Asexual Methods of Growing Plants

1. Natural Vegetative Reproduction is any form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant
grows and develops naturally without human action. It occurs when an axillary bud grows into a lateral shoot and
develops its own roots. New plants may sprout from the stems, roots, or leaves of a parent plant. Modified stems
are most often the source of vegetative plant propagation. Vegetative plant structures that arise from plant stems
include rhizomes, runners, bulbs, tubers, and corms. Tubers can also stretch from roots. Plantlets emerge from plant
leaves.

a. Runners
Some plants like strawberries and ferns have stems that grow along the ground from the parent plant. These stems
are called runners. It can be cut and the new plant can be transferred to another place for it to continue growing.
b. Bulbs
It is a large rounded bud with a small basal stem at the lower end. It has fleshy, scale-like overlapping leaves like
onions. Its function is to store food and propagate it. Simply taking a bulb to form the parent plant and transferring it
to a new location will enable you to grow new plants.
c. Tubers
A tuber is a thick and enlarged portion of a stem that grows underground. It bears small scale-like leaves and tiny
buds called eyes. When the “eyes” are separated from the parent plant, they may sprout new shoots and form new
leaves and roots. An example of this is a sweet potato (camote).
d. Rhizome
A rhizome or rootstock is a plant stem found either at the soil surface or underground. It contains enlarged portions
called nodes from which roots and shoots originate. When separated, each piece of a rhizome is capable of
producing a new plant as it grows up out of the ground. Examples of rhizomes are ginger and
crabgrass.
e. Suckers
An upright shoot that grows from buds found at the base of the stems of present plants. Banana, bamboo,
pineapple, and bird of paradise are some examples of plants that reproduce suckers.
f. Plantlets
Leaves of some plants will grow into new plants if they are detached from the parent plant. It grows a small plant on
the edge of its leaves. Some examples are Katakataka and begonia.
2. Artificial Vegetative Reproduction is also called cloning. This type of vegetative reproduction produces the next
generation that is generally identical to the parent. The various way of artificial reproduction are cuttings, grafting,
marcotting, layering, and budding.
a. Cuttings
This is taken from any part of a plant, such as a stem, leaf, or root which has been removed from a plant in order to
induce the growth of roots to produce new plants. There are three kinds of cutting namely: leaf-cutting, stem-
cutting, and root-cutting. It is the most commonly used method in producing new plants. Examples of these plants
are sugar cane, cassava, santan, gumamela, bougainvilla, roses, and sampaguita.
b. Grafting
It is the most widely used artificial method of reproducing new plants. Santol, mango, lanzones, and calamansi are
propagated through this method. It is done by cutting a stem from one plant and attaching it
to the stump of another plant. The portion of the stem cut from a tree has many buds or known as the scion. The
stump to which the scion is inserted is called the stock.
c. Marcotting
This method can be used to propagate any species of woody plants. This method can also be used to make new
plants just in case the plant is already old. A classic example of this is citrus.
d. Layering
It is a method of propagation that encourages new roots to form on branches that are still attached to the parent
plant. The stem is covered with soil until it grows roots. When the plant is established, it is cut from the parent plant
and planted in a new location.
e. Budding
This method is done by making a T-shaped cut as an opening in the stem of the parent plant. Then a scion, which is
normally the mature bud cut from another plant, is inserted underneath the bark of the parent plant which serves as
the stock. The scion must be bound securely to the stock. When the bud grows, it is cut from the mother plant and
planted in a new location. Mango and santol can be propagated through this method.
Ayon sa World Health Organization (WHO), taon-taon nasa 21 milyong batang babae na nasa edad 15 hanggang 19
gulang ang nabubuntis at 12 milyon sa kanila ang nakakapanganak bawat taon. Mga 95% ng mga kapanganakang ito
ay nangyayari sa mga bansang may mababang o katamtamang kita. Ang nakababahalang pagtaas ng bilang ng
maagang pagbubuntis sa Pilipinas ay naguugat sa kasalukuyang estado ng ating ekonomiya at edukasyon. Sa datos
ng POPCOM, lumalabas na nadagdagan ng 63 porsiyento ang bilang ng mga nabubuntis mula edad 10 hanggang 14
anyos mula taong 2010 hanggang
2018. Ang problema, ayon sa POPCOM, hindi nakararating ang family planning service sa maraming Pilipino, lalo na
sa mga menor de edad.

Mga Negatibong Epekto ng Pangkalusugan ng Maaga at Di-planadong

Pagbubuntis

1. Maraming suliranin dulot ng maagang pagbubuntis sa magulang, pamilya at sa mga bata. Dahil sa hindi handang
katawan at kakulangan sa kaalaman ng kabataang ina ay malaki ang magiging posibilidad na magkakaroon ng
premature birth o maagang panganganak ng wala sa wastong bilang ng buwan ang sanggol.
2. Maari ring makakuha ng mga sakit sa maagang pagbubuntis katulad ng ( chronic respiratory diseases at body
impairments). Higit lalo ang STD o sexually transmitted disease na nakukuha sa pakikipagtalik ayon kay Dr. Bles
Salvador.
3. Ang maagang pagbubuntis ay maaring magdudulot ng pagtigil ng kabataan sa pag-aaral.
4. May ilang pagkakataon na dahil sa hindi sinasadyang at di-planadong pagbubuntis ay nangyayari ang aborsiyon o
pagpalaglag ng sanggol. Ito ay bawal at tinuturing na krimen sa ating batas. Ito rin ay mapanganib sa kalusugan.
5. May mga batang ina na nagpapakamatay dahil sa depresyon at hindi pagtanggap ng kanilang mga magulang.
6. Kadalasan sa mga sanggol ng mga batang ina ay ipinapanganak na kulang sa timbang o sakitin.
7. Ang batang ina ay kadalasang nagkakaroon ng postpartum hemorrhage o malubhang pagdurugo pagkapanganak.

Kung Tayo ay Nasa Tamang Edad, Narito ang mga Pamamaraan upang Maiwasan ang Di-planadong Pagbubuntis
Kung ikaw ay nasa tamang edad na, mainam na malaman mo kung paano makakaiwas sa maagang pagbubuntis.
Habang maaga, maging alerto na sa mga posibilidad na mangyari ito.

➢ Sapat na kaalaman tungkol sa family planning at contraceptives – kabilang dito ang paggamit ng birth control pills
o condom, at iba pang pangkontra sa pagbubuntis.
➢ Pagtibayin at siguraduhing buo ang relasyon ng kabataan sa kanilang pamilya. Kabilang na dito pagtutok sa
kaniyang pag-aaral.
➢ Paigtingin ang kaalaman sa sexuality education at kung gaano kahalaga ito bilang indibidwal. Ito rin ay
makakatulong upang makaiwas na masuong sa pre-marital sex.
➢ Ang patnubay at gabay ng iyong magulang sa iyong araw-araw na gawain ay napakahalaga.
➢ Ituon ang lakas at oras sa pag-aaral at pagtupad sa mga pangarap o pakikilahok sa mga gawaing mapanlikha at
produktibo sa loob ng ekwelahan o komunidad. Mas makabubuting iwasan din ang maagang
pakikipagrelasyon.
➢ Iwasan ang panonood sa internet/social media na maituturing na pornographic materials at mga may temang sex.
➢ Pag-usapan ang mga pangarap sa buhay upang matuon ang pansin sa pagkamit nito.
➢ Kung kinakailangan, makipag-usap o humingi ng payo sa mga propesyonal o pinagkakatiwalaang taong may alam
sa usaping sekswalidad at kalusugan.
Invasion game - uri ng mga laro na ang layunin ay ‘lusubin’ o pasukin ng kalaban ang iyong teirtoryo.
Larong Lawin at Sisiw- ay isang uri ng invasion game na tumutulong sa pagpapaunlad ng kasanayan
sa pagiging mabilis at maliksi. Nagagamit din dito ang lakas at tatag ng
kalamnan.
Ang pangunahing kagamitan sa larong ito ay ang panyo. Tinatawag din ang
larong ito na “Touch the Dragon’s Tail”,’ Hablutin mo ang Buntot Ko’ at iba pa.
Sa paglalaro nito, kailangang maging listo at maliksi upang maagaw ang
panyo.
Mga Alituntunin sa Paglaro ng Lawin at Sisiw
❖ Bumuo ng dalawang pangkat na may sampung miyembro o higit pa. Dapat pantay ang bilang ng manlalaro sa mga
pangkat.
❖ Ikabit ang dalawang kamay sa baywang ng kasunod na manlalaro at kailangan higpitan ang pagkakahawak nito.
❖ Lagyan ng panyo sa likod malapit sa baywang ang huling manlalaro ng bawat pangkat.
❖ Kailangan nakahanay nang maayos ang bawat pangkat bago umpisahan ang paglalaro.
❖ Sa paghudyat ng guro, magsimulang iikot ang bawat pangkat at sikaping maagaw ng lider ang panyo na nasa likod
ng huling manlalaro sa pangkat ng kalaban. Kapag naagaw ng kalaban ang panyo, bigyan sila ng puntos.
❖ Ang makakuha ng mataas na puntos ay siyang panalo.

Speed o bilis - ang kakayahang mabilis na paggalaw ng katawan o ilang bahagi ng katawan.
Agility o liksi - naman ay isang kasanayan na nagpapakita ng maliksing kakayahan na magpapalit-palit o mag-iiba-iba
ng direksiyon.

Ang paglalaro rin ng Lawin at Sisiw ay nagpapaunlad ng sumusunod na katangian:

• Pagiging isports
• Sariling disiplina
• Pagiging patas

Gawaing pangkaligtasan sa paglalaro ng lawin at sisiw

1. Gumamit ng tamang kasuotan sa paglalaro.
2. Mag (warm-up) at pampalamig (cooling down) bago at pagkatapos ng laro.
3. Sundin ang mga patakaran o regulasyon ng laro.
4. Pumili ng ligtas na lugar kung saan kayo maglalaro.
5. Iwasang maglaro kung may sakit o karamdaman.
6. Maging isports sa paglalaro upang maiwasan ang pag-aaway away.
KOPYAHIN / IGUHIT SA MUSIC (MAPEH) NOTEBOOK PAGKATAPOS AY SAGUTAN
(MIYERKULES) KOPYAHIN SA SCIENCE NOTEBOOK AT SAGUTAN.

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct word or words that will correctly complete each sentence.
1. The essential reproductive parts of a flower are the (a) _______________, and (b) ________________ .
2. The (a)____________ is the female reproductive part of a flower which has three parts, the (b) ______________ ,
(c) _____________ and (d) ____________ .
3. The (a) ________________ is the male reproductive part of the flower which consists of (b) ___________ and
(c)_____________ specific parts.
4. The part of the plant that grows through their stems are (a) _______________ , (b)___________ , (c) __________,
(d) _______________ .
5. New plants will grow out of swollen, modified roots called (a) ______________and other
plants grow small plants called (b) _______________on the edge of their leaves.

(HUWEBES) KOPYAHIN SA SCIENCE NOTEBOOK AT SAGUTAN.

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement tells correct information and FALSE if not.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. The stigma is the structure that receives the pollen grains, stimulates the pollen grain to germinate and reach the
ovary.
2. The ovary enlarges and thickens its walls to become a flower.
3. The stigma, style, and ovary are the female parts of the flower.
4. Stamen is the male part of the flower.
5. The tube releases the sperm cells into the ovule to fertilize the egg cell.