Hu 2017

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This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been

fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TPEL.2017.2689806, IEEE
Transactions on Power Electronics

A Three-Winding Coupled-Inductor DC-DC Converter


Topology with High Voltage Gain and Reduced Switch
Stress
Xuefeng Hu , Jianzhang Wang , Linpeng Li , Yongchao Li

Abstract—This paper presents a DC-DC boost converter battery (48V) is low, however the inverter bus voltage value is
topology for low input and high output voltage applications, such 380V. In the high intensity discharge (HID) lamp ballast
as photovoltaic systems, fuel cell systems, high-intensity system, the dc-dc converter is required to boost the low
discharge lamp (HID), and electric vehicles. The suggested
configuration consists of a three-winding coupled-inductor, a voltage of the car battery (12V) to much higher voltage (100V)
single switch and two hybrid voltage multiplier cells. [1], [2]. Electrical stunning has been used popularly to stun
Furthermore, two independent hybrid voltage multiplier cells are livestock/poultry for alleviating the pain, transforming a low
in parallel when the single switch S is turned on, and they are in voltage which is safe for person to a high voltage which is
series when the switch S is turned off. So the advantages of the enough to stun livestock/poultry[3]. Another important
proposed converter structure are summarized as follows: a) A applications, Renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic
coupled inductor with three windings is introduced in the
presented converter structure. The two secondary windings of the arrays and the fuel cells sources are more and more widely
coupled inductor are respectively used to form a hybrid used to provide electric energy. However, the photovoltaic
multiplier cell on the one hand, on the other hand, it increases the arrays sources and the fuel cells are low voltage sources,
control freedom of the voltage gain, enhances the utility rate of needing step up dc-dc converter as an integral interface
magnetic core and power density, and reduces the stress of power between the available low voltage sources and the output
components to provide a stable constant dc output voltage. b) loads, which will be operated at high voltage gain.
The two hybrid multiplier cells can absorb synchronously the
energy of stray inductance, which not only reduces the current An obvious solution would be transformer-based converters
stress of corresponding diodes, but also greatly alleviates the such as fly-back, full-bridge, half-bridge and push-pull to
spike voltage of the main switch, which improves the efficiency. c) achieve a high step up voltage gain without operating at
The two hybrid multiplier cells are connected in series to supply extremely high duty cycles[9]-[12].These converters usually
power energy for the load, so the voltage gain is extended greatly require large transformer turns ratio to achieve high voltage
due to this particular structure. Thus, low-voltage gain, which increases the voltage and current stress on the
low-conduction-loss devices can be selected and the
reverse-recovery currents within the diodes are inhibited. The primary elements. Active-clamp circuits or RCD snubbers can
operating principles and the steady state analyses of the proposed be used to address this issue [13]-[14], but these clamp circuits
converter are discussed in detail. Finally, a test prototype has are complex and costly.
been implemented in the laboratory, and the simulated and In order to achieve high boost conversion ratio with high
experimental results show satisfactory agreement with the efficiency, some converters employ the switched-capacitor
theoretical analysis. techniques [15], [16] and the switched-inductor techniques [17]
[18]. However, the voltage stress of the switch in these
Index Term- DC-DC, Topology, Three-winding
coupled-inductor, high boost gain. converters are still high, causing serious conduction losses.
The diode-capacitor voltage multiplier can be inserted into the
I. INTRODUCTION conventional boost, sepic, and zeta converters to serve as the

T
built-in voltage gain extension cell [19]-[22]. However,
he development of high gain dc-dc converters is
several multiplier stages are required to reach a very high
important in many applications [1]-[8]. Such as in
voltage gain at the expense of increasing system size and cost,
uninterrupted power supplies (UPS), the voltage of acid
and further, the circuit would be more complex.
Recently, some coupled-inductor-based converters have

Manuscript received Dec 03, 2016; revised Jan 10, 2017; accepted for been published in literatures to offer another design freedom
publication Mar 15, 2017. This work was supported by Anhui Provincial rather than the switch duty cycle to satisfy the stringently high
Natural Science Foundation (1408085ME80), Natural Science Foundation of step-up voltage gain requirements [23]-[30]. The leakage
Anhui Education Committee (KJ2012A048) and The National Natural
Science Foundation (51577002).
inductance of the coupled inductor may not only cause high
X.F. Hu, J.Z.Wang, L.P.Li. and Y.C.Li are with Anhui Key Laboratory of voltage spikes on the power device when it turns off, but also
Power Electronics and Motion Control Technology, the College of Electrical induce large energy losses. In general, RCD snubbers, which
and Electronic Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan are small networks composed of a resistor, a capacitor and a
243002, China and X.F. Hu is also with Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New
Energy Generation Power Conversion, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and diode, can control the rate of change of voltage or current and
Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China, (e-mail: [email protected], ). clamp voltage overshoot. So the RCD snubbers are often used

1
0885-8993 (c) 2016 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TPEL.2017.2689806, IEEE
Transactions on Power Electronics

to suppress the voltage spike of the switch, but the leakage switch is on, the magnetizing inductor and two capacitors in
energy is dissipated. Thus, the converters based on the voltage multiplier cells are charged, and the capacitor Co
coupled-inductor technique with an active clamp circuit have provides energy to the load. When the main switch is off, the
also been proposed [27]-[28], However, the number of driven primary side and secondary sides of the coupled inductor, two
switches increases, resulting in the complexity of the circuit. capacitors C2 and C4, and input dc source are connected in
A passive regenerative snubber has been investigated in series for transferring energy to the load. Therefore, the
reference [29]. The voltage gain of the converter is higher than proposed converter can achieve high-voltage gain in
most converters based on coupled-inductor, and the voltage appropriate duty cycles and low turns ratios.
stresses on all power devices are relatively lower than the The operating principles of the proposed converter for
continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous
output voltage. A single switch high gain converter using a
conduction mode (DCM) are presented as follows.
three winding coupled inductor was proposed [30]. The
converter extends the voltage conversion ratio and overcomes A. CCM operation
the reverse-recovery problem of the output diode, and the
leakage energy of coupled inductor can be recycled. This section presents the operation principle of CCM, and
This paper proposed a dc-dc boost converter topology based explains the power flow state of each mode. The operation
on three-winding coupled-inductor and diode-capacitor process is divided into six modes during one switching period.
technology for high step-up, high power density and high Some typical waveforms and the current flow path of each
efficiency conversion, which adopts a single switch and two mode are illustrated in Fig.2 and Fig.3.
series hybrid voltage multiplier cells. Moreover, two identical
passive regenerative snubbers are used for absorbing the
energy of stray inductance, clamping the voltage spike of the
main switch. Besides, the regenerative snubbers have
important role in supplying extra voltage conversion ratio. In
laboratory, a prototype circuit with 500W output power was
implemented and the simulated and experimental results
confirmed the analysis and advantages of the presented
topology.

II. OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLE OF THE PROPOSED CONVERTER

The equivalent circuit of the proposed converter topology is


shown in Fig.1, in which a three winding coupled inductor (T )
can be modeled by a magnetizing inductor Lm, a leakage
inductance Lk, and an ideal transformer with primary winding
N1 and two secondary windings N2 and N3.

Fig.2. Some typical waveforms of the proposed converter at CCM operation


To simplify the circuit analysis of the proposed converter,
the following conditions are assumed:
1. The capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4 and Co are large enough to
reasonably neglect the voltage ripples.
2. The power switch and diodes are ideal, except for Do, D2
and D4. Because the reverse-recovery problems of diodes Do,
D2 and D4 will be discussed, and all forward voltage drops on
Fig.1. Circuit configuration of the proposed converter. them are ignored.
The two parallel passive regenerative snubbers are 3. The coupling coefficient of the coupled inductor k is equal
composed of the diode D1 and capacitor C3, the diode D3 and to Lm/(Lm+Lk), and the turns ratio n=N2/N1=N3/N1.
capacitor C1, through which the energy stored in the leakage Mode I [t0-t1]: At t=t0, the switch S is turned on nearly
inductor can be recycled effectively. Also, the voltage across zero-current-switching (ZCS) due to the role of leakage
the main switch S is clamped to a lower level. Thus, the inductance,which is helpful for alleviating the switching loss.
efficiency can be improved greatly. In addition, two hybrid During this short time interval, D1, D2, D3, and D4 are turned
voltage multiplier cells are respectively composed of off, and Do still remains on state. The current flow path is
secondary side windings N2 and C2, N3 and C4. When the main

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This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TPEL.2017.2689806, IEEE
Transactions on Power Electronics

shown in Fig.3 (a). Magnetizing inductor Lm along with C2 winding N2 and N3. The leakage inductance Lk is charged by
and C4, continues to release energy to the output through

(a) Mode I (b) Mode II

(c) Mode III (d) Mode IV

(e) Mode V (f) Mode VI


Fig.3. Current flow paths during one switching period in CCM operation

the source Vin. Therefore, magnetizing inductor current iLm, the Mode III [t2-t3]: During this interval, the secondary voltage
secondary winding currents iN2 and iN3 are decreased linearly, VN2 and the clamped capacitor voltage VC3 are connected in
and the leakage inductance current iLk is increased linearly. series to charge the double-voltage capacitor C2 through the
The current ids through the main switch S is increased linearly. switch and the rectifier diode D2. Simultaneously, the
This mode ends when the current flowing through winding N2 secondary voltage VN3 and the clamped capacitor voltage VC1
and winding N3 falls to zero at t=t1。 are connected in series to charge the double-voltage capacitor
Mode II [t1-t2]: From the time t=t1, the equivalent junction C4 through the switch and the rectifier diode D4. The
capacitor CDo of the output diode Do begins to release the magnetizing inductor Lm and leakage inductor Lk are charged
stored charge to the leakage inductance of secondary winding by the source Vin. Therefore, the current iLm and the leakage
and capacitors C2 and C4, and the reverse recovery energy of inductance current iLk are increased linearly. Meanwhile, the
the output diode Do is recycled. The current flowing through output capacitor Co provides its energy to the load.
winding N2 and winding N3 is increased inversely, and the Mode IV [t3-t4]: At the time t=t3, the switch S is turned off.
current flow path is shown in Fig.3 (b). This time interval is On the one hand, the input source Vin is series connected with
extremely short, and the diodes D2 and D4 start to conduct at N1 and LK to charge clamped capacitors C1 and C3 through
t=t2. diodes D1 and D3. The energy of leakage inductance is

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This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TPEL.2017.2689806, IEEE
Transactions on Power Electronics

recycled and the current iLk is decreased linearly. On the other Fig.4. Typical waveforms of the proposed converter at DCM operation
hand, the secondary winding current iN2 (iN3) are decreased
rapidly since the opposite direction of the voltage of the
winding N2 and N3. At the time t=t4, the winding current iN2
(iN3) decays to zero. The current flow path is shown in Fig.
3(d).
Mode V [t4-t5]: During this extremely short period, the
equivalent junction capacitor CD2 of the output diode D2 and
the equivalent junction capacitor CD4 of the output diode D4
release energy, which is recycled. The magnetizing inductor
Lm begins to be discharged to capacitors C1 and C3, and the
current flow path is shown in Fig.3 (e). Meanwhile, the output
capacitor Co provides its energy to load R.
Mode VI [t5-t6]: At t=t5, the diode Do is conducted. The
current flow path is shown in Fig.3 (f).The leakage inductor,
(a) Mode I
two capacitors C2 and C4, the magnetizing inductor and input
source Vin are series discharged to the output. The clamped
capacitors C1 and C3 are parallel charged by leakage
inductance Lk and the DC source Vin. The voltage stress across
the switch S is clamped to low voltage level. The magnetizing
inductor current iLm, leakage inductance current iLk, diodes
current iD1 and iD3 are decreased linearly. Since the leakage
inductance is smaller and the current iLk decreases faster than
that of the magnetizing inductor current iLm, the secondary
winding currents iN2 and iN3 are increase linearly according to
the principle of idea transformer. When the switch S is turned
on again, this mode is ended.
(b) Mode II
B. DCM operation

To simplify the analysis for DCM operation, all devices are


ideal. Fig.4 illustrates some typical waveforms in DCM
operation during one switching period. Fig.5 shows the
current-flow path of each mode of the converter. The
operation process is divided into four modes in one switching
period, and the operating modes are described as follows.

(c) Mode III

(d) Mode IV
Fig.5. Current flow paths during one switching period at DCM operation.

Mode I [t0-t1]: During this interval, the switch S is turned on,


and the current flow path is shown in Fig.5 (a). The

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This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TPEL.2017.2689806, IEEE
Transactions on Power Electronics

magnetizing inductor of the coupled inductor is charged by The voltage of capacitors C1、C2、C3 and C4 can be written
input voltage source; meanwhile, the voltage of the clamped as:
capacitors C1 is series connected with the secondary-reflected 1
voltage (nVin) to charge the capacitor C4 by the switch S; the VC1  VC 3  Vin  vNⅥ1  vLkⅥ  Vin (7)
clamped capacitors C3 is series connected with the 1 D
secondary-reflected voltage (nVin) to charge C2; At the same 1
VC 2  VC 4  VC1  vNⅢ3  (nk  )Vin (8)
time, the output capacitor Co supplies energy for the load R. 1 D
Mode II [t1-t2]: At t=t1, the switch S is turned off. On the According to (4), (5), (6) and (8), the output voltage Vo and
one hand, the clamped capacitors C1 and C3 begin to be the voltage gain can be expressed as:
charged by the power source. On the other hand, the primary Vo  VCo
side, the secondary sides along with capacitors C2 and C4 are
2nk  3 (9)
series connected to discharge the outlet side. The current iLm  Vin  vNⅥ1  vLk

 VC 2  vNⅥ2  vNⅥ3  VC 4  Vin
and iLK are decreased linearly. This mode ends when the input 1 D
current iin is equal to the winding currents iN2 and iN3. The V 2nk  3
current flow path is shown in Fig.5 (b). M CCM  o  (10)
Vin 1 D
Mode III [t2- t3]: During this time interval, input current iin
is equal to output diode current iDo. The coupled inductor, two Thus, if the leakage inductor of the coupled inductor is not
switched capacitors, and the power source are series considered, that is to say, k is equal to 1, the ideal voltage gain
discharged to outlet side. The current flow path is shown in is written as:
Fig.5(c).The magnetizing inductor current is still decreased V 2n  3
M CCM  o  (11)
linearly. When the current iLm is equal to zero, this mode is Vin 1  D
ended.
Mode IV [t3-t4]: During this time interval, the power switch
S remains turned off, and input current iin and output diode
current iDo are equal to zero. The current flow path is shown in
Fig.5 (d). The output capacitor Co provides energy for the load
R. This mode ends when the switch S is turned on again.

III. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS


A. CCM Operating Conduction
a. Voltage Gain
To simplify the steady-state analysis, only mode Ⅲ and
mode Ⅵ are taken into account, and other modes occupying
extremely short time are ignored. When the switch S is turned
Fig.6. Voltage gain MCCM as a function of duty cycle D by various turns ratios,
on, the following equations can be obtained from Fig.3(c). and relationship between turns ratio n and duty cycle D when the voltage gain
Lm is 15
vNⅢ1   kVin (1)
Lm  Lk Fig.6 shows voltage gain MCCM versus duty cycle D under
various turns ratios, and relationship between turns ratio n and
Lk
vLk

 Vin  (1  k )Vin (2) duty cycle D under the voltage gain MCCM=15. It can be seen
Lm  Lk that the proposed converter can achieve very high voltage gain
without operating at large turns ratio of the coupled inductor
vNⅢ2  vNⅢ3  nvNⅢ1  nkVin (3)
and the extreme duty cycle.
Where k is the coupling coefficient of the coupled inductor,
and n is the turns ratio of the coupled inductor.
When the switch S is turned off, the coupled inductor and
the DC source Vin are in series connected to discharged the
outlet side as shown in Fig.3 (f). By applying voltage-second
balance principle on N1, N2, N3 and Lk, the voltage vN1, vN2, vN3,
and vLk are found as follows:
Dk
vNⅥ1  Vin (4)
1 D
nDk
vNⅥ2  vNⅥ3  Vin (5)
1 D
D (1  k )
vLk

 Vin (6)
1 D
Fig.7. Voltage gain versus the duty cycle of the proposed converter and

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0885-8993 (c) 2016 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TPEL.2017.2689806, IEEE
Transactions on Power Electronics

converters in [30] and basic boost converter at CCM operation under k=1 and as:
n=1.
2n  3 DTsVin
Fig.7 illustrates the voltage gain versus the duty cycle of the I Lm(peak)  Io  (17)
proposed converter compared with the similar converter using 1 D 2 Lm
three winding coupled inductor in [30] and basic boost Since the average currents of all capacitors in one switching
converter at CCM ,in which the k is 1 and n is 1. It is obvious period are zero, the average currents of D1~D4, and Do are
that the voltage gain of the proposed converter has higher respectively equal to the output current Io, so the current
gain. stresses of power devices can be estimated as follows:
2Io
b. Voltage Stresses on Semiconductor Components I Do (peak )  I D1(peak )  I D 3(peak )  (18)
1 D
The voltage stress of the main switch S and D1, D3 are 2I
represented as I D 2(peak )  I D 4(peak )  o (19)
D
1 1
Vds  VC 1  VC 3  VD1  VD 3  Vin  Vo (12) I ds (peak )  I Lm ( peak )  2nI D 2( peak )  2I D 2( peak )
1 D 2n  3
According to the aforementioned description of CCM 4n  4nD  D  4 DTsVin (20)
 
modes, the voltage stress of diodes D2, D4, and Do are given as D (1  D ) 2 Lm
1 n n 1
VD 2  VD 4  Vin  Vo (13) B. DCM operation
1 D 2n  3
2n  1 2n  1 In DCM operation, four modes (I, II, III, IV) are discussed.
VDo  Vin  Vo (14)
1 D 2n  3 In mode IV, the windings voltage can be obtained from Fig.5
(d)
For demonstrating the performance of the proposed
N 1  vN 2  vN 3  0
vⅣ (21)
Ⅳ Ⅳ
converter, the proposed converter is compared with other three
winding coupled inductor converters in [25] and [30] as By applying the voltage-second balance principle to three
shown table 1.It can be found that the voltage of the proposed windings, the following equations can be given:
converter is highest and the voltage stress on switch is lowest DTs ( D  D L )Ts Ts

under the same duty cycle D and the same turns ratio n  vⅠN 1dt   vⅡ
N 1dt   vNⅣ1dt  0 (22)
designed as less than 2. Besides, the quantities of diodes and 0 DTs ( D  DL ) Ts

capacitors are the least as converter introduced in [25], which Where DL=t3-t1.
is conducive to reducing the cost. The primary winding voltage in mode Ⅱ can be obtained
Table 1 performance comparison of similar converters as
High step-up Converter in Converter in Proposed D
converter [25] [30] converter vⅡ
N1  Vin (23)
DL
2n  2  nD 3n  2  nD 2n  3 The voltage across the capacitors C1, C2, C3 and C4 can be
Voltage gain
1 D 1 D 1 D
obtained as:
Voltage stress on Vo Vo Vo
switch D
2n  2  nD 3n  2  nD 2n  3 VC1  VC 3  (1  )Vin (24)
Quantities of DL
5 6 5
diodes
D
Quantities of
5 6 5
VC 2  VC 4  (n  1  )Vin (25)
capacitors DL
Quantities of The output voltage Vo can be obtained as:
3 3 3
windings
D
Vo  (2n  3)(1  )Vin (26)
DL
c. Peak Currents of Semiconductor Components According to (26), the duty cycle DL can be derived as
(2n  3) DVin
In terms of the analysis of the CCM operation, the current DL  (27)
Vo  (2n  3)Vin
ripple of the magnetizing inductor is derived as:
DTsVin Considering the ampere-second balance about C2 and Co,
I L m  (15) the average current of D2 and Do must meet the equation
Lm
According to the conservation of the power, the average I D 2  I Do  I o (28)
current of magnetizing inductor is given by From Fig.4, the following equation is given
2n  3 2V
I Lm  I in  Io (16) DI D 2 p  DL I Dop  o (29)
1 D R
Thus, the peak current of magnetizing inductor is obtained Where ID2p and IDop are respectively the peak values of the

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Transactions on Power Electronics

currents iD2 and iDo. The input voltage and the output voltage are determined by
From Fig.5 (a), the following equation is derived as: the specific application. Hence, if the duty cycle is chosen, the
turns ratio of the coupled inductor can be carried out easily,
I inp  I Lmp  2nI D 2 p (30) and then the voltage stress of power devices can be calculated.
Where Iinp and ILmp are the peak values of the input current Generally, the duty cycle is less than 0.7 in order to decrease
and the magnetizing current respectively. conduction loss. On the contrary, if the duty cycle is too small,
According to the power conservation theorem, and the volume of the coupled inductor will be larger due to the
considering the time interval from t1to t2 is quite small, the bigger turns ratio. As a result, a compromise should be made
following equation is obtained: considering the duty cycle and the turns ratio under given
1 1 V2 voltage gain.
DI inp  DL I Dop  o (31)
2 2 Vin R B. magnetizing inductor of coupled induction design
Substituting (28), (29) and (30) into (31), the voltage gain is
Substituting (33) into (34), the boundary magnetizing
given as:
inductance Lm can be derived:
Vo 3 3 D2 D (1  D ) 2 RTs
M DCM   (n  )  (n  ) 2  (32) LmB 
Vin 2 2 2Lm (36)
2(2n  3) 2
Lm In theory, the proposed converter will be operated in CCM
 Lm  (33)
RTs (continuous conduction mode) if the Lm is higher than LmB, and
If the proposed converter is operated in boundary condition it will be operated in DCM (discontinuous conduction mode)
between CCM and DCM, the voltage gain MCCM is equal to when the Lm is smaller than LmB.
MDCM. From (11)and (32), the boundary normalized C. Main switch and diodes selection
magnetizing-inductor time constant τLmB can be derived as
The voltage stress of active devices can be obtained from
D (1  D ) 2 (12)-(14). In practice, voltage spike will occur when the main
 LmB  (34)
2(2n  3) 2 switch is turned off owing to the leakage inductance of the
coupled inductor and parasitic capacitor. In addition, the spike
voltage also can be caused because of the stray inductance and
capacitance existing in printed circuit board. Hence,
considering above-mentioned factor, the voltage and current
ratings of the chosen active devices are usually larger than
150% of the calculated value.
D. Capacitor selection
The voltage ripple of capacitors depends on the value of
capacitors. In order to restrain the voltage ripple to an
acceptable range, the minimum capacitance should be
calculated. According toΔQ=CΔVC=ICΔT, (37) and (38) can
be used to estimate the capacitance of capacitors, in which Vo
is the output voltage, ΔVC and ΔVCo represent the maximum
Fig.8. Boundary condition of the proposed converter under different turns acceptable voltage ripple on capacitors C1~C4 and Co, fs is the
ratios
switching frequency, and R is the load.
The curve of τLmB versus the duty cycle D is plotted in Fig.8.
If the τLm is higher than τLmB, the proposed converter is Vo
C (37)
operated in CCM. The proposed converter will be operated in VC Rf s
DCM when the τLm is designed smaller than τLmB. DVo
Co  (38)
VCo Rf s
IV. KEY PARAMETER DESIGN GUIDANCE
Considering the equivalent series resistor (ESR), a fraction
A. Turns ratio of coupled induction selection of power will be dissipated when the converter is in operation.
In the proposed converter, the coupled inductor is operated The ESR of an aluminum electrolytic capacitor will be smaller
as both flyback and forward converters, Therefore, the as the capacitance increases. Therefore, the capacitance is
coupled inductor should be designed as a flyback transformer. usually selected to be much larger than the calculated value.
The turns ratio of the coupled inductor has an influence on the
switch duty cycle, the voltage gain, and the voltage stress of V. EXPERIMENT RESULTS
power devices. The turns ratio can be depicted by A prototype in the laboratory is built to verify the
V 3 performance of the proposed converter. The electric
n  o (1  D )  (35)
2Vin 2 specifications and circuit components are selected as Vin =25V,

7
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Transactions on Power Electronics

VO =400V, fs =40KHz, N1:N2:N3=1:1:1, C1= C3=100μF, C2= converter is operated in CCM and the reverse-recovery
C4=220μF, MOSFET IRFP4332 is selected for switch S, the problem of output diode is alleviated. Fig.9 (c) and (d)
diodes are DSEI120A. illustrates the simulated and experimental results of the
Fig.9 (a) and (b) gives the simulated and experimental voltage and current stress across switch S. One can see that the
results of driving signal of switch S and the input current iLk, voltage stress is far lower than output voltage, and the switch
and the current iDo through the diode DO. It shows that the S is turned on with zero current nearly due to the leakage
inductor of coupled inductor..

(a) Simulated results of vgs, iLK and iDo (b) Experimental results of vgs, iLK and iDo

(c) Simulated results of vgs, vds and ids (d) Experimental results of vgs, vds and ids

(e) Simulated results of vD1, iD1, vD2 and iD2 (f) Experimental results of vD1, iD1, vD2 and iD2

(g) Simulated results of vD3, iD3, vD4 and iD4 (h) Experimental results of vD3, iD3, vD4 and iD4
Fig.9 Simulated and experimental results of the proposed converter
The simulated and experimental results of voltages and currents of diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 are demonstrated in Fig.9

8
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Transactions on Power Electronics

(e) to Fig.9 (f), which is good agreement with the principle [13] S. Y. Lin, and C. L. Chen, “Analysis and design for RCD clamped
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VI. CONCLUTION [16] B. Axelrid, Y. Berkovich, and A. Ioinovici,
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Meantime, the operation analysis and design for the converter IEEE ISIC Conf., 2014, pp. 9-12.
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1132-1144,Mar. 2013. Xuefeng Hu was born in Jiangsu Province,
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half-bridge DC-DC converter with reduced circulating loss and output engineering from China University of Mining and
filter inductance,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 30, no. 12, Technology, China in 2001, and Ph.D. degree in
pp.6628-6638,Dec. 2015. electrical engineering from Nanjing University of
[12] Tohid Rahimi, Mehran Sabahi, Mehdi Abapour, Gevork B Gharehpetian. Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA), Nanjing,
“Three-phase soft-switching-based interleaved boost converter with high China in 2014.
reliability.”IET Power Electronics, accepted. DOI: He is presently working as a Professor in the
10.1049/iet-pel.2016.0211 college of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,

9
0885-8993 (c) 2016 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TPEL.2017.2689806, IEEE
Transactions on Power Electronics

Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, China. He is the author or


coauthor of more than 30 technical papers. His current research interests
include renewable energy system, dc-dc and dc-ac power conversion,
modeling and control of the converters, and distributed power system.

Jianzhang Wang was born in Anhui Province, China,


in 1988. He received the B.S degree in electrical
engineering from Anhui University of Technology,
Ma anshan, China in 2012, where he is pursuing the
M.S degree.
His current research interests include power
electronics, solar and wind power generation.

Linpeng Li was born in Henan, China, in 1990. He


received his B.S. degree from Xuchang University,
Xuchang, China, in 2014. He is presently working
towards his M.S. degree in the College of Electrical
Engineering, Anhui University of Technology,
Ma’anshan, China. His current research interests
include power electronics, dc–dc power conversion, and
solar power generation.

Yongchao Li was born in Henan, China, in 1991. He


received his B.S. degree from the Henan University of
Science and Technology, Luoyang, China, in 2013. He
is presently working towards his M.S. degree in the
College of Electrical Engineering, Anhui University of
Technology, Ma’anshan, China. His current research
interests include power electronics, distributed power
system, and solar and wind power generation.

10
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