Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF AGUSAN DEL SUR

Learners Activity
Sheets
Mathematics 8
Quarter 4 – Week 3
Proving Inequalities in a Triangle
 D.O Plaza Government Center, Patin-ay Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur
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ii
Mathematics – Grade 8
Learner Activity Sheets
Quarter 4 – Week 3: Proving Inequalities in a Triangle

First Edition, 2021

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Development Team of the Learners Activity Sheets

Writer/s: Lea S. Borres
Reviewers/Editors: Jessie J. Ecat, Hermando D. Lozano
Validator/s: Lorna G. Camiguing
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Lorna S. Gritare
Arnel B. Cruz
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Lay-out Reviewers: Hermando D. Lozano, Ivy Rose M. Alabado, Arnel B. Cruz

Management Team: Minerva T. Albis
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Lelani R. Abutay
Nilo B. Montaño
Gina C. Malupa
Leonilo S. Otaza
 Learners Activity
Sheets
Mathematics 8
Quarter 4 – Week 3

Proving Inequalities in a Triangle

Lea S. Borres
Sta. Irene National High School
Deped Division of Agusan del Sur
[email protected]
Lea S. Borres
Sta. Irene National High School
Deped Division of Agusan del Sur
[email protected]
 MATHEMATICS 8
QUARTER 4, WEEK 3

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 3

PROVING INEQUALITIES IN A TRIANGLE

Name of the Learner: ___________________________________ Section: ______________

School: _________________________________________________ Date: _________________

I. Learning Competency: The learner shows proofs of inequalities in a

triangle (M8GE-IVc-1)

II. Instructions: This activity worksheet focuses on proving inequalities in

a triangle.

III. Activities

Introduction
Writing proofs is an important skill that you will learn in geometry. It
will develop your observation skills, deductive thinking, logical reasoning,
and mathematical communication.
Day 1

Activity 1. PROVING TRIANGLE INEQUALITY THEOREM

Triangle Inequality Theorem 1(Ss→Aa)

If one side of a triangle is longer than s second side, then the angle
opposite the first side is larger than the angle opposite the second side.

Given: ∆ LMN ; ln > LM L

L
Prove: m∠ LMN >m∠ LNM
2 P
1 3
M N
M N

Proof: There is a need to make additional constructions to prove that

∠LMN > ∠LNM. With compass point on L and with radius LM, mark a
point P on LN and connect M and P with a segment to form
triangle.

Page |1
Lea S. Borres
Sta. Irene National High School
Deped Division of Agusan del Sur
[email protected]
 Statements Reasons

1. How do you describe the

relationship between LM and LP? By construction

LM ≅ LP
2. Based on statement 1, what kind of
a triangle is ∆LMP?
Definition of Isosceles Triangle
∆LMP is isosceles
3. Based on statement 1, how do you
describe ∠1 and ∠2? Base angles of isosceles triangles are
congruent.
∠1≅∠2
4. Study the illustration and write a
statement about ∠LMN if the reason
is the one given. Angle Addition Postulate

∠LMN ≅ ∠1+∠3
5. Basing on statement 4, write an
inequality statement focusing on ∠1.
Property of Inequality
∠LMN ¿ ∠ 1
6. Using statement 3 in statement 5:
∠LMN > ∠2
Substitution Property
∠LMN ¿ ∠ 2
7. Study the illustration and write an
operation statement involving ∠MPN,
∠N, and ∠3 Linear Pair Postulate

∠2+∠ MPN=180
8. Study the illustration and write an
operation statement involving ∠2 and
Sum of the interior angles of a triangle
∠MPN
is 180⁰.
∠ MPN +∠ N +∠3=180
9. ∠2 + ∠MPN ≅ ∠MPN + ∠N + ∠3 What property supports the step
wherein we replace the right side of
statement 8 with its equivalent in
statement 7?

Substitution/ Transitive Property

10. What will be the result if ∠MPN is
deducted away from both sides of
statement 9?
Subtraction Property
∠ 2=∠ N +∠ 3
11. Basing on statement 10, write an
inequality statement focusing on ∠N.
Property of Inequality
∠ 2>∠ N
Page |2
Lea S. Borres
Sta. Irene National High School
Deped Division of Agusan del Sur
[email protected]
 12. Based on statement 6 and 11: If
∠LMN > ∠2 and ∠2 > ∠N, then
Transitive Property

∠ LMN >∠ N

Congratulations! You have contributed much in proving

Triangle Inequality Theorem 1. In the next activity, you will see that
Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 is used in proving Triangle Inequality
Theorem 2.

Day 2

Activity 2. INDIRECT PROOF OF TRIANGLE INEQUALITY THEOREM

2

Triangle Inequality Theorem 2 (Aa→Ss)

If one angle of a triangle is larger than the second angle, then the side
opposite the first angle is longer than the side opposite the second angle.

L
Given: ∆ LMN ; m ∠ L> m∠ N

Prove: MN > LM
M N

Indirect Proof:

Assume: MN ¿ LM

Statements Reasons

1.MN = LM or MN < LM
Assumption that MN ≯ LM

2. Considering MN ≅ LM : If MN ≅ LM ,
then
is an isosceles triangle. Definition of isosceles triangles.

Consequently, what can you say about

∠L and ∠N?
Base angles of isosceles triangles are
congruent
∠ L=∠ N

Page |3
Lea S. Borres
Sta. Irene National High School
Deped Division of Agusan del Sur
[email protected]
 The Assumption that MN ≅ LM is
The conclusion that ∠L ≅ ∠N
True False contradicts
the given that m∠L > m∠N.

3.Considering MN < LM: If MN < LM, If one side of a triangle is longer than s
then second side, then the angle opposite
the first side is larger than the angle
opposite the second side (Triangle
m∠ L< m∠ N . Inequality Theorem 1)

The Assumption that MN < LM is

True False The conclusion that m∠L < m∠N
contradicts the given that m∠ L> m∠ N
.

4. Therefore, MN > LM must be

True False
The assumption that MN ≯ LM
contradicts the known fact that m∠L >
m∠N.

Amazing! You have helped in proving Triangle Inequality

Theorem 2. Let us proceed to prove Triangle Inequality Theorem 3
using a combination of paragraph and two-column forms. You will
notice that Triangle Inequality Theorem 2 is used as reason in proving
the next theorem.

Day 3
Activity 3. PROVING TRIANGLE INEQUALITY THEOREM 3

Triangle Inequality Theorem 3 (S1 + S2 > S3)

The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater than
the length of the third side.

Given: ∆ LMN where LM <ln< M

Prove: MN + LN > LM
MN + LM > LN
LM + LN > MN

Page |4
Lea S. Borres
Sta. Irene National High School
Deped Division of Agusan del Sur
[email protected]
 1. Write a statement to describe LP and
LN By construction.
LP= LN

2. Describe ∆LNP.
∆LNP is an isosceles triangle. Definition of Isosceles Triangle.

3. Describe ∠LNP and ∠LPN

Base angles of isosceles triangles are
congruent.
∠ LNP ≅∠ LPN
4. The illustration shows that ∠LPN ≅
Reflexive Property of Equality
∠MPN
5. If ∠LNP ≅ ∠LPN (statement 3) and
∠ LPN ≅ ∠MPN (statement 4), then ∠LNP Transitive Property of Equality
≅ ∠MPN.
6.From the illustration,
∠MNP ≅ m∠LNM + m∠LNP Angle Addition Postulate

7. Using statement 5 in statement 6,

∠MNP ≅ ∠LNM + ∠MPN Substitution Property

8. From statement 7, m∠MNP > m∠MPN

Property of Inequality
9. Using statement 8 and the
illustration, write a statement with the
reason given. Triangle Inequality Theorem 2
MP> MN

10. From the illustration, what operation

involving LM and LP can you write?
Segment Addition Postulate
LM+ LP= MP

11. Write a statement using statement

10 in statement 9 Substitution Property of Inequality
LM+ LP > MN
12.Write a statement using statement 1 Substitution Property of Equality
in statement 11.
LM+ LN> MN
Page |5
Lea S. Borres
Sta. Irene National High School
Deped Division of Agusan del Sur
[email protected]
 Hurray! Triangle Inequality Theorem 3 is already proven. Let
us proceed to writing proof of Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem.

Day 4

Activity 4. PROVING THE EXTERIOR ANGLE INEQUALITY THEOREM

Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than
the measure of either remote interior angle.

Given: ∆LMN with exterior angle ∠LNPL

Prove: m∠LNP > m∠MLN

M P
N

3 4
1
2

Statements Reasons

1.LQ ≅ NQ; MQ ≅ QR By construction.

2.What relationship exists between

∠ 3∧∠4 ?
Vertical angles are congruent.
∠ 3 ≅ ∠4

3.Basing on statements 1 and 2, relate What triangle congruence postulate

two triangles from the illustration: supports statement 3?

∆ LQM ≅ ∆ NQR SAS Triangle Congruence Postulate

4.Basing on statement 3, ∠MLN ≅ ∠1 Corresponding parts of congruent

triangles are congruent.

Page |6
Lea S. Borres
Sta. Irene National High School
Deped Division of Agusan del Sur
[email protected]
 5. Basing on the illustration,
∠LNP ≅ ∠ 1+∠2. Angle Addition Postulate

6. Basing on statement 5, m∠LNP >

Property of inequality.
m∠1

7. Using statement 4 and statement 6,

Substitution Property of Equality
∠ LNP> ∠ MLN

Indeed, the measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is

greater than the measure of either remote interior angle.

Activity 5. PROVING THE HINGE THEOREM

Hinge Theorem or SAS Triangle Inequality Theorem

If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another
triangle, but the included angle of the first triangle is greater than the included
angle of the second, then the third side of the first triangle is longer than the
third side of the second.

Page |7
Lea S. Borres
Sta. Irene National High School
Deped Division of Agusan del Sur
[email protected]
 Statements Reasons
1.From the illustration:
CN = CH+ HN Segment Addition Postulate
2. CN= CH+ WH Substitution Property of Equality
3.In ⊿ CHW ,CH +WH >CW Triangle Inequality Theorem 3:The sum
of any two sides of a triangle is greater
than the third side.
4.Using statement 2 and 3: Substitution Property of Equality (Using
CN> CW statement 2 in 3)
5. Using statement in construction Substitution Property of Equality (Using
1 and statement 4: CN> LT statement in construction1 in
statement 4)

Bravo! The Hinge Theorem is already proven. Notice that the

use of paragraph form in the first part of the proof of the Hinge
Theorem shortens the proof process.

Day 5

Page |8
Lea S. Borres
Sta. Irene National High School
Deped Division of Agusan del Sur
[email protected]
 Activity 6. INDIRECT PROOF OF THE CONVERSE OF HINGE THEOREM

Converse of Hinge Theorem or SSS Triangle Inequality Theorem

If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of
another triangle, but the third side of the first triangle is longer than
the third side of the second, then the included angle of the first triangle
is larger than the included angle of the second.

Statements Reasons

1. ∠D ≅ ∠U and ∠D < ∠U 1. Assumption that ∠ D ≯ ∠U .

2. Considering ∠D ≅ ∠U: It’s given that

OD ≅ LU, DG ≅ UV. If ∠D ≅ ∠U, then SAS Triangle Congruence Postulate
∆ODG ≅ ∆LUV.
Corresponding parts of congruent
From the congruence, OG ≅ LV triangles are congruent.

The Assumption that ∠D ≅ ∠U is false.

OG ≅ LV contradicts the given that OG
¿ LV
3.Considering ∠D < ∠U: If ∠D < ∠U,
then
Hinge Theorem
OG < LV .

OG < LV contradicts the given that

The assumption that ∠D < ∠U is
OG > LV
false.

4. Therefore, ∠D > ∠U must be true. Assumption that ∠D ≯ ∠U is proven

to be false.

Page |9
Lea S. Borres
Sta. Irene National High School
Deped Division of Agusan del Sur
[email protected]
 Try These!!!

P a g e | 10
Lea S. Borres
Sta. Irene National High School
Deped Division of Agusan del Sur
[email protected]
 3.

IV. Reflection

Can you solve these problems without accurate illustrations and markings
on the triangles?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Can you solve these problems without prior knowledge related to triangles
and writing proofs?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Has your knowledge of algebra helped you in solving problems?
________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Have the theorems on triangle inequalities helped you in writing proofs of
theorems?

ANSWER KEY (Answers to Try These!!!)

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Lea S. Borres
Sta. Irene National High School
Deped Division of Agusan del Sur
[email protected]
 I. References:
P a g e | 12
Lea S. Borres
Sta. Irene National High School
Deped Division of Agusan del Sur
[email protected]
 Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module

Mathematics 8 Teacher’s Guide (https://teachershq.com/grade-eight-

tg/)

P a g e | 13
Lea S. Borres
Sta. Irene National High School
Deped Division of Agusan del Sur
[email protected]