Test Bank for Biochemistry 5th Edition by Garrett Grisham

ISBN 1133106293 9781133106296

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Chapter 2--The Brain: An Overview of Structure and Function

Student:

1. Evolutionary structures within the are the most primitive.

A. hindbrain
B. thalamus
C. forebrain
D. midbrain
E. cerebral cortex
2. This structure transmits information from the spinal cord to the brain, and regulates life support
functions such as respiration.

A. hypothalamus
B. medulla oblongata
C. pons
D. cerebellum
E. hippocampus
3. Which is NOT a function of the pons?

A. acting as a neural relay center

B. facilitating the crossover of information between the left side of the body and the right side of the
brain
C. processing visual and auditory information
D. regulating homeostatic behaviors
E. balance
4. Muscle activity is coordinated in the primitive brain structure called the

A. pons
B. cerebellum
C. thalamus
D. hypothalamus
E. medulla oblongata
5. Many of the structures of the are involved in relaying information between other brain regions.

Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-biochemistry-5th-edition-garrett

A. midbrain
B. forebrain
C. hindbrain
D. cerebral cortex
E. none of the above

2
 6. The thalamus, hypothalamus, and hippocampus are all structures of the

A. hindbrain
B. forebrain
C. midbrain
D. medulla
E. spinal cord
7. The function of the thalamus is to

A. coordinate muscle activity

B. relay information
C. regulate hormones
D. regulate emotional reactions
E. form memories
8. Which of the following controls the pituitary gland by releasing hormones?

A. thalamus
B. medulla
C. hypothalamus
D. pons
E. none of the above
9. Which of the following is NOT regulated by the hypothalamus?

A. memory formation
B. temperature
C. eating and drinking
D. sexual behavior
E. sleeping
10. Which of these structures is involved in the formation of long term memories?

A. thalamus
B. hypothalamus
C. hippocampus
D. pons
E. amygdala

11. Which of these structures modulates the strength of emotional memories and is involved in emotional
learning?

A. thalamus
B. hypothalamus
C. hippocampus
D. pons
E. amygdala

Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-biochemistry-5th-edition-garrett

 12. The part of the cerebral cortex at the back of the head is called the lobe.

A. frontal
B. parietal
C. occipital
D. temporal
E. superior

13. The left and right hemispheres of the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes are connected by the

A. medulla oblongata
B. anterior commissure
C. corpus callosum
D. amygdala
E. superior colliculi
14. A structure known as the divides the frontal and parietal lobes.

A. central sulcus
B. anterior commissure
C. corpus callosum
D. lateral sulcus
E. amygdala
15. The lobes are involved in the processing of sensory information from the body, such as pain,
pressure, touch, and temperature.

A. occipital
B. temporal
C. frontal
D. prefrontal
E. anterior
16. Damage to the occipital lobe could result in difficulty processing

A. auditory information
B. memory
C. sensations of pain
D. visual information
E. sensations of temperature
17. Which of the following is NOT a region of the frontal lobes?

A. motor cortex
B. prefrontal cortex
C. premotor cortex
D. postcentral gyrus
E. none of the above

Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-biochemistry-5th-edition-garrett

 18. The is involved in the planning of fine motor movements.

A. premotor cortex
B. motor cortex
C. prefrontal cortex
D. frontal cortex
E. all of the above
19. "Executive functioning" involves which of the following?

A. planning
B. making decisions
C. using working memory
D. inhibiting inappropriate behavior
E. all of the above
20. Who originated the idea of localization of function?

A. Franz Gall
B. William James
C. Wilhelm Wundt
D. Paul Broca
E. Sigmund Freud
21. The idea that different mental abilities, such as reading and arithmetic, are independent functions carried
out by different parts of the brain:

A. faculty psychology
B. Gestalt psychology
C. functionalism
D. structuralism
E. phrenology
22. The major problem with phrenology was the assumption that

A. different parts of the brain controlled different functions.

B. the size of a portion of the brain corresponded to its relative power.
C. different faculties were absolutely independent.
D. both (b) and (c)
E. all of the above
23. Disruption of language abilities is referred to as

A. aphasia
B. deafness
C. prosopagnosia
D. somatosensory deficit
E. epilepsy

Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-biochemistry-5th-edition-garrett

 24. Injury to Broca's area results in an inability to

A. produce language fluently

B. understand spoken language
C. understand written language
D. write
E. both (b) and (c)
25. Patients with Wernicke's aphasia are often unable to

A. produce speech
B. speak with fluent rhythm
C. understand speech
D. modulate pitch when speaking
E. all of the above
26. The primary somatosensory cortex is organized such that

A. each part receives information from a specific part of the body

B. the total amount of "brain real estate" devoted to a particular body part is proportional to the sizeof
that body part
C. more sensitive parts of the body have correspondingly larger areas of the brain associated with them
D. both (a) and (c) above
E. all of the above
27. Lashley's studies of ablation in rats suggested that maze running was related to

A. the total amount of cortex removed

B. the particular part of the cortex removed
C. the rat's age at the time of cortex removal
D. both (a) and (b)
E. All of the above
28. Around 95% of all human beings show a specialization for language in the

A. left hemisphere
B. right hemisphere
C. frontal lobe
D. temporal lobe
E. occipital lobe
29. Which of the following is associated primarily with the left hemisphere?

A. working on geometric puzzles

B. language processing
C. musical ability
D. navigating around familiar spaces
E. drawing sketches

Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-biochemistry-5th-edition-garrett

 30. A technique in which a highly focused beam of X rays is passed through the body from many different
angles, allowing visualization of an organ such as the brain:

A. MRI
B. CAT scan
C. PET scan
D. fMRI
E. EEG
31. CAT scans are usually used to

A. pinpoint areas of brain damage

B. measure cerebral blood flow
C. track areas of brain activity while performing a particular task
D. detect different states of consciousness
E. measure the electrical activity of a single brain cell
32. An advantage of MRI as compared to CAT scans:

A. MRI provides information about neuroanatomy

B. MRI requires no exposure to radiation
C. MRI often permits clearer pictures
D. MRI can be used on people who have pacemakers
E. both b and c

33. Which of the following neuropsychological methods provide(s) information about the amount of
dynamic blood flow to various regions of the brain?

A. CAT scans
B. MRI
C. PET scans
D. fMRI
E. both c and d
34. Which of the following can detect different states of consciousness?

A. CAT
B. MRI
C. EEG
D. ERP
E. SPECT
35. To measure an area of the brain's response to a specific event, we use

A. CAT
B. MRI
C. EEG
D. ERP
E. PET

Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-biochemistry-5th-edition-garrett

 36. The is an area of the hindbrain that transmits information from the spinal cord
to the brain.

37. The facilitates the crossover of information from the right side of the body and
the left side of the brain, and vice versa.

38. The is one of the most primitive brain structures, and contains neurons that
coordinate muscle activity and balance.

39. The contains structures that are involved in relaying information betweenother
brain regions, and also keep us awake and alert.

40. The controls the pituitary gland by releasing hormones.

41. The controls homeostatic behaviors such as eating, drinking, sleeping, and
sexual behaviors.

42. Modulation of the strength of emotional memories is accomplishedby the .

43. The lobe of the cerebral cortex is located underneath the forehead.

44. The lobes are located on the sides of the head.

45. A structure known as the divides the frontal and parietal lobes.

46. The cortex directs fine motor movement.

Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-biochemistry-5th-edition-garrett

 47. The cortex or lobe is involved in executive functioning.

48. Franz Gall believed in psychology, the idea that different mental abilities are
independent and carried out in different parts of the brain.

49. is a now-discredited idea that psychological strengths and weaknesses could be

precisely correlated to the relative sizes of different brain regions.

50. Disruption of language ability is referred to as .

51. Patients with 's aphasia can produce speech, but it often makes no sense, and
they have difficulty understanding spoken language.

52. Neuropsychologists have mapped out an area of the brain in the parietal lobe, located just behind the
motor cortex, called the .

53. Removal of parts of the brain is known as .

54. Some brain regions can adapt to take over functions of damaged regions; this ability is known as
and is more prominent in younger patients.

55. The left and right hemispheres are connected by a large neural structure known as the
.

56. Since the 1970s, various techniques of have allowed us to construct pictures of
the anatomy and functioning of intact brains.

Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-biochemistry-5th-edition-garrett

 57. is a technique for providing information about neuroanatomy without requiring
exposure to radiation.

58. A functional brain imaging technique that involves injecting a radioactively-labelled compound,
allowing measurement of blood flow to different parts of the brain: .

59. is used to detect different states of consciousness.

60. An electrical recording technique called measures an area of the brain's

response to a specific event.

Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-biochemistry-5th-edition-garrett

 Chapter 2--The Brain: An Overview of Structure and Function
Key
1. Evolutionary structures within the are the most primitive.

A. hindbrain
B. thalamus
C. forebrain
D. midbrain
E. cerebral cortex

2. This structure transmits information from the spinal cord to the brain, and regulates life support
functions such as respiration.

A. hypothalamus
B. medulla oblongata
C. pons
D. cerebellum
E. hippocampus
3. Which is NOT a function of the pons?

A. acting as a neural relay center

B. facilitating the crossover of information between the left side of the body and the right side of the
brain
C. processing visual and auditory information
D. regulating homeostatic behaviors
E. balance
4. Muscle activity is coordinated in the primitive brain structure called the

A. pons
B. cerebellum
C. thalamus
D. hypothalamus
E. medulla oblongata
5. Many of the structures of the are involved in relaying information between other brain regions.

A. midbrain
B. forebrain
C. hindbrain
D. cerebral cortex
E. none of the above

Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-biochemistry-5th-edition-garrett

 6. The thalamus, hypothalamus, and hippocampus are all structures of the

A. hindbrain
B. forebrain
C. midbrain
D. medulla
E. spinal cord
7. The function of the thalamus is to

A. coordinate muscle activity

B. relay information
C. regulate hormones
D. regulate emotional reactions
E. form memories
8. Which of the following controls the pituitary gland by releasing hormones?

A. thalamus
B. medulla
C. hypothalamus
D. pons
E. none of the above
9. Which of the following is NOT regulated by the hypothalamus?

A. memory formation
B. temperature
C. eating and drinking
D. sexual behavior
E. sleeping
10. Which of these structures is involved in the formation of long term memories?

A. thalamus
B. hypothalamus
C. hippocampus
D. pons
E. amygdala

11. Which of these structures modulates the strength of emotional memories and is involved in emotional
learning?

A. thalamus
B. hypothalamus
C. hippocampus
D. pons
E. amygdala

Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-biochemistry-5th-edition-garrett

 12. The part of the cerebral cortex at the back of the head is called the lobe.

A. frontal
B. parietal
C. occipital
D. temporal
E. superior

13. The left and right hemispheres of the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes are connected by the

A. medulla oblongata
B. anterior commissure
C. corpus callosum
D. amygdala
E. superior colliculi
14. A structure known as the divides the frontal and parietal lobes.

A. central sulcus
B. anterior commissure
C. corpus callosum
D. lateral sulcus
E. amygdala
15. The lobes are involved in the processing of sensory information from the body, such as pain,
pressure, touch, and temperature.

A. occipital
B. temporal
C. frontal
D. prefrontal
E. anterior
16. Damage to the occipital lobe could result in difficulty processing

A. auditory information
B. memory
C. sensations of pain
D. visual information
E. sensations of temperature
17. Which of the following is NOT a region of the frontal lobes?

A. motor cortex
B. prefrontal cortex
C. premotor cortex
D. postcentral gyrus
E. none of the above

Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-biochemistry-5th-edition-garrett

 18. The is involved in the planning of fine motor movements.

A. premotor cortex
B. motor cortex
C. prefrontal cortex
D. frontal cortex
E. all of the above
19. "Executive functioning" involves which of the following?

A. planning
B. making decisions
C. using working memory
D. inhibiting inappropriate behavior
E. all of the above
20. Who originated the idea of localization of function?

A. Franz Gall
B. William James
C. Wilhelm Wundt
D. Paul Broca
E. Sigmund Freud
21. The idea that different mental abilities, such as reading and arithmetic, are independent functions
carried out by different parts of the brain:

A. faculty psychology
B. Gestalt psychology
C. functionalism
D. structuralism
E. phrenology
22. The major problem with phrenology was the assumption that

A. different parts of the brain controlled different functions.

B. the size of a portion of the brain corresponded to its relative power.
C. different faculties were absolutely independent.
D. both (b) and (c)
E. all of the above
23. Disruption of language abilities is referred to as

A. aphasia
B. deafness
C. prosopagnosia
D. somatosensory deficit
E. epilepsy

Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-biochemistry-5th-edition-garrett

 24. Injury to Broca's area results in an inability to

A. produce language fluently

B. understand spoken language
C. understand written language
D. write
E. both (b) and (c)
25. Patients with Wernicke's aphasia are often unable to

A. produce speech
B. speak with fluent rhythm
C. understand speech
D. modulate pitch when speaking
E. all of the above
26. The primary somatosensory cortex is organized such that

A. each part receives information from a specific part of the body

B. the total amount of "brain real estate" devoted to a particular body part is proportional to thesize
of that body part
C. more sensitive parts of the body have correspondingly larger areas of the brain associated with
them
D. both (a) and (c) above
E. all of the above
27. Lashley's studies of ablation in rats suggested that maze running was related to

A. the total amount of cortex removed

B. the particular part of the cortex removed
C. the rat's age at the time of cortex removal
D. both (a) and (b)
E. All of the above
28. Around 95% of all human beings show a specialization for language in the

A. left hemisphere
B. right hemisphere
C. frontal lobe
D. temporal lobe
E. occipital lobe
29. Which of the following is associated primarily with the left hemisphere?

A. working on geometric puzzles

B. language processing
C. musical ability
D. navigating around familiar spaces
E. drawing sketches

Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-biochemistry-5th-edition-garrett

 30. A technique in which a highly focused beam of X rays is passed through the body from many
different angles, allowing visualization of an organ such as the brain:

A. MRI
B. CAT scan
C. PET scan
D. fMRI
E. EEG
31. CAT scans are usually used to

A. pinpoint areas of brain damage

B. measure cerebral blood flow
C. track areas of brain activity while performing a particular task
D. detect different states of consciousness
E. measure the electrical activity of a single brain cell
32. An advantage of MRI as compared to CAT scans:

A. MRI provides information about neuroanatomy

B. MRI requires no exposure to radiation
C. MRI often permits clearer pictures
D. MRI can be used on people who have pacemakers
E. both b and c

33. Which of the following neuropsychological methods provide(s) information about the amount of
dynamic blood flow to various regions of the brain?

A. CAT scans
B. MRI
C. PET scans
D. fMRI
E. both c and d
34. Which of the following can detect different states of consciousness?

A. CAT
B. MRI
C. EEG
D. ERP
E. SPECT
35. To measure an area of the brain's response to a specific event, we use

A. CAT
B. MRI
C. EEG
D. ERP
E. PET

Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-biochemistry-5th-edition-garrett

 36. The is an area of the hindbrain that transmits information from thespinal
cord to the brain.

medulla oblongata

37. The facilitates the crossover of information from the right side of the body
and the left side of the brain, and vice versa.

pons
38. The is one of the most primitive brain structures, and contains neurons that
coordinate muscle activity and balance.

cerebellum

39. The contains structures that are involved in relaying informationbetween

other brain regions, and also keep us awake and alert.

midbrain
40. The controls the pituitary gland by releasing hormones.

hypothalamus

41. The controls homeostatic behaviors such as eating, drinking, sleeping, and
sexual behaviors.

hypothalamus
42. Modulation of the strength of emotional memories is accomplishedby the .

amygdala
43. The lobe of the cerebral cortex is located underneath the forehead.

frontal
44. The lobes are located on the sides of the head.

temporal
45. A structure known as the divides the frontal and parietal lobes.

central sulcus
46. The cortex directs fine motor movement.

motor

Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-biochemistry-5th-edition-garrett

 47. The cortex or lobe is involved in executive functioning.

prefrontal
48. Franz Gall believed in psychology, the idea that different mental abilities
are independent and carried out in different parts of the brain.

faculty

49. is a now-discredited idea that psychological strengths and weaknesses could

be precisely correlated to the relative sizes of different brain regions.

Phrenology
50. Disruption of language ability is referred to as .

aphasia
51. Patients with 's aphasia can produce speech, but it often makes no sense, and
they have difficulty understanding spoken language.

Wernicke

52. Neuropsychologists have mapped out an area of the brain in the parietal lobe, located just behind the
motor cortex, called the .

primary somatosensory cortex

53. Removal of parts of the brain is known as .

ablation
54. Some brain regions can adapt to take over functions of damaged regions; this ability is known as
and is more prominent in younger patients.

plasticity
55. The left and right hemispheres are connected by a large neural structure known as the
.

corpus callosum

56. Since the 1970s, various techniques of have allowed us to construct pictures
of the anatomy and functioning of intact brains.

brain imaging

Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-biochemistry-5th-edition-garrett

 57. is a technique for providing information about neuroanatomy without
requiring exposure to radiation.

MRI or
Magnetic resonance imaging
58. A functional brain imaging technique that involves injecting a radioactively-labelled compound,
allowing measurement of blood flow to different parts of the brain: .

PET or
Positron emission tomography
59. is used to detect different states of consciousness.

EEG or
Electroencephalography
60. An electrical recording technique called measures an area of the brain's
response to a specific event.

ERP or
Event-related potential

Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-biochemistry-5th-edition-garrett