I.

METHODOLOGY

This section explains various methodologies that were used in gathering data and analysis

which are relevant to the research. The methodologies will include areas such as the locale of the

study, unit of analysis and respondents, sampling design, data collection and instrumentation,

analytical techniques, and lastly, definition of terms.

A. Locale of the Study

The research study will be conducted at Central Luzon State University, Science City of

Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. Central Luzon State University (CLSU) is a state university on a 658-

hectare campus in Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. It is the lead agency of the Muñoz Science

Community and the seat of the Regional Research and Development Center in Central Luzon.

CLSU is composed of nine colleges which are the College of Agriculture, College

of Arts and Social Sciences, College of Business Administration and Accountancy, College of

Education, College of Engineering, College of Fisheries, College of Home Science and Industry,

College of Science, College of Veterinary Science and Medicine.

Specifically, this study aims to examine the demand for money of the students on the

College of Business Administration and Accountancy of Central Luzon State University in

different modes of learning: online and face-to-face. The researchers chooses College of

Business Administration and Accountancy because it is a business-focused academic

department, and money is a central topic within the field. The students in this college department

are likely to have a greater awareness of financial concepts compared to students in other

departments probably because of the courses it offers; financial management, accounting,

economics, etc.
B. Unit of Analysis & Respondents

The research's unit of analysis and proponent selected the College of Business

Administration and Accountancy students at Central Luzon State University as respondents,

preferring the freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors who had to switch from online to in-

person classes. A total of 200 students, 50 of whom represented each year level, were chosen as

responses by the proponent. In the study, stratified random sampling was used. The method often

separated the entire population into two or more strata. The sample items were chosen at random

for each stratum. Subgroups of the population had been created (group/strata).

C. Sampling Design

Stratified random sampling is the method that will be used to choose a representative

sample from a population of interest. The technique requires categorizing the populace into

subcategories, or strata, according to relevant characteristics for the research inquiry. Using a

random selection process, a proportionate random sample is drawn from each stratum based on

its size. Reducing potential bias, this ensures that the sample is representative of the population.

Researchers can achieve more accurate and reliable conclusions by analyzing the results of each

subgroup separately through population stratification.

The first step is to identify the population of College of Business Administration and

Accountancy students at Central Luzon State University who had to switch from online to in-

person classes. After the population identification, we will divide the population into strata based

on the year level: freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors. The next will be determining the

sample size for each college: 50 students per year level. Then we randomly select the required
number of students from each college using a random number generator or a table of random

numbers. Contact the selected students and ask them to participate in the study. If a student

declines to participate or cannot be reached, select another student from the same stratum using

the same random selection process. Repeat the latest steps until desired sample size is achieved

for each college. Combine the samples from each stratum to form the final sample for the study,

and as the last step, analyze the data and draw conclusions based on the findings.

D. Data Collection Method/s & Instrumentations

In this research study, the researcher will be using survey questionnaires. The written

questionnaire is a typically more efficient and practical and allows for the use of a large sample,

it is a set of systematic questions prepared to answer by a group of people designed to collect

facts and information that will be used in this study.

A structured questionnaire contains the question and the alternative answers. Unstructured

questionnaire does not include suggested answers (Ary, 18 2002:175). In this study, the

researcher used combination between structured and unstructured questionnaire since both of the

types facilitated the researcher and the respondents. In the structured questionnaire, the

researcher felt easier to analyze the result of questionnaire. In unstructured questionnaire, the

researcher facilities the respondents to give alternative answer in the blank columns that is

provident by the researcher.

The questionnaire will have four (4) parts. Part I is an unstructured questionnaire and will

ask for the socio-demographic profile of the respondents. The remaining part is a structured

questionnaire, which is Part II that will determine which sources students get their demand for

money, Part III will ask how students allocate their money, and in the last part, the researcher
will know the relationship between the shift in learning mode from online to face-to-face and the

students' demand for money. The structured questionnaire consisted of a set of statements to

which a respondent had to respond using a corresponding 4-point likert scale, with “4” indicated

strongly agree to “1” strongly disagree.

The data in this study came in the form of students' questionnaire responses. The following

actions were followed to collect the data:

1. Constructing the questionnaire, which included items relating to the research issue and

was divided into sections.

2. Permission is sought from the class representatives of each selected section to

disseminate the questionnaire to the students.

3. The questionnaire was sent to chosen students in the second semester of Central Luzon

State University. The researcher distributes surveys after class and allows respondents

adequate time to complete and return the questionnaires.

E. Analytical Technique/s

This study used a quantitative technique to collect data and analyze the results. According

to Malhotra (2007), quantitative research is "a research methodology that seeks to quantify the

data and typically employs some form of statistical analysis." This design was utilized by the

researcher to identify the goal of the study, which was to uncover how the respondents thought in

a certain way. It also prefers to accept closed-ended queries and delivers a predefined list of

respondents' responses.

To measure the variables, Frequency and Percentage are the methods used by the researcher

for the first part of the questionnaire. The researchers then, analyzed the interview that consists
of items with four indicators for the questionnaire. The respondents were asked to mark the

number 4 to 1 for each statement. The researcher has used 4-point likert scale. The likert scale is

designed to examined how strongly subjects agree or disagree with statement on a four-point

likert scale with the following anchors (Cavana et al., 2001).

To tabulate the data that had been described:

Point Scale Verbal Interpretation

4 3.25-4.00 Strongly Agree
3 2.50-3.24 Agree
2 1.75-2.49 Disagree
1 1.0-1.74 Strongly Disagree

To analyze the data by using the following formula:

X = ∑WF__

Where:

W = Points (4, 3, 2, 1)

F = Number of respondents per weight

N = Total number of respondents

F. Definition of Terms

For better understanding of the study, the following terms are defined operationally:

Allowance. It is the amount of something that is permitted, especially within a set of regulations
or for a specified purpose.

Compulsive Buying Tendencies. Defined as the lack of ability to control impulsive spending
and irrational purchasing decisions, are identified more in college students than in the general
population.

Demand for Money. Refers to the aggregate sum of cash individuals within an economy are
interested in possessing. It may differ according to the motive since it may be due to
precautionary, speculative, or transaction purposes.

Face-to-Face Learning. An instructional method where course content and learning material are
taught in person to a group of students. It is the most traditional type of learning instruction.

Family Income. The starting point for any student, and regardless of the current dependency on
parental finances, this background affects college student perspectives and behaviors regarding
money.

Financial Literacy. The ability to understand and effectively use various financial skills,
including personal financial management, budgeting, and investing.

Liquidity Preference. Refers to how much assets individuals wish to hold in the form of money
(as opposed to illiquid physical assets).

Lower Income Students. Students that have access to need-based financial assistance through
their schools, the government, and private funding.

Money. Anything that is generally accepted as a medium of exchange, a store of value, a

measure of value, and a means for the standard of deferred payment. It considers everything
that can be used for an accomplishment of a business transaction and settlement of the business
claims like currency notes, coins, cheques, etc. 

Money Spending. Individuals' spending habits that were influenced by their income, financial
aid, and living arrangements.

Money Management. A long process of budgeting, saving, investing, spending and seeing the
overall usage of cash.

Online Classes. Typically a mix of video recordings or live lectures supplemented with readings
and assessments that students can complete on their own time.

Precautionary Demand. An important determinant of the demand for money, and its
importance varies across different economic factors such as income uncertainty, interest rate, and
inflation rate.

Precautionary Motive. Traditionally defined as the part of the demand for money that does not
result from planned payments but from the uncertainty concerning the size of the payment that
will have to be made. It is the desire to hold cash or liquid assets to ensure financial stability and
security against unforeseen events or emergencies that may require immediate payment.

Precautionary Saving. The additional saving done by individuals to protect themselves

financially in situations of uncertainty and reduce their vulnerability to negative shocks that may
affect their consumption levels.

Speculative Demand. The desire to have money for transactions other than those necessary for
living, namely for investment and profitable purposes. It is also known on the demand for
money as ‘store of wealth.’

Speculative Motive. When people save money as a store of wealth, this is referred to as the
speculative motive.

Transaction Demand. The amount of money required for current transactions of companies
and individuals is known as transaction demand for money.

Transition. The process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another.
 Upper-Class Students. Students that have more financial resources to afford university costs.

DESCRIPTION
Deciding on a
research topic
Creating
Research Title
Consultation

Creating Outline
for I
Writing the
Introduction
Construction of
Review of
Related Literature
Consultation

Formulating the
Theoretical/Conc
eptual Framework
Determining the
Methodology to
be use
Consultation

Research Paper
Draft
Research
Proposal
Presentation
Submission of
Final Paper

WEEK 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1

MONTH February March April May June

II. WORKPLAN/ACTIVITY SCHEDULE
Table 1. Gantt chart of Work Plan/Activity Schedule