Human Development and Performance Throughout The Lifespan 2nd Edition Cronin Solutions Manual Download
Human Development and Performance Throughout The Lifespan 2nd Edition Cronin Solutions Manual Download
Human Development and Performance Throughout The Lifespan 2nd Edition Cronin Solutions Manual Download
Chapter 6
Mental Functions and Learning
across the Life Span
OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of this chapter, readers should be able to:
• Discuss ICF definition of mental functions and how this definition relates to the aspects of cognition typically seen in the
psychology and rehabilitation literature;
• Describe embodied cognition and embodied learning while reflecting on how people with cognitive impairments may best be
supported to develop cognitive skills;
• Offer clinical examples of disorders in consciousness and orientation functions; differentiate these from disorders in
sleep functions;
• Compare the older Chess and Thomas categorization of temperament types with the newer approach developed by
Rothbart;
• Discuss the distinctions between the psychological, the physiological, and the social theories of intelligence;
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
18 Chapter 6
• Explain what is meant by metacognitive knowledge, and offer clinical examples or disorders associated with deficits in
this area;
• Categorize the aspects of metacognitive process in terms of their function in the performance of a complex task, such
as cooking a meal;
• Compare implicit and explicit long-term memory storage, and discuss how difficulties in these areas might manifest in a
clinical population; and
• Describe social learning and affordances in the context of human development and skills acquisition.
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Mental Functions and Learning across the Life Span 19
changed when actual and expected sensory consequences are compared and an error signal is obtained. The
response specifications are then modified and a new attempt at the task is initiated.
5. Working memory has been intensively studied in recent years because it is so integral to learning complex skills and
ideas. How might working memory impairments manifest in a traditional rehabilitation setting?
• The term working memory describes the ability we have to hold in mind and mentally manipulate information over
short periods of time. Working memory is often thought of as a mental workspace that we can use to store
important information in the course of our mental activities. Working memory allows us to remember that we are
to do 20 repetitions of an exercise and at the same time count how many we have already done.
• In more complex tasks, working memory lets us know where we are in a sequence of tasks. For example, if we are
cooking using a recipe, it lets us remember where we are in cooking process. What ingredients have been added,
and what still need to be added, as well as what tasks we need to complete such as mixing, peeling, chopping, or
baking the food.
• Often individuals may have adequate physical ability to perform tasks, but lack the cognitive support, especially the
working memory to apply the physical ability functionally to perform complex tasks.
Cowart, Monica. (2005). Embodied conition. The Internet Encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved January 31, 2015, from
www.iep.utm.edu/embodcog.htm.
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
20 Chapter 6
Web Resources
Discover your child’s temperament style (from infants to toddlers), from The Preventive Ounce:
www.preventiveoz.org/image.html
Go Baby Go Project:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=qcZtW18WgtE
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.