10

Science
Quarter 2 – Module 5:
LIGHT: MIRRORS AND LENSES
(Properties of Mirrors and Lenses
Used in Optical Instrument)
Science – 10
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 2 – Module 5: Lights: Mirrors and Lenses (Properties of Mirrors and Lenses
Use in Optical Instrument)
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Module

Writers: Afrail Mae S. Sintos;….
Editors: Randy E. Porras, EPS (Science)
Reviewers: Aisha B. Grafil; Cherry Anne Doctora
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This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

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At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

Hi! How have you been? Are you excited to learn something for today? Well,
we shall continue exploring the world of light. In previous module, you already
understand the use of laws of reflection and refraction in order to describe and
explain how images are formed by mirrors and lenses. Now it is time to apply these
ideas to some common optical lenses and to show how such devices work. In this
module you will be able to identify ways in which the properties of mirrors and
lenses determine their use in optical instruments such as camera and binoculars.
The lessons are arranged to follow the content standards of the Science 10
curriculum guide with their corresponding learning competencies.

Most Essential Learning Competencies

1. Identify ways in which the properties of mirrors and lenses determine their
use in optical instruments (e.g. cameras and binoculars).
Lesson Objectives
After going through this module, you are expected to:
a. Construct diagram to determine the location, orientation, size, and type of
images formed by curved mirrors and lenses;
b. Describe the image form on the film of the camera and telescope;
c. Design a pinhole camera and explain the factors that affect the image on
the screen;
d. Explain ways in which the properties of mirrors and lenses
determine their use in optical instruments (e.g. cameras and binoculars);
e. Determine the uses and functions of some optical instruments; and
f. Formulate general insight about how the image formed by the camera and
telescope.

Alright! Before we start, I would like you to answer the 15-item test to
diagnose what you know about our topic for today. Good luck!

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 What I Know

Direction: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.
Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A camera forms an image in a sensitive film while an eye forms the image on
the _______.
a. Iris
b. Pupil
c. Cornea
d. Retina
2. What can a camera do which a human eye cannot?
a. It can form images of object.
b. It can adjust to dim and bright lights.
c. It can change focus from short to long distances.
d. It can give permanent record of the scene on which it is focused.
3. Which of the following optical instrument does NOT form a real, inverted and
smaller image?
a. camera
b. human eye
c. pinhole camera
d. simple microscope
4. An optical device used to see very far or distant objects clearly is the ____.
a. Camera
b. Telescope
c. Hologram
d. Compound microscope
5. A telescope is an optical device used to ______.
a. view distant object
b. view rear object
c. diminish large object
d. diminish small object
6. Sun’s rays are observed to focus at a point behind a lens. What type of lens
was used?
a. converging lens
b. diverging lens
c. focusing lens
d. none of the above
7. Which of the following optical instruments will be used to produce a reduced
and inverted image of a distant object?
a. camera
b. projector
c. microscope
d. refracting telescope

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8. A pinhole camera produces an______.
a. an erect and small image
b. an erect and enlarged image
c. an inverted and small image
d. an inverted and enlarged image
9. Which of the following act as pinhole to the natural pinhole camera?
a. water droplets
b. gaps between the leaves
c. leaves acts as a pinhole
d. none of these
10. What kind of image is formed by concave lenses?
a. always real
b. always virtual
c. could be real or virtual; depends on the distance of the object from
the focal point
d. could be real or virtual; but always real when the object is placed at
the focal point
11. When will the convex lens give a real image?
a. Beyond focus
b. Beyond optical center
c. Beyond center of curvature
d. Between focus and curvature
12. What type of lens produces smaller and upright images?
I. Concave Lens III. Converging Lens
II. Convex Lens IV. Diverging Lens

a. I only
b. II and III
c. I and III
d. I and IV
13. If lens create a real image, which of the following CANNOT be true?
a. the image is inverted
b. the image is upright
c. the image is bigger the object
d. the image is smaller than the object
14. When the object is placed on the focal point in front of a convex lens, the
image produced is___________.
a. real, reduce and inverted
b. real, true, and inverted
c. real, enlarged and inverted
d. there is no image
15. What part of the eye corresponds to the diaphragm of the camera?
a. retina
b. Iris
c. pupil
d. cornea

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Lesson Lights: Mirrors and Lenses
7 (Properties Of Mirrors and Lenses Use
In Optical Instrument)

What’s In

Great Job! You have successfully answered the questions above. In this
part, let us try to test what you have learned on the PREVIOUS TOPIC.

ACTIVITY 1:1 ARE YOU LOST AFTER REFLECTION?

Objectives: At the end of the activity, you should be able to:
a. Construct diagram to determine the location, orientation, size, and type of
images formed by curved mirrors.
Materials:
-Protractor and Ruler
- Graphing Paper
Procedure:
1. Using a Protractor and the ruler, construct a ray diagram to determine the
location, orientation, size, and type of images formed by curved mirrors. As much
as possible, use the four principal rays to locate the image formed in a curved
mirror in a graphing paper.
2. Answer the table 1 below to summarize the characteristics and location of the
images formed.
Table 1. Location, Orientation, Size and Type of Image Formed in Curved Mirrors.
Image
Location of object Location Orientation Size Type
Concave Mirror
1. Between the center
curvature and the
focal point
Convex Mirror
1. Between F and V in
front of the mirror

Guide Question:
1. How does the location of the object affect the characteristics and location of the
image formed in a concave mirror? Convex mirror?
Answer: _____________________________________________________________________

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 ACTIVITY 1.2: ARE YOU LOST AFTER REFRACTION?
Objectives: At the end of the activity, you should be able to:
a.) Construct ray diagrams for lenses.
b.) Determine graphically the location, orientation, size, and type of image formed
by lenses.
Materials:
-Protractor and Ruler
- Graphing Paper

Procedure:
1. Using a Protractor and the ruler, construct a ray diagram to determine the
location, orientation, size, and type of images formed by curved mirrors. As much
as possible, use the four principal rays to locate the image formed by lenses in a
graphing paper.
2. Answer the table 2 below to summarize the characteristics and location of the
images formed.

Table 2. Location, Orientation, Size and Type of Image Formed by lenses.

Image
Location of object Location Orientation Size Type
Concave Lens
1. at the focal point F
Convex Lens
1. Between 2F and F

Guide Question:
1. Why is it impossible for a concave lens to form real image?

Answer: _____________________________________________________________________

What’s New

Great Work! You can still recall your previous lesson. This time you will be
introduced to the different properties of mirrors and lenses used in optical
instruments such as camera and binoculars.

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 ACTIVITY 2: PICTURE ANALYSIS

Objectives: At the end of the activity, you should be able to:

a. Describe the image form on the film of the camera and telescope.

Figure 1. The image formed on the film of the camera.

Figure 2: The image formed by a Telescope.

Lifted from: http://legacy.wss.sd73.bc.ca/mod/book/view.php?id=8200&chapterid=107
http://langlopress.net/homeeducation/resources/science/content/support/illustrations/Lenses/Ray%20Diagrams/T
elescope%20RD.jpg

Guide Questions:
1. Describe the image formed on the film of the camera.
Answer:_____________________________________________________________________

For questions number 2 and 3 refer to figure 2.

2. Describe how image formed by the telescope.
Answer: _____________________________________________________________________
3. Which lens forms the first image? Final image?
Asnwer:_____________________________________________________________________

Your eyes enable you to see the color and beauty of things around you.
Sometimes you do not like to leave and forget such sights. To have an exact
and permanent record of them, you use a camera. This time you will be
observing how image formed on the film of the camera. A good way to find
out how a camera works is to make a simple one. Are you ready to construct
something? Alright! Let’s do this!

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 What is It

ACTIVITY 3: A PINHOLE CAMERA

Adapted from: Project EASE (Effective Alternative Secondary Education) Physics Module 4 Optical Instruments

Objectives: At the end of the activity, you should be able to:

a. Construct a pinhole camera and explain the factors that affect the image on the
screen.
Materials:
-empty powdered milk can (11 cm long and 10 cm in diameter)
-small nail and hammer
- black cartolina (about 35 cm x 30 cm)
- tape or paste
-wax paper/ aluminum foil, about 14 cm2
Procedure:
1. Get a milk can and remove its cover. Make a tiny hole in the center of its bottom
using a small nail and hammer. (Figure 3a)
2. Make a tiny tube out of the black cartolina. The tube must fit into the can. Cover
one end of the tube with wax paper/ aluminum foil. (Figure 3b)
3. Slide the covered end of the black tube into the can. You now have a pinhole
camera. (Figure 4)
4. Point the pinhole to a distant object such as a building or tree. View this object
through the open end of the black tube. Move the tube to get a clearer view of the
object on the wax paper. The wax paper serves as the screen for the camera.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

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Guide Questions:
Answer these:
1. What is formed on the wax paper/aluminum foil?
__________________________________________

2. Compare what you see on the wax paper/aluminum foil with the object to
which the camera is pointed. (Figures 5.)
___________________________________________________________

Figure 5: A Pinhole Camera

You made it! You already have the knowledge how a camera works. Would
you like to learn more? Absolutely! This time we will deepen your
understanding how the properties of mirrors and lenses determine their use
in optical instruments such as camera and telescope.

What’s More

ACTIVITY 4: PROPERTIES OF MIRRORS AND LENSES USED IN OPTICAL

INSTRUMENTS
Adapted from: Project EASE (Effective Alternative Secondary Education) Physics Module 4 (Optical Instruments)

The real camera has a lens instead of a pinhole and uses a film for a screen
instead of a wax paper. The basic elements of a camera are, namely: a converging
lens, a light sensitive film to record an image, and a shutter to let the light from the
lens strike the film. The lens forms an inverted, real and smaller image in the film.

Figure 6. The formation of an image in a camera.

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 When the camera is in proper focus, the position of the film coincides with
the position of the real image formed by the lens. With a converging lens, the image
distance increases as the object distance decreases. Hence in focusing the camera,
the lens is moved closer to the film for a distant object and farther from the film for
a nearby object. Often, this is done by turning the lens in a threaded mount.

Know This:
A camera is similar to a human eye in several aspects. The shutter of a
camera excludes unnecessary light just as the eyelids do. The diaphragm regulates
the amount of light that enters the camera through the aperture just as the iris
regulates the amount of light that enters the eye through the pupil. In the dark, the
pupil dilates, while it constricts in bright light. A camera has a simple converging
lens or a system of lenses which forms images by refraction just like the lens of a
human eye. The light sensitive film inside a camera corresponds to the light
sensitive retina in the back of the eye, and both receive an inverted, real image that
is smaller than the object.
In a camera, the lens is adjusted to form a sharp image, while our eyes have the
power of accommodation to see near and distant objects. The camera gives a
permanent image of the object, while the image in the eye lasts for only about 1/16
of a second before another distinct image is formed.

Source: Science in Today’s World Series: Physics, 2005, pp. 231-232.

Most optical instruments are made up of a lens or an arrangement or

combination of lenses. The function of the optical systems is determined by the
focal lengths of the lenses and their relative positions.

A telescope is used to make distant objects look closer and appear bigger. It
consists of two converging lenses: the objective lens with a long focal length and the
eyepiece lens with a short focal length. The objective lens is used to collect light
from a distant object and to form the first image. The eyepiece lens is a magnifying
lens which produces a final virtual image at a distance.
The optical system of a telescope is similar to that of a compound
microscope. In both instruments, the image formed by an objective lens is viewed
through an eyepiece. The key difference is that the telescope is used to view large
objects at large distances and the microscope is used to view small objects at a very
close distance.
An astronomical telescope is a telescope that uses lens as an objective. It is called a
refracting telescope. In the reflecting telescope the objective lens is replaced by
a concave mirror. This is because large perfect lenses are more difficult to make
than large mirrors.

Figure 7. Ray diagram of image formation in an astronomical refracting telescope.

Lifted from:
https://mammothmemory.net/images/user/base/Physics/Lenses/Convex%20lens%20use%20telescope/convex-
lens-use---telescope-35a.f055c9c.jpg

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 Optical Instruments and their Functions
Lifted from: Science 10 DepEd Teaching Guide

Optical Picture Functions

Instruments
Magnifying Is a single positive lens that will add
glass convergence to the visual system. As an
object is brought near the eye, the retinal
image increases in size. There is a limit to
this increase in size, however, in the sense
that at a very short distance between the eye
and the object, the rays will diverge so much
that a magnifying lens becomes necessary.
The main function of a magnifying glass is to
provide an image of an object that is bigger
than that seen by the naked eye.

Compound Consists of a combination of lenses for

Microscope magnifying an object several hundred times.
It uses two converging lenses with short focal
lengths. The lens near the object is the
objective lens, while the one nearer the eye is
the eyepiece. The objective lens forms a real
and enlarged inverted image. The eyepiece,
on the other hand, forms a further enlarged,
erect, but virtual final image.

Binoculars Consist of a pair of telescopes mounted

together, each having an objective lens and
an eyepiece. The image formed by the
objective lens of binoculars is upside-down,
and the left and right sides are reversed.
Binoculars use a system of prisms to switch
the image left to right and right to left. Then
the eyepieces create enlarged, virtual, upright
images.

Endoscope Is a long flexible tube that is inserted in the

body so that a doctor can observe internal
passages such as a person’s esophagus or
intestine. It has a converging lens and
bunches of optical fibers that convey the
image to the end of the tube, where the image
can be observed through a computer monitor
or screen. An endoscope uses the concept of
total internal reflection.

Spectrometer Uses the principle of diffraction to create a

spectrum of colors emitted by a light source.
This aids scientists and engineers in
identifying different substances.

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Overhead Has a mirror, which focuses light from an
Projector intense source onto a pair of converging
lenses. These lenses direct the light through
the slide to a projection lens. The lens is
mounted on a sliding tube so that it can be
adjusted to be able to focus the real image on
the screen.

Periscope Is an optical device consisting of a tube

attached to a set of mirrors or prisms,
through which an observer (typically in a
submerged submarine or behind a high
obstacle) can see things that are otherwise
out of sight.

Interferometer Is an optical device that uses the concepts of

diffraction and interference to make precise
measurements of very small distances. It can
also be used to measure changes in the index
of refraction.

.
IDENTIFICATION:
Direction: Identify the terms or phrase referred to in the following:
____________ 1. It regulates the amount of light that enters the camera through the
aperture.
____________ 2. It is a lens system which makes distant objects appear bigger and
closer.
____________ 3. The light sensitive film inside a camera corresponds to what part of
the eye?
____________ 4. It is a lens in a telescope used to collect light from a distant object
to form the first image.
____________ 5. It is the lens in a telescope which serves as a magnifying lens
producing a virtual image.
______________6. What type of lens was used when Sun’s rays are observed to focus
at a point behind a lens?
______________7. It gives a permanent image of the object.
______________8. What part of the eye that it dilates in the dark while it constricts
in bright light?
______________9. What part of the camera that serves as screen where the image is
formed?
______________10. What type of telescope where the objective lens is replaced by a
concave mirror?
Guide Questions:
1. Compare camera with our eyes in terms of function.

Answer: _________________________________________________

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2. What are the two converging lenses present in a telescope? Describe each lens.

Answer: _________________________________________________
3. In what way does the properties of mirrors and lenses used in camera and
telescope?

Answer: _________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Wow it’s a piece of cake! You easily did your activity well. Shall we
proceed? Yes of course! This time, try to sum up the things that you have
learned this week by doing the activity below.

Activity 5: Personal Notepad

Direction: Formulate your general insights about how the images are formed by
the camera and telescope.

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 Rubrics for Personal Notepad
Criteria 4 3 2 1
NEATNESS Essay is Essay is neat Essay has several Essay has many
incredibly neat with few smudges smudges or smudges or
with no smudges or tears. tears. tears.
or tears.
ORIGINALITY Applies higher Applies basic Does not exhibit No adherence to
order thinking creative skills to creativity the theme
and creative relay ideas
skills
to relay complex
ideas
LANGUAGE USE, Uses correct Uses correct Contains Many errors in
STYLE & grammar, grammar, frequent errors in grammar,
CONVENTIONS spelling, spelling, and grammar, spelling, and
punctuation punctuation with spelling, and punctuation,
throughout with few errors punctuation makes reader’s
very few errors comprehension
difficult
MAIN POINT The essay is The essay is The essay is The essay poorly
focused, focused on the focused on topic addresses topic
purposeful, and topic and and includes few and includes
reflects clear includes relevant loosely related irrelevant ideas
insight and ideas ideas ideas

What I Can Do

Job well done! You are closed to finish this module. It’s now time to put
those learning into application. Are you ready? Let’s do this activity.

ACTIVITY 6: PHOTO-ESSAY
Objective:
1. Apply contents learned in mirrors and lenses in photography.

Direction: Using a camera, capture 5 or more photos and arrange it in a ¼

illustration board. In each photo write a caption describing the picture. You may
create a story out of it.

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 Judging Criteria for Photo-Essay
Adopted fr om: http://projects.kydataseam.com/photojournalism/CommunDetails_files/photoessayrubric.pdf

Creativity is the original, fresh, and external expression of the imagination of the
maker by using the medium to convey an idea, message or thought. Compelling
Essay's evoke laughter, sadness, anger, pride, wonder or another intense emotion. The
use and control of light to create dimension, shape and roundness in an image or the
way the creator uses words to express thoughts and emotions can be considered.
Storytelling refers to the Essay's ability to evoke imagination, create a feeling, tell a
story, or visually illustrate an idea. The images should tell the story in a visual way
creating interest by capturing the moment. Images can better illustrate the story and
keep the viewer’s interest with variety, angles, lighting, color, etc.
Writing should be creative using proper technique and mechanics. The writing should
evoke the emotion and wonder of the reader leaving them to want more by the time
they reach the end. Does the story have a conflict, a climax, and an end?
Photography includes impact, creativity, technical excellence, composition, lighting,
style, color and storytelling. The photos should provide variety, interesting angles,
imagination, and properly illustrate the story being told.

Criteria 4 3 2 1
Creativity Provides unique Some unique Interesting No evidence of
and aspects evident elements unique or
interesting which add to support the story interesting
approach story message. message, but are elements that
to subject in the not unique. connect to the
photography, story.
writing
and story message.
Storytelling All story elements Most of the story While some Few elements
relate compelling elements evident elements of story present which do
story (setting, which still evident, they do not
character, plot, provide a not support a
exposition, conflict, compelling story. support a coherent,
climax, resolution) compelling story. compelling story.
Writing Proper structure, Technically well Writing has Multiple
grammar, written with technical technical
punctuation used some problems, but problems with
to interest to overall narrative which
not only link support message is detracts from
images the story. supported. overall
and story, but also story and
enhance overall message.
message.
Photography Lighting, angles, Lighting, angles, Either quality of Neither photo
composition, composition, photos are not quality
cropping and cropping and consistent or or story support
content content they do not is
in all photos in all photos support the evident in images
support support story. story. provided.
story. Variety of
images.

17
 Assessment

Amazing! You are a step closer on finishing this module. You just
need to complete the activity below with necessary information.

Direction: Identify ways in which the properties of mirrors and lenses are
used in some optical instruments. In a separate sheet of paper, fill in the table
below with the corresponding descriptions.

Optical Instruments Uses and Functions

Magnifying glass

Compound
Microscope
Binoculars
Endoscope
Spectrometer
Overhead Projector
Periscope
Interferometer

Camera
Telescope

Additional Activities

Research on the methods on how jewelers cut and polish diamonds so

they sparkle. Be sure to explain how the concepts of refraction, critical angle, and
internal reflection are used to make diamonds sparkle and dazzle with a brilliant
light.

Excellent! You did it with flying colors. Congratulations!

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What's In 19
Activity 1.1- Are You Lost After Reflection?
Image
Location of object Location Orientation Size Type
Concave Mirror Beyond C inverted enlarged real
1. Between the center
curvature and the
focal point
Convex Mirror Between F and V upright reduced virtual
1. Between F and V
in front of the mirror
Guide Question:
1. The location of the object affects the characteristics and location of the image
in such a way that as the object comes nearer/closer the concave mirror, its
image appears farther away from the mirrors and becomes larger and inverted. As
it comes closer to the surface of the concave mirror (between F and V), the image
appears upright and becomes virtual. For all locations of object in front of a
convex mirror, the image formed is always upright, reduced, virtual, and located
between F and V.
What I Know
1. D
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. C
6. A
7. A
8. C
9. B
10.B
11.D
12.A
13.C
14.D
15.B
Answer Key
 20
What's In
Activity 1.2- Are You Lost After Refraction?
Image
Location of object Location Orientation Size Type
Concave Lens Between F and V upright reduced virtual
1. at the focal point F
Convex Lens Beyond 2f inverted enlarged real
1. Between 2F and F
Guide Question:
1. A concave lens cannot form real image because a real image is formed by intersection of
real refracted rays, and concave lens spreads out the real rays.
What's In
Activity 1.1- Are You Lost After Reflection?
1. Concave Mirror
2. Convex Mirror
 21
What Is It
Guide Question:
1. The image of the object is formed on the wax paper.
2. The image observed on the wax paper is smaller, inverted and real.
What's New
Guide Question:
1. The moment the camera’s shutter is pressed; the lens diaphragm opens for
a fraction of a second. Light from the object then enters the opening, passes
through the lens and forms an image on the film. The image formed is real,
upside down and smaller than the object.
2. Two type of lens are used in a telescope. The first one is very large lens that
collects a large amount of light from far away object. This is the objective lens.
It has very long focal length because of the object’s distance. This lens forms
the object’s first real, inverted and diminished image. The second lens is the
eyepiece lens. It has a short focal length. It acts like a magnifying lens for the
image casts by the objective lens. The eyepiece lens is closer to the eye. It
forms a final virtual and enlarged image.
3. The lens that forms the first image is the objective lens while the eyepiece
lens forms the final image.
What's In
Activity 1.2- Are You Lost After Reflection?
1. Concave Lens
2. Convex Lens
 22
What’s More
IDENTIFICATION
1. Diaphragm 6. Converging Lens
2. Telescope 7. Camera
3. Retina 8. Pupil
4. Objective Lens 9. Film
5. Eyepiece Lens 10. Reflecting Telescope
Guide Question:
1. A camera is similar to a human eye in several aspects. The shutter of a camera
excludes unnecessary light just as the eyelids do. The diaphragm regulates the
amount of light that enters the camera through the aperture just as the iris
regulates the amount of light that enters the eye through the pupil. In the dark,
the pupil dilates, while it constricts in bright light. A camera has a simple
converging lens or a system of lenses which form images by refraction just like
the lens of a human eye. The light sensitive film inside a camera corresponds to
the light sensitive retina in the back of the eye, and both receive an inverted, real
image that is smaller than the object.
2. The two converging lenses of the telescope: the objective lens with a long focal
length and the eyepiece lens with a short focal length. The objective lens is used
to collect light from a distant object and to form the first image. The eyepiece lens
is a magnifying lens which produces a final virtual image at a distance.
3. A camera has a simple converging lens or a system of lenses which form
images by refraction just like the lens of a human eye. A telescope is used to
make distant objects look closer and appear bigger. It consists of two converging
lenses: the objective lens with a long focal length and the eyepiece lens with a
short focal length. An astronomical telescope is a telescope that uses lens as an
objective. It is called a refracting telescope. In the reflecting telescope the
objective lens is replaced by a concave mirror. This is because large perfect lenses
are more difficult to make than large mirrors.
What I Have Learned
The moment the camera’s shutter is pressed, the lens diaphragm open for a
fraction of a second. Light from the object then enters the opening, passes through
the lens and forms an image on the film. The image formed is real, upside down
and smaller than the object. There are two type of lens are used in a telescope.
The first one is very large lens that collects a large amount of light from far away
object. This is the objective lens. It has very long focal length because of the
object’s distance. This lens forms the object’s first real, inverted and diminished
image. The second lens is the eyepiece lens. It has a short focal length. It acts like
a magnifying lens for the image cast by the objective lens. The eyepiece lens is
closer to the eye. It forms a final virtual and enlarged image.
References

Acosta, H., Alvarez, L., Angeles, D., Arre, R., Carmona, M., Garcia, A., Gatpo, A.,
Marcaida, J., Olarte, M., Rosales, M., Salazar, N. (2015). First Edition. Science 10
Learner’s Material. Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines

Acosta, H., Alvarez, L., Angeles, D., Arre, R., Carmona, M., Garcia, A., Gatpo, A.,
Marcaida, J., Olarte, M., Rosales, M., Salazar, N. (2015). First Edition. Science 10
Teacher’s Guide. Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines

Project EASE Effective Alternative Secondary Education. Physics. Module 4 Optical

Instruments. Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines

“Figure 1. The image formed on the film of the camera”: Retrieved August 04,2020
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“Figure 7. Ray diagram of image formation in an astronomical refracting telescope”:

Retrieved August 05,2020 from:
https://mammothmemory.net/images/user/base/Physics/Lenses/Convex%20lens
%20use%20telescope/convex-lens-use---telescope-35a.f055c9c.jpg

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