3.

SEQUENCES AND
SERIES

1. SEQUENCE

1.1 Introduction

1
a2 ,a3 n

Note:

Sequence

3, 5, 7, 9, .....

three dots means

4rd term goes on forever (infinite)
3rd term
1 st term 2nd term

(”term’’’’, element’’ or ‘’ member’’’’ mean the same thing)

Figure 3.1
3 . 2 | Sequences and Series

1.3 Rule

+2 +2 +2 +2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9

Figure 3.2

1.4 Notation
n

10

n
n
(JEE MAIN)

Sol: n
n

1
1

n
 M a them a tics | 3.3

n
(JEE MAIN)

Sol:
n
n

a1 1
1

a n

Sequence 1 n
Sequence

2. SERIES

1 n 1 n n

n 1 n

3. SIGMA AND PI NOTATIONS

9 n
n r a or na a a a a

n=1 r 1
5
i 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1
i l 2i 4 2 1 4 2 2 4 2 3 4 2 4 4 2 5 4

k k k
a ai a i
i l i l i l
n n n in jn jn in

r r r r aia j aia j
r l r l r l i i0 j j0 j j0 i i0

3.2 Pi Notation

6 k
n nm
n 1 n 1

k
n
n 1

4. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION

1
3 . 4 | Sequences and Series

Note:

PLANCESS CONCEPTS

(JEE MAIN)

Sol: n

(JEE MAIN)

Sol:

(JEE MAIN)

n n

Sol:

n
 M a them a tics | 3.5

3 1 1
nd
7 , and 6
4 2 2
and (JEE MAIN)

Sol: n

3 31
T2 7
4 4
1 1
T31
2 2
1 31 29 1
– – d
2 4 4 4

1 31 31 1 32
a– a 8
4 4 4 4 4
13
n
–
2
13 1 13
– – –
2 4 2

(JEE ADVANCED)

Sol: p q r n

p q r q

p
q
r
p r
q r

p– q – p– q q r –
q– r v q– r q r v

– –
pq pr – q – qr (q – r) pq pr – qr q (q r)
–v v
3 . 6 | Sequences and Series

pq, pr and qr

(JEE ADVANCED)

Sol:

x y y
1 3 5

1 n 1

a3 a4 a5 an 1 1 1 an–1 a2
........ – a2 ....... (JEE ADVANCED)
a2 a3 a4 an–1 a2 a3 an–2 a2 an–1

Sol: 1 1

a3 – a2 a4 – a2 a5 – a2 an–1 – a2 an
LHS ...
a2 a3 a4 an–2 an–1

a2 a3 a4 an–2 an
......
a2 a3 a4 an–2 an–1

an a1 (n – 1)d n–1
(n – 3) (n – 3) { a1 0}
an–1 a1 (n – 2)d n–2
a1 (n – 2)d a2 1 1 n–1
(n – 2) (n – 3) 1
a2 a1 (n – 2)d n–2 n–2 n–2

PLANCESS CONCEPTS
 M a them a tics | 3.7

Sn
Sn

n
n n
Sn (2a (n – 1)d) T Tn
2 2 1

(JEE MAIN)
19
Sol:
2

19 19
2 56 1064
2 2

7n 1
4n 27
(JEE MAIN)
n
Sol: n
2a n–1 d
2
n
(2a (n – 1)d1 )
7n 1 2 1
4n 27 n
(2a (n – 1)d2 )
2 2
n 1
a1 d1
7n 1 2
4n 27 n 1
a1 d2
2

a1 10d1 n–1
10
a2 10d2 2

a1 10d2 148
a2 10d2 111

(JEE MAIN)

Sol: Tk a (k – 1)d and Tn k 1 [a (n – k)d]

Tk a (k – 1)d
3 . 8 | Sequences and Series

Tn k 1 [a (n – k)d]

Tk Tn k 1 [a (k – 1)d] a (n – k)d

1 n
(JEE ADVANCED)

1 1 1 n–1
.....
a1a2 a2a3 an–1an a1an

Sol: n

1 1 1 1 1 1
..... ......
a1a2 a2a3 an–1an a(a d) (a d)(a 2d) [a (n – 2)d][a (n 1)d]

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
– – ... –
d a a d d a d a 2d d a (n – 2)d a (n – 1)d

1 1 1 a (n 1)d – a (n 1)d n 1 n 1
d a a (n 1)d ad(a (n 1)d) ad(a (n 1)d) a(a (n 1)d) a1an

PLANCESS CONCEPTS

a1 n

(JEE MAIN)
Sol:
 M a them a tics | 3.9

(JEE MAIN)

Sol:

(a – 3d)(a 3d) 7 a2 – 9d2 7 64 – 9d2 7

And
(a – d)(a d) 15 2
a –d 2 15 64 – d 2 15

b c c a a b 1 1 1
0 and , , , ,
a b c a b c
(JEE ADVANCED)
b c c a a b
Sol: , ,
a b c
b c c a a b
, ,
a b c

b c c a a b
1 , 1 , 1
a b c
a b c c a b a b c
, ,
a b c
1 1 1
, ,
a b c

1 1 1 1 1 1
,b ,c (JEE ADVANCED)
b c a c a b

abc
Sol:
ab bc ac

1 1 1 1 1 1 b c a c b a
a ,b ,c a ,b ,c
b c a c a b bc ac ab

ab ac ab bc bc ac
1, 1, 1
bc ac ab

ab ac bc ab bc ac bc ac ab
, ,
bc ac ab

abc
ab bc ac
3 . 1 0 | Sequences and Series

1 n

1
(a a2 ..... an )
n 1

1 n 1 n
b–a
n 1

A1 a d
A2 a 2d
:
An a nd
n
n(n 1) n(n 1) b a
Ai na (1 2 3 ..... n)d d na
i 1 2 2 n 1

n a b
[2a b – a] nA
2 2

Note:

(JEE MAIN)
b–a
Sol:
n 1
67 – 4
d
20 1
A1 A1
A A
A A
A A

an bn
(JEE ADVANCED)
an–1 bn–1
a b an bn
Sol:
2 an–1 bn–1
an bn a b n n n n

a n–1
bn–1 2

an n
a
n–1 0 0
a a a
a a 1 1
b b b
 M a them a ti cs | 3.11

and
(JEE MAIN)

Sol:

30
m 1

30 m 1 210 m 211
A
m 1 m 1 m 1

30 m 1 30m – 30 31m – 29
A 1 (m – 1)
m 1 m 1 m 1

A7 (m 211) / (m 1) m 211 5
Am–1 (31m 29) / (m 1) 31m – 29 9

m 211 5
31m – 29 9
2044
14
146

(JEE MAIN)

Sol:
n

7750
31
250

PLANCESS CONCEPTS

(a) n n n

(b) n n

(i) n

(ii) n
3 . 1 2 | Sequences and Series

PLANCESS CONCEPTS

(c)

(d)
(e)

(g)

Sn fn Tn f(2n – 1)
(h)
S'n n T'n (2n – 1)
n 1
A B
Tn An B Sn 2
(i)
T'n Cn D S'n n 1
C D
2

n
Sn [2a (n – 1)d]
2
n2 n d 2 d
Sn an d– d n a– n
2 2 2 2

d d
Sn B a–
2 2

n 1 n
An

n n

An
A
A n

n
 M a them a ti cs | 3.13

and 11
(JEE MAIN)
Sol: n

11

10 10
11

q 10 10

Sn n

Sn n n

a(1 – rn )
Sn 1
1–r
a(rn – 1) Tn 1 –a
Sn
r –1 r –1
And Sn

Note: n

a(rn – 1)
lim Sn lim
n n r –1
a
n
as n S
1–r

b
3 . 1 4 | Sequences and Series

Note:

1
Gn 1 n

1
b n 1
b
a
G1 n
n
n
b
Note:

n
Gr n
ab
r 1

a and b
2 a b
a– b 0 ab 0 ab ab GM
2
Note:

x y z
3 (JEE ADVANCED)
y z x
x y z
Sol: and
y z x
x y z
1
y z x
x y z
x1 x2 x3 y z x
(x1 x2 x3 )1/3 1
3 3

an 1
bn 1
(JEE ADVANCED)
an bn
an 1
bn 1
Sol: ab
an bn
n 1 n 1
a b
ab a n n
n
a bn
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
n n n n
a a 2 b2 a2 b 2 an 1
–a 2 b2 a2 b 2 – bn 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
n n n n
a 2 a2 – b2 b 2 a2 – b2 a 2 b 2

1
n 0
a 2 a 1 1
n –
b b 2 2
 M a them a ti cs | 3.15

(JEE ADVANCED)

Sol: n

a(1 – rn )
n
1–r
10(1 – 10n )
n
–n
1 – 10

1
and a
1
(JEE ADVANCED)
a
Sol: 1
a
r
a 9a
a1 5ar 14a
r r

5
R 1,
9

PLANCESS CONCEPTS

a a a a
1 n
a 1 ,a 2 ,a 3 ,.....,a n d

(JEE MAIN)

Sol:

5 5
,
2 4

5 5
,
2 4
1
5 1–
2n a(1 – rn )
10
1 n
1–r
1–
2
1 1 1
10 1 – 10 0
n
n
2 2 2n
3 . 1 6 | Sequences and Series

(JEE MAIN)

Sol:

80
100

80 80
100 100

80 80 80
100 100 100

80 4
100 5
5
4 15625 1024
1024 5
5 625 5

(a)

(b)
b c
(c) b2 ac
a b
1
(d)
r
1 n

an 1
r
an

1 1 1 1
, , ,....., ,.....
a1 a2 a3 an

1 / an 1 an 1
1 / an an 1 r

(e)

1 n

an 1
r
an
a1k ,ak2 ,ak3 ,.......,ank ,....
 M a them a ti cs | 3.17

k
akn an
1 1
rk
akn an

a1k ,ak2 ,ak3 ,......,ank ,.....

1 n

1
a1 1 1 1 1 n
a

(g)

(h) 1 1 n

(i) 1 1 1 1

1 n

Tn 1
R
Tn

1 n

tn 1
r
tn
Tn 1 tn–1
Rr
Tn tn

( j)

1 n

Tn 1
R
Tn

1 n

tn 1
r
tn
3 . 1 8 | Sequences and Series

Tn 1
tn 1 R
Tn r
tn
R
r

(JEE MAIN)
a
Sol:
1–r

a
15
1–r
a2 225(1 – r)(1 – r)
45 45
1–r 2 (1 – r)(1 r)

xy
1 ab a2b2 .... (JEE MAIN)
x y –1
a
Sol:
1–r
1
1–a
1 1 x –1
a 1– a
x x x
1
1–b
1 1 y –1
b 1– b
y y y
1
b
1 – ab
1 xy xy
x –1 y –1 xy – xy x y –1 x y –1
1– .
x y

1 P
1 1 1 1 p(p 3)
, ,
2 3 4 (p 1) 1
2
(JEE ADVANCED)
a
Sol: 1 P
1–r
 M a them a ti cs | 3.19

1 1
S1
1
2 1
1–
2
1 2
S
3 1
1–
3
1 3
S
4 1
1–
4

1 p
S
p 1 1
1–
p 1

p p p(p 3)
2 2 2

Sn
n
n

Sn n

dbr(1 – rn–1 )
Sn (a (n – 1)d)brn
1–r

ab dbr(1 – rn–1 ) (a (n – 1)d)brn

Sn
1–r (1 – r)2 1–r
n

ab dbr
S
1–r (1 – r)2
3 . 2 0 | Sequences and Series

(JEE MAIN)

Sol:

1 1
S
(1 – x) (1 – x)2

(JEE ADVANCED)

Sol:

1 1
1–x (1 – x)3

n
n(n 1)
r
r 1 2
n
(2r – 1) n2
r 1
n
2r n(n 1)
r 1
n
n(n 1)(2n 1)
r2
r 1 6
n
n(n 1)(2n 1)
n2
n 1 6

3n(n 1) 3n(n 1)
n n n –n
2 2
 M a them a ti cs | 3.21

3n(n 1)
n –n
2
3n(n 1)
n
2
2n3 6n2 4n – 3n2 – 3n 2n3 3n2 n
n 3 n2
2 2
2n3 3n2 n2 n 2n2 (n 1) n(n 1)
3 n2 3 n2
2 2

n(n 1) (2n 1) n(n 1) (2n 1)

3 n2 n2
2 6
n 2
3 n(n 1)
r
r 1 2

1 1

n n

n(n – 1)(2n 1) n 1
4 n3 6 4 n n
6 2

2
n 1
n n
2

n(n 1)(2n 1)(3n2 3n – 1)

n n
30

n
n i j
(1) (JEE MAIN)
i 1 j 1k 1

n n
n(n 1) n(n 1)(2n 1)
Sol: r and r2
r 1 2 r 1 6
n i j
(1)
i 1 j 1k 1

n i n
i(i 1) 1 1 n(n 1)(2n 1) n(n 1) n(n 1)(2n 4) n(n 1)(n 2)
( j) [ n2 n]
i 1 j 1 i 1 2 2 2 6 2 12 6
3 . 2 2 | Sequences and Series

(JEE MAIN)

Sol: n

n 2 n n
n 1 n(n 1)(2n 1) n(n 1)
r 3
n2
r2 and r
r 1 2 r 1 6 r 1 2

n
2
n 1 3n n 1 (2n 1)
n n n2 n(n 1)
n
2 6

n n
(JEE ADVANCED)

Sol: n n n n

n n

n n

n n

n n

n(n 1)(n 1)
n
n
6

1 1 1
1 1 1 ...... (JEE ADVANCED)
3 3 32

1 1 1
Sol: n
1 .....
3 2
3 3n 1

1 1 1
1 1 1 .......
3 3 9

1
3 1–
1 1 1 3n
n
1 .....
3 3 2
3 n 1 2

3n 3 1 3n 3 1 1 1 3 3 1
n
– – ...... n– 1–
2 2 3n 2 2 3 2
3 n
3 2 2 3n

th
 M a them a ti cs | 3.23

1 1 1
..... (JEE ADVANCED)
1 2 3 4 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 6

1
Sol: n
n(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)

1
n
3(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)

1
n
n(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)

Sn

1 First factor n
3(n 1)(n 2)(n 3) Last factor n 3

1
Sn
3(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)

1 1 1
S1
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 3 2 3 4

1 1 1 1 1
Sn – n
–
18 3(n 1)(n 2)(n 3) 3 6 (n 1)(n 2)(n 3)

1 1
0 S
(n 1)(n 2)(n 3) 18

Note:

1 1 1
....
a(a d)(a 2d) (a d)(a 2d)(a 3d) (a 2d)(a 3d)(a 4d)

2
n 2
n –1
1 1
n
–
n–1 n 1

4
: n and n
3 . 2 4 | Sequences and Series

1 1
[(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)(n 4)[n– (n – 1)]] (n(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)(n 4) – (n – 1)(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)(n 4))
n
5 5
1
(1 2 3 4 5 0)
1
5
1
(2 3 4 5 6 – 1 2 3 4 5)
5
1
(3 4 5 6 7 – 2 3 4 5 6)
5
1
(n(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)(n 4) – (n – 1)(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)(n 4))
n
5

1
Sn n(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)(n 4)
5

Note:

PLANCESS CONCEPTS

1 1 1 1 n
....
1.2 2.3 3.4 n(n 1) n 1

1 1 1 1 1
.... –
1.2.3 2.3.4 n(n 1)(n 2) 4 2(n 1)(n 2)

1 1 1 1 1 1
..... –
a1a2 ....ar a2a3 ....ar 1 anan 1 ....an r –1 (r – 1)(a2 – a1 ) a1 a2 ....ar –1 an 1 an 2 ....an r –1

1
a1a a a a aa
n
(r 1)(a2 – a1 ) n 0 1 n

1
a n 0 1

1 1 1
, ,
a1 a2 a3
1 1 1 1
, , ............
a a d a 2d a (n – 1)d
 M a them a ti cs | 3.25

Note:

1 1 1
, ,
a b c
2 1 1 2ac
b
b a c a c

1 1 1 1 a–b b–c a a–b

– –
b a c b ab bc c b–c

1 1 3
, , (JEE MAIN)
3 5 203
1
Sol:
a
n

1
3

1
5

2 5
3 3
3 203
;
203 3
203 5 2 203
3 3 3 3

1 n 1
a a an
(JEE ADVANCED)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sol: As , ,...... – – ... – a a and
a1 a2 an a2 a1 a3 a2 an an–1 1

a1 n

1 1 1
, ,......
a1 a2 an

1 1 1 1 1 1
– – ... –
a2 a1 a3 a2 an an–1

1 1 1
a1a (a – a2 ) a (a – a3 ) an
d 1 d 2 d n
3 . 2 6 | Sequences and Series

1 1
a a an
1
d 1 n
d 1 n

1 1 a1 – an
an a1 ana1

a1a a an a
1 n

2ac
a c

1 n

1 n

1 1 1 1 1
, , .......... ,
a H1 H2 Hn b

1 1 1 1 a–b
(n 1)d; –
b a b a ab(n 1)

1 1 1 1
H1 a H2 a

1 1 1 1
H3 a Hn a

n
1 n d(n)(n 1) n n(n 1) (a – b) 1 a–b n n(a b) 1
[2b a – b] n
i H
1 i a 2 a 2 ab(n 1) a 2ab 2ab 2ab H

Note:

100
1 1
100 i 1 Hi

n(a b)
2ab

1 n

1 1 1 1 1 1
, , , ........... ,
a H1 H2 H3 Hn b

1 1 a–b
b a ab
 M a them a ti cs | 3.27

a–b
(n 1)ab

1 1 1 1
.........
H1 H2 H3 Hn
n
1 1 1 1 1
Sol: nd
Hn a H1 H2 n H
1 n

1 1 1 1
d 2d
H1 a H2 a
n
1 1 1 n n(n 1)
nd d
Hn a n 1 Hi a 2

n n(n 1) (a – b) n (2b a – b) n
(a b)
a 2(n 1)ab a 2b 2ab

1 1 1 1 3
3 a b c 1 1 1
a b c
1 n

a1 a2 a3 a3 ........ an
| |
n

1
a a n

n
1 1 1 1
.......
a1 a2 a2 an

Sol: and c

1 1 1
, ,
b c c a a b

H1 a Hn b
1 n
a
H1 – a Hn – b
1 1 1 1 1
Sol: , , ....... ,
1 n
a H1 H2 Hn b
3 . 2 8 | Sequences and Series

1 1 1 1
–
b a Hn H1

H1 a 1 / a 1 / H1 1 / a 1 / H1
H1 – a 1 / a – 1 / H1 –d

Hn b 1 / b 1 / Hn 1 / b 1 / Hn
and
Hn – b 1 / b – 1 / Hn d

H1 a Hn b 1 / a 1 / H1 1 / b 1 / Hn 1 1 1 1 1
– –
H1 – a Hn – b –d d d b a Hn H1

a b 2ab
ab
2 a b
a b
ab
2

( a – b)2
0
2

A
2ab
ab –
a b

a b – 2 ab ab
ab ( a – b )2 0
a b a b

A G

2
= AH
a b 2ab
ab
2 a b

A G
A G G
G H
G
 M a them a ti cs | 3.29

PLANCESS CONCEPTS

GP
14 24
3 7
G
G

a b c b
4. (JEE ADVANCED)
2a – b 2c – b
2 1 1
Sol:
b a c
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
b a b c b a b c,
2 1 2 1 1 1
– –
b a b c c a

c c a a a c a c
.
b a b c b c a
a c
c a a c a c
. 2.
2 c a c a
2 2
a c a c a c a c
2
b 2ac 2ac 2ac
a c
a c a c
b c a

a b
ab
2

3G3
H
3 . 3 0 | Sequences and Series

1 1 1
a b c 1 a b c
and
3 H 3

3G3
and
H

3G3
H

(JEE ADVANCED)

Sol:
a b
ab
2

G
G

9 a b 9
2 2 2
G

bc
(JEE ADVANCED)
Sol:

2a 2a 2a 2a b b 3c 3c
, , , , , , , .
4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2

2a 2a 2a 2a b b 3c 3c
4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2a b 3c 1
4 2 2 8 8

1 1
2a 2a 2a 2a b b 3c 3c 8 1 1 1 2 4 2 2 8
. . . . . . . . . .3 a b c
4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 24 22 22
1
1 32 4 2 2
8
A G a b c
8 28

1 32 28 1
a4 b2 c2 a4 b2 c 2 a4 b2 c2 .
8 8 2 8 8
8 2 3 .8 9.4
 M a them a ti cs | 3.31

1
bc
9.48

2a b 3c
4 2 2
a b c
3k
3 3 1

1 3 3 1 1 1 1
12 12 12 12 4 4 12

th

1 n

m
a1m a2m .....anm a1 a2 .....an
n n
m
a1m a2m .....anm a1 a2 .....an
n n
m
a1m a2m .....anm a1 a2 .....an
n n

(a)

(b)
1
or times
c
(c)
(i)

(ii)

(iii)
3 . 3 2 | Sequences and Series

a a
(i) , ,a,ar,ar 2
2 r
r

a a a a a
(ii) , ,ar,ar 3 , ,ar,ar 3 ,ar5
r3 r r5 r 3 r
'a'
r

1 1 1
, ,
a–d a a d

1 1 1 1
, , ,
a – 3d a – d a d a 3d

1 1 1 1 1
, , , ,
a – 2d a – d a a d a 2d

n
Sn 2a n–1 d
n
2

Tn–1 Tn 1 a1 a2 .. an
n
2 n

n n
Sn a Tn
2 n b–a
n 1

a(rn – 1)
n Sn
r– 1

Tn 1 . Tn a
n 1 S
1–r

Tn 1 – a G1 n
Sn n n
r– 1
1
b n 1

a
 M a them a ti cs | 3.33

Sn

ab dbr (1 – rn–1 ) a (n – 1)d brn

Sn –
1–r (1 – r)2 1–r

ab dbr
S
1–r (1 – r)2

1 1 1 1
an
a (n 1)d a1 a2 a1

1 1 1 1 1
...
H n a1 a2 an

1 1 a b
H1 a (n 1)ab

1 1 2(a b) 1 1 n(a b)
H2 a (n 1)ab Hn a (n 1)ab

n
n(n 1)
r
r 1 2

n
(2r – 1) n2
r 1

n
2r n(n 1)
r 1

n
n(n 1)(2n 1)
r2
r 1 6

n 2
n(n 1)
r3
r 1 2
3 . 3 4 | Sequences and Series

Solved Examples

JEE Main/Boards n 2a (n – 1)d

Sn
2
20
S20 [2 99 (20 – 1)(–4)]
2
Sol: n

Sol:
n

3
81 27 3 3
r3 r3 r3
24 8 2 2

Sol: n
Sol:
n

n
2a 3d 25 ...(i) and

3d 3a
d a

n
Sol: n
2a n–1 d
2

1 P

1 1 1 1
, , ,....
2 3 4 p 1
 M a them a ti cs | 3.35

p(p 3) n–1
a1 d
1
2 2 1 5n 4
a n–1 9n 6
Sol: a2 d
1–r 2 2
a1 12d1
1
a2 12d2
a
1–r
a1 12d1 129
1 2 a2 12d2 231
S1 2 3
1 1
1– 1–
2 3
p
S p 1
1
1–
p 1 1
p p Sol: tn
S1 [2 2 (p – 1)1] [p 3] a (n 1)d
2 2

1
8 8 a 48 d 1 0 ..(i)
Sol: a 6d
1
7 7 a 49 d 1 0 ..(ii)
a 7d

1
From eq.(i), we get 8
7a
100 1
a d
56
1 56
100
a 14d 15
1 – 2100
100 2100
1–2
100

Sol:
logy x logz y and logx z
Sol: 1
and a
d1 and d
n
n
2a n–1 d
2
logx 7
logy x
log y 6
n 7
[2a (n – 1)d1 ]
2 1 5n 4 2
n 9n 6 log y 4
[2a (n – 1)d2 ]
2 2 log z 3
3 . 3 6 | Sequences and Series

log z 9
logx z
log x 14
9
7logx z
2
7 9
2 2
1
2

x y z
a b c

Sol:
Sol:
x y z
a b c
a
loga logb logc a
k
x y z

Sol: n n

1 1 1 1

Sol:
q 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 3d
z x –15 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1
p 1 q r d1 q 1 r p d1 r 1 p q d1
a10 . r1
(1–d)(1 2d)(1 3d)
x x –15
a10 .r10 1

(1 d)(1 2d)(1 3d)

1
–15
 M a them a ti cs | 3.37

JEE Advanced/Boards Sol:

x y x y p

1
and S

1 2 3 n
1
a1
n n
Sol: 2a n–1 d
n
2 a 1 n

1
and S
a2 a1 a2 – a1
1

n
S1 1
a3 a2 a3 – a2 .........
2
n n
an an–1 an – an–1
2 2
n n 1 1 1
S a2 – a1 ,
2 2 a2 a1 d a3 a2
n n
S
2 2 a3 – a2
n d
2
1 an – an–1
n
S1 an an–1 d
2
1 1
a1 a2 a2 a3

Sol: 1
an – a1
d

n an – a1
n–1
8 8
an – a1 n–1
9 9
an – a1 an a1

8 8 8
9 9 9
(10n – 1) 8n
–
9 9
8 Sol:
81
n
1 n n
2a n–1 d
2
1 1
........
a1 a2 a2 a3

1 n–1
an–1 an a1 an
3 . 3 8 | Sequences and Series

3
S1
8
2n – 1 3 11
1
2 8 8
2n – 1
2
n–1
n
2n 1 n2 2

Sol:
1 3 5
1 2 22 .... 2n–1
5 52 53 n
Sol: 1 1
1 3 5 1
1 3 5 ...... (2n – 1) 1/n
5 52 53 5 1.3.5 . 2n – 1
n
n
1 (2n – 1) 1/n
2 1.3.5 . 2n – 1
1 3 5 n
5 5 2
53 1/n
n 1.3.5 . 2n – 1
S 1

nn 1.3.5 . 2n – 1
1 1 3 5
S
5 1 52 53 54 1 2 22 .... 2n–1
n
1/n
n(n–1)
4 1 1 1 2n – 1 1
S .......to 2 2
5 1 5 52 53 2–1 n
1
1 2 1 2 1 3 2n – 1
2 5 2n 1/2
5 1 5 4 5 10 n
1–
5
n
n 2n–1 1

JEE Main/Boards

Q.3

Q.1
Q.4

Q.2
1 1 1
, ,
bc ca ab
 M a them a ti cs | 3.39

1 1 1 1 1 1
a ,b ,c and
b c c a a b

1 1 1
9
a b c

1 1 1

G1G2 A1 A2
H1H2 H1 H2

p q x–y
x y
2 p–q
Q.21
a b c
, ,
b c c a a b

Q.22

4 7 10
1 ......
5 5 2
53

Q.11
Q.23

Q.12
1

Q.13 Q.24
1

Q.14
n(n2 1)
2

1
a
1 1 1 n
S .....
a1a2 a2a3 anan 1 a1an 1

lim S
a
3 . 4 0 | Sequences and Series

1 1 1 1 1 1
6 , 2, , ,2
5 2 4 3 2 3 2
H

1 1
10 15
1 1
and si ti
i 1 i 1
s2 – s1
t2 – t1
Q.1
b a b c
b–a b–c
n

Q.2 1 1 1
.....
1 1 1 a1a2 a2a3 anan 1
........
1 1 2 1 2 3
1 2 1
d
a1d a1d 2a1d 1

Q.3

1
n
12 1 –
2n
1
6 1– n
n
2

n
Q.4 Q.11
4
n 1 n 4

Q.12
 M a them a ti cs | 3.41

(2009)
Q.1 n(4n2 – 1)c2 n(4n2 1)c2
6 3
(1987) n(4n – 1)c2 2
n(4n 2
1)c2
3 6

Q.2
1 3 7 15
....
2 4 8 16 (2008)
n

2 6 10 14 (2009)
Q.3 1 .......
3 32
33
34
1 1 1
, , (1998)
1 lnx 1 ln y 1 lnz

Q.11

G14 2G24 G34

Q.4
(2015)
(2000) n
1 M
Q.12
M M
13 13 23 13 23 33
....... (2015)
1 1 3 1 3 5
(2001)

Q.13 nd

(2016)
4 7 8
3 3 3 5
2 (2002)
Q.14 16
1 1 m
5
2 2 2 3 3
2
2
2
1
2
4
2
1 2 3 42 4 .......
1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5
– – (2016)
2 3 2 2

(2004)

(2014)
2 3 2 3 2 3
3 . 4 2 | Sequences and Series

(2013)

n
(k 3 (k 1)3 ) n3
k 1 (2012)

(2013)

Q.21
(2013)
7 20 7 20
n (179 10 ) (99 10 )
3 3 3 81 9
(k (k 1) ) n
k 1 7 20 7 20
(179 10 ) (99 10 )
81 9

Q.22
(2013)
(2012)

JEE Advanced/Boards

Q.1

in and an
off 1
a

and
1

Q.2
2 2 2 2
( 1 2 1 2)

Q.3

m–n
p
Q.4
 M a them a ti cs | 3.43

99
5100 a– b
n
n 1 (25)
n 100
5 b 4

2 –1
S
2 4

x
tan – x ,tan ,tan x
12 12 12

1
a n
49
a2k
k 1

Q.11
343
55 Q.1

Q.12

360
1
Q.2
Q.13 c b a k 1 k k 1 (k 1 k )
a

Q.14

100
k
Q.3
4
k 1k k2 1

4950 5050
10101 10101

5151
10101

Q.4

n n n
3 . 4 4 | Sequences and Series

1–n 3–3n
2 2 r 2 2 r

n 5 – 3n
22 r 2 2 r

Q.11 1

1 1 1
10 1
2 3
a b c5

1 1 Q.1
1 100 100
(1988)
b c

n n

1 1
Q.2 1

100 n
(ar br ) 10000 S 1
r 1 n
(1999)

y
2 Q.3
k –1
k!
1
k
1002 100
| (k 2 – 3k 1)Sk | (2010)
100! k 1
 M a them a ti cs | 3.45

Q.4 1 11 1 n

a1 a 1
12
a12 a22 2
..... a11
90
11 1
a1 a2 ....a11 12
(2010)
11
1
1 100 2
p
1
a1 ai ,1 p 100
i 1 3
Sm
n
Sn
(2011)

Paragraph 1: 1 1 1

Q.11

An n n 1

1
1

1
n 1
n
n n
1
Q.12 Sn and Tn
2
k 1n
2
kn k 2
k 0n kn k 2
1

(2008)

Sn Sn
1 3 3 3 3
1
Tn Tn
1 3 3 3 3
1

Q.13 1
a 1 1
and
b (2008)
1

1
1

1
1
1

Paragraph 2:

and Q (2007)
3 . 4 6 | Sequences and Series

Q.14 1
(2009) a1
(2012)
n(4n2 1)c2 n(4n2 1)c2
6 3
4n k(k 1)
n(4n2 1)c2 n(4n2 1)c2
Sn ( 1) 2 n
3 6 k 1 (2013)

k 1
b
1 k!
a
k
1002 100
(k 2 3k 1)Sk (2010)
100! k 1
a2 a 14 (2014)
a 1
1

a12 a22 2
.... a11 Q.21
90
11
a1 a2 .... a11
(2010)
11

(2015)

n
1 1 Q.22
(2011) b 101
n 0
6 1 101

1 1
and a 1
7
1
(2016)

101 101 101 101

101 101 101 101

 M a them a ti cs | 3.47

JEE Main/Boards JEE Advanced/Boards

Q.3 Q.11 Q.14 Q.6 Q.9 Q.12

Q.17 Q.21 Q.25 Q.15 Q.17
Q.27

Q.2 Q.4 Q.10 Q.1 Q.4 Q.5 Q.12

Q.13

Q.1 Q.3 Q.4

Q.2 Q.5 Q.8 Q.6 Q.7 Q.8

Answer Key

JEE Main/Boards Q.12 1 n(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)

4
1
Q.13 n(4n2 3n 2)
3
Q.1 Q.14
3 3 3
Q.2 3, , , ,.....is the series.
2 4 8
n
7n 7 1 2
Q.3 – 1– ; (b) [10n 1
– 9n – 10]
9 81 10 27

1
[(5050)2 – 338350]
2
Q.21

Q.22
35 3 (3n 2)
Q.23
16 n 2
16(5 ) 4(5n 1 )
1
Q.11 a1 (a2 – a1 )
3 . 4 8 | Sequences and Series

Q.1 Q.2 A Q.3 C Q.4 D C D

A C A A Q.11 C Q.12 D

Q.1 Q.2 C Q.3 Q.4 A D D

C C Q.11 Q.12
Q.13 A Q.14 A D D
A C Q.21 A

JEE Advanced/Boards

5 –1
Q.1 Q.2 1 Q.3 ; 2
2
Q.4

Q.11

Q.12 Q.13 Q.14

Q.1 A Q.2 D Q.3 Q.4 A

Q.11

Q.1 Q.2 Q.3 Q.4 0 C

A D Q.11 Q.12
Q.13 C Q.14 C 0 D
Q.21 Q.22
 M a them a ti cs | 3.49

Solutions

JEE Main/Boards 7
9
7
9

Sol 1: 7
9
n
a(rn 1) 7 n – 0.1(1 – (0.1) ) 7 1
n– (1 – (0.1)n )
r –1 9 1 – 0.1 9 9
n
7n 7 1
1–
(3n – 1) n
9 81 10
(3 – 1)
n

6 2
n 6 9 3
n
2 10(10 – 1) 2 10 2n
a –n n
Sol 2: 3 10 – 1 3 9 3
–r 1
2 2n 9 2
10n 1
– 10 10n 1
– 9n – 10
27 3 9 27
a
Sol 4:
3
a
3
–r 1
3
a
3
–r 1
8(r 1) 3
(r – 1)2 a–b b–c
2
– r3 1 (r r 1)

1 1 1
bc ac ab
1 (b – a) (c – b)
2 cab abc
1
–
2
3 3 3
Series is 3, , , ,.....
2 4 8

Sol 3: b2c b2a – a2b – a2c c2a c2b – b2c – b2a

Sn d1 d2
3 . 5 0 | Sequences and Series

d1

d 9 9
d1 2 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 3n – 3
a b c
b c c a a b 5n 21

1 b a 1 c b
d1 d 1 1 1
c a b a b c
nd
AP be a
b–a (b – a)(b a)
d1 n
c ab [2a (n – 1)d1 ]
2 1 3n – 3
c–b (c – b)(c b) 1 1 1 n 5n 21
d (b – a) [2a (n – 1)d1 ]
a bc c a b 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 (n – 1)
(b – a) (c – b) a1 d1
c a b c a b 2 3n – 3
(n – 1)d2 5n 21
n
d1 a2
2
a1 23d1
a2 23d2

a1 23d1 3(47) – 3 138 69

a2 23d2 5(47) 21 256 128

p q
[2a (p q – 1)d]
2

x–y
p–q
n (p – 1)(x – y)
2 p–q
(66)
(px – py – x y) –qx py x – y
2 x–
p–q p–q

n 28 p q 2x – 2y – 2qx 2py (p q – 1)(x – y)

[a l] S
2 2 2 p–q
 M a them a ti cs | 3.51

p q x – y – qx py px – qy 4sn 3n – 2 15 (5n–1 – 1)
2 p–q 5 5n 4 5n

p q (p – q) (x – y) p q x–y 5 (3n – 2) 75 1 1
(x y) x y Sn –
2 (p – q) p–q 2 p–q 4 4.5 n–1 16 5 5n

5 4 15 3 –(3n – 2)
n–2
4 4 16 16 5 4 5n–1
2 1 1 2ac
b a c a c 35 3 –(3n – 2)
–
2a1c1 16 16(5n–2 ) 4(5n–1 )
1 1
a1 c1
2ac Sol 11:
(a b)(b c) 2ac 2ac
a c a 2
ab c 2
bc 2
a c 2
b(a c)
b c a b
c
2ac
a2 c2 (2ac)
2ce
2ac b c e
1
(a c)(a c) a c
2a1c1
(2b – 2)2
1
a1 c1 b

(2b – 2)2 2 (2b – 2)18

4 7 10
b (2b – 2) 18
5 52 53
36b
2b 16
1 4 10 1 (n – 1)3
7
Sn
0 5 3 5n–1 b b
5 52 5
Sn 1 4 7 10 1 (n – 1)3
5 5 5.5 5.52
5.53
5n

3 3 3 3n – 2
5 52
5 3
5n
Sol 12: Sn
(3n – 2) 1 1 1
3 ... n
n
5 5 2
5 5 n–2

1 n n n
1 n–1
n n
(3n – 2) 1 5 2
3. n(n 1) (n)(n 1)(2n 1) n(n 1)
n
5 5 1 3 2
1– 2 6 2
5

n(n 1) n(n 1) 3(2n 1)

3n – 2 3 (5n–1 – 1) 5 2
2 2 3
5 n 5 5n–1 4
3 . 5 2 | Sequences and Series

n(n 1) n2 n 4n 2 4
2 2
2 2
n(n 1) n(n 1)(n 2)(n 3) 21 (21 1) (10)(10 1)
24
4 4 2 2

Sol 13: Sn

1
Sn

(n 1) n
2n
2 n n
n n
2
n(n 1) n(n 1) n(n 1)(2n 1)
(2n – 1)(2n – 1 1)(4n – 2 1) 4 4
2 2 6
6
{1
n(n 1) 2
2 3
(2n – 1)n(4n – 1)
3 1 4n 2
n(n 1) n2 n
(n – 1)n(2n – 1) 2 3 3
22
6
7n 7
(2n – 1)(n)(4n – 1) n(n 1) n2
3 6
3
22 (n – 1)n(2n – 1) 7 7
S 202 20
6 3 6
n
420
3 2400 280 7
6
n
3
4n2 – 1 n n
3 3

2ab c
Sol 14:
a b
ab 2a 2b

a b
and ab
2
a
a
 M a them a ti cs | 3.53

Sol 21:
1 1 1
a b c

n n
2(120) (n – 1)5 5n 235
2 2

a b c 3
3 1 1 1
a b c n
a b c 3
3 1 1 1
a b c

1 1 1 Sol 22:
a b c
2
b
3

1 1 2
(b c)
1
3
A1
G1 G
7b 3 7b 3
5 5
H1H2 ab 3b 2 (3b 2)(7b 3)
H1 H2 a b b
5 25

H1H2 G1G2
H1 H2 A1 A2

G1G2 A1 A2
H1H2 H1 H2

1 2 3 24 25
Sol 23:
–b 10 m
a 5m 5m

100 101
2
x99 5050
x981 2 1 3 .... 1 100 2 3 2 4
1 2 1 3 .... 1 100 2 3 2 4 .... 99 100 26 27
–1
2
.... 99 100
1 2
1 2 .... 100 12 22 1002
2
1 2
5050 338350
2
3 . 5 4 | Sequences and Series

Sol 24: 1 1 1 1
n(n – 1) 2 2 HM1 HM9 3
2 1 1 –1
n 2 3 60
Sn
2 60
n n n
30 – n
2 2
6 n 6
H 10 60
n n
1 1 1 1 1
10 10
1 1 1 1 1

a1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1

1
a1r1 – ar (a1 – a)r
x y z 3
a1 – a (a1 – a) 3 1 1 1
x y z

1 1 1 1 1 1
a1a2 a2a3 anan 1 x y z

1 a2 – a1 a3 – a2 0
...
a2 – a1 a1a2 a2a3

As a 1 n

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 m
– – ... – M
a2 – a1 a1 a2 a2 a3 an an 1 2

1 1 1 an 1 – a1
–
a2 – a1 a1 an 1 (a2 – a1 )a1an 1

nd n
d(a1an 1 ) a1an 1

n n
a1an 1 a1 (a1 nd)

n 1
lim S lim lim
n n a1 (a1 nd) n a a1d
a1 d 1
n

n n

1
m
10 M
2
n
AMn
10
 M a them a ti cs | 3.55

n
S
2
s1 2a (n – 1)d
s2 2a 2nd (n – 1)d
2ac
d
a c 2 (n – 1)
a
2ac 2ac d
a c 2 (3n – 1)
b a b c a c a c a
b–a b–c 2ac 2ac
–c –c d d
a c a c s
a a
3ac a2 3ac c2 3c a (3a c) d
ac – a 2
ac – c 2 c–a a–c a
a
3c a (3a c) 2c – 2a
d
c–a c–a c–a

1 1 1 1 a 1
Sol 2: (A)
1 1 2 1 2 3 3 d 2
2 1 1
2 –
n
n(n 1) n
n n 1
5
1 1 1 1 1 1
Sn – – ... 5x
n
1 2 2 3 3 5 1
t t2
5 1
5t t2
Sol 3: (C) t t2
• • • • • • • 2 2
a

S11
11 19
2 2
n(n 1) a –29
n
2 d 2
30 29d
S 30 a
2 2

Sol 4: (D) S
S1 S1 s 1

S1 ds 1

10 15
[2t1 14dt ]
100 2 1 s
2
[1 100]
2
s 1 s s

n ds 19
S1
2 dt 8
3 . 5 6 | Sequences and Series

1 1 1 1 1 1
( ...)
d a1 a2 a2 a3 a1d
0

0
a
0

a2 (1 r r 2 )2 441
2
a (1 r 2
r )4 189

(1 r r 2 )(1 r r 2 ) 441 b c d
(1 r r )(1 – r r ) 2 2 189 a b c

1 Sol 2: (C)
2
1 3 7 15
(2n – 1) ....
3 n 2 4 8 16
n
2–1
1 1 1 1
1– 1– 1– 1– ....
2 4 8 16
n 1
Sol 11: (C) 4 1 1 1
n 1n 4 4 n– .... nterms
n n2 2
4–4 2 4 8
n
1 1
1 1 1– n
2 2
2
2 2 2 n– n 2–n – 1
n n –4 n n –2 n 2 1
n n n 1–
2
n
2
(n 2 – 2n)(n2 2n 2)

1 1 1
–
4 2
n – 2n 2 n 2
2n 2
1 1
1 1 1
– 1 lnx A
4n 1 (n 1)2 1 (n 1)2 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 3 1 ln y 1 lnx lnr A D
1 –
4 2 n 1 (n 1)2 1 (n 1)2 1 8
1 1 1
and
1 lnz 1 lnx 2lnr A 2D
Sol 12: (D)
1 1 1
, ,
1 lnx 1 ln y 1 lnz
2lna 3lna
1 – 2lna 1 – lna Sol 4: (A)

(a b) (c d)
(a b)(c d)
2
M 1
 M a them a ti cs | 3.57

1 S

n n

n
n n
a b c d
, , ,
abcd abcd abcd abcd n
2
4c n(n 1)(2n 1)
1 1 1 1 nc2 – 2c2n(n 1)
, , , 6
bcd cda abd abc
2c2n(n 1)(2n 1) 3nc2 – 6c2n(n 1)
3
nc2 (4n2 6n 2 3 – 6n – 6) nc2 (4n2 – 1)
3 3

3
2
3 3 1
3A A
2 2 2
1 1 1 ar 2 (1 r)
– D, , D 4
2 2 2 a(r 1)
2 2
1 1 1
–D , , D
2 4 2

2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
–D D – D2 2 6 10 14
4 2 2 16 4 S 1 ....... ...(1)
3 32 33 34
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 6 10
– D2 D2 D S ....... ...(2)
4 4 2 2 3 3 32 33 34
1 1 1 1
a
2 2 2 2
1 1 4 4 4
1 1 S 1 1 .......
– 3 3 3
3 34 2 3
2 2
2 4 4 1 1
S 1 ......
3 3 32 3 32

a 2 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 2 6
, |r | 1 S
S 1–r 3 3 3 2 1 3 32 2 3 3 2
1
, |r | 1 3
x 2 6
S 5 S S 3
1–r 3 3
x 5–x n
1–r r
5 5 M
2
5–x
–1 1
5 1
n 4
r
3 . 5 8 | Sequences and Series

1 1 3
n 4 n 2 n 4
G1 G2 G3

G14 2G24 G34

4 n 4 n2 4 n3
2
2 3

3
n 2 2n2 n3
2 4 16 4
n ( 2n n2 ) r 2 3
2
2
n ( n)
4m n 2 r 2 3
2 3
n2 (n 1)2
Tn 4
n2
1
Tn (n 1)2
4
1 2
Tn [n 2n 1]
4
n
Sn Tn
n 1
100
1 n(n 1)(2n 1)
Sn n(n 1) n
4 6
n 9
1 9 10 19 1 384 x R
S9 9 10 9 [285 90 9] 96
4 6 4 4

Sol 13: (A)

12 4
r
9 3

Sol 14: (A)

a b c
a ,b 2 ,c 3
8
2
12
2
16
2
20
2
24
2 1 2 3
.......
5 5 5 5 5

82 122 162 202 242 7 77 777

...... .......
52 52 52 52 52 10 100 103
10
(4n 4)2 1 16 10 2
Tn Sn 16(n 1)2 (n 2n 1) 7
1
11 111
....... up to 20 terms
52 52 n 1 25 n 1 10
100 103
16 10 11 21 2 10 11 16 16 7 9 99 999
10 505 m m 101 ....... up to 20 terms
25 6 2 25 5 9 10 100 1000
 M a them a ti cs | 3.59

7 1 1 1 G2
1 1 1 ....... up to 20 terms
9 10 102 103 AM

20
1 1
1
7 10 10 7 1 1
20
20 20 1
9 1 9 9 10
1
10

20
7 179 1 1 7 20
179 (10)
9 9 9 10 81

Sol 21: (A)

Sol 2: 10

1 2y 1 x z 1 1 1
tan tan 9d
1 y 2 1 xz H10 H1 21
x z x z 1 1 1
1 y 2 1 xz H10 H1 10
11 1
210 210
1 9 10
H1 210 210
JEE Advanced/Boards 1 1
H1 210
1 1 1 209 210
H210 H1 210 210 210
Sol 1:
2ab ab Sol 3:
a b 2
a b
ab
2

3ab
2 –1 5
2
–1 – 5
2
–1 5
2
a b 2ab sin2 2x 4 sin2 x cos2 x
ab
2 a b sinx sinx
3 . 6 0 | Sequences and Series

a2
a
1 – r2
1 cos2x
2 1 – cos2 2x a1
2 1 1 1

(6 – 2 5) 5 –1 1 1 1
2 1– 1
4 2 1

a1 1 1 1
5 1 5 1 4
2 . 2. 2
2 2 4 1 1 1

1 1

Sol 4: 1 1

1 5
2ce 1
4
c e
1 5
1
2bre br 2 4
br e 2–r 1 5
1
4
1 1 5 1 5
a1 1 1 1
4 4
(2b – a)2 c2 b2r 2 br 2
a a b(2 – r) 2–r 3 5 1 5 5 1 m n
4 4 8 p

99
5100
n
n 1 25 5100
5100
1
52 5100

5100 5100 52
52 99
5100 5200 52 5100
1
5100
52
1 n

5100 1
100 100
5 5

1
2 2

1 1

3 3
1 1 1
1
a1
a1 1
1 – r1 9b1
a1
 M a them a ti cs | 3.61

b1 127 S
a1 r r n–1

1 1 63.5
3 1– r – 31.5
r r

3
1 127
3 3 r

1
1
s 1
r n–1 2
1
3
3
b 3 1
a 3
an n

a 1

a 1

a 1

an 1
S 98
r a1
S 2 1
S
a1
r rn–1 1

s s a
Sn
r r n–2
1 1 1
s s 49
r2 rn–1 2 1 1

S
r
S 343
Sol 11:
rn–1 55

S
n–1
r
b–a
S S 1 4
1–
r rn r

s 63.5
r n r
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
63.5 S d –
x a b a 4 b a
r rn
1 1
1
S 1– y a
rn–1
1 1 1
1–
r z a
3 . 6 2 | Sequences and Series

1 1 1 1 55 Sol 13:
dH 2dH 3dH
xyz a a a 343
c b a

a c

b–a (b – a)2 (b – a)3 loga b logc a

a a a d
4 4 4 2

loga ac logc a
(3a b)(2a 2b)(a 3b)
64 2
1 3 loga c
4
3 1 1 1 1 3 55 a
4a 4b 2a 2b 4a 4b 343
1 3 4 13
d
(3b a)(2b 2a)(b 3a) 55 4 4
64a2b2ab 343
Sol 14:
ab

a ar 2 5
2ar 3

2b 4 5
2ar 3
3
Sol 12:
5
9
c 25
10
54
a
10
27
ab b
10
b
2

b S1–11 1
Sn–10–n 8
S10–n
S n–8 –n
–3 –3.6
2 10 r11 – 1 rn–9 – 1
9
S a S ar
12
r –1 r –1
5 r11 – 1 rn–9 – 1
–3 S ar n–11
s a
5 r –1 r –1
–3 –3
2 5
3 1 1
C 12 9
10 5 2 10 r n–11 8
 M a them a ti cs | 3.63

1
29

n–11
2 9

Sn n n
1 sin sin2 cos2
n
Sn 1 – cos 1 – cos 1 – cos
2
1
1 – cos
n
1
Sn n n (1 – sin cos )(1 – cos )
S1 1 1 1

1 1 1 2 2
S 1–
1
2 1 2 2 –1
4 1–
2
S 1

1
2 tan –x tan tan x
12 12 12

2 –1 2– 2 4– 2
2 2 4 4 tan2 tan –x tan x
12 12 12

sin x sin –x cos2x – cos

12 12 6 tan2
12
cos x cos –x cos2x cos
12 12 6
a a
r r2 cos tan2 cos cos tan2 1
6 12 6 6 12
10a a a 10a a
r 2 2 r 1 – tan2 1 tan2
r r 12 12
99a a
r2 r2 sin2 cos2
12 12 3 1
cos
100 a 4 10b c 6 2
cos2 sin2 cos
2a a 12 12 6
r r2
2a 3 2
1
r 2 3
2a a a
r r r2
a
a–6 /2
2 O
a a
a–6 a–8
3 . 6 4 | Sequences and Series

1 1002 100 5050

99 2 10101 10101
[2 98 ]
2

Sol 4: (A)

r
a

a/2

Sol 1: (A)
nd a
1
2 2
a 1
2 2 2
n–1 1–n
n–1
a 1 1 2 2
360
1 m a r r2
Sol 2: (D) 2 2 2
k 1 k k 1 (k 1) k n

360 1 k 1– k
1
k 1 k 1 k k k 1 k 1– k

360
k 1– k
k 1 k 1 k
360
1 1
–
k 1 k k 1
360
1 1 1 1 1 a b c
Tk
k 1 1 2 2 3 361 3
1 18 m
19 19 n

100
k k
1 1 1 1 1 1
4 2 (k 2
1)2 – k 2 10
k 1k k 1 a 2 3
b b 5 1 1 1
k
2
(k 1 k)(k 2 1– k)

k 1 1
2k k 2 k 1 k 2 – k 1
a1 1 100 100
1 1 1 a1
– a 1 b
2 k –k 1 k k 1
2 2
da b
1 1 1 1 1 1 da
– – ...
2 1 3 3 7 100 100 1
2
 M a them a ti cs | 3.65

n n 1 a 1 a2
r
1 1 a 1 1
a

1
1 1 r 1
r

100 100 1
r 1 p q 0
(ar br ) (100) r
r 1 r 1
1
r 1
r
3
1
2sin(x – y)sin(x y)
r
sin(x – y) sin(x y)

1
r

y
2
2 a 2b
2b 3c
3c
a
a1

4b2 3c
9c 2 2b
b 3 3c
c 2 2
3b 9c
2 4
15c
4
–3 13c 3c
2 4 2
9 –27 5c 9c
2 2 2 4
–3 9 27 27 –21
2 2 2 2 2

a
r
a
r
3 . 6 6 | Sequences and Series

n 1
1
an 10 1
1 2
2(n–1)
1
1
an2 100
2
100
1 an2 1given
n–1
2

1 100
a

a k 1
k! 1
Sol 3: (4)
1 (k – 1)!
1–
k

1 1 100
a – | (k 2 – 3k 1)Sk |
(k – 3)! (k – 1)! k 1
1
1 1 1002
1 1 2– 4–
99! 98! 100!

1002 100
| (k 2 – 3k 1)Sk | 4
100! k 1

a
n
a1
x y 11

n
2
a12 + a22 +.... + a11
2
11a2 +35×11d2 +10ad
= = 90
xy 11 11

2xy
n
x y
9
b b –
7
27 9
–
2 7
a1 a2 ..... a11 11
n
[30 – 10 3] 0
11 2
n

n a1 100
an
an 2an 1 an 1
p
2 a1 a1 , 1 p 100
i 1
1
5n
1/ 2 6 5n 1d
n–1
Sm S5n 2
1 Sn Sn n
an a1 6 d nd
2 2
 M a them a ti cs | 3.67

a1
a
a Q
Q

a b 2ab n
1 1
A1 ;G1 ab ;H1 Sn lim Sn lim
3 a b
1 n 1 k / n (k / n)
n n 2
k
An–1 Hn–1 1 dx
An ,Gn An–1Hn–1 ,
2 0
1 x x2 3 3
2An–1Hn–1
Hn n 1 n
An–1 Hn–1 as h 1
Tn f(kh) f(x)dx h f(kh)
3 3 k 0
0
k 1
1 ab

A 1 1
and A1 1
Sol 13: (C) b1 1 1 1
b
A1 1
1

A and A 1

A
Sol 14: (C) n

A1 tn2 c2 (4n2 4n 1)

n
4n(n 1)(2n 1) 4n(n 1)
1 1 tn2 c2 n
n 1 6 2
1

r 1 3 2 c2n
[2r (r – 1)(2r – 1)] (2r – r r) 4(n 1)(2n 1) 12(n 1) 6
2 2 6
1 c2n c2
Vr [2 r 3 – r 2 r] 4n2 6n 2 6n 6 3 n(4n2 1)
2
3 3
2
1 n(n 1) n(n 1)(2n 1) n(n 1)
2 – 100
2 2 6 2
(k 2 3k 1)Sk
k 2
n(n 1)
[3n(n 1) – (2n 1) 3]
12
1
n(n 1)(3n2 n 2) 100
k 1 k 1 1
12
k 3 (k 2)! (k 1)!
1 1
[(r 1)2 – r 2 ] (1) 100
2 2 1 1 1 1
k 3 (k 3)! (k 2)! (k 2)! (k 1)!

100
1 1
k 3 (k 3)! (k 1)!
3 . 6 8 | Sequences and Series

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (n 1)
S 1 1 ((4r 4)2 (4r 3)2 (4r 2)2 (4r 1)2 )
2! 1! 3! 2! 4! 3! 5! 4! 6! r 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
.... (n 1) (n 1)
94! 96! 95! 97! 96! 98! 97! 99! (32r 20)
(2(8r 6) 2(8r 4))
1 1 r 0 r 0
2
98! 99!
1056 for n 8
1002 1 1 1332 for n 9
E 3
100! 98! 99.98!
b c
1002 100 1002 100 (int eger)
3 3 3 a b
100! 99! 100.99! 99!
b2
b2 ac c
a a1 a
11
a b c
a12 a22 2
.... a11 11a2 35 11d2 10ad b 2
90 3
11 11
a b c 3b 6 a 2b c 6

b2 2b b2 6
a 2b 6 1
27 a a a 2 a
2 2
b 6
a1 a2 .... a11 11 1 a 6only
30 10 3 0 a a
11 2

n n
S7 6
a 15d
1 1 1 1 S11 11
7
n 0 n 0 1 7

1 1 1
,.......................... (20th term) b2
5 25 2 b1
b1
1 1 1 4 4
19d d
25 5 19 25 19 25 1 1 1 1

1
an 0
51 51 51
(a a ) (b b ) b (1 250 )
1 4 2 1 51 2 1 2 2 1
(n 1) 0
5 19 25 51 53
S t b1 51 249 251 1 b1 249 47 S t
19 5 2 2
n 1
4
n 24.75 b101 b1
100

4n k(k 1) a101 1 1 1
Sn ( 1) 2 k2
1 1 1 1
k 1
101 101