib in the
following
terms
Uth
"
April 1898.
My Dear
It is
Rajah,
with sincere sorrow that I have heard of the
terrible loss
little son.
you have sustained

you to know that
I
in
the death of your

grief,
I hesitate to intrude
upon your great
but
I should like
sympathize with you
warmly
*
in your sad bereavement.
With sentiments
Your
(Signed)
of regard,
I remain,
sincere friend,
A. E.
HAVELOCK."
a
in
The Raui Sahiba was safely deliverd of 1899. The prince, pet-named Eric, is in the
and
spirits,
son
best of
health
and
is
placed entirely
under the
care of a
European governess.
his
better than
own
language.
He lisps He has
is,
English
much
a bright and
intelligent look about him.
Mrs. F. H[arvey Dunn, the
governess in charge of the prince,

of
though a young lady

for
great
medical experience.
She was
about
five
years a certificated sick

in the
nurse and diplomaed midwife

latterly
12
Government Lying-in-Hospital, and
Head
India.
'
98
Nurse, General Hospital, Madras.

last
She has been
for the
three years a professional nurse under the Eajah
Sahib, and mainly in charge of the prince.
ment
her
of the furniture in
all
The arrangethe drawing room at Eambha

decorations has been due to
Palace together with

skill
its
and
taste.
is
The following
a copy of the
personal distinction of
sunnud conferring the Bajah on Sri Hari Hara Marda

:
Baja Deo Garu by His Excellency Lord Elgin
"To
Sahib Mehrban-i-dostan Sri Hari Hara Marda Kaja
Deo Garu, Zemindar of the District of Ganjam

I
Kallikote and Atagada in

in the
Madras Presidency.
title
hereby confer upon you the
of
Baja
as
personal distinction.
(Signed)
ELGIN,
of India.
'
Simla,
Viceroy
,
d Governor-General
The list
May
1898
the
The Eajah Sahib is the only prince in the whole of Ganjam District who is quite in touch with the
His mansions, one
at Kallikote
spirit of the times.
and
the other at
Eambha the most remarkable edifices
in the
whole
of
Northern Circars
appliances.
are completely
air of palatial
fitted
up with
modern
,
Every possible
means has been

magnificence.
adopted to establish a veritable
Elaborately carved and brilliantly polished tables, chairs,

sofas
and various other kinds

of exquisite
of furniture supported
on
workmanship are placed in The sleeping apartments the halls and in the rooms. are furnished with a degree of splendour and elegance
guilded frames
corresponding
'to
the magnificence of the sitting rooms.
Standing on the upper storey of the mansion at Eambha,
^^^^
i^-
^
Mr. A. C. Tatam.
KiUlikotj Kstatc riess, lloJ-ulj^t,

H. H. The Rajah of Kallikote & Atagada.
one could
99
command
a beautiful view of the Chilka Lake,
48 miles in length and of a greater portion of the surrounding scenery as well. A number of islands
is
which
stud the area of waters, and on one of them stands the

halting bungalow of the Rajah.
is
The whole
of the
is
mansion
provided with gas and electric lights.

it
There
a separate
apartment in
for the generation of gas as well as electri-
city in charge of
for the purpose.
is
an electrician
who
is
specially appointed
of business there of the
For the quick despatch
a telephonic
communication from one portion

is
building to another, and there
also a connection
from
the mansion in
Rambha
to that in Kallikote, to enable the
Rajah Sahib, to pass immediate orders, and also to receive hand information concerning everything. The first
mansion
laid
in
Rambha
has got water communication with

the apartments in the
a basin of water in the compound, and pipes have been
with connections to almost
all
mansion.
The
three estates are
managed by the Rajah Sahib

assistants.
personally, aided by
competent
This
is
the
only Rajah at present in Northern Circars
who has
Mr.
got a
European gentleman
as
Private
Secretary.
Ram
Hari Sampat Naick, a member of a highly respectable family, is at the head of the Revenue Department, and Mr. Bholobodro
Maha
Patro
is
the Personal Assistant.
The
latter
talks
and writes English

implicit
remarkably well.
As both the gentlemen

Sahib has
placed
are scrupulously honest the
Rajah
Mr.
confidence in
them.
Arthur Cecil Tatam, the Private Secretary, also contributes
much
a
management few words about him

to the
:
of the estate
and we must say
He was
born in Woolwich in 1872.
His father served
100
for a

number
of years in the
India.
Horse
Artillery, rising to the
rank of Captain, got his
services
transferred
to
the
Eemount Department, and
stayed for a long time in India.
He went
where he died some years ago, leaving behind him three sons and three daughters. Mr. Arthur Cecil Tatam is second of them. Mr.
to
England on
sick leave,
Edwin
Tatam,
Charles Tatam, the eldest of the sons of Captain

is
in
J.
England
as a private medical practitioner.
Tatam, the third son, is now in Bangalore, attached to the Veterinary Department. He served for two years in South Africa. He passed through the ordeal of the siege of Ladysmith, and was unfortunately one of
Captain AV.
those that were captured by the opposite side.
C.
Mr. A.
Tatam
received his early education in Bedford
Modern
School,
one of the most prominent public schools in
England.
He
then joined the United Services College,

there a student for a
Westward Ho, and was

years.
number
all
of
of
He was
a great athlete, and
was the Captain
the College Cricket Club.
He
took part in almost
the
of
prominent games and matches, and acquired the name

a
champion
cricketer of his days.
After leaving College,
he joined the school of Mr. Windle Taylor of Brampton, Huntingdonshire, and was a tutor for four years. Mr. H. T. Taylor, Collector of the Ganj am District, went to
England on
leave
three years
ago,
when Mr. Tatam
formed his acquaintance. On his returning to India, Mr. Taylor got Mr. Tatam as Private Secretay to the Eajah Sahib. He has been as such for the last two years. He carries on the private correspondence of the Eajah
Sahib, arranges for entertainments to European guests, and looks after the stables. He married the daughter of
Mr. Eichards,
1901.
retired
paymaster of the navy, in July

intrepid rider.
He
is
a good
huntsman and an
He

is
101
member
of the
College,
and a
managing committee of the KalUkote member of the Taluq Board of Ganjam.
The Second Grade College at Berhampore, now known as "Kallikote College" was first established by Government, but some years ago they were going to abolish then some of the Zemindars in the District undertook it After a few years it was about to collapse its management. for want of proper support when the Rajah Sahib came
;
forward with a liberal donation of a lakh of Eupees, and

the institution
Till
now
stands on a permanent footing.
1897 one of the great wants of the townsmen of

a
Berhampore was
town
hall.
The Rajah
Sahib,
who
perceived the want, with a generosity becoming a prince,

built at his cost a spacious building for the use of the
public
of
Berhampore, and
called
it
"
The Diamond
Jubilee Hall," in honor of that most auspicious event
the
Diamond
>
Jubilee of
Her
late
Majesty Queen Victoria.
The Rajah Sahib has
established a free dispensary at
Kallikote, the head-quarters of one of his estates, and this
has been very useful to the people living there and also
to those in the surrounding villages.
There
is
com-
petent medical officer in charge of the hospital.
The Rajah Sahib has a

"Estate Press."
there
;
press of his
own
called the
Two
is
newspapers
in Oriya are printed*
one of them
Yutkala Maduko.
latter, a
Fraja Bhandu, and the other The former is a weekly paper and the
called
is
monthly journal which
printed free of charge
to the editor with a
view to popularise journaHsm and enlighten the Oriya speaking community. Dliarma Sastar is printed and sold at the press at a very cheap rate.
102

Besides a Sanskrit school, there
is
India,
also
an English
at
school teaching
Kallikote.
up
to the
Lower Secondary standard
There are competent teachers attached to both
the institutions.
Ten poor Brahmins

kote,
are fed free
every day at Kalli-
and thirty poor
of other castes are given rations. also
Byragies
who
pass Kallikote on pilgrimage are
supplied rations.
The estates are all surrounded by hills, and the forests on them are all systematically and well managed. There
are several mines of graphite and
manganese.
Mr. T.
Chaudry,
d.
d. r.,
geologist, has
been prospecting, and
has already discovered some mines of manganese.

effort is
Every
being
made
to
make
these mines successful.

of interest in these estates
There are several places
with grand shrines hoary with age and with views of surpassing beauty. In one of them there is a tank with the
idol of Siva in
it,
whence springs out a fountain
of water.
<
The Eajah Sahib has travelled through India and Upper Burmah. He went twice to Ceylon. He spent his
time most usefully in his travels in studying the characteristics of the people.
The revenue from the

tRs. 330,000,
Kallikote and Atagada estates
before the Rajah Sahib took charge of them, was only
but
now
there has been a rapid rise to about

to
Rs.
520,000.
The peishcush he has

It is to
pay
is
about
110,000 Rupees.
be said to the credit of the Rajah
Sahib that he goes out touring to the villages belonging

to his estates, hears the complaints of his ryots, redresses
their
grievances whenever and wherever necessary, and
affords
them every
facility to
pay
their rent.
H. H. The Bajah of Kallikote & Atagada.
103
One thing that has brought a great deal of honor, the thing which more than any other raises him in the estimation of the
paramount power
is
that in his estate
men
of
malpractices, loose behaviour, corruption and bribery have
been rooted out, as the Rajah Sahib himself takes a keen

interest in all
departments of business.
By
all
who have
had any dealings with him, his character is readily seen and admired, and they have expressed it as their opinion,
that
clear
it is
impossible to overlook his indomitable energy,
intellect,
sound judgment, and sterling
integrity,
as well as that earnestness of purpose
which
is
indispens-
able to greatness.
As regards irrigation works, the Rajah Sahib is in no way backward many tanks have been restored completely,
;
and many new ones have been formed.

neither pains nor
He
new
has spared
irrigation
money
in constructing
works wherever practicable.
The Rajah Sahib is an excellent horseman he can remain a number of hours on the saddle without showing
;
any signs
passion,
of fatigue.
His love
for horses
amounts
to a
and he maintains a good stud

all
for his personal use.
He
has carriages of almost

of
descriptions of up-to-date
model
English make.
of
Most
the leisure hours of the Rajah Sahib are

;
spent in intellectual improvement
he has gained a wide
acquaintance with general literature and has
become
acquainted with such topics as go to form a well-trained
mind.
By
all
preference he gives his attention to political,

industrial,
constitutional,
and
social
historj^
and
has
acquired
the knowledge that the books at his
command
could give regarding the present condition of the leading

nations of the world.
Besides
all
this,
the Rajah Sahib
104
is

;
India.
deeply imbued with noble principles

of popular freedom,
he has always
been a firm friend
and has earned an
honorable reputation as the patron of those movements

that are calculated to do good to the public at large and
as the helper of the suffering
and the deserving.
To be
one of the chosen
men
of the people
and most respected
encouragers of young India, and the generous host and

princely entertainer of viceroys and governors indicates
a nature of wonderful breadth of
mind and
nobility of
sentiment.
As an
illustration of the broad nature of the

it
Kajah
Sahib's sympathy,
may
be interesting to note that in

institutions, to
addition to the
numerous educational
with
which
he has given his support, he has more or

identified
less actively
himself
many
charitable
institutions.
Every lineament
of heart,
of his face appears to
bespeak generosity
rectitude of principle, and innocence of soul.
He
is
not influenced by the narrow and jaundiced îews of
superstition
and
bigotry.
and high principles

district,
The advantages have rendered him the

that
a
of education
friend of his
the pride of his race and the glory of his age.

great
pity
It
is
prince
of
such
brilliant
qualifications,
one who has proved himself by his deeds
and advanced ideas that he is above the average run of the princes of Southern India, has not yet received any due
recognition of his merits.
If the
'
Government
'
of India be
pleased to confer the

of a just
title of
Maharajah
and the honor

will be but a
knighthood on him, such a distinction
reward for the eminent services he has rendered both
to his subjects
and
to the public at large.
Sri laijah
Y. Veerabliaclra
l\ajii
Bahadur
Garu
in
uuiforui.
KHllikytcKstatc
i'ress, Kaaibliii-
SRI
RAJAH VAIRICHERLA VEERABHADRA RAJU BAHADUR

GARU, ZEMINDAR OF KURUPUM
{VIZAGAPATAM DISTRICT).
Endowed with
Zemindar
virtues, of
those splendid talents and energy
that characterize the representatives of aristocracy, the
Kurupam,
Sri
all
Kajah V. Veerabhadra Eaju

the private and
Bahadur Garu, possesses
domestic
and from the careful training he received when young, and from the ability and skill he has already
displayed in the conduct of business, merits a prominent
place
the
modern
history of Southern India.

is
The Kurupam Zemindari

in the jurisdiction of the
situated in the northlies
eastern part of the Vizagapatam district, and
partly
Deputy Tahsildar
of Parvatipur,
and partly in that

pur.
Its
of the
Gunupur Deputy
700
square
Tahsildar, in
the division of the Senior Assistant Collector of Parvatiarea

is
nearly
miles,
tracts,
of
which
about
450 square
miles are
agency
and 250
square miles are plains.

the
The
total
number
of villages in
Kurupam Zemindari
Chemudu)
is
(including the lately purchased
estate of
villages,
271, of
which about 200 are agency
while the rest are situated in the plains.

area of the forests belonging to the estate
is
The
less
not
than 400 square miles.
The
country, being situated
partly in
the agency tracts and partly in the plains,

hills
presents a beautiful variety of
and dales interspersed
with extensive plains and cultivated lands.

of the estate contain excellent timber,
of all kinds.
The
forests
and abundant game

ii

106
India.
all

The
total revenue
of the
estate
from
sources
is
over a lakh of rupees annually, and the revenue of the
agency villages
if
is
capable of great
development,
v^hile
some
irrigation projects
which are now under contemplathe
tion,
are
carried
out,
revenue
of
the
villages
The Peishcush payable to the Government by the Kurupam Zemindari, including the estate of Chemudu, is Es.
situated in the plains promises to rise considerably.
18,987-14 annas, while the land cess
is
Es. 5,173-9-4.
About the
Carmichael's
follows
:
origin
of the
Kurupam Zemindari, Mr.

District
Vizagapatam
Manual
says
as
the
The Kurupam Zemindari (with the exception Gumma Hunda which was added by the favour
of Parlakimidi
"
of of
Gopinath Deo
century)
about the middle of the 18th
was granted
title of
to Sanyasi Eaju, afterwards
honored
with the
Vairicherla which has the same meaning
as Satrucherla,
by Visvambhara Deo
of Jeypore;"
while
the Eeport of the Committee of Circuit in Vizagapatam,
and
Chicacole Districts, dated

:
12th September,
1784,
says as follows
"
Kurupam, the most northern part of the Vijayanagaram Zemindari was formerly dependent on the Nandapuram (Jeypore) Eajah, and held by the family of
Dimalash, paying a tribute of seven thousand rupees,
besides having 2,000
men
(of
in readiness for the superior

till
Eajah's service.
It
remained in the same family
1773,
when Seetharamaraju
Vijayanagaram), being at an
it
entertainment there, took
by
surprise, secured all its
wealth and made the Eajah and his relations prisoners.

S.
R. V.
Veerabhadra Raju Bahadur Garu. 107

this
'
'
The inhabitants resenting
breach of hospitahty
were continually in arms, and besides destroying the crops put him to great expense in supporting troops, and in
presents to appease their principal leaders.
On
using his
Siva
influence, Vijayaramaraju restored the country to
Ramaraju, the dispossessed Rajah, who was to pay him

Rs. 40,000."
Of
the political
status
of the
Zemindars
in
the
Northern Circars
Administration
in general. Dr.
MaClean's Presidency
Manual
says:
"The Rajahs
in
the
Northern Ch'cars were

in order.
at first treated as Feudatories^
and
paid tribute, being expected in return to keep the
hill tribes
In 1802, however, a permanent settlement was

of the land
introduced and the chiefs became Zemindars, retaining

the
management
revenue of their estates, but
being themselves handed over to the judicial power.
In
Vizagapatam, there are 14 Zemindaries,

lineage, &c.
all of
ancient
" Of these 14 ancient Zemindaries in the Vizagapatam

District, Bobbili,
Yijayanagaram, and one or two extinct
Zemindaries, are situated in the plains while the rest are

Hill Zemindaries the largest and the
most important
of
which is Jeypore and next in rank, extent and importance are Kurupam, Madogole, and one or two more."
Of the origin and
daries,
political status of the Hill
Zemin-
Mr. Beaufoy, in his report on the Northern Circars

:
in 1792, writes as follows
"The Zemindars who

composed
of
inhabit the several districts
that constitute the Northern Circars
may be
considered as
two
different classes.
1C8
"
The Aristcceacy of Southern

(1)
India.
Those who
reside in the hills
on the Western
are in the
frontier, (2) those
whose principal possessions

sea.
plains,
between the highlands and the
The former, the Hill Zemindars, secure in the woody and unwholesome heights they inhabit, and encouraged
by the hope
of
"
an eventual asylum in the dominions

of
of the
Nizam
or
the Rajah
Subjects,
Berar,
are
rather
tributary
Princes than
and often furnish examples of
successful depredation or unfinished revolt.
"Surrounded like the chieftains of the Feudal times by Military tenants, whose lands are held on under stipulations
of personal service
lages of this class),
(Kurupam Zemindari contains 17 viland whose ardour is often increased by

always prepared for the excursions of
the bond of family attachment and the strong enthusiasm

of clanship, they are
predatory war.
" Of humbler lineage than the chieftains of the
hills,
the greatest
of
the lowland Zemindars
are
descended
from those
Orissa,
in the
officers
and revenue agents
of the Sovereigns of
who were employed by the Mussulman conquerors management of their new acquisitions, and in the
Hence
thej'^
collection of taxes they imposed.
are con-
sidered by the inhabitants of the hills as traitors to their
ancient lords, and usurpers of their rights.
"Of such
Hill
Zemindaries situated in the Vizagaas stated above,

is
patam District, Jej^pore, next comes Kurupam."
the
first,
and
The family
records
go
to
prove, and
it
is
also
traditionally believed that the
Kurupam Zemindari was

to
obtained by one Vairicherla Agniveerudu in recognition of

his valour
and military service rendered
some
chief.
The

S.
R. V. Veeeabiiadra Raju
is
Bahadur Garu. 109
name Agniveerudu
valom\"
very signiticant, meaning " fiery
Vairiciierla has
by his descendants.
six
become a surname and is adopted Nothing is known of about five or
generations subsequent to Agniveerudu, and the

after
name
on record
him
is
Vairicherla Pedda
Sanyasiraju.
From
of
historical accounts,
we understand
that Sivarama
Raju, the son of Pedda Sanyasi Raju, was the contemporary
Seetharam Raju
of
Vizianagram, and
we can
therefore
safely say that the origin of the
Zemindari was about the
middle of the 15th century.
The next
in line of succession after Vairicherla
Pedda
Sanyasiraju was his son Vairicherla Sivarama Raju,
who
succeeded to the estate with good credentials as he was
Dewan
District
to
his
father.
We
take the following
about
Sivarama
Raju
:
from
Mr. Carmichael's Vizagapatam
Manual
" Sivarama Raju of

rebellio:i
Kurapam
joined heartily in the
against the Pusapaties, which broke out about

first
the period of the establishment of the
chief in council,
and when the Company's troops under Captain Mathews

advanced into Jeypore in the year 1774, he attacked the
rearguard and cut
off their
supplies.
On
their return
from Jeypore, the Pusapaties led Captain Mathews to Kurapam and arrested Siva Rama Raju with all his family. The Zemindari was restored to the old family by the
Collector of the
Northern
Division in
1706,
and the
pe manent settlement of 1802 was

Raju's son Chinna Sanyasiraju."
made with Sivarama
Chinna Sanyasiraju was the first to rule the estate under the Permanent Revenue Settlement for a period of
28 years, from 1802 to 1830.
He
instituted
many
salutary
reforms, established agraharams, and dug tanks.
As he
>
110
India.
was without a
cousin,
heir he adopted Sitharama Raju, a son of his
duly intimating
the fact
to
the
authorities
concerned.
father,
Sitharama Uaju was as good as his adoptive
and there was considerable improvement in the
estate during his time.
He
died in 1830 leaving behind
him an only
few days.
infant
who
survived his father but for a
Virtually his
widow, Subhadramma Garu,

it
succeeded to the estate, and ruled
for eleven years,
from
1830 to 1841.
She endeared
herself to
the
hearts of
still
everybody
her piety and
charitable
nature are
remembered by many an old man and woman. As she had no issue, she adopted her grandson, Sree Suryanarayana
Eaju Bahadur Garu, the father
"It is clear
of the present
Zemindar.
very
that
the chiefs of
Kurupam were
influential,
and played an important part in the history

of
of those
parts
India
country was unsettled,
when the government of the when native princes and chiefs

British
were partly
resented
it,
brought
under
yoke
and. partly
when
plotting and rebellion were the
common
occurrences of the day, and
asunder by dissensions.
British, the chiefs
when the country was torn Long before the advent of the
it
were very powerful, and were dreaded
abroad for their ferocity, as

to
was common with them make inroads upon villages, and make them their
property by dint of sword, arrows, and bow-strings, in the

'
use of which they were well skilled.

to the property they
Thus
in addition
had inherited from
their ancestors,
they had acquired forts and

villages,
new
estates comprising
many
and constructed temporary
mud
forts
with bam-
boo fencing so as to prevent the coming in of arrows
which were the common weapons

the forts acquired in this
of the
day.
Among
way by
the chiefs of
Kurupam,
S.
R. V.
Veerabhadea Eaju Bahadue Gaeu.
Ill
may
be mentioned those of Gmnmakota, Viswanathapm',
Tadikonda and Kumbi Kota.

places,
They would go to these subdue them, make them their own, settle for a
all
time there until
fear of rebellion
from the subjugated

It will also
has vanished, and then proceed on their march of depredation to another convenient quarter.
be
interesting to note in this connection that in the Thati-
konda valley
is
constructed a fort of this kind, in which
are located a
number
of entire villages.
This was to
prevent the coming in of arrows upon those thatched

roofs.
It
was the custom
in those days for robbers to to
append a firebrand or a burning torch

let it
fire,
an arrow, and
go on these thatched roofs so that they might take
and the inmates
of
the houses might
come out
affording the free hooters facilities for carrying on their
work,
have ample proof on record that these influential chiefs were engaged in intrigue and warfare about 1774, the time of Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General
of India.
We
These powerful princes (then called Deos) such as Jeypore, and chiefs under them such as Kurupam and
Madugole, were, with ample privileges, after the Permanent Settlement of 1802, styled by the common designation of
Zemindars.
Eajah Suryanarayana Eaju Bahadur Garu was a child of three years when his adoptive mother died, and hence the estate was taken under the Court of
Sri
Wards.
Eajah Sahib was put During in charge of the estate with a large cash balance. the 34 years of his rule, the estate witnessed numerous
It
was
in 1857 that the
changes for the better.

by every one of the
His statesmanship was admitted
officers
who came
in contact
with
112
him.
India.
He
dug a number
of tanks,
cleared
up numerous
revenue of
married Sri
fruit of
jungle tracts, and brought
many waste
time.
lands under the
plough. the
It is gratifying to observe that the
estate tripled itself in his
He
Sowbhagyavathi Patta Mahadevi Garu and the

their union
is
the noble subject of this memoir.
He
several
purchased the Zemindari of Chemudu, and also
agraharam
villages
and
inam
lands,
besides
investing a large
sum
of
money on
the mortgaging of
many neighbouring agraharams and mokasas. He has immortalized his name by establishing a new town called
" Suryanarayana
Eaju Puram."
He was very
religious all
through his
to
life.
He
built
two temples, one dedicated

of
charities,
Siva,
and the other to Vishnu, with an endowment

In spite of his numerous
lands for their upkeep.

there
was found
in his treasury, after his demise, a cash
balance of a large
sum
of
money.
life,
When we
him the
review his
we cannot but admire
in
great qualities which distinguished
out his long and successful career

of the greatest
him throughand made him one

in
men
of his race.
He died
January 1891,
leaving behind
his
loss,
him many
friends and relations to
bemoanof his
and carrying with him the good
will
subjects.
Kaju Bahadur Garu was born on the 6th September 1877. As the only male child of the Vairicherla family he was the pet of his parents
Sri
Kaja
Veerabhadra
and
of
everybody else
connected with him.
While a
his
boy, his precocious
intelligence
and quiet habits were

of
admired by
all.
His father was mindful

his
duty
towards the bringing up of
son,
both on
EngHsh
Sri
Hajah Y. Yeerabhadra Eaju Bahadur,

Q-aru iu native gostiuue.
KitUikyU' Ebtiitc
Prt'tjs,
Kumbha.
SRI RAJAH
VASUDEVA RAJAMANI RAJA DEO GARU,
ZEMINDAR OF MANDASA (GANJAM DISTRICT).

Mandasa is one of the most ancient zemindaries the Ganjam District, and the chief members thereof
olden days distinguished themselves in
in in
many
a battle-field,
and hence
it
claims to be the possession of a noble family
of historical importance.
Mehrban-i-dostan Sri
The present Zemindar Sahib Rajah Yasudeva Rajamani Raja
Deo Garu,
with
all,
a highly enlightened prince with broad views
and noble generosity has rendered himself very popular

and has won golden opinions from collectors and governors.
The
first
member
of the family to
dar has the honor to belong was a
which the Zeminfamous Kshatrya
named Varma Simha

him ha^ been during
of
all
of the lunar race
who came
to
prominence in the 13th century.

the
The
estate obtained
by
these centuries in the enjoyment

Sri
family
in
unbroken perpetuity.
for great ability
;
Srinivasa
Rajamani Raja Deo, the grandfather

had a splendid record
of the present Rajah,
and noble character.
He was
very charitable
temples, agraharams and other
institutions of public utility that
he established are ample
evidences of his large-heartedness.
The choultry
built
by
him
at
Haripur has been
of
much
use to the pilgrims ihat
As he was a nobleman of high respect and vast experience, he was accepted as a safe counsellor by almost all the officers who came in contact with him he was frequently consulted by them He was specially of great in matters of importance. Whenever a disservice to the collectors of the district.
go to Benares and Rameswaram.
;
turbance took place he was the
first
to render all possible

122
aid
The Aristocracy
to
of Southern India.
restore peace
retainers.
suppress
it
and
to
and order by
sending his
own armed men and

so
The Governon their

in
ment
of
Madras had reposed
much
confidence in him,
that he
was generally commissioned
to capture
behalf the rebels and mutineers.
On
a certain occasion,
there were within the jurisdiction of another
Zemindar
the District, insurrections '^nd rebellions and everything
was
in confusion
and disorder.
All this called for the inof
terference of the
Government
Madras, but they did not
disturb the
management
of the estate
by the Zemindar,
because of the surety of the Eajah of Mandasa in
they had placed implicit confidence and for
whom whom they
had the highest respect.
Eajah
statesman.
Sri
the father of
Jagannadha Rajamani Eaja Deo Garu, c.i.E., the present Eajah, was a scholar, artist, and
His loyalty to the British throne which he had inherited from his ancestors, was of a superior order, and the successful manner in which he had managed the
estate
was admitted on
all
hands.
He was
:
the recipient
of the following
title of
sunnud in 1877, conferring on him the Companion of the Indian Empire
" Victoria by the G^-ace of

Gh'eat Britain
God of
the United
Kingdom
of
the
and Ireland, Queen, Defender of
Faith, Emjyress of India, Sovereign of the Order of

the
,
Indian Empire.
Sri Eajamani Eaja Deo,
To
Zemindar of Mandasa, Madras.
Gree';tng
:
Whereas \e are desirous of conferring upon you such a mark of Our Eoyal favour as will evince the esteem in which we hold your person and the services which you

S.
R.
Vasudeva Eajamani Raja Deo Garu. 123

to
have rendered
to
Our Indian Empire, We have thought fit nominate and appoint you to be a member of Our said
of the
Order
Indian Empire,
We
do by Grant of the
Dignity of a Companion of the Order of the Indian
Empire, to Sri Eajamani Raja Deo
of
Mandasa, these
presents grant unto you the dignity of a
Companion
of
Our
of
and hereby authorize you to have, hold and enjoy the said dignity and rank of a Companion
said Order
Our
said Order, together with all the singular privileges
thereunto belonging or appertaining.

" Given at Our Court at Osborne, under Our Sign Manual and the Seal of Our said Order, this first day of January, 187S. in the Forty-first Year of Our Reign."
By
In further
the Sovereign's
(Signed)
Command,
SALISBURY."
Rajah's excellent management of the estate he was authorised to keep two pieces of cannon by the grant of the following license
appreciation
of
the
No. 49.
goverment of
ixdia,
Home Department.
"
Public, Simla, the 22nd August 1887.
License.
reference to rule 12 of the rules made by the Governor-General in Council under the Indian Arms Act,
With
1878, and published in the notification of this department, No. 518, dated the 6th March 1879, the Zemindar of Mandasa in the Ganjam District of the Madras Presidency
is
hereby licensed to possess two cannon.
By
Order of His Excellency The Viceroy and Governor-General,

(Signed)
A. P.
MACDONNELL,
iSecretary to the Govt, of hidia.
>

124
India.
distinction

The
title
of
Bajah
as
a personal
was
conferred on
him by the Government
of India in 1887,
when H. E.
follows
:
wrote as
Madras, Januarij
"
6th, 1886.
My
Friend,
at last I
Now
officially
am
able to
address you as
it
'Rajah
and I need hardly say that
gives
me very
great
pleasmê to do so.
Long may you
live to enjoy
honors and to benefit
your people on your noble estate.

Believe
me
to be,
Your
(Signed;
sincere friend,
M. E. GEANT-DUFF."
The Kajah Sahib and

each other.
Sir
M. E. Grant-Duff were on
very friendly terms, and they always corresponded with
We
give here one of the letters written

:
by his Excellency to the Eajah Sahib
November
"
6th, 1886,
GUINDY.
My
dear Eajah,
It is always a great pleasure to
me
to hear
I
from you
'-
and I trust that when I am in Europe then have tidings of your welfare.
I think
it
may now and
pretty
little
must be you who have sent me a very carved bottle which came yesterday from
letter.
Mandasa wdth a
Will you permit
me
to offer
two books
of myself
the
other
one published and relating to
my
life
here
the
privately printed and l)elonging to
my
pre-Indi::,n life.

S.
R. Vasudeva Rajamani Raja

it
Deo Garu.
125
" I should feel
a great honor to be thus represented
in your ancient castle
where you so kindly received me.

I am,
With
every good
v^îsh,
Your most
(Signed)^
sincere friend,
M. E. GRANT-DUFF."
As specimens of local art and handicraft, the Rajah sent some beautifully carved boxes to the Colonial and Industrial Exhibition held in London, of which His Most
Gracious Majesty King Emperor (then Prince of Wales)
was President.
medals
for
The Rajah was the

carved boxes.
recipient
credit is
of
two
the
Much
due to
him
in
for being the first to establish
an English school
the District.
Mr. G.
S.
Forbes congratulating him
uu the interest he evinced in matters relating to education wrote in the following terms
:
"
My Dear
>%
Rajah.
*
all
-x-
I wish
the Zemindars would follow your excellent
and generous example in the establishment of SQhools, I hope your are going on satisfactorily and that all the villages on your estate are taking advantage of them."
In honor of the
called " Sir
visit of
His Royal Highness, the then
Prince of Wales to India, the Rajah endowed a scholarship
The Prince
of
Wales' Scholarship."
in a public speech
of
M. E. Grant-Duff,
Bezwada, classed the Rajah

rajah of Vizianagram,
made at Mandasa with the Maha-
and the Rajahs of Bobbili and Pittapur and said: "We have in these north-eastern Districts, men who, like the Maharajah of Vizianagram, the
Zemindars of Mandasa and of Bobbili, are doing much in varioui ways forthe enlightenment of those around them."

126

r
India.
In recognition of the public spirit and loyalty of the Rajah, the Government of Madras in 1877 granted to him
the following certificate
:
"By Command
Governor-General
of
His Excellency the Viceroy and

certificate
is
this
presented in the
Her Most Gracious Majesty Victoria, Empress of India, to Sri Rajamani Raja Deo Garu, Zemindar of Mandasa, son of Sri Srinivasa Rajamani Raja Deo Garu,
name
of
in recognition of his services to the State in

free of cost the land
handing over
required for a road through his

spirit
Zemindari and of the public

has evinced in various ways,"
and loyalty which he
Vasudeva Rajamani Raja Deo Garu, the eldest of the three sons, was placed, while young, under the careful supervision of his father; and under the instructions of his teachers he- learnt English, Telugu, Bengali and Urdu. The Rajah Sahib wishing to show his loyalty to the
Sri Rajali
British
Government volunteered himself to place his services at the disposal of the Government of Madras and to proceed to South Africa at a time when the Boer war assumed gigantic dimensions and threatened to become
a serious matter.
This was just before the
relief of
Lady-
smith when Field-Marshal Lord Roberts was of opinion

that every available
man
in the
Empire would be required
The Rajah spared no time in making arrangements about the management of the estate by the Government of Madras during his absence
for active service in the war.
in field service.
relieved,
On
hearing that Ladysmith had been
and that there was no necessity for him to join the war service, the Rajah rescinded the arrangements he had made. At every successful stage of the war there
at
were great rejoicings
Mandasa and prayers and thanks'
givings in the temple.
f.
.

S.
B. Vasudeva Eajamani IIaju

hearing the death of
Deo Garu.
127
On
the
Her Most Gracious
Majesty,
Queen-Empress Victoria, the Eajah evinced his sympathy in various ways. To commemorate the memory
came forward to build a hospital last year and the foundation stone was laid by the Collector of the district. The building is in course of construction
and
it
of that august lady, he
will
soon be an accompttshed
fact.
He
maintains
Gosha Hospital, and has endowed a secondbed. To the Victoria Memorial Fund, the Dowager Kanee and the Kanee of Mandasa subscribed Ks. 2,000. The following letter was addressed by H. E. Lord Ampthill, on the 3rd October 1901 to the Kajah Sahib
a bed in the
:
"To
The Zemindar of Mandasa.
Dear
I
last,
Sir,
of the 26th
wish in reply to your letter to thank you most sincerely
September
with
for the generosity
which your family has come forward,
to
support the
Women's
Victoria Memorial Fund.
Will you be so good

to
as to express
my
gratitude to the
Dowager Kanee, and
your lady the Eanee of Mandasa.

Believe me,
Yours very
truly,
(Signed)
AMPTHILL."
The Kajah Sahib

hostels,
takes
much
interest in students'
and the present additional ward to the students' hostel at Berhampore owes its existence to his generosity.
When
the Kajah Sahib heard of the redemption of
the Victoria
Town
Hall at Madras, he not only subscribed

it
Rs. 3,000 towards

to contribute
but also induced
many
of his friends
towards the movement.

girls' school,
He
maintains a
lower secondary school, a
a Sanskrit school,

128

for
India.
and a primary school

Examination
in the
boys.
He
has instituted a
]
scholarship for students that study for the B. A.
degree
Vizianagram College
after passing the
F. A. Examination from the Parlakimedi College or the

"Kallikote College.
Government of India granted the following certificate to the Kajah Sahib in recognition of his services as a member of the District Board of Ganjam and also for the special interest taken by him in
In
1897
the
va(jcination
:
"
By command
name
of
of

certificate is presented
Governor-General in Council, this

in the
Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria,

India,
to
Eajamani Eaja Deo Garu, Zemindar Mandasa, son of Sri Jagannatha Eajamani Raja Deo,
recognition of his services as a
Empress Vasudeva
of
Sahib-i-Mehrban-i-dostan,
Sri
of
in
member
of the District
Board
of
Ganjam and
of the special interest
taken by him
in vaccination."
Eajah Sahib manages the affairs of the Samasthanam assisted by his brother who is known as Thatraz (Commander-in-chief), and also by the Dewau, Mr. Chalapathi Sastri Garu, a gentleman of great worth and
"[The
excellent principles.
It is gratifying to note that the
Rajah Sahib
is
very
and whenever they represent to him their grievances, he gives them a patient hearing and His qualities both of head affords them ready redress.
kind to
all
his ryots,
and heart are admired by everybody he is a perfect gentleman he is very charitable and sympathetic to the poor his loyalty to the British throne is exemplary
;
;
and he has been maintaining the prestige and honor his family by his generous acts and noble behaviour.
of
Kiii
Bahtidur
Iv.
Jagaiiiiadha
Ettapî
Chettiar.
Hxi JRajah .Taf>avira
Rama
Xayaker Bahadur,
Jiaiiikote Estate in'ess, iâtobjiU;
SRI
RAJAH JAGAVIRA RAMA VENKATESWARA ETTAPPA
NAYAKAR BAHADUR, ZEMINDAR OF ETAIYAPURAM
{TINNEVELLY DISTBICT).
.
The Zemindar
of
Etaiyapuram, who belongs to the

that furnished to the
all
ancient stock of a
Hindu family
qualities
country warriors and statesmen, has inherited

noble
the
his
and
generous
that
characterised
ancestors,
and
of
is
now
;
in the highest estimation of
the
Government
by
justice
Madras
and, as his sentiments are guided

is
and moderation, he
most loved by
his ryots.
The ancient Zemindari of Ettayapuram consists at present of Ettayapuram proper, Nagalapuram, Golwarpati, part of
Elayarampannai, and Sundarapachayapuram,
in the Tinnevelly District,
and Vallanadhi Division
of the
Gandamanaickanoor Zemindari in the Madura purchased by the Court of Wards in 1896.

Q.*he total
District,
area of the Zemindari
is
647 square miles

this
or 415, "428
acres
is
approximately
of
extent,
the
cultivable area
374,441 acres, and the rest consists of

hill
waste lands, and
and
forest tracts.
The nature
revenue
135,000
is
of the soil is rich black cotton interspersed
with red loam here and there.
The approximate annual

is
415,000 Es. and the annual Peishcush

chief crops are cotton,
Ks.
The
cumbu, and cholam^

is
Out
of 60 lakhs
worth
of cotton
annually grown in the
Tinnevelly
District,
30 lakhs
worth
grown
in
the
Zemindari.
game preserves. The greatest and most important of them is the Kurumalai reserve, nearly 3 miles east of the Kumarapuram station
The
hill
and
forest tracts are
17
I*
180
of the
sists

.
India.
f_
South Indian Eailway.
of deer, antelope, hare,
The game preserved conand wild boar. They are

European
Zemindari.
Officers of
preserved chiefly wîth a view to afford sports to gentlemen

visitors,
majority of
whom
are
rank
in the service of
His Majesty's Government.

skirts
The South The

nearest
Indian
Kailway
the
Eailway station is Koilpati Vhich is nine miles west of Ettayapuram and which is connected with it by a metalled
road.
Tradition says, and there are also records to show,

that the ancestors of the
Zemindar
of
Etaiyapuram were
at Chandragiri, being in possession of territories adjacent
to
it.
The
first
of those
prominent among them was

in
Periappa Nayakar
generations passed
who
flourished
856 A. D.
in
Nine
the
away without any member
family doing anything worthy of record.
The tenth
in succession
for his
was Nallama Nayakar, who

which
the
before
was distinguished
prowess and adventurous career.
He had
Kajah,
a great desire to proceed to Vijianagram,

of its glory
was then Jn the height

but
and to pay a
in
his
visit to
one thing that stood

that
way
of
venturing to pass the gates of the fort to interview the
Kajah was
alternatives
he
should
choose
one
the
two
either
he should wrestle with a powerful
man, named Soman, and overcome him, or pass underneath th\j gold chain that Soman had attached to his left leg. Nallama Iâyakar whose body was of a colossal build chose the former alternative, and in the combat he came
off victorious,
,of
and beheaded Soman.
The
eight brothers
the gate-keeper threw themselves on the mercy of

his protection.
Nallama Nayakar and sought

the head of
He
fixed
Soman
to a spear,
and his garments stained
S.
K. J. R. V. Ettappa
_
Nayakar Bahadub.
131
with blood to the point of a lance, and with these things

presented himself before the King, who, admiring the valour
of
Nallama Nayakar welcomed him to his sented him with a gold head to be worn as
court,
and prea badge on his
and allowed him to use the blood-stained cloth as To commemorate the fact of his having a banneret. spared the lives of the eight .brothers of Soman, the King
left leg,
conferred
on Nallama Nayakar the

of eight)
,
title
of
Ettappan
(meaning father
and
also presented
him with two

the special
state fans, besides
lands and villages.
By
From
order of the King, Nallama Nayakar was taken round in
procession
before he
left
the place.
that time
all
forward the appellation " Ettapan " has been used by

the successive
Zemindars
of
Etaiyapuram.
The
is
gold
tied
head, on the occasion of the installation ceremony,

to the left leg of the installed
Zemindar by the descen-
dants of
Soman
is
referred to above, and the blood-stained
banneret
also carried.
Kumara Muttu Ettappa Nayakar,

in
the fourteenth
descent,
migrated to Madura with a number of his

to
kinsmen owing
disturbances
and insurrections
by
Mahomed
Alaudin, and paid his respects to Adi Vira

of
Parakrama Pandian, the Eajah
Madura, who, on hearing
the antecedents and noble ancestry of
Kumara Muttu
his
Ettappa Nayakar granted him and

extensive
also
followers
ai^d
lands
and
villages,
such
as
Anaiyur
Karukotanpatti, and they settled
down
there.-
Kumara
Muttu Ettappa Nayakar brought
order out of the chaos
then existent and engaged himself in useful pursuits. As he had no issue for a long time he built a temple and dedicated
it
to
(Kumara) Subramaniaswami.
son,
Shortly after this, he
was blessed with a
who was named Kumara Ettappa
132

.
India.
Nayakar.
It
was
this
gentleman that put clown the

ultimately put
pride of an outlaw
named IMuvarayan and
him
to death levelling his fort to the ground.
In recogni-
tion of the valorous deed of
the Pandian king conferred
Kumara Ettappa Nayakar, on him the title of " Sundara

spirit
Pandya".
As Sundara Pandya Ettappa Nayakar had

and
acquired a wide reputation^^for his enterprising
daring valour, the Pandian king empowered

as every thing
him
to quell
disturbances in the south, and to restore order and peace
was
in confusion
and disorder by marauders
and upstarts.
fore,
He
accordingly proceeded to Satur, built a
and
left
it,
one of his kinsmen, Nallama Nayakar, in
charge of
"
which thereafter came

;
to be
known
as
Nallama Nayakar Kottai"
there
still
remain some ruins

of
of the fort to the east of Satur
and on the south banks
the river.
The next prominent member

to subjection,
of the family,
Kumara
his,
Ettappa Nayakar, brought the Maravars

and
his successors' palanquin
of
Elan^bunom
and granted the privilege of carrying

on two
of
them, Arjuna
Thalaven and Muttirala Thalaven and their descendants. He won the esteem and regard of one of the viceroys
of the
Pandyan
king,
by name Jagavirarama Pandyan,
by collecting the taxes that Remained unpaid by the Marawars of Elambunom, whi'ch were 50 bullock loads of
(.
money.
and
The
viceroy being pleased
with the
integrit)^
unflinching
energy
that
characterised
Ettappa Nayakar, made him a grant of Peddharajapuram, now known as Peddapuram, Pandava-
Kumara Elambunom,
mangalam, Suraikapati, Eeral, Valampati, Bamanuttur,

and Naduvirapatti, yielding a revenue
of IJupees 19,2.50.
He went
a step further in his munificence
by making the
S.
E.
J.
E. V. Ettappa
Natakar Bahadur. 133

on him the
village
Nayakar the warden

title
of Tirnchuli, conferring
of " Jagavirarama," for
and by giving him the

his
of
PadavathapuUy
centmy.
Jagavira
palanquin
for
expenses.
He
of
continued lord at
a
Elambunom
more than a quarter
Kama
it.
Ketchila Ettappa Nayakar, the 19th
ni succession,
subdued Saya Malai and added 15 surround-
ing villages to
He was made
guardian of one of the
72 bastions of Madura.
Jagavira
Eama Kumara
Ettappa Nayakar, who was

the
the next Zemindar, has the credit of having built
present town of Etaiyapuram in January 15G7, and also the Siva temple there. The King of Madura, Kumara
Krishnappa Nayakar, and the Zemindar of Etaiyapuram, proceeded to Travancore and attacked the fort of Eraneel. While returning, the latter was treacherously killed by an
arrow discharged by a concealed
foe.
The former being

of the
overwh(^med with
of his
of Calugumalai,
grief
on account
sudden death
comrade made to the family

and
of the succeeding
of the deceased a grant
also affixed the
word " Aiyan"
to the
names
members
of the family,
The next prominent member was Jagavira Eama

Ettappa Nayakar Aiyan, who went with the King
Madm-a, Muthu Krishnappa Nayakar,
dues owing to him in Travancore.
the then Eajah of Travancore, received
Sri Vanji of to collect certain
Marthanda,
very, kindly
them
and rendered them every possible

Jagavira
aid.
Eama
Ketchila Ettappa
Nay akar Aij'an
the
next in succession, on a certain day, while deer-stalking,
went
into a dispute with the Golavarapatti people,

left
when
with his sword in his
hand, he cut
down
a horse

'
134
its

rider.
India.
and
From
that time forward he
was
called
"Edawangkai"
deprived
or left-handed Ketchilappa Nayakar.
He
once overcame the then Sethupathi in a dispute, and
him of his state miibrellas and two state horses, and chased him and his attendants as far as Pemalli village. The eldest son of the Zemindar's second wife, Eana Sura Ketchilappa Nayakar, g6t into the good graces of Muthuvirappa Nayakar, received as
to
gift,
certain villages attached
Kurumalai and
It
settled
down
there.
was
in the administration of the next
Zemindar,
Jagavira
Eama
Ketchila Ettappa Nayakar Aiyan, that
protection was given to the Catholic priests living there.
The
following inscription on a stone
is still
in existence
"Year
year 865, the 19th day of

:
the
month
Chitra.
We
Jagavira Ettappa Nayakar Avergal (make proclama-
tion as follows)
As
in our father's days, twenty-five years in our territory
ago, this church of
God
and the Matha
of the
were preserved fjeom harm, so also now we being resolved to do the same have visited this church and the priests and have given and set up this
ascetics of the city of
Rome
stone.
this
Wherefore if any person should do any harm to church of God or the priests, or their disciples, not
let
only will he become a traitor to us, but
him
also incur
the guilt which would ensue from slaying a black
cow
and Brahmans on the banks

Ettapa Nayakar.
of the
Ganges.
Thus we
Jagavira
have ordained as long as sun and moon endure.
May
the Lord preserve (us)."
The 27th
skilled in
ruler,
Jagavira Rama Venkateswara Ettappa

religious
Nayakar Aiyan was very

besieged the
aid of the
fort
and
also said to be well-
magic and witchcraft.

of
The Rajah of Ramnad Anamanthakudi and sought the

Etaiyapuram, who
lost
Zemindar
of
no time
in
S.
R.
J.
R. V.
Ettappa Nayakae Bahadib. 135

It
was during this reign that the Vishnu temple at Etaiyapuram was constructed and dedicated. The Zemindar was a great patron
of
sending a force of 5,000 armed men.
learning.
He
gave substantial rewards
to
Kadigai
Muthu Pulavar
Manjari.
for his
Samudra Vilasam, and Kumaresa
Muthu
valour.
Jagavira
Rama Cumara Ettappa

also well
Nayakar, the
31st Zemindar,
was
known
of
He
to
had a standing army

render
meritorious
wisdom and 6,000 men. He was

for his
the
first
services to the British
Government by defeating the adherents of a refractory Poligar, Cataboma Nayakar of Panjalamcurichy, who
defied the authorities
and
set at
naught, their measures.
The then
Collector,
Mr. Lushington heard favorable

of the
.accounts of the
most opportune help
Zemindar
of
Etaiyapuram who went there with a small army against
Cataboma Nayakar.
In recognition of the timely help given
by the
Zemindar
of
Etaiyapuram
in the
defeat,
pursuit,
and
capture of the rebel chief Cataboma Nayakar, the British
Government made him a grant of the village of Sivagnanapuram. The chief was executed and one of his accom-
Kumaraswami Nayak, his brother, was imprisoned with many others at Eamnad. A conspiracy was formed to release the latter. The conspirators successfully
plices,
proceeded to the
jail,
overpowered the guards, enterecf and

This over, they proceeded
fort well
threw open the prison doors.

to
Panjalamcurichy and erected a
manned by
100
garrison of 5,000
men
all
ready and eager for the
fight.
small
army
of the British fired
and
killed
men
at
one discharge when the remainder beat a precipitate
13(i
India.
at
retreat.
Mr. Lushington, the Collector, who was then

wrote
to
Etaiyapuram Zemindar, requesting him to make a thorough enquiry and to submit him a full report on the exact position of affairs, which he
the
Nagalapuram,
accordingly did.
On receipt of the report, Mr.

army proceeded
to fact to the
Lushington,
with a small
Panjalamcurichy via
Etaiyapuram duly intimaljing the

at
Zemindar
in
advance to make the necessary arrangements.

sulted the
On arriving
Etaiyapuram, Messrs. Lushington and Cassamajor con-
Zemindar
as to the course they should adopt in
demanded assistance from him in the operations against that fort. The Zemindar, as it was his wont under such circumstances, promised them all the aid in^his power and requested them to supply him with fire arms and other requisites, as he and the
carrying out their object, and also
Poligar of Panjalamcurichy were on hostile terms.
The
necessary arms were forthwith furnished to the Zemindar's
men and
three hundred additional muskets were subse-
quently supplied to them.
Lieutenants Laughton-- Lauden
and Warren with three companies and some guns were sent ,^"0 the protection of Etaiyapuram.
Muthu
Aiyan died
Jagavira
Eama Kumara
and other good
Ettappa Nayakar
after ruling 33 years
and he was widely known

qualities.
for his piety, generosity
Jagavirarama Venkateswara Ettappa Nayakar Aiyan,
who came next

to
in succession, erected a temple dedicated
Subramanyaswami and allotted two villages yielding annually Rupees 900 for its up-keep and maintenance.
erected a choultry and sank a well at Etaiyapuram.
S.
He
In 1827 the Eight Honorable

Madras, paid a
visit to
Lushington, Governor of
Etaiyapuram.
S.
K. J. K. V. Ettappa
stone
Nayakar Bahadur.
137
A
honor
mantapam
of exquisite
workmanship was
erected by the Zemindar at a cost of Eiipccs 30,000, in

of Cakigachala
Mm-ti
(a
Hindu God)
lis.
palanquin and jewels of the value of

idol.
20,000
(one
were presented to the same

lac of lights) ceremonj'
The lakshadwipam
was ptjrformed on a very grand scale at a cost of a large sum of money. Es. 50,000 were spent in connection with the ashtahandanavh (the ceremony of fixing an idol) which was performed in honor of Saliwateswarar and Sri Kanthimathi of Tinnevelly. He established a choultry at a cost of lis. 15,000, which is still
in existence,
and in which Brahmins and Goshais are
supplied with food gratis every day.
He
built
some more
temples and they are

the
as Sundaravilasam,
all
even to this day maintained by
members of his family.
The
excellent buildings
known
in
Kaliana Mahal, Subramania Vilasam,
and others that grace the town of Etaiyapuram were built

his.timj.
The two
flags of
honor promised to the Zemin-
dar's father
were received then.
He
left
behind him
five
sons, Jagavira
Eama Kumara
Ettappa Nayakar îyan,

succeeded to
of the old
Venkateswara Ettu Nayakar, Muthuswami Pandian and
Eamaswami Pandian. The eldest of these the estate and built a new palace in the place
which he pulled down.
fortress instead of the
one
He also erected a substantial brick The edifice known old mud fort.
a golden cupola
as "
Shunmugavilasam " with
was
built-*
by him.
Some
roads, especially the fine
and broad one
leading to Naduvirpati, were constructed under his orders.

Villages yielding an annual income of Es. 2,500 were set
apart for the festivals of the Siva and Vishnu temples.

Villages yielding Es. 7,600, annually were
made perma18
nent endowments for the up-keep of the temple of Subra-
138
The Abistocracy of Southern

The
great
India.
maniaswami.
mantapam
Jewels set
also erected in his time.

of the value of Ks. 70,000
Kalugumalai vâs with precious stones

at
were presented
to
SubramaniaVishnu, and
at Es.
swami and his Tamil verses in praise Subramaniaswami bear testimony to
of Siva,
his ripe scholarship.
Two bridges,
of
one
at a cost of Es. 6000,
and another
high
10,000, respectively, were built
by him.
their
The Government
appreciation
Madras
placed on
record
of his public spiritedness
and benevolence.
His bounty
and munificence did not end here, for he also built a choultry at Vepalpate and endowed two villages yielding When he died Es. 1500, annually for its up-keep.
he
left
no heirs and hence his brother, Jagavira
Eama
to the
Venkateswara Ettappa Nayakar Aiyan succeeded

estate.
He
spent a large
sum
of
money
in
erecting
mantapams and other appendages to the Siva temple there. Notable among the additions to the palace was the Hall
of Installation
surmounted with
five
golden cupolas costing
He also died childless and therefore his "brother Muthuswami Jagavira Eama Ettappa Nayakar Aiyan came He had an interview with to the"fossession of the estate.
Es. 7,000.
the Tinnevelly District.
when His Excellency visited Swami Dikshidar, the author of

Skunda Puranam, was
Chambu Kairam,
a portion of the
publicly honored and rewarded by the Zemindar.
silver
hoiodah and a car at a cost of about 20,000

for the
Eupees were prepared

temple.
use of the Kalugumalai
He
left
behind him two sons, the elder of
whom
succeeded him.
Jagavira
Eama Kumara
Ettappa Nayaker Aiyan had
the honor of welcoming H. E. H. the Prince of Wales, now King Edward VII, when he landed at Tuticorin in

S.
R. J. E. V. Ettappa Nayakar Bahadur. 139
December, 1875. The Zemindar travelled with His Koyal Highness as far as Koilpati. We give the following lengthyextract relating to the visit of
His Eoyal Highness
to
the Tinnevelly District
" At last
we reached
terra fir ma.

re?illy
The
little
preparations
were pretty
about one.
but there was
very
time to look
temporary pavilion or Pandal had been erected, in which the inevitable address was delivered,
and
the
the
Zemindars
of courtesies
were
presented
and when
exhausted
delivered
the
to
exchange
had ended, the Prince walked

till
station,
where he waited
Margaret
the
and
her
exhausting
Northcote,
had
luckless freight.
It is scarcely possible to exaggerate the
quiet
charms
of the scenery along the
new Eailway,
or the
great delight of the people at the combined attractions of
the
first
Train, and of the Prince.
The whole population

erect figures, square
thronged to the road-side.

shouldf^'s,
The
tall,
broad chests, narrow flanks, and straight limbs

as the graceful
It
of the
men, struck one almost as much

to find a finer race in
carriage and elegant forms of the

difficult
women.
would be
world.
any part
of the
Their attitudes of wonder and joy were singularly graceful
and
attractive.
Some
expressed their feelings by

if
placing their hands, clasped as

breasts
;
in prayer, before their

lips,
,
others held their fingers to their

;
as
if
to
alL
suppress their cries
but as the Train passed one and
clapped hands, as
if
they were of a London alidience,
applauding at a Theatre.
to-do looking people could
more
natural, easy,
and
well-
not be found in Christendom.
Plains green with sugar, rice and cotton, spread to the

foot of the
-
wooded
Hills of gniess rock, which, generally

of
conical,
wêre
sometimes worn into fantastic outline
1-10
The
ARisTociiACY of Southern India.
castle-like crag,
and beetling precipice.
It is certainly a
land,
if
not flowing with milk and honey, inhabited by a
population of sweet and kindly disposition, whose virtues

are admitted by Missionaries, and
ability
whose exceeding
tract-
has gained for them the praise of masters, not
always given to indulge in over-laudation of any native

virtues.
"
The
part of India, which

is
the Missionaries
call
Tamil-land,
larger than Bavaria, Saxony,
Wurtemburgh,
and contains a
peope.
and the German Dukedoms together, population of about sixteen millions
of
The
Neilgherries rising to the height of 8,000 feet, the Pulney
with peaks 7,000 feet high, and their eastern offshoots, and the watersheds throw off diversify the surface
;
supplies for the great rivers, which become, however, for
part of the year,
little
more than beds

;
of
sand.
Coffee
is
planted on the lower ranges

cultivated in the plains,
rice in great quantities is

is
and sugar cultivation
extending.
Indigo and different kinds of ^rain thrive in parts of the District, if so it may be called, and cotton is not only
abundant for the wants of the native manuThe manufacture facturers, but gives margin for export. of iron, of very great excellence, the ore of which, is found
suflici'ently
in large quantities throughout
is still
carried on.
have the Salt Tax and monopoly in full force, at Pondicherry receiving '10,000 a year for prohibiting the manufacture within their Settlements the revenue of
;
Here we the French
the Tamil District from this objectionable source amountino- to about two millions of Rupees per annum.
"At
of
Maniachi, 18 miles from Tuticorin, a deputation
about 6,000 native Christians including a large body of
clergy and catechists, and 1,000 boys and girls receiving
S.
R. J. R. V. ETTAPrA Nayakar Bahadur. 141
education in Church of England schools, awaited the arrival

of
H.
n.
H.
The Prince
of
Wales, the Rev. Dr. Caldwell,
the able and learned Missionary of the Society for the
Propagation of the Gospel, and the Rev. Dr. Sargent, a

veteran representative of the Church Missionary Society,
surrounded by a considerable
staff of
English clergy, stood
on the platform
side
by
side
typ^ying the perfect unanimity
with which our two great Church societies are laboring for
the evangehsation of India.
"When H. R. H.
alighted
from his carriage, the Missionaries were presented to him by Mr. Robinson and Canon Duckworth. Dr. Caldwell,
read an address of welcome from the Church of Tinnevelly
expressing the devoted loyalty of
its
members and
their
deep sense of the special blessings they enioyed as the

Christian subjects of a Christian sovereign.
of the
Church
it
of
England Mission
in
The progress this region was

of
sketched, and
was shown how the good seed convej-ed

the last
from Tanjore by Schwartz about the end

centurj'
and that which was sown broadcast from 1820
onwards by Rhenius, both German Missionaries in the employ of English Societies, had been nurtuved by Missionaries since 1840, until the Native Christian com-
munity
in
Tinnevelly
is
the most
numerous
in India.
Christian congregations have been formed in about 900
towns, villages, and hamlets composed

converts.
District
exclusively
of
The total number of Native Christians in the was stated to be sixty thousand, who are unde*
number
of
the charge of 54 Native clergy and 590 catechists, and

teachers of various grades; and the
communiabout
the
cants
is
10,878.
The
girls.
schools
It
is
are
attended by
13,000 boys and
worthy
of note that
Christians in Tinnevelly contributed last year Rs. 32,488 in the for thê support ot their own church equivalent

142
sacrifice
The Abistocracy of Southern

it
India.
represents to eight or ten times the
amount
in
England.
At the conclusion of the address, a handsomely bound Bible and Prayer Book, in the Tamil
fine lace,
language,
and offerings of embroidery and exquisitely the handiwork of girls attending the Tinnevelly
schools were presented to His Eoyal Highness."
"At
12-20
P.
M.,
the Train stopped at Koilpati,
36 miles from Tuticorin.
handsome mess-tent
fitted
There was a small camp and a up luxuriously near the station.
The
tents belonged to the minor
Zemindar of Etaiyapuram
who was
we had
there with his kinsfolk and tenants, and the
usual mighty multitude to greet the Prince.
Once more
occasion to wonder at the swarming masses and
to admire the fine forms, pleasant
picturesque appearance of
of half
manners and looks, and There was a halt the people.
an hour
for
luncheon and, before the Prince
resumed his journey, he accepted from the Zemindar
some
articles of trifling value as
mementoes
of his visit."
The Zemindar was one

1876,
of those that
were invited to
be present at the Imperial Assemblage held at Delhi in
when he had an
interview with the then Viceroy

of India,
and Governor-General
and received a gold medal

:
from him with the following
certificate
Certificate.
"
By command
of
of

certificate
is
^"Governor-General this
presented in
the
of
name
Her Most Gracious

Jagavira
of
J\rajesty Victoria,
Empress
India, to
Bama Cumara
of
Ettappa
Nayakar,
Jagavira
Zemindar
fidelity to
Etaiyapuram, son
Muttusawmy
Rama Ettappa
poor.
1st
Nayakar, in recognition of his loyalty and
the British
Government and
charity to the
January 1887."

S.
R. J. R. V. Ettappa
Nayakar Bahadur. 143

throughout India,
He was
of the
thus enabled to travel
escorted by a Public Officer of rank,
under the orders
Madras Gvernment.
to
He was
one of the few
who
were invited
India.
attend the assemblage from Southern
In the course of his travels to and from Delhi and

other parts of India on the same occasion, under the
special orders
of
the
Government
of
Madras, he was
escorted by a Public Officer of rank.
"When famine raged most furiously in 1877-78 the Zemindar established feeding houses and thousands of
people were fed gratis.
He
further extended his right
hand
of
sympathy
money.
to his ryots
by advancing them large

that appeared then in
will not be out of
sums
of
The following
the proceedings of the Court of

place here "
:
Wards
The interest displayed by the minor Zemindar in the management of the charities is highly creditable to him.
2.
The
Collector
will
intimate
to
the ^ minor
Zemindar
occasion."
their high appreciation of his conduct
on
this
We give
the
the following remarks
made by
the Judge of the decision*
Subordinate
Court of
Tinnevelly in
given in favor of the Zemindar in the suit brought by his

paternal uncle
" as
:
Here the
plaintiff described the
Etaiyapuram Estate
a simple
e.,
Zemindari created
during the
hearing that
I cast
at
some time
period)
prior to
1783, (L
at
Mahomedan
it
and denied
burden of
the
first
was an ancient Polliam.

,
Consûently
upon
1st defendant the
144

it
India.
establishing tliat
dari,
was
a Polliam
and not a mere Zemin-
which, as ah'eady observed, does not necessarily
imply impartibility.
Polliam prior to the
next
Whether
the estate existed as a

rule or not,
is
Mahomedan
thus the
question for consideration.
The
plaintiff's
own
Etaiyapuram published by one Swami Dikshadar) shows that the family was founded so far back as in A.D. 803 that 36 successions intervened between the original founder and the present 1st
exhibit
(the History of
;
defendant
and that during
this long period of 1,000 years
there w'as not a single instance of a partition having taken

place of the estate.
Throughout
this
book the Polligar
is
spoken
of as a sovereign prince.
It is true that this
book
was
filed
by
plaintiff for the
limited purpose of showing

of his
that his grandfather
was not the son
immediate
predecessor
but this will not prevent the Court from
reading the whole book as one document and availing * * * itself of other informations therein contained.
" For the foregoing reasons I find that the Estate
of
Etaiyapuram was a Principality

and that the
that from the nature

it
of its constitution, as a sort of sovereignty,
has been
all
along impartible
the time
of
it
villages acquired during
Plaintiff's
grandfather
and father
form
accretions to
and are therefore equally impartible."

to the
He made
^leading
to
Local Board a free

8 miles
long,
gift of
the road out
Calugumalai,
laid
and
maintained at his own cost. For the completion of the bridge at Srivaikuntam across the Tambraparni he lent with the approval of the Government, Kupees 35,000 to the District Board of Tinnevelly. His tenants were
greatly benefited during his time since
all
the irrigation
works underwent thorough
repairs.
S.
R. J. R. V. ETTArpA Nayakah Kattadur. UT)
Though he was liberal-minded and fênerous to a fault, yet he was able to effect a large saving. He built a palace on modern style at a cost of two lakhs of llupees,
and
this has
added much
to the picturesqueness of the
town.
During
his time education
made
great progress in
his estate
through the establishment of endowed schools.

*
The Zemindar acquired

licence
a wide reputation for nuniibrief illness
and nobility of heart, and after a

llSOO,
he
passed away in May,

of his friends, relations
amidst the universal regret
and
ryots.
The present Zemindar,
Sri
Rajah Jagavira
Rama
Venkateswara Ettappa Nayakar Bahadur was liorn in 1878. Till 1890, proper arrangements were made lor his education, and he applied himself with industry and
zeal
to
the
acquirement
of
knowledge.
Soon
after
his
father's death, the
Court of Wards undertook the
management
of
of the estate,
and sent the young Zemindar

educationists
Potts,
to Madr.-^s for education.
He was trained by
much experience and moral worth such as Messrs.
Ellison, Morrison, Payne,
Ohettiar.
and Rai Bahadur K. Jagannadha While under the cai*e of Mr. Morrison he
travelled with
in the
him
to almost all the places of importance
Madras and Bengal
presidencies, and Colombo, by
land and by sea, and learnt the manners and customs

prevailing in those places.
Under the
care of his veteran
instructors he devoted himself to study and a preparation

for his after
At the same time, he did not neglect the accomplishments of a well-born Zemindar, and became
life.
keen sportsman and a good
rider.
In December 1899, the Rajah attained his majority,
and the Government

guddi of
his ancestors.
of
Madras installed Jiiiu on the The ceremony took place on a

14G
The
Aristoct.acy of RorTiiEPA' India.
when there were present the Collector of the In the District and many other prominent officials. course of the speech made on the occasion he thanked
j^rand scale
the
Government
of
Madras, and said
"It is now my pleasant dutj^ to thank the Madras Government, the Com't of Wards and the several Collectors,
who were
have given
in the district
since the
assumption
of the
management hy
estate during
for the
the Court of Wards, for the education they

for the excellent
me and
management
of
my
my minority, and thank specially Mr. Bedford

me by his personally handing Estate to me on this occasion."
the
officials of his
honor he has done
over the charge of the "&^
The Eajah thanked
Samasthanam,
:
and his respective guardians in the following terms

" I
am
certainly proud to
mention the name

his
of
Mr.
V. Venkatroyer here who was managing the estate under

the Court of Wards in the beginning; and
all
good work
could
be seen in
the whole of
the
estate.
He was
work and
universally liked and respected for his good

ability.
succeeded by M. E. Ry. P. Sivarama Iyer Avergal, b.a., as manager and he has managed the
estate satisfactorily
;
He was
and
it is
in his time that
an addition
was made to the estate by the purchase of a large portion of Gandamanayaganoor and I thank him for all he has done
towards
excellent
festivities.
the improvement
of
my
estate
and
for
the
manner
in
which he conducted
my
marriage
" I also
thank
my
several guardians, Messrs. Potts,
Ellison,
Morrison, Payne and Kai Bahadur K. Jaganall
nadha Chetty Garoo who have

in
taken such deep interest
my
welfare.

S.
R. J. R. Y- Ettappa

make
it
" Lastly I assure
you
I will
my sacred duty to
manage my
virtue
estate without deviating from the path of

justice
;
and wish to avail myself of this opportunity to present this sunnud to Rai Bahadur K. Jagannadha Chetty Garoo with whose experience, I and
hope to give satisfaction
in the
management
of
my
ancient
and important Zemin dari.

" Thanking you again, ladies and gentlemen, for your
extreme kindness in attending

I
this installation
ceremony,
of
fervently
pray for
the
speedy termination
the
Transvaal troubles in favour of Great Britain and Ireland
and for the long

of
life,
sound health and prosperous rule

the Queen-Empress of
Her Most Gracious Majesty
India."
The Rajah
message
"
tion
of
Ramnad
telegraphed the
:
following
of congratulation
on the occasion
My heartfelt congratulations to you on your assumpMy of charge of your ancient and historical estate.
Ramanatha and
to
fervent prayers to Sree
Kalugachala
Shanmuga Moorthi to grant you long life and coiTtinued 1 prosperity and to make you and your truth llourisli. have little in the way uf advice except to beg yuii mobt
earnestly
at;
the sou of one A\'ho was
to
me
devoted
brother
t& take
my
complete failure as a Zemindar as
warning to you in your future career and to remind you of the words of Lord Ripon to the, Nizam, look to your finance,' an advice which I disregarded
sufficient
'
but which
must beg you
"
to^
bear in mind to avoid the

it.
consequences.
I suffer by disregarding
You know what
great affection and regard I have for you personally and you it is that that prompts me, even presses me to wire to
thusopening
my
heart
*
to
you.
Your manager, Mr.

148
India.
I

is
.
Sivaramier
rc{,ârd for
in
away my
guardian and
.
have fatherly
him I regret his leaving you Abhishekam and Archanai m your mame
to
am performing
day grandly
this
Sree Kamanatha and to our Divine Mother and will send you prasadam. Be ever loyal to our
my Lord
Sovereign and
Her Government and use your
wealth,
power, and influence to benefit others, and to injure none, and above all, be devoted to the feet of Him who from
Kalugachalam protects you now and ever."

Mr. G.
S.
all,
and thus you
will be
happy
Forbes telegraphed thus
" Sincere congratulations undertaking
management
your estates.
AVish you every success and happy and prosperous year."
The Maharajah* of Bobbili wired
as follows
"Hearty congratulations on jour taking charge

your estate."
of
The Court
was obliged
of
Wards
desired to replace Mr.
Payne who
England on urgent private affairs by an oiliccr who would not only be competent to instruct llie young Zemindar in regard to the management of his estate
to go to
but would also be a suitable person for retention after the

"property passed the hands of the
Government
of Madras,
Kai Bahadur K. Jagannadha Chettiar, an officer of marked ability, unblemished reputation and long experience was
specially selected for that post.
He was Dewan
of the
estate for about 2 years
and worked with much success.
He
1.3
lately retired
b.
on a decent pension.
i'lllai,
The present JJe\N an

I'-puty
Mr.
T.
bhunmugam
b. a., a retirtd

S.
11.
J.
11,.
V. EiTAprA
experience.

With
the inteHiênce of
Collector of
much
the Eajah Sahib coupled with that of his able and ener<;etic Dewan, the Samasthanam is sure to thrive and prosper.
The Eajah Sahib was under the care and tuition of competent Englishmen of great parts, and the advantages
derived from his travel to v&rious parts of the country,
opened his eyes to reforms in social life, and the first item he desired to practically carry out was the opening of a
Girls'
School in his estate.
During
his father's time there
was an English school teaching up to the Lower Secondary standard, and the present Rajah raised it to the grade of a
High
a
School.
Etayapuram
is
a very large estate, where
High School was
a desideratum for a long time.
These
measm-es tending towards education were carried out by him soon after he assumed charge of the estate. He has
opened a model farm on

itself is sufficient to
scientific principles,
is
and
this in
prove that he
just
paving the way
for higher reforms in point of cultivation.
Ho
a
has also
at
established
choultry,
school,
and
market
Yeppalpatti.
In honor of the Coronation of King Edward YII, a meeting was held at J^^taiyapuram when the Kajah made
the following interesting speech
"
:
Gentlemen,
\\e are assembled here,
not to discuss questions
connected with our private concerns, nor to express our views on party or public questions of any kind, but to
perform a most solemn and sacred function of paying
homage to our Most Gracious the King-Emperor Edward All,

day
'*i
Sovereign, His Majeîty.

this the
most mcmoralilc
hi^
Coronation, in the City of Lonclon, being the

*
loO
India.
all
capital of his world-wide dominions,
on which, you
know, the Sun never

of
sets,
and further to express our
sentiments of congratulation on that happy event, and

our loyalty and devotion to the British
Crown
of
unrivalled splendour and glory.
"It
benefits
is
no exaggeration
to
say that
we
(Indians) are
deeply indebted to the British Kaj for the innumerable
we have been enjoying under
its
suzerainty,
such as gigantic irrigation and water supply projects,

noblest charities in the establishment of Hospitals and
Chattrams,
rapid
advance
Art,
in
Education,
Literature,
Civilisation,
Religious liberty,
Science,
Trade and
Manufacture, and various other privileges never before

chronicled in the pages of the Indian History, and I do
not
think
we can
possiblj^
repay the debt except by
continuing to be ever most grateful and loyal to the
Throne.
.
"I
really
wish
were, at this moment,
present in
London among the party of Indian visitors, there, partaking

of the loyal functions they perform,
and the grand and
gorgeous spectacle they enjoy this day.

but
best
As
it is,
I could
make a feeble attempt way of commemorating
at
what
thought the only
the event, by planting trees
and topes, sinking

V
wells, feeding
and clothing the poor,
.nd conducting a procession of the
Emperor's portrait
a
round the streets of

this,
this
I
town and holding

glad to say,
I
Durbar
to
like
here.
So
far,
am
my
attempt has
been a perfect success, and

of
is
must not omit

and
ryots, as
thank
all
my
relations, friends, officers,
my
success
due mainly to their hearty co-operation and assistance throughout, and we all see, this afternoon, the Heaven
has also accorded
its
banction to our arrangemettis by

S.
R. J.
Pt.
V. EtTAPPA
NaVAKAR
riAIIADUR.
iTil
sending, from the region of clouds, long unheard peals

of
thunder accompanied by rain, as

is
if
the report of our
101 guns fired

event.
not loud enough to proclaim the happy
" In conclusion,
I,
with the
full
consent of the meeting,
once more voice
my own
sentiments as well as theirs,
of hearty congratulation
on 'our Emperor's Coronation,
and
of our devoted loyalty to the
Throne
as well as the
Almighty God for the long life and continuously prosperous reign of His jNIajesty and I propose three cheers to His Majesty the
secret prayer of our heart of hearts to the
;
King-Emeror, and three more
to
Her Majesty
the Queen,
Empress."
The Eajah, who, in intelligence, purpose, is in no way inferior to his
capacity and fixed

predecessors, has
undertaken what he considers as the most important duties

of his exalted position, in the establishment of educational
instit'jtions,
and in the introduction
of scientific
methods
of cultivation.
fine feeling,
He
is
nobleman
of great
promise with
generous sympathies and an excellent and
resolute character.
We
in
give the following from

his
what Mr.
Caldwell
expressed
history
of the
:
Tinnevelly
District about the
Etaiyapuram Samasthanam
" This lucid and most interesting history of Ettaiya-
puram Zemindari,
Tinnevelly District
the most
important
Zemindari
in
may
it
be said to form an Epoch in the
literary history of the
Presidency of Madras and even of

is
Southern India, as
in itself a
not only the
first
connected
history of an Indian Zemindari which has appeared, but

is
well to follow.
model which other Zemindars would do The Zemindar instead of giving himself up
ir/A
India.
his
to idleness
and luxury, and leaving the best interests of

I'ate,
people to their
spirited
has set himself to imitate the public

of the best class of
and beneficent action
European
position
nobles and not only
made for himself
name and
in the foremost class of Indian local administrators, but
has given his Zemindari the highest position that any
Indian district of this class has yet reached.
cannot
but trust that the Madras Government will take the
opportunity of
evincing
its
sense of the
Zemindar's
set,
services to the State desire that his
by the example he has
and
its
example should be followed by others in some appropriate manner. For instance, might they not
give this history, a place
amongst the
historical
memoirs
with
and
records published by
themselves,
together
title of
conferring on this model Zemindar, valued by natives ?"
some
honour,
ti
Sri Riijah A-
^'-
-Tuj^jâ
Ihu) Gt\ni,
(C
Kiiiiikytc Ksjtiite
I'lCos, lânibhii.
SRI RAJAH
A.
V.
JUGGA RAO BAHADUR GARU,
ZEMINDAR OF SHER MUHAMMADPIRAM

(VIZAGAPATAM
DISTTilCT).
Of handsome person and with and a

brilliant intellect,
Si;i
fascinating;
manners
llao
l\ajah
A. V.
is
Jugga
such
Bahadur Garu, the subject

of varied
of our sketch,
a gentleman
sigiial
attainments,
and has rendered
service to the scientific world as cannot fail to raise

in
him
the estimation of
many
a savant both of the East
and the West.
He
has been
travelled through Eui'ope
much abroad; he has and many other foreign lands,

all
and his mind being stored with

his conversation is
he has seen and heard
most
ajjreeable "'
and
instructive.
Sri
It is said that the family
from which
Jugga Pvao
under the
INIr.
Garu has sprung

ancestors
is
an ancient one, and that some of his
held respectable
and high posts

of
Xizanl of
Hyderabad,
prominent
them being
Ankitam Sriramulu Garu, who was Dewan to the Nawab of Masulipatam. Eai Bahadur A. V. Narasiitga Eao Garu, the son of Dewan Sriramulu Garu, was born in 1827.
Mr. Narasinga Eao
so he
lost his father
when but an
infant
and
was taken
of
to
Vizagapatam and brought up under the

His education was,
care
at
J.
his
maternal grandfather.
the
father
first
entrusted to Mr. Porter, and then to the Eev.

D.
I).,
Hay, Northern
of the
Circars.
modern education /b Mr. Narasinga Eao entered the service

of
East India Company when he was young, and

position of
early rose to the
Deputy Collector through

Garu, the daughter of
20 Îr.
,
sheer dint of energy, good character, and perseverance.
He
Achayamma Godav Jugga Eao Gam.

married Sri

154
Sri
The Aristocracy
of Southern India.
Eani Achayamma Gam, the wife of Kai Bahadur Narasinga Kao Garu, and mother of Mr. A. V. Jugga
"Rao
Garu, comes of a very highly respectable family,

first
the
prominent member
of
it
being Mr. Goday Jugga
Eao Garu, who came from Masulipatam to Vizagapatam as the Dubash of the then Governor-in-Council of
Northern Circars, which had a special Governor in those days. Mr. Jugga Rao Garu built a temple the only
chief temple
is
a living
now dedicated monument of his
to
Sitharamaswami, which
piety.
He had two
sons,
Prakasa Eao Garu, and Narain Eao Garu. The former died heirless, but the latter was blessed with two sons,
one of them being Mr. G. V. Jugga Eao Garu.
Mr. Goday Venkata Jugga Eao Garu was sent by his father to Madras for education, where he remained for some time, and made considerable progress in his studies.
He
had a
scientific
and inventive turn

at
of
mind.
He
built
in 1874
Vizagapatam, and determined the latitude of the place, and also invented a Pluviometer
(instrument for measuring rain).
an Observatory
The following
:
extracts
show the
position he held in the scientific world
Miscellaneous Papers.
No. 1405.
From
The Meteorological Eeporter
to the Govt, of
Bengal
To
A. V.
Nursing Eow, Esq., "Daba Gardens," Vizagapatam,

Dated Calcutta, 22nd Augtist 1870.
Sir,
of
communicate to you the thanks the Lieutenant Governor for the valuable assistance
I
am
directed
to
Sri Rajah A. V. Jugga Rao

'
Bahadur Garu.
this
155
you have voluntarily rendered to

of the official observations. I
Department by
forwarding your observations for collocation with those
have the honor to be,

Sir,
Your
(Signed)
niDst obedient servant,
HENRY
F.
BLANFORD,
to
Meteorological Beporter
the Govt, of Bengal.
No. 67.
From
The Meteorological Reporter
to the Govt, of Bengal.
To
A. V.
Nursing Row,
Esq.,
Vizagapatam,
Dated Calcutta,
Sir,
I
10^/t
February 1872.
am
directed to convey to you the thanks of the
Lieutenant Governor of Bengal for the valuable assistance
you have rendered to

of the
this office in
communicating copies
,
Vizagapatam Registers.
I have the honor to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient

(Signed)
servant,
HENRY F. BLANFORD,
Meteorological Reporter
to
i5(i
The Aeistockacy of Southern

No. 416.
India.
From
The Meteorological Keporter
to the Govt, of Bengal.
To
A. V. NuiisiNG
Eow, Esq.,
ViZAGAPATTAM,
Aiirjust 1874.
Dated -Calcutta, \Uh

Sir,
communicate to you the thanks of the Lieutenant Governor for the valuable assistance you have voluntarily rendered to this Department by
I
am
directed
to
forwarding your observations for collocation with those

of the official observatories. I
have the honor

Sir,
to be,
Your most obedient

(Signed)
Off<j.
servant,
M. G.
WILLSON,
Reporter
to
c tea ruIo(j leal
Extract from the Hanchj Booh of Meteorology.
Alex. Buchan.
"Since
this rain
gauge does not admit of very nice
measurement another sort is frequently used, consisting of a receiving- vessel and a glass measure of much smaller dianpeter, which admits of as nice graduation as maybe desired.
good specimen of
this class
is
the gauge
recommended
by Mr. Symons, London, Fig, 80, in which (b) is the vessel which receives the rain, and (c) the graduated vessel which measures the amount. There being often great difficulty
or
trouble
it
experienced
replacing the
glass
measure
lior/.
when
chanceu to -ct broken, the late G. V. Ju-'-a
Ski Bajah A. V. Jugga
Rao Bahaduh Gaku.
157
a wealthy Zemindar of Vizagapatam, proposed a gauge

(Fig 81) in the form of a funnel having a diameter of
4"
697
inches or a receiving area of 17"88 square inches.
Now
tliis
since a fluid ounce contains 1*788 cubic inches of water,

it
follows that for every fluid ounce
collected
by
gauge, the tenth of an inch of rain has fallen.
The measure
;
can of course be graduated to

it
afiy degree of nicety
and
may
easily be reproduced
if
required.
76'.
It
is
also the
cheapest rain-gauge costing only
6(?.
wlicn
made
of
copper and
4?. (jd.
when made
of tin.
Self-registering rain
;
gauges have been invented by Osier and Cresley
but
being too expensive for general use, they need not be

described."
Mr. Venkata Jugga Kao had no sons, but he had an

only daughter, Sri
*
Achayamma
Garu,
who was
given in
marriage to Mr. IS'arasinga liao Garu.
After the death of
Mr. Goday Jugga i\ao Garu, his daughter inherited his

estate,
and in order to manage
this,
Mr. Narasiuga l\ao
resigned his post of
Deputy Collector and Magistrate.
Mrs. Narasinga Eao was a lady of really fine charîcterj

elevated thoughts and noble disposition.
of
The Government
head and
of Eani.
Madras
in recognition of her qualities, both of
heart, conferred
on her the personal distinction
A
it
cultured
man
himself, Mr. Narasinga
Bao enlarged
the observatory founded by his father-in-law by adding to
an equatorial Telescope, surmounted with a mo,veable dome at a cost of a lakh of Kupees, a transit instrument
and a
sidereal clock.
He
also
opened a Meteorological
Observatory and furnished Government daily with meteorological reports.

of his services
The Government of India in recognition conferred on him the title of Bai Baliadur.
He wa^
appointed Honorary Metcorolo;;icc<l Eeportcr to

158
India.
the Government of India for Vizagapatam.
The Govern-
ment evening gun

in 1871,
of the firing
at that station
having been discontinued
Mr. Narasinga Eao offered to bear the expenses
which the Government

and
this
of
Madras allowed
of the
as a special case
useful
institution has been
maintained ever since.
He was
elected Fellow
Royal Astronomical Society in 1871, and of the Royal

Geographical Society in 1872.
"We give the following extracts we were able to
collect
from Government records, and also from the annual reports of A. V. Jugga Eao Observatory for the information of
our readers
:
No. 465. " Order dated 28th November
1871, No. 3837.

in
The Eight Honorable
the
Governor
Council
gun at Waltair under the orders of the Officer commanding Northern District, Mr. Nursing Eow paying for the powder on presentation
authorizes the firing of an evening
of the necessary vouchers.
(True Extract.)
(Signed)
A. C.
SILVEE,
Col.,
Offg. Secy, to Govt.
To
The Adjutant General,

Controller of Military Accounts,
Insr-Genl. of Ord.
Magazines.
(True Copy.)
(Signed)
T.
TAYLOE,
Office.
Hd.
Clerk,
Adjt. GenVs.
My
I
dear Mr. Nursing Eow,

have the pleasure to forward
of
for
your perusal
the .evening
Proceedings
Government
sanctioning
Sri Eajah A. V. Jugga

^ji
i
Kao Bahadur Garu.

.
159
gun under the arrangements proposed by you.
I will
send
the order giving effect to above from this evening by
my
you
Serjeant-Major to Vizagapatam about 4 to day.
If
have any thing in the
v^ây of
instruction to send to the

is fired, let
man who regulates the clock by which the gun me know before hand please.
Believe me,
Waltair,
6th Dec. 1871.
Your's sincerely,
(Signed) C. G.
GUNNING.
Kindly return the " Proceedings of Government."
From The Indian Magazine, August
1887, issued
in aid of
by the National Indian Associstion London, Social Progress and Education in India
Eeview.
G. V. Juggarow's Observatory, Daba Gardens, Vizagapatm;
Kesults of Meteorological observations, 1885.
With
an I*ntroduction, containing Astronomical observations, &c., by A. V. Nursingarow, Esq., f. r. a. s.,

F. R. G. s.,
Calcutta
Thacker, Spink
all
&
Co.
Perhaps the most picturesque of

of the
the coast districts
Madras Presidency is Vizagapatam the land Hindoo Mars, which is the meaning of the word
along the north-west shore of the
in the chief native
of the
lying
Here,
Bay
of Bengal.
town
of the district, lived in
former
days a wealthy Zemindar, G. V. Juggarow Esq., wiio, to

the
many
acts of benevolence
he practised among the
people* around him,
added a great taste for scientific enquiry, especially in the subject of Meteorology for the furtherance of which, he established there in 1841 ihe In the excellent observatory which bears his name.
;
introduction to this Eeport of Eesults, Mr. Juggarow's
160
tliaries

are largely quoted from, to
India.
his
show what had been

as
also of
great desire, to provide and maintain an estabHshment for
the accurate record
of
these
observations,
to
communicate
to the residents
around " the state
my
barometer or the aiDproach of bad weather," and he

enjoined upon his heirs, " in case I breathe
my last before
doing
so,
they should
the cost of
make the Institutions permanent at my estate." The observatory had originally
been well stocked with instruments, but these becoming

antiquated, others of
much
greater value and of recent
date liave been introduced
l)y his
son-in-law and successor
Mr. A. V. Nursingarow, who, with the help of a number

of well trained native assistants,
has so carefully and
regularly conducted these observations in the past, that

in all subjects, such as temperature, rainfall direction
and
force of winds,
^c, comparison
is
made with what had
been recorded daily in sixteen previous years.
From
The Collector's
Office,
ViZIANAGRAM,
Mth
August, 1874.
My Dear
I
Sir,
have the pleasure to forward you the Government
Order which please return after perusal on the subject of the light to be exhibited from your flag staff tower, and
shall feel
obliged
Nayudu
to
you will permit overseer Soobiah proceed with the work.

if
Believe me,
Yours
(Signed)
faithfully,
NOEDMANN,
Executive Engineer.
A. V.
Nursing Eow, Esq.
Sri Bajah A. V. Jugga Eao

j
Bahadur
Gartj.
161
.
No. 743.
ViZAGAPATAM COLLECTOR'S OFFICE,
5th June, 1885.
From
H. G. Turner, Esq.,
Ag.
Collectoj'
of Vizagapatam.
To
A. V.
Nursing Eow, Esq.,

Vizagapatam.
Sir,
I
have the honor to annex for your information
extracts from reports to

signal
Government on the
subject of the
Tower on Dolphin's Nose.
Extracts from the Proceedings of Government, dated 13th

*
May
*
1885, No. 200 Marine.

*
Notes
of Inspection
by the Chief Engineer,

1885.
-x-
P.
W.
D., 1 Circle,
February March
*
*
is
Signal
Tower on Dolphin's Nose.

It is
This building
in
a state of great disrepair, and has evidently been neglected

for years.
surmounted by a Flag
any time.
Staff the support-
ing ropes of which appeared to be rotten, and the
wood
,
work might
the building
fall
is
at
The
present condition of
it
repaired or pulled down.
*****
certainly dangerous and
..
should be either
*
,
From J.H.
Taylor, Lieut. E.N.R., Master Attendant,
Madras, to the Chief Secretary to Government, dated
Madras, 28th April 1885, No. 3493.

V
'fC
'p
f*
'^
21
l"62
The Aiustockacy of Southern

The
signal
India.
is
Tower on Dolphin's Nose

it
private pro-
perty.
It is
an old observatory belonging to the Nursing

;
Kow's family
was put
at our disposal for the exhibition
of a lantern for the benefit of the shipping,
but on the
occasion of a cyclone, in
October 1876, the light and
portion of the house was destroyed, but the injury to the direct property was not in any way caused by the lantern
or any marine interference.
*
*
I
*
be,
"5^
have the honor to

Sir,
Your most obedient

(Signed)
servant,
H. G.
TUENEE,
Acting Collector.
ViZAGAPATAM DiSTEICT GAZETTE,
Ut May
Notice.
1886.
Flag
" It
is
staj^
on Dolphin's Nose.
hereby notified for the information of the public
that Mr. A. V. Nursing
Eow
has erected an expensive
and durable Flagstaff on the Dolphin's Nose, and the time signals are now hoisted on it under his orders every
morning between 8 and 9

"
o'clock to indicate time.
The
flags are
hauled
down
at nine in the
morning
with great precision, and
it is
intended thereby to indicate
the precise time of that hour not only for the information
of
persons whose distance from the Fort renders the

p.
report of the 9
the Shipping in
of
gun inaudible, but also to afford the Eoads the means of finding the error
m. time
to indicate the error of the
chronometers and
time gan."
Sri Rajah A. V. Jugga Rao
Bahadur Garu.
163
Eai Bahadur A. V. Narasinga Rao Garu loved, cultivated, and encouraged arts and sciences, and held men
of learning in the highest esteem vâs fond of society,
and confidence.
life
He
and his course of
was sober
and regular.
Lively in conversation, he kept up the
dignity of his station by the most amiable and condescend
ing behaviour. "4d
He
left
Rupees 1,15,000,
of
as
an endowment
for
College to be called after his wife.
The
College
is
managed
of
by a small committee
District
is
which the Collector
the
the Chairman, and Sri Rajah A. V. Jugga
Rao
Garu
is
is
the Vice-chairman.
The strength
as Principal,
of the Collesre
m.a., l.t., a
450 with Mr. P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar,

abilities,
teacher of tried
who has
a good
staff of assistants, consisting chiefly of graduates.

is
There
a library and reading
room attached
is
to the College for
the use of the students and teachers.

hostelof
Sri
There
is
also a
which the Principal
the Warden.
Rajah A. V. Jugga Rao Bahadur Garu was born on the 4th February 1866, at Vizagapatam. He received
his elementary education in the
London Mission High

it
School there.
As
for scientific education
was
chiefly
conducted by his father,

training
who
took a special interest in
him
in astronomical
and meteorological work.'

evinced great interest in
He made
rapid progress in the study of scientific subjects
by his steady application.

an association
called, "
He
amateur dramatic performances while young, and started

Jaganmitra Dramatic Company,"
whchis
still
in existence.
He succeeded to the n-sanagement

Till
of the estate in
October 1898.
then he was engaged

'
in scientific pursuits.
Besides maintaining an Astrono-
mical Observatory opened by his father and the Celestial
164
India.
Photograph Observatory started by his mother, he has

expanded very much the scope
Observatory by providing
of
the Meteorological one

is
it viîth all
the latest instrmiients.

is
He
also
opened a magnetical observatory which

three such
of the
grand institutions in India, and
expected to be of immense use to the Government of

India in the forthcoming mk,gnetic survey of this country.
The
portion of the
work connected with
this part of the
Presidency will be conducted personally by Mr. Jugga
Eao Garu.
He
is
has also opened a Seismological Obsera very rare institution in any country for
of earthquakes.
vatory which
measuring the current
He
Botany
has great interest in Horticulture, and has studied

well.
He
has a rare collection of standard works
Very many plants not generally found in on Botany. other famous gardens of India are grown in his horticultural garden.
He
is
member
of
the International
Association of Botanists.
His drawing room

art,
is
an evidence
of his great taste for
and he has beautified it by some original paintings which he collected when he went to Paris.
He went
to
England
in 1900,
privilege of paying his respects
when he had the unique to Her Most Gracious
Majesty, the late Queen Victoria, and to the then Prince

of
Wales,
there,
now King Edward
VII.
When Mr.
Jugga Eao
Vas
Society,
Institute,
he was elected Fellow of the Eoyal Astronomical Eoyal Meteorological Society, Royal Colonial
While in England he visited various Observatories, and studied their working, and also visited the Agricultural Exhibition of York opened by the
and Society
of Arts.
Prince of Wales.
visited the
He
stayed in Paris for a fortnight, and

all its
famous Paris Exhibition, and examined
Sri Eajah A. V. Jugga Rao

t
Bahadur Garu.
.
1G5
the
departments.
He
also
visited
Switzerland,
and
famous towns
In the various places of his visit he gathered excellent specimens of art. He has just
of Italy.
published a very interesting diary of his travels and his opinions on most things which he saw in his tour are
most lucidly given in
it.
I
He
has got a beautiful library of more than 10,000
volumes, treating
on science, English
literature,
and
Indian subjects, among them being
many
rare books out
of print, besides the leading Cyclopaedias of reference.
and other books
In his mansion one can see a magnificent assemblage

of all sorts of furniture, fancy things, trees
and plants,
forming the sublimes t and
at the
same time the most

Nothing can exceed
charming scenery in
all
Vizagapatam.
the diversified and picturesque loveliness of the landscape
which
is
in a conspicuous part of the town.
eminence stands the mansion of grand building and the grounds occupy a large
the enclosure
square.
is
Upon an Mr. Jugga Kao. The

area,
and
surrounded by a wall forming a complete
Standing high above the front storey, one could
look down, with the view of a bird,
upon the
buildings,
grounds and walls of the mansion

distance
the
sea at a short
and the whole

front of the
circumjacent town far and wide.,,

lines of the
The grand
all
mansion and the other
square array of buildings that enclose the court yard ar

of
modern
architecture.
its
The
central
hall
of
the
is
mansion with
lofty
roof sustained by no
pillars
hung with
hall,
suits of
armour.
Passing through the entrance

the middle of the mansion,
we
reach another
hall, in
which contains excellent furniture and rare specimens of all kinds of novelty he was able to collect when he travelled
^
!>$>

166
The Aristoceact of Southern

Suffice
it
India.
in Europe.
to say that
all
the apartments are of

all
the most splendid description, for they are
embellished
with elaborate sculpture
work and the furniture bear

and elegance.
is
scientific evidences of their pristine richness
In the central hall of the mansion there

of Jupiter,
a statue
mounted on
Pillai,
a beautiful silver
dome which
others
was presented to Sriman Srinivasa
Sri Godaj^ J^^gg^ Iâo Garu, by the late
Dayawant Bahadur, and

:
with the following inscription
Presented.
To
GoDAY Venkata Jugga Eao,
Esq.,
On
his departure from
Madras.
By
C. Srinivasa Pillai and others, his native fribnds at
the Presidency,
who
fully appreciating his public spirit
evinced by his exertions for the general welfare of the
Hindu community, thus
express their friendship, esteem
and admiration inspired by his many amiable qaalities and by the successful perseverance with which he has prosecuted the improvement of his mind.
Madras,
Sri
14^7^ Julij, 1838.
Rajah Jugga Eao Bahadur Garu has received a bronze statue of Her late Majesty Queen Victoria from England, and he is going to present it to the town of Vizagapatam. The canopy is in course of construction;
as soon as
it
is
finished,
the statue will be unveiled by

c
H. E. the Governor
of
Madras.
Sri R.AJAH A. V. Jugga
Eao Bahadur Garu.

own
l67
He
has constructed a hospital at his
cost in a
conspicuous part of the town.

help to those
stone posts
This has been of great
who require medical aid. He has erected in many places to enable the heavily laden
labourer to rest his burden on for a while.

in Waltair
rest
house
owes
its
existence to him.
His friends have received every proof of his natural goodness of heart as well as of his candor and prudence.
He
and
is
very affable, courteous, and kind to everybody
in almost all the circles of
Vizagapatam he
respect.
is
spoken
of well
and received with great
'1
SRI RAJAH K.
R. V.
KRISHNA RAO BAHADUR,
B. A.,
ZEMINDAR OF POLAVARAM
(GODAVARI DISTRICT).
Eajah K. E. V. Krishna Kao Bahadur, b. a., Zemindar of Polavaram, who has a bold and enterprising
Sri
spirit,
and the most remarkable
versatility of genius, is
the only graduate of the aristocracy in Northern Circars.
He
has become a very prominent figure in Southern India,
by the initiative he invariably takes in almost all public movements, and has acquired a good reputation for his
untiring energy and unflagging zeal in any matter of
importance that he sets his heart upon.
The family from which
Sri
Eajah
Krishna Eao
Bahadur has sprung is of great antiquity, wealth, and influence. One of the members of the famjj.y, Mr. Venkata Eazu Garu, held the important and respectable
post of
Sheristadar in the Krishna and the Godavari
Districts.
He had
four sons, viz.,
Venkatarayaningar,
Eamanna
Garu, Pedda
Subbarayaningar, and
Chinna
Subbarayaningar.
brothers lived
The family being undivided, all the The father, Mr. Vankata Eazu together.
Krishna District,
Garu, out of the money he had laid by, bought a small

estate
in
the
and
his
eldest
son,
Venkatarayaningar, a
man
of
much
influence and tact,
acquired large estates, and in course of time his fame for

charity,
large heartedness,
and generous instincts was

head
spread far and wide.

intervals
He
constructed choultries at stated

his
from
and
it
Eajahmundry,
quarters,
to
Benares
would appear that he twice distributed
Sri
Rajah K. K. V. Krishna Kao Bahadur. B. A.
kuiiikotc Kstate pieSs, Haiubluii
Sri Kajah K. K. V. Krishna

I
Kao Bahadur Garu.
169
his weight in gold to poor
Brahmins and other poverty;
stricken people of the District

left
and in times
of
famine he
the tax uncollected.
After Mr. Venkatarayaningar,

estate.
his
widow began
to
manage the
As
it
was a
large
one, and as she
had no experience, she
lost
every thing.
A cousin
Jagannadha Kao, owned the present Polavaram estat(?, Taduvoy and Jangareddy Gudiem, and Ganapavaram estates, and also the present
of Venkatarayaningar,
Gutata
These estates were not then so flourishing as they are now, and hence they did not pay the proestate.
prietors well.
The Gutata
estate passed to the
hands of
the Shroff
of
Mr. Venkatarayananingar,
dependant
of the family.
partition
who was a took place, when
Jagannadah Kao, retained
to himself the present Pola-
varam estate and gave away Jangareddy Gudiem and Taduva estates to Pedda Subbarayaningar, and the Ganapavaram estate to Ramanna Garu. The estates of the latter two were partly sold, and partly lost to Government. Jagannadha Kao had a son, named Kamachandra Venkata
Krishna Rao, who had a son, named Venkata Jagannadha
Kao, and also a daughter.
Venkata Jagannadha Kao died

behind him
Garu, and gave her the
at the comparatively early age of 25, leaving
young widow,
sister's
Kamayamma
option of adopting a son of her
own
choice.
She adopted
grandfather
pi;ivilege 5f
her
son Mr. Krishna Rao, the subject of our memoir j

gi'eat
Mr. Pedda Nagaraja Kao Garu was the

of
Mr. Krishna Kao, and enjoyed the honor and
being the leader of the -Bar in the Provincial Court at
Masulipatam.
He was known
He
and
is
to be of very high legal
attainments, a great .Sanskritist, and a renowned poet in

Sanskrit and Telugu.
the author of Sakuntalaseveral commentaries
22
praniam
in
Telugu,
of
on
Sanskrit books.
170
The
AEisTociiACY of Southeen India.

Garu, the adoptive mother of Krishna
Kamayamma
Eao, was universally known for her virtue and charity. Her charity was not of the old and orthodox style, but
quite in
keeping with modern
requirements, for
she
educated a number of men, most of

graduates holding decent posts.
whom
are
now
AVhat she gave away was
such as to extend
District.
its
usefulness to every portion of the
Choultries and various other useful institutions
established
by her
are
the living
monuments
of
her
philanthropy and noble-mindedness.
Mr. Krishna Eao was born on the 11th November While a 1871, at Polavaram, in the Godavari District.
boy
of five years,
sister,
he was
as
we have
said,
adopted by his
received the
mother's
Kamayamma
Garu.
He
rudimentary portion of his

Sanskrit at home.
that the estate
education in
Telugu
and
The Government of Madras found was very efficiently managed by Kama-
yamma
Garu, but the only thing that called for their remark was that the minor Zemindar was not properly educated. As she was very fond of her son it was with a
pang that she sent him to Eajahmundry in 1884 Soon after he joined a pubhc school there, tion.
gence shone forth with so
a great reputation
for educa-
his intelli-
much
lastre
that he gained
among
the boys and teachers.
With
surprising rapidity he passed the Matriculation

tion in ]887.
Examina-
He had
the capacity and inclination to

in his
learn everything that
came
way, nor was there any

;
branch
knowledge that he despised yet he was most In process of inclined to mathematics and literat.ure. time when he began the study of literature and history with greater application he was looked upon as a coming
of
man
in the literary field.
He
joined the F. A. class of the
Sei Rajah K. E. V. Krishna Rao
Bahadur Garu.
171
Rajahmundrj^ College in 1888.

his adoptive
In August of that year
mother
died,
the remaining portion of
which disturbed his studies for the year. Notwithstanding the
many impediments
that stood in his
way he
joined the
College the following year to resume his course of study.
The adoption was just then threatened by an upstart, named Venkata Razu, who had nothing to do with the
family.
Unfortunately
Mr.
Krishna Rao's study was

attend
to
again disturbed, and
he could not
suit.
college
this
as
he had to contend in the
Owing
cause
and owing
also
to his protracted illness, he could not

till
continue his studies

5'ear
1891, towards the end of which

of
the suit
was disposed
favorably to him.
He
to
was then
in a settled mind,
collegiate course.
and was in a condition
resume his
with him
College,
With
mind
resolved to
take the degree at any cost
fortunately nothing interfered
he joined the F. A. class of the Madras Christian so
and passed the F. A. Examination in 1893. The year following he joined the B. A. class, and passed both the Language branches in 1896. About September of that
was The despaired of which continued the whole of 1897. following year he spent in recruiting his health, and in 1900 he appeared for the History branch, and came out
year he was suddenly taken
ill ill
that his life
successfully.
After taking the degree he took charge
of.
the estate, and
made Cocanada
his head-quarters.
Being actuated with a

travelled
all
historical
interest he lately
over India.
With
the Science College in

This, he
is
Poona he has been

opinion,
is
greatly impressed.
of
*
and practical institution. Of the Ferguson College his impression is no less enthusiastic. Sarvajanic Sabha, he says, is a very well attended and
a very useful
172
The
Aristocra.cy of Southern India.
patriotic institution unlike the so called institutions in
Southern India that come to the notice of the people

periodically,
utility.
and seldom do any work to promote public
He
is
an advocate of
social reform,
and as such has no
objection to foreign traveL
He
;
once arranged to go to
England
for
higher education
he purchased passage,
outfit, &c.,
but was advised by doctors not to venture on a
sea voyage as he
was
just
then in poor health.
As
regards the National Congress Mr. Krishna Eaois of opinion

that there
tional
should be a political agitation

basis.
on
constitu-
and moderate
He He
admits that some of the
members go out
soul with the
of the
way, but he sympathises heart and

has the highest respect for
movement.
Mr. A. 0. Hume, whose whole-hearted devotion to the He political salvation of India, he greatly admires.
has an equal sympathy with the aims of the social conference but he is afraid that it has not been a success
;
as
most
of the resolutions
passed
are not
carried
out
practically.
He
has a very great admiration for Veerasa-
lingam Puntulu Garu, Rai Bahadur, as the only

has the courage of his convictions.
man who
In 1895 he started
bhashojjeevani
literature) of
a society called
for
the Andhra-
(society
the resuscitation of Telugu

for about
which he was the Vice-President
two
years,
while the Hon. Mr. Anandacharlu was the
President.
There had been a Telugu journal published in Eajahmundry by Mr. N. Subba Rao, some years ago and when
was removed to Madras to be edited by Eai Bahadur Veerasalingam Puntulu Garu, Mr. Krishna Kao started a
that
magazine known as the Saraswati in 1898.
He
has, been
>
Sri Eajah K. K. V. Krishna
Kao Bahadur Garu. 173
conducting the journal very ably by publishing ancient

literature that
had not been printed and
also
by supplying
various kinds of useful information.
He
"
paid a donation of Kupees 1,000, last year, to the

started
Widows' Home"
at
by Kai Bahadur Veerasahngam

K<e has established a hospital
Puntulu Garu,
at
Madras.
is
Polavaram, and this
very useful to
a
all
the neighbour-
ing villages.
There
is
choultry at Kottapalli,
near
Cocanada, established by his mother, which he maintains.
Every educational movement

a patron.
It
in the District finds in
him
was
at his
instance
last
that
a grand
industrial
first of its
exhibition
was held
year at Cocanada, the
kind in the annals of the District.
He
helped a great
deal towards the success of the District Conference
and
the Provincial Conference.
Hj
is
always busy with his books and journals, and
day to pass without adding something or other to his store of knowledge. He is very well infoi-ftied on
suffers not a
almost
his
all
the topics of the day.

all
Affable and courtly in
manners he has
the accomplishments of a perfect
gentleman.
He
is
one of the best products of half a
century of Western education, and the most sanguine

expectations of his preceptors have been amply realised.
His
life
has thus far
justified the
high promise of hiS
early youth.
SRI RAJAH VATSAVAYA
VENKATA SIMHADRI JAGAPATHI
RAZU BAHADUR GARU, ZEMINDAR OF KOTHAM

(GODAVARI DISTRICT).
The surviving representative of the Peddapur Samasthanam which was once in its glory, and which is
Eajah Vatsavaya Venkata Simhadri Jagapathi liazu Bahadur Garu, who is much loved by his ryots for his generosity and kindness towards them.
extinct,
is
now
Sri
From
the vernacular records that are forthcoming,
we understand that the ancestors of the family of the Zemindar of Kotham originally came from Northern India and settled down in Godavari, Nellore, Kristna and
Vizagapatam
sections
Districts.
They were
divided
;
into
two
known
as
at
Mandapathi and Vatsavayi

Ongole in the Nellore
in the Godavari District.
the former
were prominent
latter at
District,'
and the
Peddapuram
These two
a period of
families acquired extensive lands not
by any treacherous
it
means but by adventure and

chivalry,
warfare, as
was
when
heroism, bravery and valour were
much
respected and honored.
The founder of the Peddapur ,razu Bahadur Garu, who went

neighbduring
built a fort at
estate
was
Sri
Timmaof
against
some
the
Mahomedan
Peddapur.
rulers,
conquered them and
He
drove away some of the
Kshatryas from the village of Tirupathi as they were

causing a good deal of annoyance to the surrounding
Zemindars.
This act
won
the esteem and admiration of
the well-known Kings of Anga, Vanga, Kalinga and Chola.
He dug
a big tank at
Peddapuram which
is
known
as
S.
K. V. V.
:
S.
Jagapathi Kazu Bahadur Garu. 175
" Tirupathi
Eaz Cheruvu."
Sher
Muhammad, one
of the
Mahammadan rulers, in recognition of the heroic Timma Eazu Bahadur Garu presented him with
which he received holding the handle up.
vogue was that the receiver
of
spirit of
a sword
in
The custom
any
;
gilt
should receive the
thing in a suppliant posture
but the
Timma Eazu Bahadur

was
in
received the gift
which showed that he

in
way
no way
inferior to
Sher
Muhammad
in point of
valour.
Sri Eaja* in
Jagapathi Eazu Bahadur Garu, the next

erected
to
succession,
some temples
Vishnu,
at also
Kattamuru,
built
and dedicated them
and
mantapams and towers. He defeated a medan chief, Mahomed Beg, in battle, and took
sion of such insignia, as
cllianka,
some powerful Mahoposses-
nagar and nowbath.

of
By sheer dint
Bickavol,
of valour,
he took possession
Kummurn,
and
ruled
Tuni,
Molleru,
and
Pittapur,
them,
of
ile
advanced towards several turbulent gangs

in
people
the
agency
tracts,
brought
them
to
subjection
and made them his feudatories. He was succeeded by his son Timma Jagapathi Eazu Bahadur
Garu who defeated Narahari Deo in battle and captured his fort at Parlakimedi. This was done at the special request of the Maharajah of Vizianagram, Poosapathi Sitharam Eazu Bahadur Garu. Timma Jagapathi Razu Bahadm- Garu was very charitable, and the moniiments
of his
some other useful institutions. He died childless, and therefore his nephew Eaya Jagapathi Eazu Bahadur succeeded him. Nothing is known of him more than the fact of his having been
charities are
tanks, wells, and
very charitable to the poor.
His son
linguist,
Timma
for
Jagapathi
EazuBahadur Garu was
he was well
176
The Akistoceacy of Southern
India.
versed in a
number of languages, and was also a poet. Eaya Jagapathi Eazu Bahadur Garu, who succeeded him,
conquered
ruler
all
his
enemies,
a,nd
killed a
named
Jaffer Ali near the
Vindia
Muhammedan mountains. He
of the
composed some verses
in
Telugu in honor
God,
Eamaswami
Trench.
Bhadrachalam, and gave away Yanam, which was a sub-division 'of the Peddapur estate, to the
at
His
son
Timma
Jagapathi
Eazu Bahadur
maintained a large army consisting of cavalry and infantry. He died in 1797. It was his son Eaya Jagapathi Eazu
Bahadur Garu that obtained a permanent, sunnud for enjoyment of lands und _ him from the British Government in 1802, He died in 1805 leaving behind him three v/idows of whom th' senior, Eani Lakshmi Narasayya
:
,
Garu succeeded him.
Soon
after
this, disputes
arose
as
regards the succession between the Eani and Jagannadha
Jagapathi Eazu Bahadur Garu, the cousin of the former

Eajah.
The matter was
referred to
Government
they
upheld the claims of the
latter,
and accordingly
fiistalled
him
as such.
After the death of the youngest Eani in
1837, '^Suryanaraya
Jagapathi
Eazu Bahadur,
son
of
Jagannadha Jagapathi Eazu Bahadur, succeeded to the He was in charge of the same only for five years, estate. during which period, owing to unforeseen difficulties such
.
as cyclones
and famine, the arrears
of tax could not be
paid to Government.
Further the estate was encumbered
'with dpbt owing to mismanagement during the time of

the Eani referred to above.
For
sale
scarcely
had three years elapsed from the date
of
his succession,
when
the Collector brought the estate for
on account
of arrears.
His proceedings were, however,
set aside
by the
local
Government, and they passed an
S.
R. V. V. S. Jagapathi
Razu Bahadur Garu. 177
order dated 4th January 1842, declining to confirm the sale on the ground that "there were strong objections to
the transfer of landed property from a family

possessed
it
who had
and remarking that "as the Collector admitted that the season had been adverse, and as it appeared from the petition of the proprietor (the
for centuries,"
father of the present petitioner) that he
entering into an adjustment of

in Council
was desirous of the arrears. His Lordship
would prefer some arrangement being made with the view of preserving the estate to the family." Then he thought that by proposing to Government to
take the estate under their

effectually
own management, he might

short collections of the
his
inability,
b^
show them that the

were not
caused
Zemindari
accordingly
to
and he
made the
on
proposal by a petition addressed the

condition that
it
Government restored to him
should be
after the
discharge of the arrears.
In
the meantime the Collector and the Board of Revenue

had, in pursuance of the order of Government, dated 4th
January 1842, recommended that as the sale of Veeravaram having been regularly completed, could not be legally set
aside, the petitioner should be " allowed to retain posses-
sion of the remaining portion of the estate, consisting of

six
Muttas paying an annual Peishcush

for the
of Rs. 1,69,434-8-0,
on the condition that the balance

giving credit
of arrears which, after of
purchase-money
Veeravaram,'
to be
amounted
to
Rupees 2,55,997-10-3 should be liquidated

of Rs. 12,799-14-1,
by twenty annual instalments

paid of course in
Beriz."
addition to
the current permanent
Thereupon
the
local
Government passed an
order, dated 11th April 1842, directing that the property
should be
managed by the
Collector on his account in
accordance with his proposal.
The
Collector
managed
it

178

management
did not
India.
better
for 5i years, but his

results,
show any
and the arrears were considerably augmented. At the end of that period the Collector again recom-
mended the
in auction
sale of the estate,
and ultimately
of
and bought in on account
was Government.
it
sold
Sri
Kajah Vatsavaya .Venkata Simhadri Jagapathi

in
Kazu Bahadur Garu was born

learnt Sanskrit
185H
at
Tuni.
He
and Telugu
at
home under
At
able pundits,
and can talk Hindustani

early age he evinced
fluently.
a comparatively
much
interest in
hunting and riding,
and in course
of time
he became an expert in both.
He
did not spend his time in frivolous pursuits but in careful
study of vedic lore

of
and books treating on the ethical code
Hindus occupied a great portion of his time. He is very active and energetic, and he has developed these qualities to such an extent that he works for hours
unfatigued.
>
The present Zemindar some years ago appealed
to
His Excellency the Governor in Council to restore the estate owned by his ancestors.
His prayers were

1st.
That the Government would be pleased

restore his Zemindari to
profits, after
to
its
him with
all
deducting the annual Peishcush

of
c.
and the charge

collections of the
to 1862.
management from
the
twenty years from 1842
2ncl.
That,
if
the
Government
did not consider that
he was
entitled to a remission of the
whole
balance due by his father, they would be
S.
E. V. V.
S.
Jagapathi Razu Bahadur Garu. 179

all
pleased to restore the estate to him with

surplus funds which might
its
now remain
to
credit,
on condition
of his
paying the
balance
of
it
portion of
Rupees 2,55,997 minus such as they might think proper to

if
remit, or of paying the whole
no remission
was thought prober,

3rd.
or,
That
if
His Excellency considered that the

funds
could
surplus
not
be
paid.
His
Excellency would be pleased to restore his
Zemindari
to him.
The
prayers of the Zemindar did not meet wdth a
favorable response.
As soon
of people,
as the
Eajah Sahib took charge

at Tuni,
of the estate,
he established a choultry
gratis ^very day.
where a
large
number
are fed
irrespective of caste,
colour or creed
for
There are special wards
each caste.
of
There
is
a separate establishment for the
management
the choultry, and those
who go
there are highly satisfied

at the
with the treatment they receive

charge of to^
it.
hands
of those in
The Eajah Sahib
lately
contributed
towards
the
Lady
Fund.
Dufferin Fund, Es. 2,000, Es. 1,000 to the Victoria

to the Seshadri Memorial,
Memorial Fund, and Es. 200
Being a great Sanskritist himself, the Eajah Sahib is an admirer and encourager of Sanskrit study. Till a few
years ago he had in his
Samasthanam
a well-known pundit
Mahamahopadyaya Sriman Paravastu Venkata Eangachari-^r.
180
The Aristoceacy of Southeen

maintains eight
India.
at of
He
quarters of his estate,
Hindu temples and in the month
the
head
Karthika
(December) ceremonies are performed on a grand scale at a cost of a thousand Rupees. On these days hundreds of
poor people are fed.
The Bajah Sahib has

tanks.
tixcavated
many
channels and
When
famine threatened furiously in 1899-1900,

at
he spent Rs. 10,000
the request of
Government on
repairs to tanks and channels.
He
has
much
faith in
Ayurvedic medicines.
is
He
has
studied medicine well and
a great doctor.
He
prepares
excellent drugs, mixtures, &c., and gives

to
all
people.
them away free He has English, Ayurvedic and Unani
medicines with him.
He
maintains an establishment for
preparing and administering them.
He
shot
once went out hunting in one of his
forests,
and
chased two tigers to a distance of 12 miles, and ultimately
them
dead.
He
has killed a number of tigers and
cheetahs.
He would
ride
on horse back wherever possible,
and go walking long distances at a stretch while on hunting excursions. He is undoubtedly a keen sportsman.
He
has trained a number of animals to peform different kinds of feats. Horses of the best mettle, goats and sheep
of excellent breed
he has in his menagerie, and their
performances in the ring are simply wonderful.
Those
animals have been trained under the immediate supervision of the

order.
Rajah Sahib and they are
all
kept in good
He
for the
has a press of his
own with a
large establishment All the
purpose of printing rare medical books.
S.
E. V. V.
S.
Jagapathi Bazu Bahadur Garu. 181

;
proofs pass through his hands

trouble of going through
he does not grudge the
them
carefully.
The Eajah Sahib is extremely kind to his ryots. He advances them money for purposes of cultivation. He makes large remissions during famine times, and
hence they do not emigrate to other places in times of Though he is said to be orthodox his views difficulty.
are very liberal.
He
is
very loyal to the British Govern-
ment, and
District.
is
a friend of every one of the Collectors of the
He is
held in the highest estimation by his ryots,
and
is
very popular with the general public.
SRI RAJAH VENKATA RANGIAH APPA RAO BAHADUR,
ZEMINDAR OP KAPILESWAR MUTTA, NUZVID
{KRISHNA DISTRICT).
The Nuzvid Zemindari family

of the families of
is
perhaps the oldest

District,
Zemindars in the Krishna

of the
and in olden days some
members
distinguished
themselves in battle, attained great successes in the field and thus rose to prominence. The present representative
Venkata Eangiah Appa Eao Bahadur, a member of the Nuzvid family, and the Zemindar of Kapileswar Muttah, has had the benefit of Western education, and having travelled to most of the important places in India, accompanied by his tutors while he was under the management of the Court of Wards some years
Sri
Eajah
ago, has been able to

difficulty.
manage
his estate
without any
is
member of the family of whom anything knowti was Meka Basavanna who hailed from the south,
The
first
and established himself on the left bank of the river Krishna some two hundred years ago. It is said that he built a small fort near Gollapalli, which was then
a debatable land and a battle field for the armies of the Orissa Eajahs, of the King of Vijianagar, and of the Nawab
must have been an insignificant one, or else it would have drawn the attention of those In 1667, Appanna, generally known powerful chiefs.
ot
Golconda.
The
fort
" added as Vijaya or " victorious
estate,
titles
of Golconda the and received from the of Thahavar va zalalat and dastugaha with some
much Nawab
to his ancestral
insignia of royalty.
He was
further given the titleg of
Sri Pvcijah Veiikata Kan,i2:iah A))i)a
Kao
13ahaclur.
Kaiiikoty Kfitatc i'K^s,
Kumbha.
S.
E. V. Eangiah Appa
Kao Bahadur.
183
all
Kajah, Bahadur, and Appa Rao, which have been used by

the succeeding
members
of the family.
The
fort
now
at
Nuzvid owes its existence to Eajah Vijaya Appa Rao Bahadur. There is a legend to the effect that on a certain day as he was going on a hunting excurtion he came to a field of gingelly oil seed, where a goat was
defending itself most furiously iigainst the attacks of a wolf.
This the Rajah considered to be a good omen inasmuch

as a feeble animal successfully resisted a
mighty one, and

is
on the spot he
built his fort
and hence Nuzvid
derived
from Nuvid chetta vidu (the place

Sri
of the oil seed plant).
Rajah Narasimha Appa Rao Bahadur, the next

of the family,
prominent member
Tee7i
received the
title
of
hazar mansuhdar which meant that he held his estates on the feudal tenure of leading three thousand
men
to the standard of his suzerain or lord.
He was
very successful and popular ruler, and
many poems were

of those
composed
times.
in his
honor by the prominent poets
The Kajah
died childless, and hence the estates
passed to a distant relation

death, to
It
was
in
named Appanna, and on his Eamachandra, also called Narasimha Appa Eao. the time of Eamachandra that Asaf Jah, Subadar
to the Elrishna District to bring
it
of the
Dekhan, went
under the central authority. Ramachandra set himself resolutely to the task of defying the authority of the Subadar,
and stood a siege which lasted
for three
months
in
th^^.
Nuzvid
fort,
but
fell
a victim to the sword of
Eustum
;
Ali
Khan, who kept the estates for twelve years but his successors were not able to manage them, and so they arranged to rent them out. Under the influence of two
members
on
tlpte
of
the
Kamadana
family
who were dependants
Eajahs of Nuzvid, one Venkatadri a descendant
184
of the
The Aristocracy
of Southern India.
of his
Nuzvid family, took the eighteen parganas
ancestor for rent.

influence with the
The Kamadana people exerted
their
Nawab
of
Hyderabad and got a permaHowever,
nent sunnud for those parganas in the name of Venkatadri,

but before they returned, Venkatadri had died.
his brother
Jagannadha received the sunnud.
The new
Zemindar
in a short time Earned against his benefactors,
and in the struggle that ensued they made him prisoner.

Before setting him free they wrung out a promise from
him
to give
them the management

;
of the
Nidadavole and
his promise as
Pentapad parganas
but he failed to
fulfil
he tried to expel them from his jurisdiction when he had

regained his liberty.
with the Nizam

a
of
They used their influence again Hyderabad and succeeded in obtaining

of the
sunnud
for the
whole
Nuzvid
estates.
When
this fact reached the ears of
Appa Kao he was in a fix, and scarcely had the Kamadana people arrived from Hyderabad, when he offered them the whole of the Charestate
mahal
on condition that
they got
the runnud
cancelled.
This they did, but he proved false to his promise.

'
By
thir
time the French had established themselves at

influential in the
Masulipatam and were very
Dekhan.
of the
They had
Zemindar.
a fort
at Divi within the jurisdiction
The Kamadana people made known
their
grievances to the French and sought their help.
They
wanted Appa Rao to come to terms, but he would not do JTo; the consequence was that a battle took place, in
which he was made prisoner.
He
died in the prison.

their influence
Thereupon the Kamadana people exerted
with the French, and got one Venkatadri, a lineal descendant of the family, to succeed Appa Kao. Venkatadri
obtained
Amaldari
and
Zemindari
sunnuds
through
of
Hasan
Ali
Khan.
Venkatadri Appa Eao, in token
S.
R. V. Rangiah Appa
Rao Bahadur.
the
185
people,
his gratitude to his benefactors,
Kamadana
Narasimha
gave
away the Charmahal
estate.
Appa
Rao, the next in succession, managed the state badly and the tax due by him to Government fell into an-ears,
and as he
failed to
pay though repeatedly demanded, the
authorities were constrained to send a small
army
to take
possession of
the
estate.
He
borrowed
money from
As he had not
Government
paid the
officials
and met the demand.
money borrowed from them,
they brought their
claims against him.
He
first
appealed to the Governor-
in-Council at Madras, and then to the Court of Directors

in
London.
The
latter
ordered a strict enquiry to be

thus,
made.
small
While matters stood
assumed an attitude
of defiance,
Narasimha Appa Rao, and the result was that a

sent against him.
territory,
army
of the British
was
He
made
his escape to the
Nizam's
and when an
extradition for his arrest
was obtained, he appeared before

if
the Chief in Council and offered to pay his arrears

rebellion
his
was condoned and
his
estates
were restored.
failed
His requests rnet with a favorable response, but he

to pay his arrears, and
Government were
obliged*to
send
a small
army
to take possession of the estate.
In the
in
severe fight that ensued,

disguise,
Narasimha Appa Rao escaped
and his opponents
levelled the ramparts to the
ground.
The Government
issued a proclamation to tho
effect that
they had removed Rajah Narasimha Appa
Rao
from the Zemindari, and that his elder son Rajah, Venkaia Narasimha Appa Rao was recognised Zemindar. The
father
took refuge in the jungles of Bhadrachalam and
caused
much annoyance
villages,
to
the Company's officers by
burning
plundering treasure an& killing

resisted.
and
mutilating any
effected a
The Company's officers compromise with him in 1785 and permitted
who
186
The Aeistocracy
op Southern India.
him
his
to reside with his son at Nuzvid.
The
father and
two wives were instrumental in fomenting these disturbances, and after his death Nuzvid became quieted down.
Ramachandra Appa Eao, one
of the sons of the
former
Zemindar, and also one of his widows
tried to follow in his
wake
took
in annojdng the Compa:ny's officers, and
Government
the
management
of
the estate and granted the
claimants allowances.
In 1880, the authorities restored
the Zemindari by issuing sunnuds to Venkata Narasimha
Rao for the Nidadavole parganas and to Ramachandra Appa Rao for six parganas, and as the youngest brother
of these
arrears
two was yet a minor he received nothing. All due to Government were relinquished, and so they
of the estates
were placed in charge

sheets.
with clear balance
Appa Rao and Venkata Narasimha Appa Rao, the management of the Eajah Sobhaestates came under the Court of Wards. nadri Appa Eao, the son of Ramachandra Appa Eao took
After the death of Ramachandra
.
possession of the estate in 1831.
He
had in
his treasury
fourteen Jakhs of Eupees, the accumulations of his long

minority.
His extravagance dissipated this hoard and in a short time he became burdened with a debt of six lakhs
of Eupees.
Eajah Narayya Appa Eao, the son

of
of
Rajah
Sobhanadri Appa Rao, was a very enlightened Zemindar.
Nuzvid was cleansed, new rqads were made through it, and lamp posts were erected, He died in 1877, leaving three minor all at his cost. sons the eldest of them was recognised Zemindar, and the estates were taken under the management of the
in his time, the town
;
Court of Ward^.
The
late
1868, left
Rajah Sobhanadri Appa Eao, who died in six sons. The fourth son, Rajah Venkata
S.
E. V. Eangiah Appa Eao Bahidub.
187
Narasiinha Appa Rao, presented a petition to Government,

praying that the
petition
Zemindari might be divided, which
was
rejected.
He
left
then commenced a
suit against
his five brothers to recover a share of the estate
and also
case
the personal property
by
oi
his father.
The
was
decided by the District Judge of Krishna, and an appeal was

preferred to the
of the
High Court
Madras against the decision
Lower
Court, and ultimately the Privy Council
decided that the Nuzvid estates became a
new Zemindari
its
not feudal in
therefore
its
tenure or impartible in
nature, and
the
succession to
them must be
regulated
by the ordinary Hindu Law.

In consequence
of the said decision the five surviving
sons of Raja Sobhanadri became entitled to one-sixth of

the estates with arrears of mesne profits, which arrears the minor sons of their eldest brother could not possibly
pay out
of their sixth share.
The
District Judge, in 1880,
issued ^n injunction to the Collector to divide the estate and
the Collector anxious to avert the ruin of the three minors,
endeavoured to persuade the successful

to
litigant ô agree
some compromise.
no argument.
The uncle
of the
minors would
listen to
To arrange
a division
among
claimants of this nature was a troublesome business, 'but
was accomplished by the Collector who effected a compromise under which the minors retained one-sixth of
in 1881
it
the estates and a

of the estates
sum
of
and
of the
money in hand. The remaindc>r money at credit of the minors was
divided
among
the five uncles in accordance with the
decision of the Privy Council.
Sri
Raja
Venkatadri
Apparow
elder
Bahadur
brother
Sri
Garu
Raja
went
to
Hyderabad
with his
Jag!innadha Appa
Row Bahadur
co recover the estate of
188
India.
Joojjooroo which
ment
of
was taken possession of by the GovernHis Highness the Nizam of Hyderabad from the
Kalavakollu family, of which his mother's sister was a
member.
Salar
He
stayed about three years in Hyderabad
with his brother. As His Highness was then a minor, Sir
Jung the Prime Minister was

*"
ruling the country on
behalf of the Nizam.
Unfortunately at the end of three years, Baja Jagan-
nadha Apparow died

his object.
of malarious fever before
he attained
news reached Nuzvid, the eldest of the brothers, Raja Narayya Appa Row went to Hyderabad leaving behind his aggrieved father who was prepared to start. He reached Hyderabad in time and
the sad
When
soothed his other brother.
He paid his respects to

difficult,
Sir Salar
Jung who
told
him
so.
that he had already requested his
brother to return as the settlement was
but that
he had not done

their place.
of dysentery.
Then both
the brothers returned to
year after, Kaja Sobhanadri Appa
Row died
He
gave
Then Kaja Narayya Apparow,

to
the elUest of
the
his
brothers, succeeded
bro\iher
the Zemindari.
Raja Venkatadri Appa

accounts.
Kamatams and Bhutadi
Row He
the charge of
performed his
duty so well that he became very popular and he was

consulted by his brother on important matters.
After
<3ome years differences arose between the brothers.

a suit
Then
with
was preferred by the Zemindar
in conjunction
tWo other brothers. Raja Simhadri Appa Row ana Rajah Several attempts were Venkataramayya Appa Row. made by Government officials and private men to effect a He but the Zemindar was stubborn. compromise,
was not willing even when the brothers requested him to give them all Nunna Parganna or Rs. 1000, allowance per mensem. He agreed to give Rs. 500 each^^per
S.
E. V. Kangiah Appa
J
I
Kao Bahadur.
189
mensem.
and the
Therefore the compromise was not effected,

suit
was continued with rigor chiefly by Raja Venkatadri Appa Kow. He died before the matter was
settled.
Sri
Rajah Venkatadri Appa Rao Bahadur was
first
taught Persian under the supervision of his father.
He
became a great scholar in that language and also in Telugu. He was a poet and his compositions bear
testimony to his ripe scholarship.
He
married the only
daughter of Sri Malrazu Kondala Rao Garu, pensioned
The result of this union is Sri Rajah Venkata Rangiah Appa Rao Bahadlir Garu, who bears the name of this sketch.
Zemindar
of Narasaraopet.
Sii
Rajnh Yeiikafca Rnngiali Appa Eao Bahadur

lie
lost
his father while

of the estate
was three years
old.
The management
Sri
was entrusted
to his
paternal uncle,
Rajah tîmhadri Appa Eao Bahadur. Sri Rani Venkata Rama Lakshmi Kanakamma Rao Bahadar, the widow
of the late
dissatisfied
Raja Venkatadri Appa Rao Bahadui,' being
with the management of Sri Rajah Simhadri Appa Rao Bahadar, took everything into her hands. She went with her son and also with a number of iier
relations to
many
its
places of pilgrimage in India.
She was
sent thJ
to
in charge of the estate only for a year,
when
the Court of
Wards took
minor
management under them, and

first
Zemindar
to
Masulipatam,
latter place,
and then
Madras
for education.
At the
he joined the
Pacheappa's College, and read up to the Matriculation standard, during which period he was under the
guar.lianship of Mr. R. U. Potts.
The Zemindar was taken
on tqur to almost
all
the places of iinportMiice in India and
190
India.
Ceylon, and thus his powers of observation were considerably impi'oved. As a student his conduct was exemplary
bo'ch
towards his tutors aud his classmates.
We
quote here
his views
on travel
"Every man,
in
my
opinion, should, as
travel over
far as his
means and circumstances allow him
the world; for those

fi-og in
who
stick fast to their

its
it
homes are like the
the fable, which dems that
abode
the bottom
it.
of the well
is
the entire world, for
never comes out of
My
dear fellow countrymen, you ought to travel at least in

fortunate enough to be born in this
all
India, for you are
country, which
is
the embodiment of
the characteristic
features of the whole world.
In India you can see the
luxuriant foliage and beautiful animals of the Torrid Zone.
In India you can also see the snows of the Frigid Zone, the picturesque mountain sceneries, the large and grand
river basins, the beautiful waterfalls,
and the best
speci-
mens
of architecture of
iu the world.
You can meet

speaking
with
people
almost
all
the
nations
different
^^
languages."
The Rajah Sahib appreciates highly all the good that the Court of Wards have done him and has specially thanked them for their giving him an opportunity to visit
the various sacred places in India.
t
Rajah Yenkata Rangiah Appa ttao Bahadur attained his majority, he was put in charge of his Estate. As he had received a good education under
as Sri
As soon
Mr.
Potts, he experienced
no
difficulty in following the lines
already chalked out by Government for his guidance.
two sons and four The elder of the former, Sri Rajah Parthasaradhi Appa Rao Bahadur has been adopted by his paternal uncle, the Zemindar of the Vuyyur Estate.
is
He
a father of six children,
daughters.
S.
K. V. Rangiah Appa
i_
Eao Bahadur.
191
He
more
has nob interfered with the charitable institutions
maintained and established by his father, but has made them

T>ermanenfc
and
useful.
He
is
very religious, but not
narrow-minded.
He
has been managing the estate very

officials.
carefully with the assistance of a suitable staS of
He
does not love show, but
is
very simple,
courteous and
polite.
He
is
very kind to his ryots, and the public of the

of his
Krishna District speak very highly
noble behaviour
and gentlemanly
qualities.
SRI RAJAH MRITUNJAYA NISHANKA
BAHADUR GARU,
ZEMINDAR OF SANGAM VALASA (VIZAGAPATAM DISTRICT.)
One
of the oldest of the living representatives of the
aristocracy of
Southern ^pdia bearing a good name for

is
sagacity and nobility,
Sri
Rajah Mritunjaya Nishanka
Bahadur Garu, Zemindar of Sangam Valasa. He is a nobleman of varied attainments and great experience, and
though well-stricken in years
is
to-day in the best of health

It
is
and
spirits,
and
still
keeps up his studious habits.
therefore
in this
viîth
pleasure that
we have
assigned a place
book to his biography.

is
The family from which the Eaja Sahib has sprung,

a very
ancient one,
of the
the progenitor of which was one
Damodar
of
lunar race,
who
lived in the
vicinity
Nandapur, having arrived there from Northern India. By sheer dint of energy and valour he wks able
himself king of
his enemies,
to obtain possession of lands near

constitlited
Nandapur and ultimately that place. Whenever he

at a place called
went against
he stopped
Sangrama
Valasa.
Veerathi
;
(ISangrama, meaning battle,

this in
and
Veerathi, residence)
.
Telugu
is
known
as
Sangam
In his
line of descent there
was born a king

thereby improved
valour
as to
named
tjown
his
Prataparudra,
who won
acted
various territories putting
tlê
kings of those places, and

estate.
who
own
He
with
such
deserve the
name
member
of
The next prominent the family was Eamachandra, who was

of Prataparudra.
a friend of the king of Nandapur, which was not far away from his place. At that time the king of Nandapur
owing
to
disturbances caused to
him by
his enemies
yri
Kajiih Mntuiijaya
Nibhauka Bahadur.
kiiiiikote fcstate Press,
Kalbhu;
S. R.
M. NiSHANKA Bahaduu Garu.
193
implored the aid of liamachaudar, who, in coiuphance
with the request, defeated his enemies.

valour, the king of
For
this act of
Nandapur conferred on Ramachandar, the title of Nishanka (fearless), which has become hereditary. The latter had a son named, Nandanna Nishanka, who was an ornament to the family as he was well-known The ag/aharams, tanks, wells, &c., for his generosity. He had two sons, established by him yet bear his name. Jagannadha Nishanka and Karranna Nishanka. The elder
established
public,
many
useful institutions for the use of

to
all.
the
and was extremely kind

of
at the
He had
nine
Bons,
and the eldest
them, Siyyandora Nishanka,
who
was placed
head
of the administration followed the
footsteps of his father,

for his noble
and thus acquired a good reputation
behaviour and honesty of purpose.
He
;
had
the
two
sons, Jiyyondora
Nishanka and Patra Nishanka
former succeeded to the estate.
During the time of Jiyyondora Nishanka, the king

of Vijianagram established his
power over Jeyporo, when
the brother of the king of the latter place with great
anger
left
Jeypore and settled down at Narayan^patuam,
and from that place sought the assistance of Jiyyondora Nishanka, who had made him king of Narayanapatnam. Jiyyondora Nishanka had two sons, the elder Peddanna
Nishanka,
who
succeeded the father, ruled the estate well>
At
this
stage, the
king of Pithamanipur,
fell
whose head
turned on account of his great powers,

Valasa,
upon, Sangaftu
a large
when Peddanna Nishanka
witli
army
went against his enemy, and chased him as far as Belgaum. He had three sous, Thammandora Nishanka, Venkata Nishanka and Veeranna Nishanka. They lost their father when they were all young, and the eldest went
aw3y on pilgrimage hence Venkata Nishanka was

;
placceV
194
The Aristocbacy of Southern
India.
as
on the 7)iusnud by the British Government

helpful to
he was very
*.
them when they established their power over Northern Circars. Venkata Nishanka ruled the estate for He had two sons, Peddanna Nishanka and a long time.
Karranna Nishanka
;
the elder succeeded to the estate.

to family dissenof Bobbili to
His
life
was rendered miserable owing

and to
effect a
sions,
and he therefore applied to the Eajah
interfere in his behalf
compromise.
When
Karranna Nishanka went to Bobbili on this mission, the Eajah of the latter place treated the former with great
condescension, and offered
his son,
Sri
him
a palace to live in.
There,
Eajah Mritinjaya Nishanka Bahadur Garu,
was born
born
in April 1828, a
posthumous
child.
As he was
at Bobbili, the
Eajah
of that place conceived a great
him and treated him as a child of his own. The British Government interfered, and took the management of the estate under them.
liking for
Eajah Nishanka Bahadur Garu, when he was young, was sent to Vizagapatam, under the guardianship* of his
Sri
maternal uncle,
fcsri
Medini Eao Narasimha Eazu Garu.
Efficient' tutors to teach
him
different languages
were apvery
pointed under the orders of Government.
He was
studious and intelligent, and therefore without
karnt many languages.

but
He did not
much effort waste a single moment

and other branches
of
made
the best use of his time in the acquirement of
knowledge.
philosophical
He
learnt the Vedas,
Hinduism under
a great preceptor,
Mahama-
hopadyaya Srimafch Paravasthu Venkata Eangachariar. In 1847, Sri Eajah Nishanka Bahadur Garu was installed on
the guddi of his ancestors,
all
when
there
was much
rejoicing
over the estate. His maternal uncle built a neat town,
near
>
Sangam Valasa, on account

and called
it
of the salubriousness of its

sijice
climate,
Mritunjayanagar, which has

S. R.
M.NisHANKA Bahadur Garu.
195
become the
is
seat of the Zemindari,

all
where a nice palace
built
It
with
is
the modern appliances.

to
is
creditable
Sri
Rajah Mritinjaya Nishanka
Bahadur Garn that he

Circars,
the only
Zemindar
in
Northern
and
sci-
who
possesses a knowled^fe of
many
arts
ences.
He has
cases
studied medicine well, and has cured

administerirfg the
many
hard
by
medicines
prepared
by him. His knowledge of astronomy is of a hij^h order, and he is an expert in examining diamonds. It is an acknowledged fact that he is a great architect, and a renowned artist. His musical talent is admired by all. That he is a highly accomplished Telugu scholar has been proved beyond doubt by his well-known commentaries on the following three of the works of Kalidasa Abhignyana Sakunthala, Vikramorvasiya and Malavikagni Mitra. His book of morals, known as Nithi Sastra Sangra:
ham, has become a popular one, and

the educated classes.
originAl
is
highly spoken of by
the following
He has also published

:
works
in
Telugu
Sri Sambha Sathakam, Gowree
Vivaham, Eaja Sekhara Vilasam, Sri Suryanarayana Charitham, Dasavathara Natakam and ParijatliiR)!. He is also the author of a book which contains a Code of Laws
as a help to Zemindars.
In 1877, the Eajah Sahib convened a large meeting and addressed those present on the proclamation of the
Queen Victoria as the Empress of India. He composed some verses in praise of Her Majesty, and pAsented them to her. On the occasion of the Diamond
late
Jubilee of
Her Majesty
the late
Empress
of India,
he was
the recipient of a certificate of honour as a recognition of his ripe scholarship, and of the able management of his
estate.
Last year, on the occasion of the Coronation
of
His
Majesty King Edward YII, the Eajah Sahib got up a largo
196

at
India.
meeting
Sangam
Valasa, and
made
King
His
a grand speech
expatiating on the benefits derived trom British rale in

general,
and on the virtues
of the
in particular.
;
To
four of
the Rajah Sahib were born seven sons
the last
son,
Sri
them
died
while young.
eldest
Rajah Chandrasekhara Nishanka Bahadur, who was an

educated
Sri
prince,
died
Eajah
Viswesa
some years ago leaving a son, Nishanka Bahadur. The Bajahof the
tSahib's
second son has also sons and grandsons.
His Majesty King Edward VII, while President
Eoyal Asiatic Society, expressed himself highly pleased

with the commentaries of the Rajah Sahib on the works
of Kalidasa
and apt)ointed him a member
of that body.
The Rajah Sahib has been
in charge of the estate for
the last 56 years, and his rule,
we
think has been the
longest amongst the Zemindars of Northern Circars.
At
the end of his 50th year's rule,

at
a jubilee
was celebrated
occasion
Sangam
Valasa.
On
that most auspicious
his subjects prayed for his long life his brother

lations.
and prosperity, * while
Zemindars and friends
offered their congratu-
He has saved from ruin

vara,
the temple dedicated to Viswes-
Sangam Valasa. He has presented He is very pious, and Valuable jewels to many temples. therefore generally spends his time in the company of
Swami
in
Pundits.
He
is
very charitable to the poor, and

district.
is full
is
greatly
popular throughout the
The Rajah Sahib

his counsel
on matters
of
honours and years, and importance is highly valued

of
by the educated public of ihe Vizagapatam District. His versatile genius, his noble behaviour, his vast and varied experiences and many other virtues that he possesses entitle him to the iirst place amongst the Zemindars of
'the District.
SRI RAJAH RAO
RAMAYAMMA RAO BAHADUR GARU,
ZEMINDARNI OF THE GOLLAPROLU MUTTAH
{GODAVAIU DISTRICT).
In the Madras Presidency there are some rich landed estates managed most carefully by Zemindarnis, free from
all
encumbrances.
This in
itself
is
sufficient to
prove
that Southern India, more especially the Madras Presidencj',

is
not devoid of
to
women
^^ho can
manage
large
estates,
and
show
to the
outside
world that their
intelligence
to those of
and statesmanlike
qualities are not inferior
darni of
The Zeminthe Gollaprolu Muttah has been managing the
women
in other parts of India.
estate since the demise of her
husband with much benefit
to the
muttah and
Eajah Rao
credit to herself.
Sri
Eamayamma Eao Bahadur Garu
is
the
widow* of the
late Sri
Rajah Venkata Rao Bahadur Garu,
the third brother of the late Rajah of Pitt^pur, Sri Rajah
Venkata Mahipathi Gangadhara Kama Bao Bahadur Garu, and the daughter of Sri Venkayya Garu of the well-
known Chelikani family. She married Kao Bahadur Garu in 1865.
Sri
Rajah Venkata
Since the establishment of the Pittapur estate,
it
has
Ijy
been a custom
to
make the
senior
member
its
ruler.
virtue of this custom, the then senior
membor,
Sri Rajah
Venkata
Mahipathi
Gangadhar
Rama
Rao Bahadur
to give
^
assumed charge
of the estate,
and was pleased
away the Gollaprolu muttah to his brother, Sri Rajah Venkata Rao Bahadur Garu, instead of the usual allowance. As the latter had no issues hy his wife, he marrit'd^
198
India.
of the
another,
Venkayyamma Garu, the daughter
Zemin-
dar of Thangalamudi.
of
in
The Rajah was cutoif in the prime life after a brief illness. The estate was then registered the names of both the widows, the income being
divided between them.
Venkayyamma Garu died
in 1889.
In 1886, Ramayamma Garu adopted her sister's son, which adoption the llajah .of Pittapur objected to and
brought a suit to cancel.
favor of the
plaintiff.
The
case
was disposed
of in
This over, the
Rajah brought
another suit for the share of the deceased
Venkayyamma
Garu
whole
in the estate.
of the estate
The suit was dismissed, and the was registered in the name of Rama-
yamma
cost of
Garu.
to the village of Gollaprolu at a
its
The water supply

She has
built a choultry
Rupees 4500 owes
existence to her generosity.

is
which
valued at Rupees 2000.

of
She contributes Rs. 500 annually towards the expenses

the festival of Sitharamaswami.
birth
She
is
is
a Vaishnavite by
and
b)^
profession,
but she
not a conservative in
of the
religion.
'
She .admits the tenets and principles
various branches of
they, one
Hinduism
as she
is
of opinion that
and all, tend towards the same goal Mukthi (freedom from bondage). In proof of this she has built a temple for the use of the Sîvites at a cost of Rupees 2000, Some years with an endowment of lands for its upkeep.
ago she gave away large pieces of land to the poor people
as sites ô build houses on.
Four hundred households
are
indebted to her for this piece of charity.
There
is
a village called by her
name near
sheds,
Gollaprolu.
She has established
two water
one near
the
Railway station, and the other
in the
town
of Gollaprolu.
She
lately
purchased lands and presented them to some
Sri Bajah Rao

of her
lor
Ramayamma Rao Bahadur Garu.
199
most
faithful servants.
Two
receive
students preparing
University examinations
monthly stipends
the
from her.
Many
other students also receive help from
her occasionally.
She subscribes
liberally to
Veda
Pata Sala
at Cocanada.
On
the
Vijaya
Dasami day
her cost
she feeds a large number of people, and gives presents to

all
her servants.
She has celebrated
at
many
marriages of poor people.

servants
The
children of her deceased
who
are incapable of maintaining themselves are
protected by this benevolent lady.
Many of her
relations
who
them
are poor are liberally helped by her, and

live
some
of
with her.
She manages her estate in a most business-like manner. She is helped by a Dewan and a good staff of
officials.
She hears the grievances of her ryots through her Dewan and affords them speedy redress. She is very
affable,
courteous anfl kind to every body.
SRI
MAWYAM MAHA LAKSHMAMMA GARU, ZEMINDARNI

OF THE GUTALAH MUTTAH
{GODAVARI DISTRICT).
The only prominent family

amongst the landed aristocracy
of the
Vaisya community
is
the
is
the present representative thereof
Manyam family, and Sri Manyam Maha-
Lakshmamma
who
Garu, Zemindarni of the Gutalah Muttah,
bears a good name, and an exemplary character.
The
first
member
the
of
the
to at
family
to
which
the
Zemindarni
negotiation
has
honor
belong
was Manyam
in 1790 as a
Kanakayya who
business and
flourished
Cocanada
to
merchant.
He went
well.'
Yanam,
had
five
started
sons,
succeeded very
He
Venkata
Karasayya,
Sathialingam," Reddiah,
Venkata
Rathnam and Prakasa Eayadu. Of these, Sathialingam who rose to prominence bought the Gutalah estate, which
was originall,v in the possession of Mangapathi Deo, Maharajah of Polavaram. In 1812 the whole of the
Polavaram estate was put to public auction, when Rajah Apâ Rao of Nuzvid purchased it. In 1827 Sathialingam
bought the
"^^
same from Rajah Appa Rao

his brother,
for 230,000 Rupees.
Till
1850 the former managed the estate, but after his death,
his son,
Kanakayya, and
Venkatarathnam took
Venkatarathnam had
the
management
into their hands.
four sons, Kanakayya, Venkatasubba
Row, Seethia and

;
Rajah Jee.
In 1860 Venkatarathnam died

joint
then the
first
two became
one after
As another, Kanakayya was

Zemindars.
all
the brothers died
in sole charge of the
estate for about ten years.
He
had a son, Chinniv Kanaand Sanskrit.

-
kayya,
who knew
English, French
He
S.
M. Maha Lakshmamma Garu.

mansion
at
201
built the present
Yanam.
He
purchased from
the French extensive lands of the value of a lakh of Rupees.
He was
his
highly respected by the French Government for

liberality,
scholarship,
and
noble
behaviour.
at
He
established
and maintained a choultry

'
Yanam and
another at Gutalah to feed people gratis irrespective of

caste, colour, or creed.
Sri
Maha Lakshmamma Garu

who
died
is
the daughter of
Seetharala Sathialingam Garu,

of
was
eight
in
merchant
ago.
Vizagapatam,
and
for
who
his
years
He was
known
charities
Sri
the
Godavari
and Vizagapatam
Districts.
Manyam Maha Laksh-
Garu was born in 1856, and was married to Chinna Kanakayya Garu in I860. The happiness of their
married
life
mamma
continued for eight years, after which period,

Since
estate.
away Kanakayya. then Maha Lakshmamma has been managing the

She lâs acquired a
lately
gi'eat
the cruel hand of death snatched
reputation for her liberality.
She
inam lands to some poor people. Some years ago when famine raged furicusly she made a remission of more than 10,000 Eupees in the tax due from her ryots She has built two temples, and has restored three ruined ones. Some years ago she* went on a pilgrimage to Jagannath, where she gave away large sums of money to the poor. She feeds many people 3
gave away
gratis
every
day
in
her
choultry
all
at
Yanam.
She
contributes very liberally towards
movemenifs started
by the French Government.
When
the estate was purchased
by Sathialingam
*
Garu from Eajah Appa Rao

which
were
subsequently
of Nuzvid, the latter sent

stifcks,
the insignia such as danka, nagar and chopdar

recognised
by
the
British/
202

The French Government
of
India.
in recognition
Government.
of
the
nobility
SathiaHngam
Garu,
granted
him \
permission for the beating of nagar in his mansion as a
mark
of respect.
sets out
The present Zemindarni

she finds
it
on tour whenever
convenient to do
of
so,
and grievances
her ryots.
and hears the complaints During the time of her

been
former manager, owing to mismanagement, the estate
was encumbered with
debt,
but everything has
manager joined the staff of the Zemindarni' s establishment. He has been a manager for the last fifteen years, during which period he has shown a
set right after the present
large saving,
and
ruin.
and has thus saved the estate from decay He is spoken of very highly by the French
Governor, and also by the Judge of Yanam.
The Zemindarni
classes,
is
very kind to the poor of
all
and many people depend on her bounty. Her charities are all of the advanced type and she is adipired for her virtues,, both as a woman and a Zemindarni,
(J
e
I
ERRATA.
Page.
5
1
Para.
Line.
,,
4
if*
add
re.:\(\
/^S(7t/
before
/J//.
...
sfcoHfi {qv JiipI.

Jiibi/ec
44
67
...
ndd
before maikiL
...
iijserc
hyphoii tor
coma between
and iccowe
for
Imeii/y
and
one.
79A
14
...
read
title for titles
became.
79^
i
2
>>
13
omit accordivgly.
read
i6
7 7
Rao
for
Rad.
after son. after
85
97
insert a
insert
a
coma
coma
young and
re.id
a before
/ofl^v.
25
add schools aher yofir.

read 1877 for 1876.
,
142
4
n
f 1
4
9
169
&
II
read GuUila for Gutat.T.
169
I
14
2
omit coma
after
/?^<?.
96
insert a cowij after think
c.
202

The French Government
India.
in recognitionj
Government.
..
^ > 5^.^5!>:^'4:.>t.,~.iii_^'C^c->si*^:Kit.f^ w
v^\
PLEASE
DO NOT REMOVE
FROM
THIS POCKET
CARDS OR
SLIPS
UNIVERCITY OF
TORONTO
LIBRARY
CS
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ill

Late Sub'Editor, "Evening Mtfil,"

Tutor of Oriental Languages to Civil and Military Officers,

" Two Worthies of Southern

PRINTED BY VEST AND

[All Rights Reserved.l

A LOYAL WELCOME GIFT

THE DUKE OF CONNAUGHT

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS' VISIT

afthe Madi-as Christian College, for the valuable help

have experienced considerable

languages and from

ble vernacular manuscripts,

fully trust that this

serve the public will meet with an encouraging reception.

H. H. THE Nawab OF Banganapalli, C.S.I. H. H. THE Maharajah of Bobbili

H. H. the Maharajah of Jeypore

H. H. the Rajah of Kallikote and

to 104 to 120 to 128

Kapilesvvar Muttah... 182

Banganapalli, one of the Native States under the

eminence are founded not upon any

daring adventure or extraordinary learning, hit upon the

Crown, his increasing benificence to his

subjects and his enlightened co-operation in

are just, his views are

incapable of sentiments derogatory to the character

and upright men.

are just those

intelligent admiration of the people.

the fact that the State of Banganapdli has a very bright

with great pleasure that

place in this series to a biography of His

the present ruler of Banganapalli.

about 275 square miles,

and the population according

There are 13 Sub-Jaghirs in the State, and the

The Aeistoceacy of Southern

and then seeking the help

for serving the

with demand notices.

nor criminal powers.

arising within their

jaghirs are exclusively triable

by the Nawab's Courts,

the maintenance of which the Jaghirdars contribute.

In order to trace the history, from

His Highness the

more than three

centuries, to the year 1051 (Hijri) or about 1633 A. D.,

when Sha Abbas

II sat on the throne of Persia, assisted

Government by Saiyid Mahomed Khan Buzvi,

who had two

Saiyid Hussain Ali Khan,,

and Saiyid Thaher Ali Khan.