Lesson 2 Properties of Well Written Texts 1

Properties of Well-Written
Texts
Reading and Writing Skills Module 2
Learning Objectives
identify properties of a
1
well-written text;
evaluate written text

2 based on the identified
properties; and
write a well-written
3
text
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Properties of a
well-written texts
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A Text is defined as written material or
piece of writing such as an article, essay,
book, magazine, or newspaper.
For a paragraph or any composition to be
effective, it must always consider the
properties of a well- written text which
includes organization, cohesion and
coherence, language use, and mechanics.
Organization
An arrangement that refers to the

structural framework for writing. A text
is considered organized when ideas are
accurately and logically arranged with a
focus on the arrangements of ideas,
incidents, evidence, or details in a
definite order in a paragraph, essay, or
speech
Organization
text structure - framework (beginning, middle,

and end/conclusion)
signal words - textual cues
physical format - headings, subheadings,

bullet points, or font emphasis
Coherence and Cohesion
Coherence refers to the overall

sense of unity in a text
Cohesion is the connection of ideas

both at the sentence level and at the
paragraph level
To achieve coherence and cohesion, one technique
is to use signal devices which that hint readers on
how the points in your paragraph are a
progression. This can be shown in the paragraphs
using transitions, repetitions, synonyms,
pronouns, and parallel structures.
Transitions refer to words that
connect one idea to another,
making the writer’s ideas flow
smoothly.
Repetitions include a word, a
phrase, or a full sentence
repeated to highlight its
importance in the entire text.
The repetition of the main ideas
keeps continuity and helps the
readers remain focused and
headed in the right direction.
Examples:
1. The president said, “Work, work,
and work,” are the keys to success.
2. If you think you can make it, you can

make it.
3. Most students are intimated by the

works of William Shakespeare. They
believe Shakepeare's sonnets and plays
are far too complicated to read and
understand.
Synonyms are words similar in
meaning to important words or
phrases. This technique is used if
direct repetition is too obvious.
Example:
Teenagers face an enormous

amount of peer pressure from
friends. Hence, many young adults
are showing signs of great stress or
depression at an early age.
Pronouns are used to connect
sentences by referring to
preceding nouns and pronouns.
They can also help create
paragraphs readable by removing
wordiness and unnecessary
repetition.
Examples:
1. Rodrigo R. Duterte is the 16th President of

the Republic of the Philippines. Moreover, he
also served as Davao City’s Mayor for a long
period of time. He is also known by many as a
strong leader.
2. Mrs. Gomez approved to have a meeting

with the workers’ union before she signed the
contract. She was willing to hear their
concerns about the newly proposed
amendments in the company.
Parallel Structures include the
use of matching words, phrases,
clauses, or sentence structures
to express similar ideas. It allows
the reader to understand the
connections between ideas and to
flow smoothly from one idea,
sentence, or paragraph to the
next.
Example:
In the conference hall, the

students attended a lecture
where the speaker demonstrated
how to properly wear a PPE. They
also attended a lecture where
their school nurse explained how
to keep one’s health protected
from COVID-19.
Language Use
It refers to the appropriateness of
word/vocabulary usage. Proper language use
enables you, the writer, to capture the
message that you want to give to your
readers. Language use is one of the strongest
indicators of a well-written text because it
leads writers to effectively communicate
ideas without confusing the reader.
concrete and specific,
not vague and abstract
concise, not verbose
Six characteristics of familiar, not obscure
effective language: precise, not ambiguous
constructive, not destructive
appropriately formal
Mechanics
These are conventions that have to be

considered in writing. Spelling,
punctuation, and capitalization are
some of the examples. To prevent
confusion, it is necessary to know and
follow these conventions in writing
Spelling
When you write, always make

sure that you are consistently using
one standard regarding the spelling
of your words. Remember that there
are slight differences in American
English spelling and British English
spelling.
American Spelling British Spelling
aeroplane
a i r p l a n e
a n a l y z e analyse
anesthesia aneasthesia
c o l o r c o l o u r
Punctuation
It is the act of using a system

of symbols used to provide
structure to and organize a text,
such as a comma, period,quotation
marks, question marks, etc. The
use of punctuation directs the
reader to interpret the text.
Capitalization
Capitalization, like punctuation, helps

express details. Any sentence’s first
word is capitalized, signaling that a new
sentence has started. To signify
uniqueness, proper nouns are
capitalized. However, using
capitalization merely to make a word
appear or sound significant is not right
Summary
 A well-written text requires organization, coherence and cohesion,
appropriate
language use, and mechanics.
 Organization is about the arrangement of ideas, incidents, details, evidence,

and order.
 Coherence is the connection of ideas in the concept level.
 Cohesion is the connection of ideas in the sentence level.
 Language use refers to the appropriateness of word/vocabulary usage.
 Mechanics includes correct grammar, spelling, capitalization,

abbreviations, and
acronyms, the use of numbers as part of the statement, and the punctuation
Activity 2. Into the text
Activity 3. Write rightly!
Directions: Write a three-paragraph essay
about “Students’ Challenges in the New
Normal Classroom”. Be guided by the rubric
below in doing the task.
Thank you!

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Properties of Well-Written

evaluate written text

Go Back to Agenda Page

An arrangement that refers to the

text structure - framework (beginning, middle,

signal words - textual cues

physical format - headings, subheadings,

Coherence refers to the overall

Cohesion is the connection of ideas

2. If you think you can make it, you can

3. Most students are intimated by the

Teenagers face an enormous

1. Rodrigo R. Duterte is the 16th President of

2. Mrs. Gomez approved to have a meeting

In the conference hall, the

concise, not verbose

Six characteristics of familiar, not obscure

effective language: precise, not ambiguous

constructive, not destructive

These are conventions that have to be

When you write, always make

It is the act of using a system

Capitalization, like punctuation, helps

 Organization is about the arrangement of ideas, incidents, details, evidence,

 Coherence is the connection of ideas in the concept level.

 Cohesion is the connection of ideas in the sentence level.

 Language use refers to the appropriateness of word/vocabulary usage.

 Mechanics includes correct grammar, spelling, capitalization,

Don't forget to delete this page

Don't forget to delete this page

Find the magic and fun in presenting

Don't forget to delete this page

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