NBBS1104V2 1

BACHELOR OF NURSING SCIENCE WITH HONOURS (BNS)

JANUARI SEMESTER 2021

NBBS 1104_V2

MANAGEMENT AND MEDICO LEGAL STUDIES/

PENGURUSAN DAN PENGAJIAN PERUNDANGAN PERUBATAN

NO. MATRIKULASI : 890903105346001

NO. KAD PENGENALAN : 890903105346
NO. TELEFON : 011-16201270
E-MEL : [email protected]
PUSAT PEMBELAJARAN : OPEN UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA
PETALING JAYA
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Content:

1.0 Introduction Pg:3

2.0 Implenting SWOT analysis Pg:3-6

2.1 Planning

2.2 Organizing

2.3 Staffing

2.4 Directing

2.5 Controlling
3.0 Strengths and Weaknesses of a particular issue or challenge Pg:6-8
that should be evaluated at multiple levels

3.1 Strength

3.2 Weakness
4,0 Opportunities and Threats on environmental factors that may Pg:8-10
have an impact on the issue at hand
4.1 Opportunities

4.2 Threats
5.0 Conclusion Pg:10

6.0 References Pg:11

1.0 INTRODUCTION
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Over the years, healthcare organizations have been under increasing pressure to
provide safer services more effectively and cost-effectively while protecting patient
privacy and maintaining compliance with ever-changing legislation.The study of
SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) is an integral part of the
strategic planning process and should be constantly checked .The SWOT study
supports the business plan as a guide for staff to obtain advice on how to direct the
organization.Information obtained by a SWOT study to evaluate the proposed the
company's priorities, goals and plans and should be carried out on a minimum annual
basis.A major advantage of the SWOT process is that it allows an organization to be
proactive rather than reactive in its strategic plan.SWOT study involves an internal
and external scan of the surrounding environment to solve systemic change and set
practical expectations for the organization's future. The goal of this paper is to discuss
how the findings are applicable to the company and how the healthcare administrator
can be influenced by the SWOT analysis to set up a geriatric ward due to an increased
number of geriatric patients.

2.0 Implementing SWOT analysis.

The internal assessment allows the strategic planning team to include an honest
overview of the organization's strengths, resources, and abilities while conducting a
SWOT analysis. It is really important to look clearly and accurately at the good, bad
and awful throughout this process and decide how to make the best out of it.This
internal analysis considers a detailed source involving staff nurse, nurse manager,
patients and patient relatives.Strengths are the elements of the organization that
present its competitive advantage, while weaknesses will place the organization at a
disadvantage with its rivals if they can not be adequately corrected

Nurse managers, as first-line supervisors, are responsible for bringing about

improvements in the clinical setting. Increase numbers of geriatric patient in
Malaysia, nurse manager are responsible to setup a geriatric ward. Owing to demands
for rationalization, cost saving, advances in medical technology, and shorter hospital
stays, nurse managers' roles have recently become more critical than ever.In order to
setup a ward ,nurse manager frequently see their job in organization as role or
leadership positions. Although this management is a systemic approach at the most
basic level, consisting of a collection of five general functions planning, organizing,
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staffing, directing and controlling. These five tasks are part of a wider body of
expertise and ideas on how to handle effectively.

2.1 Planning

The planning process must include nurse managers and staff in the organization.The
key point is that nurse managers must manage and involve subordinates in the process
to promote the interaction and knowledge of staff. Organizational and individual
quality may have a positive effect on planning. Planning helps an organization to
understand and take advantage of potential opportunities and minimize the impact of
external threats. Planning is concerned with identifying priorities for the future course
of an organization and deciding the resources needed to achieve those
objectives.Think of it as the process of identifying suitable objectives and actions to
follow when you think of preparing in a management capacity, and then evaluating
what strategies to use, what actions to take, and deciding what resources are needed to
achieve the goals.

For Example, Nurse manager should encounter the ability of hospital to accommodate
surge in demand for geriatric ward. Develop strategies for expanding ward and bed
capacity in any area of hospital whereby they even can have stretchers in new spaces
or converting ward beds to emergency beds and other extra equipment in ward for
daily use in ward such as blood pressure monitor,infusion pump or oxygen tank
supplies.

2.2 Organizing

Determine what task are to be done, who is to do these, how the tasks are to be
grouped, who reports to whom and what decisions are to be made.Staff may work
together to accomplish organizational goals according to this phase of developing
worker relationships.As a process, it refers to the creation of a system that will ensure
that the activities to be carried out are separated and that these activities are arranged
in a context that demonstrates their hierarchical significance and functional
association.
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For example,To communicate their identified problem and chosen solution with staff,
nurse managers firstly approached an assistant nurse manager or senior nurses. Nurse
managers encouraged them to understand the need to change and deal with change
autonomously. Whereby nurse manager will organize the work and delegate the task
to their staff.

2.3 Staffing

During the most vulnerable periods of life, nurses are the primary source of treatment
for patients, so a shortage of nurses poses a significant risk. Staff turnover is costly and
expensive to hire, orient and train new nurses. Turnover is expensive because of the
resulting recruitment and orientation costs of hiring new staff to fill the vacancies.To
fulfil the nurse-patient ratio of 1:200 population, Malaysia needs another 100,000
nurses. As a result, we need to produce 8000 nurses each year to satisfy the demand,
and the attrition rate remains high year after year as nurses move to other countries in
search of better pay.

For Example, A shortage of nurses due to a combination of staff absences and

increased demand for service must be expected and prepared for, and the nurse
manager should reallocate nurse or recruit additional staff to deal with the
shortage.Establish a contingency or capacity increase plan for the shortage of nurses
and the growing number of eligible staff expected to meet the increased demand for
government hospitals.Therefore, nurse manager need to allocate nurses to the new
geriatric ward to enroll the new ward.

2.4 Directing

Is know as the act or issuing of orders,assignment and instruction to accomplish the

organization’s goal and objectives. It involves the process of getting the organization
work done. It entails explaining what it is to be done,to and by whom,at what time,how
and why the task should be done. Directing is a function of the management often
performed by top level management in order to achieve organizational goals.
However,its very important and necessary function of management. Directing consists
of the processes and techniques utilized in issuing instructions and making certain that
operations are carried as originally planned.
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For example, nurse manager need to ensure that hospitals and related facilities,such as
alternative care sites ,are properly staffed in terms of staffing numbers and necessary
competencies in order to provide high quality care and other hospital services. Nurse
manager need to ensure that hospital make the appropriate arrangement to obtain the
resources required to respond to the increased demands of an emergency.

2.5 Controlling

Assess how well you're accomplishing your objectives, improving your performance,
and taking action. Develop protocols to assist in the establishment of standards so that
their can measure, evaluate, and make decisions. For example,nurse managers
assessed change outcomes based on information such as formal data and staff nurses
attitude to nursing care and the ward atmosphere, gathered through micro and macro
perspectives.Nurse manager will analysis the action and procedures laid out in written
guideline,schedules,rules,records and budgets for the new geriatric ward .However a
quality control the nurse manager is concerned with measurement of the quality and
effects of nursing care in geriatric ward. Many quality management techniques are
referred during audits where manager nurse can monitor the outcome of the new
geriatric ward. On the other hand, when goals could not be achieved, nurse managers
reflected on the essence of the identified problem or the goal set. Their reflection
might contribute to successful changes in the future.

3.0 Strengths and Weaknesses of a particular issue or challenge that should be

evaluated at multiple levels
The strategic planning for a hospital stresses on realistic and objective assessment. So,
hospitals can use the SWOT analysis to discover the main internal and external issues
and therefore refresh the strategies and tactics of their marketing and operational
plans, so that the patients may experience the progress being made in services.This
SWOT analysis is originally designed for use in other industries, but it is now
gaining increased use in healthcare or nursing industries.

3.1 Strength

One of the first strength of nurses practise that comes to mind is its empirical and
evidence-based foundation. Almost all of our potentially physical ,psycho
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social,cultural , family concerns and health maintenance as well as promoting health

and emphasizing successful aging.Strengths are things that the organization utilizes
extremely well or in a way that sets it apart from its rivals. Consider the advantages
your organization has over rivals. This may involve staff encouragement, access to
specific resources, or a comprehensive in opening new geriatric ward.

Nurse manager with a high degree of experience and good ward leader as more
experience in managing the increase of geriatric patient. Its important that nurse
manager have the expertise and skill to deliver high quality care while still making
productive use of team resources in order to assessed geriatric ward to investigate
the possible savings of merging the small space geriatric ward.Small wards have
the downside of having wide variations in usage, which requires more capacity.
Furthermore, since each shift must have a minimum of two nurses on duty, the
capacity required can become irrelevant to bed usage and ratios. One of the
primary concerns for hospital management for patients and clients is to reduce patient
disruption while also improving the quality of care delivered. The right network
strategies and management practices are urgently needed to optimize scarce resources,
alleviate shortages, and expand capacity quickly by opening new space in the hospital
to be set up which has good facility with good bed space must accommodate equipment
similar to acute ward and some rather different priorities were observed.The
management also should be prepared with all the facilities such as blood pressure
monitor,infusion-pump,rehab chair,walking aids, and many more. Other then that nurse
manager also need to estimates the number of nurses required for each shift as well the
total number of nurses required annually for the preparation. In this case nurse-patient
ratios is focus on deciding how to strengthen working processes in order to maximize in
new geriatric ward.

3.2 Weakness
It's a good idea to note what you're doing to overcome a weakness if you bring it up.
This reflects your willingness to advance professionally and your ability to solve
problems, all of which can make you a desirable candidate. Your weaknesses, also
your strengths, can be internal such as disorganization or lack of focus. External such
as lack of motivation, constant conflict with your colleague, a chaotic hospital
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environment. Your shortcomings may be a source of distraction or actively discourage

you from taking the next move. It's important to consider the weaknesses.

Nurse manager would have difficulty to evaluated ward size in term of required
nursing staff capacity for inpatient care facilities in a hospital. It appeared to be a
useful tool for supporting discussions regarding capacity management issues between
wards and hospital management by giving objectives and quantitative insight into
staff and bed requirements.The ratio for most forms of hospital units has been 1:10,
though most hospital subscribe to these standards,cost pressures and national nursing
shortage have resulted in these ratios being exceeded in many cases. However, in
some cases, this is the result of a failure to adequately plan for the daily, weekly, and
sometimes seasonal variations in hospital census that occur in virtually every clinical
unit. Moreover management will be in pressure with medical equipments,whereas is
an important part of every healthcare system ,and it is a method that nurses use to
prevent,diagnose,control and treat disease ,as well during illness or accident recovery.
Shortage of medical equipment is a barrier to the ability of the health system to
deliver quality health service.

4.0 Opportunities and Threats on environmental factors that may have an

impact on the issue at hand

4.1 Opportunities
Opportunities come in a variety of shapes and sizes. A nurse who offers to mentor you
could be an opportunity another could be the chance to work abroad and learn new
approaches to universal problems. Opportunities can be large or small, your job is to
recognize them and seize the ones that will benefit you the most. External research
identifies future opportunities and threats related to policy, the environment,
regulatory changes, government regulations, innovation, and other factors. It is crucial
to identify current and potential threats during this phase. Opportunities are known as
places where an organization can improve its efficiency. In order to select the most
appropriate ways to resolve them, it is important for an organization to restrict its
initiatives to just a few at a time.
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As a result, healthcare organizations throughout the world consider it as a strategic

differentiated for sustaining competitive advantage. Therefore, it is very important to
define measure and improve quality of healthcare services. Since the management is
opening new geriatric ward it would be helpful to see a range of service lines that
could provide more support to nurses and patients alike in order to sustain or improve
patient percentage and working capital development of the organization.Such as due
to increase in geriatric patient in Malaysia ,better treatment and observation for the ill
old age patient and also even nurses can have a great opportunities to develop their
knowledge by having courses in gerontology to give better care and treatment.

4.2 Threats
External factors over which you have no control are referred to as threats. You might
want to consider developing contingency plans for dealing with them if they occur.
Threats in healthcare comprise the clinical and administrative system,processes and
reports employed to detect,monitor, assess,reduce and prevent threats. Generally,
healthcare organizations have had hierarchical management structures that benefit
medical providers and restrict the participation of nurses and other clinical health
professionals. Participate leadership has been described as one of the most important
contributors to high nurse staffing turnover rates. Nurse turnover can result in
increased costs for the hospital, which can be a challenge to new geriatric wards.

In addition, transnational leadership has been shown to enhance nurses productivity,

trust, and dedication in the workplace. Furthermore, as a result of a greater sense of
meaning and intent in the organization's task, workers under this management style
experience greater organizational support and better relationships with management,
as well as job satisfaction.

When a nurse manager stepped in and manage the new geriatric ward , trained nurses
who were working in other wards were suddenly need to pull into the new ward. As a
result, staff are under even more stress and strain to care for patients during peak
disease seasons. Shortage of nurses are enough to use an average nurse-to-patient
ratio per ward. This will help to decide the number of nurses required in each shift
and on a yearly basis. Threats can be in bed utilization due to ward is too small,which
results in efficiency losses especially during a peak admission. Although capacity for
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the bed is low whereby doctors need to play the role by deciding the length of stay of
patient for a great deal of fluctuation can lead to bed availability.

5.0 Conclusion

With the world's rapid pace of population , the number of elderly people increases
every year, and demand for basic human needs such as medical care is fast growing.
Furthermore, the demand for healthcare services, especially at government hospitals,
is rapidly growing.This is evident in the Ministry of Health's statistics, which are
described in the problem statement. As a result, it is important for hospitals to have
stable ward space management strategies in place. Based on the issues,this discussion
has provide a structure of strategies that can be adopted to provide effective ward
spaces in hospital and can also offer a solution to solve the problem of geriatric
patient overload. SWOT analyses can be performed on multiple levels of health
organization. SWOT analysis has been used to plan strategies for the new geriatric
ward. They are specific to strategy planing for particular achievement in opening new
ward. In other words,Strengths and weaknesses are measured in order to identify the
causes at work.

6.0 References
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