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Competency – Based Learning Materials
Sector: Human Health and Healthcare Sector
Qualification: Caregiving NC II
Unit of Competency: Wash and iron clothes, linen and fabric
Module Title: Washing and Ironing clothes, linen and fabric
Date Developed: Document No.
CBLM on February 2013

Washing and
Ironing clothes, Developed by: Page 1 of
linen and fabric Issued by:
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How to use this CBLM
Welcome to the Module “Washing and ironing clothes, linen and fabric”. This
module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “Wash and iron clothes, linen and fabric”
contains the knowledge, skills and attitudes required for Caregiving course
required to obtain the National Certificate (NC) level II. This module covers the
knowledge, skills and attitudes required to perform home management by
providing clean, safe environment.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to
compete each of the learning outcomes of the module. In each learning outcome
there are information sheets and activity sheets. Do this
activity on your own and answer the Self Check at the end of each learning
activity.
If you have questions, do not hesitate to ask your teacher for assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
You have already some basic knowledge and skills covered in this
module. If you can demonstrate competence to you teacher in a particular skill,
talk to him/her so you did not have to undergo the same training again. If you
have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous trainings show it
to him/her. If the skills you required are consistent with and relevant to this
module, they become part of the evidence. You can present these RPL. If you
are not sure about your competence skills, discuss this with your teacher.
After completing this module, ask your teacher to assess your
competence. Result of your assessment will be recorded in your competency
profile. All the learning activities are designed for you to complete at your own
pace.
In this module, you will find the activities for you to accomplish and
relevant information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may
have more than one learning activity.
This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency in
receiving and relaying information. This will be the source of information that will
enable you to acquire the knowledge and skills in Caregiving
NC II independently at your own pace with minimum supervision from your
trainer

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Program / Course: Caregiving NC II
Unit of Competency: Wash and iron clothes, linen and fabric
Module Title: Washing and ironing clothes, linen and fabric
INTRODUCTION:
This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to perform
home management by providing clean, safe environment.
This module consists of three (6) learning outcomes. Each learning outcome
contains learning activities supported by instruction sheets. Before you
perform the instruction, read the information sheets and answer the self-check
and activities provided to ascertain to yourself and your teacher that you have
acquired the knowledge necessary to perform the skill portion of the particular
learning outcome.
Upon completing this module, report to your teacher for assessment to

check your achievement of knowledge and skills requirements of this module. If you
pass the assessment, you will be given a certificate of completion.

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MODULE CONTENT
Unit of Competency: WASH AND IRON CLOTHES, LINEN AN DFABRIC
Module Title: WASHING AND IRONING CLOTHES, LINEN AND FABRIC
Module Descriptor: This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required
to perform home management by providing clean, safe environment.
Nominal Duration: 30 hours
Certificate Level: NC II
Pre-requisite: none
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon completion of this module, the trainee/student must be able to:
LO1. Check and sort clothes, linens and fabrics
LO2. Remove stains
LO3. Prepare washing equipment and supplies
LO4. Perform laundry
LO5. Dry clothes, linen and fabric
LO6. Iron clothes, linens and fabrics

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ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
 Soiled clothes, linen and fabrics are sorted according to texture, color, size and
defects.
 Sorted items are prioritized according to the cleaning process required ad the
urgency of the item.
 Defective clothing, linen and fabric are sewn/darned using appropriate threads and
stitches.
 Personal protective paraphernalia are worn in accordance with standard
operating procedures (SOPs).
 Stain removing agents and chemicals are used in accordance with
manufacturer’s instruction.
 Stains are treated and removed using correct chemicals or agents.
 All stain removing agents and chemicals are stored following safety procedures.
 Laundry area is cleaned and made ready at all times.
 Laundry supplies and materials are prepared and made available at all times.
 Washing machine is checked and prepared for operation per manual procedures.
 Correct laundry method is selected as per SOPs.
 Clothes, linen and fabric are washed according to the labeling codes and washing
instructions.
 Laundry equipment is used in accordance with manufacturer’s instruction.
 Clothing, linen and fabric are freed from stain, dirt and unpleasant odor after
washing based on procedures.
 Washed clothes, linen and fabric are sun-dried/machine dried as per instructions.
 Dried clothes, linen and fabric are freed from unpleasant odor and static cling.

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 Washing area is cleaned in accordance with safety and health procedures.
 Equipment is cleaned after use in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
 All cleaning materials and equipment are stored following safety procedures.
 Routine maintenance is carried out or arranged as per standard operating
procedures.
 Washed clothes, linen and fabric are dried according to procedures.
 Drying machine is prepared according to procedure.
 Dried clothes, linen and fabric are removed when dryer bell rings or stops to
prevent wrinkles and to minimize need for ironing.
 Clothes, linen and fabric are dried without wrinkles according to procedures.
 Ironing is done in accordance to the standard procedures
 Ironed clothes, linens and fabrics are folded, placed in a hanger and stored in
designated cabinets as per instructions.
 Ironing equipment and materials are stored in the appropriate area following
safety procedures.

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Learning Outcome Remove stains
No. 2
Assessment Criteria:
1. Personal protective paraphernalia are worn in accordance with standard

operating procedures (SOPs).
2. Stain removing agents and chemicals are used in accordance with
manufacturer’s instruction.
3. Stains are treated and removed using correct chemicals or agents.
4. All stain removing agents and chemicals are stored following safety
procedures.
Contents:
 Types/Uses and handling of laundry chemicals
 Principles and procedures in removing stains
 Types/Uses of stain removing agents
Conditions:
You must be provided with the following:
1. Workplace location
2. Tools and equipment
 Personal protective paraphernalia, gloves and apron
 Acid Cleaners
 Alkali Cleaners
 Chlorine Bleach
 All-Purpose Detergent
 Stained clothes

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Training materials:
Learning packages
Bond papers
Ball pen and markers
Manuals/handouts
References
Assessment Methods:
Direct observation
Practical Demonstration
Oral and written exam

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Definition of terms
Laundry
Is the washing of clothing and linens.
Sorting
Any process of arranging items in sequence or in sets.
Stain
Is a discoloration that can be clearly distinguished from the surface, material,

or medium it is found upon.
Personal protective paraphernalia
Any equipment, apparatus, or
furnishing used in or necessary for a particular activity.
Acid cleaners
An aqueous cleaner that has a pH significantly below 7, contain acids and

often other cleaning ingredients, such as surfactants.
Alkali cleaners
Washing agents contain strong bases like sodium hydroxide and/or potassium

hydroxide. The alkali dissolves grease, oils, fats, and protein-based deposits.
Chlorine bleach
Refers to a number of chemicals which remove color and whiten or disinfect,

often via oxidation. Bleach is the most commonly use as basis.
All-purpose detergent
Refers to mixtures of chemical compounds including alkylbenzenesulfonates,

which are similar to soap but are less affected by hard water.

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Learning Experiences / Activities
Learning Outcome 2. Wash and iron clothes, linen and fabric
Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. Read Information Sheet

10.2-1 on types/uses of
Laundry Chemicals
2. Answer Self-check 10.2-1 Compare your answer to the
answer key
10.2-2 on principles and
procedures in Removing
Stains
answer key
5. Perform Activity sheet Evaluate your own work using the
10.2-2 on Removing red performance criteria
wine stain Keep a copy of your work for the
next activities
10.2-3 on Stain Removing
Agent
answer key

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INFORMATION SHEET 10.2-1
Laundry chemicals
Learning Objectives:
After reading this Information Sheet, you must be able to:
1. Identify the different laundry chemicals in washing and ironing

clothes, linen and fabric.
2. Identify the different uses of laundry chemicals.
Common laundry chemicals include bleach, sodium salt, surfactants,

and enzymes. These chemicals work together to remove stains from clothing
and prevent them from redepositing on those fabrics while they are still
undergoing the wash cycles.
Bleach is a basic ingredient in laundry chemicals used to

remove stains. The two types of bleach that may be included in detergent are
chlorine bleach and oxygen activated bleach. Chlorine bleach tends to be
harsh on fabrics and stains, and will remove color from anything it comes in
contact with. This type of bleach is often added to laundry loads of white only
clothing separately from the detergent to boost its stain removal capabilities.
Detergents also contain water neutralizers, such as sodium salt. Sodium salt,
when added to laundry chemicals, prevents the soap from solidifying when it
comes in contact with hard water and allows it to remove stains on clothing. It

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also holds the excess dirt in the water so that it does not redeposit on fabric
during the wash cycle.
Surfactants are one of the most important ingredients used in laundry

chemicals that help penetrate and remove stains from fabrics. These chemical
compounds affect the surface tension of a liquid, allowing it to penetrate other
liquids or solids. In detergent, it can act as a wetting agent that lifts foreign
stains out of clothing fibers and suspends it in the surrounding wash water.
Together with the chemical neutralizers, the soils and stains are then drained
out of the washing machine with the used water and do not reappear on any
part of the cleaned clothing.
Laundry chemicals also include a variety of enzymes that break down

proteins so that they may be lifted easily away from the fibers of the clothing.
Protease is one type of enzyme found in many detergents that breaks down
the proteins that comprise organic stains. These often include grass, dirt, and
the soil lines that appear when clothing rubs against skin repeatedly, such as
near the neck and sleeves of shirts.

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Self-check 10.2-1
Name of trainee: _________________ Date:_____________________
Multiple Choice. Choose the word/statement that would best describe the
following statement.
1. One of the most important ingredients used in laundry chemicals that help
penetrate and remove stains from fabrics.
a. Enzymes c. Bleach
b. Sodium salt d. Surfactants
2. Is a basic ingredient in laundry chemicals used to remove stains.

a. Bleach c. Enzymes
b. Surfactants d. Sodium salt
3. One type of enzyme found in many detergents that breaks down the
proteins that comprise organic stains.
a. Detergent c. Sodium salt
b. Enzymes d. Protease
4. When added to laundry chemicals, prevents the soap from solidifying when
it comes in contact with hard water and allows it to remove stains on clothing.
a. Bleach c. Enzymes
b.Sodium salt d. Surfactants
5. Break down proteins so that they may be lifted easily away from the fibers
of the clothing.
a. Protease c. Enzymes
b. Bleach d. Detergent

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Answer Key 10.2-1
Check your answer with the answer key below. If you fail to get it right, go
back to the information sheet and read again.
Multiple Choice
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. C

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Principles and Procedures in removing stains
Learning objective:
1. Discuss the different principles in removing stains.

2. Implement the different procedures in removing stains.
A. Nine main principles of Stain Removal
1. Identify the nature of stain.
2. Stains should be removed immediately.
3. Dilute solution of chemical should be used to avoid damage to the clothes.
4. Unknown stain should first be washed in cold water and then with detergent in
hot water. In case, the stain persists, it should be bleached.
5. Acidic matter should be washed in alkaline medium.
6. During removal of stains, clothes should be moved in circular motion with

hands.
7. Clothes should be washed after using chemicals for the removal of stains so
that they don't damage the fabric.

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8. Before removing the stain from a colored cloth, fastness of its color should be
checked.
9. Inflammable chemicals like petrol, etc. should be used very carefully.
B. PROCEDURES OF REMOVING STAINS
Timing
 Take care of stains as soon as possible. Fresh stains are much easier to
remove than those over 24 hours old.
First things first

 Blot up any excess stain liquid with a clean white cloth or paper towel.
Avoid rubbing the stained area with a linty terry towel or a dark-colored cloth. You
may make matters worse. Remove excess solids by gently scraping with a dull knife
or metal spatula. With some solids, such as mud, removal may be easier after the
stain has dried. Brush off the excess before the garment is submerged for washing.
No soap
 Never rub a fresh stain with bar soap which sets many stains.
Check stain
 Stains slip by us all. But it helps to inspect wet laundry before drying. If a stain
is still evident, do not dryer dry. The heat of the dryer makes the stain more
permanent. Same principle applies to ironing - no heat should be added to stained
areas.
This is only a test

 Before starting on the stain, test the stain removal agents on a seam or
hidden area of the garment to be sure they do not affect the color or finish of the
fabric.

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A gentle touch
 Avoid excessive rubbing unless the fabric is tough and durable. Rubbing can
spread the stain and damage the fabric. However, gentle to vigorous rubbing under
running water helps remove dried food, blood or oil stains from shirts or jean-weight
fabrics made of cotton or cotton blends.
Separate and conquer

 Wash heavily stained items separately. Soil and stains can be deposited on
cleaner clothing during laundering if too little detergent is used, water temperature is
too low, washing time is too long or the wash is overloaded. Never wash family
clothes with pesticide-soiled clothes.
Go for the cold

 Avoid using hot water on stains of unknown origin. Hot water can set protein
stains like milk, egg or blood.
Except sometimes
 Use the water temperature recommended on stain removal products and
detergents. Hot water should be between 120 and 140 degrees F, warm water
between 85 and 105 degrees F and cold water between 65 and 75 degrees F. Water
below 60 degrees is too cold for detergents to be helpful.
Sponging
 When directions call for sponging, place the stain face down on absorbent,
clean, white paper towels or cloth. Apply the stain remover sparingly to the stain with
clean, soft, lint less cloth. This will force the stain out of the fabric into the paper
towels or cloth. Avoid circling and spreading the stain. Use light, brushing strokes,
working from the outside of the stain toward the center. When the stain is removed,
place the sponged area between layers of dry, absorbent towels to speed up the
drying process.
Soaking

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 Makes the removal of many stains easier. It should be done in cool water
unless the stain removal procedure you are following specifies warm or hot water.
Soaking times may vary depending on the type of stain. Avoid soaking colored items
for an excessively long time, however, to prevent damage to the color.
 Precautions must be taken when using hazardous cleaning agents

 Read and observe ALL warnings on the label.
 Work in a well-ventilated area.
 Avoid leaning close to the fabric or container as work is done.
 Use a small amount of the cleaning agent at one time, and keep the bottle
capped.
 Never mix cleaning agents.
Self-check 10.2-2
True or False, write T if the statement is correct and F if the statement is incorrect.
1. Stains can be removed anytime.

2. Colored cloth with stain can be removed immediately even without checking the
fastness of its color.
3. Rubbing can spread the stain and damage the fabric.
4. Clothes should be washed after using chemicals for the removal of stains.
5. Acidic matter should be washed in acidic medium.
6. Test the stain removal agents on a seam or hidden area of the garment to be sure
they do not affect the color or finish of the fabric.
7. During removal of stains, clothes should be moved in circular motion with hands.
8. Makes the removal of many stains easier.
9. Rubbing a fresh stain with bar soap remove many stains easier.
10. Avoid using hot water on stains of unknown origin.

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Answer Key 10.2-2
TRUE OR FALSE
1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. True
7. True
8. True
9. False
10. True

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Activity Sheet No. 10.2-2
Title: Removing red wine stain

Performance Objective: Given the necessary tools and
equipment’s you should be able to remove red wine.
Supplies and materials: Gloves
Apron
Acid cleaners
Alkali cleaners
Chlorine bleach
All-Purpose detergent
Handouts/ manuals
Steps and Procedures:
1. For washable garments
2. Dilute the spot with club soda or cool water

3. Sprinkle heavily with salt
4. Flush with water
5. If the stain is set, apply a paste of borax and water
6. Allow to sit for at least 15 minutes
7. Wash as usual
8. Repeat treatment if necessary before drying.

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Assessment method:
Direct observation
Practical demonstration
Performance Criteria Checklist

Activity sheet 10.2-2
Name of Trainee:_________________________ Score:_________
Criteria Satisfactor Needs more

y practice
1. Trainee gathered
all tools and
materials needed
2. Did the trainee
inspect the garment
if washable?
3. Can he/she
perform the
procedure in
removing red wine

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stain?
4. Are the
procedures perform
properly and
systematically?
5. Trainee perform
after care activities?
Legend: Comments:
Satisfactory ________________
Needs more practice Trainer’s Signature:
Failed ________________
Stain removing agents
Learning objectives:
1. Identify the different stain removing agents and chemicals in washing and
ironing clothes, linen and fabric.
2. Identify the uses of different stain removing agents and chemicals.
Stain Removal
Is the process of removing a mark or spot left by one substance on a specific
surface like a fabric. A solvent or detergent is generally used to conduct stain
removal and many of these are available over the counter.

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Solvents
These are some of the solvents that can be used for stains, with some examples of
the stains that they are capable of removing:
 Oxidizing solvents
Household bleach generally removes a stain's colour, without dissolving the stain
itself.
Hydrogen peroxide is also a bleaching agent that can be used to treat stains.
 Lacquer solvents
 Acetone is good for removing some glues, nail polish, ink stains, rubber
cement, and grease. Nail polish remover may contain acetone, however for
general use it is best to obtain bottled acetone from a hardware store. It can
be diluted with water.
Detergents
 Surfactants (detergents) are molecules that have one polar end and one non-
polar end and can be used for stain removal. They can help to emulsify
compounds that are not usually soluble in water. For example, if you put oil in
water, they tend to stay separated. If you put oil, detergent, and water
together and shake them up, then you get a mixture that can help to remove
stains.
Acids

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 Lemon juice, containing citric acid which is the active bleaching agent, can
effectively remove stains. Its action can be accelerated by exposing the stain
to sunlight, or some other UV source, while soaking.
 Various Acids were used in the past such as Phosphoric acid as used in
Calcium Lime Rust Remover (CLR) and Hydrofluoric acid as used in the
Australian Product made in Queensland called "Rustiban". Both of these
Acids have been removed from sale to the general public due to toxicity
concerns. Both of these Acids were used primarily to remove Rust. Other
Rust removal Acids are oxalic acid. Borax or Boric Acid, Vinegar ( or acetic
acid ) which can also help bring out stains.
Alkalis
 Sodium Hydroxide Is also commonly used in drain cleaners. It allows Grease
and other oils to dissolve into Aqueous solution. i.e. Water.
 Other Alkalis such as Potassium Hydroxide (much stronger than Sodium
Hydroxide ) are also used. Both of these are hazardous chemicals and react
with animal flesh. High enough concentrations, as in industrial cleaners,
and/or significant exposure time without adequate protection of the exposed
area will cause serious chemical burns.
Others
 club soda

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This can be used for pet stains and out of doors.
 glycerine
This can be used to soften "set" stains, especially on wool and non-water-
washable fabrics.
Self-check 10.2-3
Matching Type

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Match column A with column B, letters only
Stain removing agents
1. sodium hydroxide A. Solvents

2. acetone B. Acids
3. household bleach C. Alkalis
4. oxalic acid
5. hydrogen peroxide
Answer Key 10.2-3

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1. C
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. A

Washing and
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Competency – Based Learning Materials

Sector: Human Health and Healthcare Sector

Unit of Competency: Wash and iron clothes, linen and fabric

Module Title: Washing and Ironing clothes, linen and fabric

Date Developed: Document No.

CBLM on February 2013

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

Date Developed: Document No.

CBLM on February 2013

Upon completing this module, report to your teacher for assessment to

Date Developed: Document No.

CBLM on February 2013

Unit of Competency: WASH AND IRON CLOTHES, LINEN AN DFABRIC

Module Title: WASHING AND IRONING CLOTHES, LINEN AND FABRIC

Nominal Duration: 30 hours

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion of this module, the trainee/student must be able to:

LO1. Check and sort clothes, linens and fabrics

LO2. Remove stains

LO3. Prepare washing equipment and supplies

LO4. Perform laundry

LO5. Dry clothes, linen and fabric

LO6. Iron clothes, linens and fabrics

Date Developed: Document No.

CBLM on February 2013

Date Developed: Document No.

CBLM on February 2013

Date Developed: Document No.

CBLM on February 2013

1. Personal protective paraphernalia are worn in accordance with standard

You must be provided with the following:

Date Developed: Document No.

CBLM on February 2013

Date Developed: Document No.

CBLM on February 2013

Any process of arranging items in sequence or in sets.

Is a discoloration that can be clearly distinguished from the surface, material,

Personal protective paraphernalia

An aqueous cleaner that has a pH significantly below 7, contain acids and

Washing agents contain strong bases like sodium hydroxide and/or potassium

Refers to a number of chemicals which remove color and whiten or disinfect,

Refers to mixtures of chemical compounds including alkylbenzenesulfonates,

Date Developed: Document No.

CBLM on February 2013

Learning Outcome 2. Wash and iron clothes, linen and fabric

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read Information Sheet

Date Developed: Document No.

CBLM on February 2013

1. Identify the different laundry chemicals in washing and ironing

Common laundry chemicals include bleach, sodium salt, surfactants,

Bleach is a basic ingredient in laundry chemicals used to

Date Developed: Document No.

CBLM on February 2013

Surfactants are one of the most important ingredients used in laundry

Laundry chemicals also include a variety of enzymes that break down

Date Developed: Document No.

CBLM on February 2013

Name of trainee: _ Date:_____

Name of Trainee:_________________ Score:_