8

Science
Quarter 4-Module 6
Week 6, Biodiversity

COVER ARTS/
ILLUSTRATIONS/
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Science - Grade 8
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Quarter 4 - Module 6: Biodiversity
Revised Copy, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cebu City
Schools Division Superintendent: Rhea Mar A. Angtud, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Writer/Compiler/s: Emarie Kathleen G. Verano Teacher I
(CCDCAGMNHS)

Illustrator/Layout Artist:

Content Editors: Dr. Gemma A. Bendebel, Principal II. Lahug Night High School
Mr. Rommel C. Villahermosa, Assisting Principal Abellana NS

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Management Team: Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Schools Division Superintendent

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Superintendent
Mrs. Grecia F. Bataluna, CID Chief
Dr. Raylene S. Manawatao, EPS-Science
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II
 Lesson Biodiversity

Quarter : Fourth Quarter

Content Standard : The learners should be able to explain the different
types of biodiversity
Performance Standard : The learners should be able to create a proposal on
how to protect and conserve the biodiversity in our
ecosystem
Competency : The learners should be able to explain the
advantage of high biodiversity in maintaining the
stability of an ecosystem S8LT-IVh-21
Duration : Week 6
Topic : Biodiversity

What I Need to Know

According to biologists, the total number of species on Earth is estimated to

be around 4-100 million. Only 1.7 million species have been described and identified
as of today, new species are discovered every year. Organisms come in different
shapes and sizes. This variety of living things is referred to as biodiversity, which
depends on different levels of variation.
Objectives:
1. Differentiate the types of biodiversity.
2. Identify the threats to biodiversity.
3. Predict what will happen to an ecosystem with low biodiversity.
4. Explain the importance and advantages of high biodiversity in maintaining the
stability of an ecosystem.
5. State the different ways/ methods of conserving and protecting biodiversity.

1
 What I Know

Pre-Assessment
DIRECTIONS: Read and understand each question below. Write the letter of your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following statements is NOT a solution to the loss of biodiversity?
A. Reforestation C. Introduction of new species
B. Sustainable forest use D. Establishment of sanctuaries
2. Which of the following statements is CORRECT about the Genetic diversity?
The Genetic diversity __________.
A. is the variety of ecosystems in a given area
B. assesses the differences in genotype among individuals of a species
C. is the simplest and most common measure of biodiversity using the number
for different species that live within a region or parameter
D. none of the above
3. Which of the following is NOT an ecological service of biodiversity?
A. Food Security C. Increase endemism
B. Reduce flooding D. Prevent soil erosion
4. What species that are very rare and can be found in a particular ecosystem?
A. exotic species C. endemic species
B. extinct species D. invasive species
5. What is an endangered species? An endangered species is an organism that
___.
A. is in danger of extinction
B. has disappeared entirely
C. is growing on a public land
D. is brought to a place where it has never lived before
6. Why is biodiversity important? It ______________.
A. increases at each level of the food chain
B. helps populations adapt to ecological changes
C. reduces the number of insects in a given ecosystem
D. allows animals to feed permanently from one type of plant
7. What type of diversity is referred to all the different genes contained within all
members of a population?
A . character B. ecosystem C. genetic D. species
8. Why are invasive species threats to biodiversity? They can _________.
A. be harmful to humans
B. cause harm to the environment
C. outcompete native organisms for their resources
D. All statements are true.
9. What is the significance of species diversity?
A. Species never interact with environment.
B. Species interact with their environment and thus perform certain function.
C. Though species interact with the environment, they do not perform any
function.

2
 D. Species minimize interaction with their environment and thus perform
certain functions.
10. Which type of biodiversity includes the available habitat in an area?
A . character B. ecosystem C. genetic D. species
11. How does increasing species diversity affect ecosystem? It ________.
A. only increases the productivity of an ecosystem
B. increases the efficiency and productivity of an ecosystem
C. does not increase the efficiency and productivity of an ecosystem
D. increases only the efficiency and not the productivity of an ecosystem
12. Which of the following diversities boosts the availability of oxygen?
A . character B. ecosystem C. genetic D. species
13. Which is an example of ecosystem diversity?
A. earth B. river C. storm D. sun
14. What is the major reason for extinction of species?
A. hunting B. forest fire C. habitat destruction D. their use for food
15. Why is genetic diversity important?
A. It enables to create their own habitat.
B. Global warming threatens monoculture.
C. It allows for species to adapt and thrive in different environments.
D. All statements are true.

What’s In

Let us take a quick review of what you have learned from the previous module.
This will surely help you get connected.

DIRECTIONS: Inside the table are ten (10) important concepts which you learned from
the previous lesson. Using the descriptions, look for each concept which is arranged
across, downward or diagonal in the crossword puzzle and write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. animals that live part in water and part on land

2. animals that have feathers and known for their ability to fly
3. cold blooded animals, and their body is covered with hard scales
4. characterized by having mammary glands and hair.
5. vertebrates found in salty, fresh, cold or even hot water. Most have
scales for protection, paired fins for movement and gills for gas exchange
6. animals that are grouped based on the type of exoskeleton, the number of body
sections and the kind of appendages like mouth parts present
7. soft-bodied invertebrates with most of them covered by a shell
8. characterized by a segmented or repeated body parts
9. roundworms that have long, cylindrical, and slender bodies
10. animals whose tentacles contain stinging cells
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 M A W E R B Y U I O M X
A M P H I B I A N S O C
M D Z X C V B R M L L N
M G Q A S D F G D K L E
A R T H R O P O D S U M
L J Q T Y U E O P L S A
S A N N E L I D S G K T
S E D F I S H E S H S O
I F A T D F G H K K L D
E L P Q E R T Y U I O E
R E C N I D A R I A N S
R K Q D F G H K L V B M

What’s New

Activity 1
What is the importance of biodiversity to ecosystems?
Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1.differentiate low from high biodiversity,
2.give advantages of high over low biodiversity,
3.identify ecosystems with low and high biodiversity, and
4.predict what will happen to an ecosystem with low biodiversity.
Materials Needed:
photos of different ecosystems, pencil/ballpen
Procedure:
1. Study the photos below and answer the following questions on a separate
sheet of paper.
Science 8 Learner’s Module First Edition. Philippines: Department of Education

PICTURE A. A banana plantation

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Q1. Does picture A show a high or low biodiversity?
___________________________________________________________________
Q2. What will happen if pests attack banana plants?
___________________________________________________________________
Q4. What will happen if a strong typhoon comes, and heavy flooding occurs?
__________________________________________________________________
Q5. How will this affect the helpers and owner of the plantation?
___________________________________________________________________
2. Examine the photo below.
Science 8 Learner’s Module First Edition. Philippines: Department of Education

PICTURE B. A coral reef ecosystem.

Q6. What are the biotic components present in this ecosystem?

__________________________________________________________________
Q7. Describe some relationships and interactions that occur among these biotic
components.
_________________________________________________________________
Q8. Predict the effect of the presence of many crown of thorns sea star to the
ecosystem and its biotic components.
_________________________________________________________________
Q9. Which of the two pictures/ecosystem/s has high biodiversity? low biodiversity?
__________________________________________________________________

Q10. Why is high biodiversity advantageous over low biodiversity?

__________________________________________________________________
Q11. What is the importance of biodiversity to ecosystems?
__________________________________________________________________
The North Pole and certain deserts are examples of ecosystems with low biodiversity.
Q12. Give other examples of familiar ecosystems with low biodiversity.
___________________________________________________________________

5
 What is It

What is Biological Diversity?

Biological Diversity, or simply biodiversity refers to the variety of life on

Earth, within and between all species of animals, plants, in the context of the
ecosystems where they live. Biodiversity is explored at three levels, namely: genetic
diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity.

shorturl.at/cCDNP

Figure 1.Genetic diversity of corn kernel colors

Genetic Diversity
It refers to the differences in the genetic make-up of a distinct species and
to the genetic variations within a single species. It concerns DNA (or RNA)
sequences. Humans, for example, have different eye and skin colors, hair textures,
propensity for disease, reactions to pollutants, heights, hormone levels and so on. We
are the same species but have genetic variations which make us diverse. This means
that if one individual die when stung by a bee, others will not and are able to carry on
to ensure the success of the species.
Plants of the same species can diversify to be able to live in alternative habitats.
Mangrove trees – a diverse group of around eighty different species – have diversified
to successfully survive and reproduce in salt water. This change was due to genetic
mutations which allowed them to move from aquatic into marine ecosystems, and so
increase the biodiversity of a different region and ensure the survival of the species.
As with humans, genetic diversity in other organisms can affect any aspect of that
organism’s make up. From size to color, to diet, to function, and everything in between.
Recall that genetic diversity paves the way for adapting to environmental changes and
is thus crucial to species survival.

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 shorturl.at/jHX09
Species Diversity
It is the simplest and most common
measure of biodiversity using the number
of different species that live within a region
as the parameter. Different biomes
accommodate different variety of living
organisms. However, the general trend is
that biodiversity increases as the region
approaches the equator where the ideal
conditions for temperature and moisture is
met. Figure 2. Species diversity of frogs
shorturl.at/wyY4
Tropical regions are considered hotspots
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because in spite the tiny fraction of land mass,
these areas host approximately half of the
world’s plant and animal species. An endemic
species is one that is found only in a specific
region and not anywhere else in the world.
When considering only the number of different
species within an ecosystem we then talk of
species richness. Species richness only
considers the number of different species in
an ecosystem, not their distribution.

Ecosystem Diversity
The major habitat types from which all
other smaller ecosystems derive are called
terrestrial, marine and aquatic ecosystems.
These three examples of ecosystem
diversity contain further examples as
subgroups. Figure 3. Ecosystem diversity
The marine ecosystem includes subgroups known as open marine, ocean floor, coral
reef, estuary, saltwater wetland estuary, and mangrove systems. Terrestrial heads six
subgroups: tundra, grasslands, taiga, deciduous forest, rainforest, and desert. The
smallest ecosystem of the three main groups, the aquatic ecosystem, can be further
split into estuaries, wetlands, ponds, lakes, and rivers.
What is Low and High Biodiversity?
A monoculture is when an ecosystem has only one prominent species and
has very low biodiversity. Low biodiversity is when there are a few prominent
species and a low number of other species within the habitat. High biodiversity is a
habitat or ecosystem that has a high number of different species. In the earlier grades
you learned that among different ecosystems, the rainforest has the highest
biodiversity. This means that it has the greatest number of organisms living in it.
Rainforests have a high rainfall, thus, have lots of plants in them. This condition
provides shelter, water and food to many species that can survive drought or disasters
as well as competition with other species. This results to a stable ecosystem with
lesser rate of species loss. Tropical rainforests are located in places near the equator,
while temperate rainforests are found in the temperate regions.

7
What are the Advantages of High Biodiversity?
When an ecosystem has a high number of species present, it means that it has
a high biodiversity. The high number of species ensures stability of an ecosystem
because it has a better chance of coping with environmental stressors such as floods,
droughts and diseases. The variety of species means that when there is a decrease in
the population of one species (e.g., due to drought, a certain type of grass favored by
grazers failed to grow fast), other species can compensate for their loss, thus
minimizing the effects on the environment.
The diversity of plants and animals ensures a steady supply of food that can be
consumed by other organisms in a food chain. Imagine if all organisms depend only
on one organism for food and this organism becomes extinct. All the organisms
guarantees that although some organisms are lost, other organisms can still resort into
consuming other organisms for survival.
Diverse organisms fill in various positions or niches in an ecosystem. This, in
some way, prevents exotic organisms. An ecosystem lacking a variety of predators
may become more susceptible to exotic organisms. For example, the introduction of
brown tree snakes (exotic organisms) in Guam eliminated many bird species in that
country. Not recognizing snakes as predators, the birds in the forests became easy
prey.
The high biodiversity of organisms provides many different benefits. Thus,
maintaining this is very essential to ensure security of future generations.

What are the Threats to Biodiversity?

Extinction is a natural event describing the disappearance of species from the
face of Earth when the last individual dies. Several mass extinctions have gone down
in the history of the Earth, most notably at the end of the Cretaceous period when all
of the dinosaurs died out. Prior to being extinct, a species occurring at low frequencies
that it is well on its way to being extinct is said to be endangered. If the frequencies
are at mid-levels but the rate of reproduction is quite low and thus the species is likely
to be endangered, then the species is labeled as threatened. Changes to habitats
can threaten organisms to extinction. The following are activities that can bring about
threats to biodiversity:
▪ Deforestation- This the clearing of forest by cutting down or removing trees in
which the land will then be used for agricultural expansion, logging, road building
and urbanization (e.g., building resorts or subdivisions). This man-made activity has
a devastating impact on the environment. Note that trees supply humans with
oxygen, absorb carbon dioxide, and hold the soil in place. In addition, many species
live in a forest, some of which are endemic. When an area is totally deforested,
many species become increasingly vulnerable to extinction.
▪ Mining- The Philippines has a wealth of various minerals which include nickel,
copper, and gold. Some of these mineral deposits lie underneath forests and
extraction of these minerals involves removal of these forests.
▪ Illegal hunting or Poaching- Some animals are hunted for food, as pets, or for fur
and hide. Animal fur is used as clothing during winter in cold countries and as an
expensive material for luxury apparels. Hides (animal skin) from alligators,

8
 crocodiles, and snakes are made into leather. Ivory poaching of tusks is also
rampant. Many elephants are being hunted and slaughtered for their tusks which
are made into statues, sculptures, jewelry, and other items.
▪ Introduction of exotic species- this plays a part in changing the ecosystems of a
local environment, often displacing the original or native species. An exotic species
is an alien organism living outside its native distribution range. For example,
mahogany trees have been introduced to the Philippines as part of reforestation
projects in 1907 and 1913 in several areas of the country. Since then, the tree
species have proliferated.
▪ Destructive fishing- This includes illegal fishing methods such as dynamite fishing,
cyanide fishing, and muro-ami. These methods do not only kill fishes but also
destroy the coral reefs which harbor many marine species.

Why is Biodiversity Important?

▪ Interdependence
Living things are interdependent. Consumers are dependent on producers for
food and oxygen. In turn, plants depend largely on animals for the production of carbon
dioxide as well as pollination for reproduction. Decomposers degrade organic material
from decaying plants and animals and turn into usable nutrients. Living things can
serve as habitats for other living organisms. All living organisms in an ecosystem affect
one another, directly or indirectly, such that any perturbations in the food web can lead
to disruptions. For instance, if species that is mutually symbiotic with another species
suddenly went extinct, the survival of the remaining species will surely be affected.
▪ Stability
Biodiversity keeps ecosystems stable. The variety of species in a given area
interacts in such a way that balances for survival and mortality are kept for all species
involved. Moreover, genetic diversity provides reassurance of survival by having a
range of genotypes that could be resistant to any new changes imposed to them. For
example, tetrodotoxin produced by newts is detrimental for its natural predator, the
garter snakes can actually resist this toxin and thus survive and continue to prey upon
the newts whereas the non-resistant individuals die out.
▪ Ecological Services
Ecosystems contribute significant biological services that benefit the Earth and
all its inhabitants. Vegetation cover prevents soil erosion and reduces the occurrence
of floods. Having a lush mangrove ecosystem can minimize storm surges from
ravaging inland areas. Ecosystems maintain a balance of gases in the atmosphere.
An excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is correlated to global warming and
climate change. Plants take up gaseous carbon dioxide, and ultimately reduce the risks
of local and global climate change in the process. Pollutants are kept at minimum
levels because of the filtering properties of plants and the ability of certain
microorganisms to remediate pollutants and converting it into something that is inert
or at least, less harmful. Lastly, health of the environment may be monitored depending
on the species that are able to survive and thrive in a given ecosystem. Pollution
indicators such as lichens and mussels are used to monitor the status of air and water
pollution, respectively.
▪ Economic Value
Food security for humans is guaranteed by the diverse options offered by the
ecosystems. Meat from animals as well as fruits and vegetables from plants are

9
consumed by humans regularly. The medicinal potential of plants and animals is also
explored in many species. Animal and plant metabolites across all available species
are constantly assessed for possible medical applications. An example of this is the
conotoxin found in the marine cone snail Conus that has applications as analgesic
medicine. Plant and animal products such as wood and wool are also economically
important products, rubber, oils, waxes and dyes are some of the products that are
derived from living organisms that have industrial applications.

How can Biodiversity be Conserved?

Conservation Biology is the study and implementation of methods to protect and

conserve biodiversity. It is about keeping the diversity of living organisms on Earth by
keeping natural ecosystems healthy and ensuring that the interactions between the
living and non-living components persist into the future. To help protect and maintain
this, the following measures can be done:
▪ Reforestation- a method of restoring the forests and ecosystems. Seedlings of
native trees and plants can be planted in the area chosen for reforestation. Planting
native trees will ensure that the same organisms will thrive in an ecosystem. Native
animals depend on native plants. If foreign trees are planted, native organisms will
not proliferate because they do not depend on them for food or shelter.
▪ Establishments of Sanctuaries- marine sanctuaries can be established to protect
marine ecosystems. These sanctuaries are designated areas in which human
activities such as fishing, and ecotourism are limited or restricted. The “no fishing
zone” guarantees that marine organisms can grow and reproduce undisturbed.
▪ Sustainable use of forest resources- designate certain areas where people can
and cannot obtain forest products. This will also guarantee that terrestrial
ecosystems will not be overexploited.
▪ Combating exotic species- strategies to eliminate exotic species must be carefully
planned. This is to ensure that eliminating exotic species will not harm native
species. Often, the best way to eliminate exotic species is to prevent them from
getting into another place. However, when invasion of species is already apparent,
physically, removing and eliminating the organisms is an option. In plants, cutting
or uprooting the exotic species can be done strategically.

What’s More

Activity 2
I Create the Future
Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1. Make a personal vision for the future in relation to biodiversity
2. Analyze the different ways that government, groups, and individuals are doing to
arrive at the envisioned future, and
3. Take personal action towards conserving biodiversity

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 Materials Needed:
copy of “Priority Pyramid” worksheet
pencil or ballpen
notebook or sheet of paper

Procedure:
Part I. My Future World
1. As a youth or young citizen, you are going to make a list of conditions that you
want to see in your world in the future and then, suggest ways and take action to
make it happen. Ask yourself this question: What do you want the future world
to be? What things or conditions do you want to see in the world, say, 50
years from now? Make a list of at least five conditions on a separate sheet of
paper.

2. This is the “Priority Pyramid”. Copy on a separate sheet of paper and complete this
pyramid with the conditions that you want your future world to have by ranking them
from the most important to the least. Write the most important condition at the
topmost box of the pyramid, the next two conditions on the next level, and so on.
Answer the following questions on the same sheet of paper.

PRIORITY PYRAMID

Q1. Explain how you chose your conditions:

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Part II. Making it Happen

Q2. Will our dreams for the future come true by simply thinking about them?

11
___________________________________________________________________
Q3. Do you know of any ongoing programs, initiatives and legislations related to
these priorities?
__________________________________________________________________
Q4. What government agencies, organizations, groups and individuals are
responsible for or are working on the conservation of biodiversity, either locally or on
a global scale?
___________________________________________________________________
Part III. I Can Make a Difference!
Q5. What can you do to create a positive future?
___________________________________________________________________
Q6. What changes in your daily actions can you carry out to contribute in conserving
biodiversity?
___________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

DIRECTIONS: Read and complete each statement below by filling in the missing
word/s in the blanks. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. An __________ is an alien organism living outside its native distribution
range.
2. It is a natural event describing the disappearance of a species from the face
of Earth when the last individual dies is called _____________.
3. It is when an ecosystem has only one prominent species and has very low
biodiversity it is known as__________.
4. The clearing of forest by cutting down or removing trees in which the land
will then be used for agricultural expansion, logging, road building and
urbanization is called___________.
5. It refers to the differences in the genetic make-up of a distinct species and
to the genetic variations within a single species is called__________.
6. Prior to being extinct, a species occurring at low frequencies that it is well
on its way to being extinct is said to be ______________.
7. An _____________ is one that is found only in a specific region and not
anywhere else in the world.
8. It is the simplest and most common measure of biodiversity using the
number of different species that live within a region as the parameter
___________.
9. Tundra, grasslands, taiga, deciduous forest, rainforest, and desert are
examples of___________.
10. It is a habitat or ecosystem that has a high number of different species is
called____________.

12
 What I Can Do

You are a biologist who volunteers for Wildlife Habitat Council, a nonprofit
organization which aims to protect rare species of animals and plants. The organization
is seeking your advice regarding a biodiverse area in the country that they should
prioritize for their latest conservation project. Draw or cut picture of a biodiverse area
and cite reasons why it should be prioritized. Also cite a proposal on how the area can
be conserved. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Draw or paste the chosen picture of the biodiverse area on a
separate sheet of paper

Reasons on why it should be prioritized.

____________________________________________________________________
Proposal on how the area can be conserved.
____________________________________________________________________
Rubrics:
Content accuracy 35 points
Organization 25 points
Clarity 25 points
Neatness 15 points
TOTAL: 100 points

Assessment
Pre-Assessment
DIRECTIONS: Read and understand each question below. Write the letter of your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is an example of low biodiversity?
A. desert B. grasslands C. taiga D. tropical rainforest
2. Which of the following fishing method is the LEAST destructive?
A. cyanide fishing B. dynamite fishing C. muro-ami D. pole fishing
3. What are the possible causes of extinctions in animals?
A. deforestation B. habitat loss C. overhunting D. all of above
4. Who should cooperate to maintain the conservation of biodiversity?
A. informed citizens B. nations C. scientists D. all of the above

13
 5. What human activity that helps protect and conserve rare and economically
important species?
A. Mining C. Introduction of exotic species
B. Deforestation D. Establishments of Sanctuaries
6. What human activity that destroys or endangers the existence of rare and
economically important species?
A. Reforestation C. Illegal hunting or poaching
B. Combating exotic species D. Sustainable use of forest resources
7. Which of the following statements BEST describes an endemic species? An
endemic species is____________.
A. nearing extinction C. found only in a specific location
B. important to other organisms D. threatened due to diminishing habitat
8. Habitat destruction is said to be currently the biggest threat to biodiversity.
Which of the following situations primarily depicts habitat destruction? The ____.
A. tremendous leakage of oil from a defective oil tanker traveling across the
ocean
B. introduction of exotic species into an area where its natural predators are
absent
C. release of excessive amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases
into the atmosphere
D. decline of forest cover due to activities such as illegal logging and conversion
of forests to agricultural lands
9. Which human activities can cause biodiversity loss?
A. Deforestation C. Combating exotic species
B. Reforestation D. Establishment of sanctuaries
10. Why is biodiversity important?
A. It keeps our ecosystems stable.
B. It provides medicinal potential of plants and animals.
C. It contributes significant biological services that benefit the Earth and all its
inhabitants.
D. All the statements are true.
11. Which of the following statements is CORRECT about the Species diversity? The
Species diversity __________.
A. refers to the variety of ecosystems in a given area
B. assesses the differences in genotype among individuals of a species
C. is a habitat or ecosystem that has a high number of different species
D. is the simplest and most common measure of biodiversity using the number for
different species that live within a region or parameter
12. Why do you think exotic species might be a problem in new ecosystems?
A. increase in diversity of species in an ecosystem
B. competing with native organisms for limited resources
C. incapable of causing extinctions of native plants and animals
D. All of the above
13. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the advantages of having
a high biodiversity? It ________________.
A. provides ecological life support
B. increases the probability of extinction
C. has lot of food supply for the organisms or the biotic components in nature
D. is efficient in recycling of nutrients and a productive or sustainable ecosystem

14
14. How will you help in conserving and protecting our biodiversity? By _____.
A. continuous cutting of trees
B. poaching elephants for ivory
C. promoting ecotourism and sanctuaries
D. introducing exotic species in the ecosystem
15. Which of the following is an example of High Biodiversity?
A. desert B. North Pole C. rainforest D. tundra

References
• https://biologydictionary.net/biodiversity/
• Source: Philippines. Department of Education. (2009). Science and
Technology II. Textbook (Rev. ed.). Pasig City: Instructional Materials
Development Corporation. p. 339).
• Campo, Pia C., et Al 2013, Science 8 Learner’s Module First Edition.
Philippines: Department of Education
• Campo, Pia C., et Al 2013, Science 8 Teacher’s Guide, First Edition.
Philippines: Department of Education
• de Guzman, D., Delos Reyes, M. and Espinosa, A., 2012. Discover
Science: Chemistry. Makati City, Philippines: Diwa Learning System Inc,.
• Flores, A., Mingoa, T., Obille, E., Ferrer, D., Cano, M. and Rabago, L.,
2006. Dynamic Science: An Integration of Physical and Biological
Sciences: Modular Approach. Quezon City, Philippines: Vibal Publishing
House Inc.,
• Lim, A., et Al 2015. Science for the 21st Century Learner. Makati City,
Philippines: Diwa Learning System Inc, .
• Villamar, R. and Torres, M., 2015. Science Conforming to the Globalized
Trends in Education. Quezon City, Philippines: Sta. Teresa Publications,
Inc, .
• Guzman, R., Refran, J. and Tolentino, P., 2016. Earth and Life Science.
Quezon City, Philippines: Vibal Group Inc., pp.291-298.
• Villaraza, A., Crisologo, D., Torralba, M. and Catabona, A.,
2014. Science Blast 8. Quezon City, Philippines: Trinitas Publishing Inc.,
pp.446-452.
• Allas, I., Espinosa, A., Lorenzo, A. and Navarette, B., 2013. Discover
Science 8. Makati City, Philippines: Diwa Learning System Inc., pp.149-
162.

15
 Answer Key
What’s More What I have learned What’s In
Answers may vary 1. Exotic species 1.Amphibians
2. Extinction 2. Birds
3. Monoculture 3. Reptiles
What’s New 4. Deforestation 4. Mammals
5. Genetic diversity 5. Fish
Answers may vary 6. Endangered 6. Arthropods
7. Endemic species
7. Mollusk
8. Species diversity
8. Annelids
What I can do 9. Ecosystem diversity
10. High biodiversity 9. Nematodes
Answers may vary 10. Cnidarians
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