STATISTICAL TABLES

Appendix A: Areas Under the Normal Curve (Standard Normal Distribution)

This table gives the area between 0 and Z

Z 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09

0.0 0.0000 0.0040 0.0080 0.0120 0.0160 0.0199 0.0239 0.0279 0.0319 0.0359
0.1 0.0398 0.0438 0.0478 0.0517 0.0557 0.0596 0.0636 0.0675 0.0714 0.0753
0.2 0.0793 0.0832 0.0710 0.0910 0.0948 0.0987 0.1026 0.1064 0.1103 0.1141
0.3 0.1179 0.1217 0.1255 0.1293 0.1331 0.1368 0.1406 0.1443 0.1480 0.1517
0.4 0.1554 0.1591 0.1628 0.1664 0.1700 0.1736 0.1772 0.1808 0.1844 0.1879
0.5 0.1915 0.1950 0.1985 0.2019 0.2054 0.2088 0.2123 0.2157 0.2190 0.2224

0.6 0.2257 0.2291 0.2324 0.2357 0.2389 0.2422 0.2454 0.2486 0.2517 0.2549
0.7 0.2580 0.2611 0.2642 0.2673 0.2704 0.2734 0.2764 0.2794 0.2823 0.2852
0.8 0.2881 0.2910 0.2939 0.2967 0.2995 0.3023 0.3051 0.3078 0.3106 0.3133
0.9 0.3159 0.3186 0.3212 0.3238 0.3264 0.3289 0.3315 0.3340 0.3365 0.3389
1.0 0.3413 0.3438 0.3461 0.3485 0.3508 0.3531 0.3554 0.3577 0.3599 0.3621

1.1 0.3643 0.3665 0.3686 0.3708 0.3729 0.3749 0.3770 0.3790 0.3810 0.3830
1.2 0.3849 0.3869 0.3888 0.3907 0.3925 0.3944 0.3962 0.3980 0.3997 0.4015
1.3 0.4032 0.4049 0.4066 0.4082 0.4099 0.4115 0.4131 0.4147 0.4162 0.4177
1.4 0.4192 0.4207 0.4222 0.4236 0.4251 0.4265 0.4279 0.4292 0.4306 0.4319
1.5 0.4332 0.4345 0.4357 0.4370 0.4382 0.4394 0.4406 0.4418 0.4429 0.4441

1.6 0.4452 0.4463 0.4474 0.4484 0.4495 0.4505 0.4515 0.4525 0.4535 0.4545
1.7 0.4554 0.4564 0.4573 0.4582 0.4591 0.4599 0.4608 0.4616 0.4625 0.4633
1.8 0.4641 0.4649 0.4656 0.4664 0.4671 0.4678 0.4686 0.4693 0.4699 0.4706
1.9 0.4713 0.4719 0.4726 0.4732 0.4738 0.4744 0.4750 0.4756 0.4761 0.4767
2.0 0.4772 0.4778 0.4783 0.4788 0.4793 0.4798 0.4803 0.4808 0.4812 0.4817

2.1 0.4821 0.4826 0.4830 0.4834 0.4838 0.4842 0.4846 0.4850 0.4854 0.4857
2.2 0.4861 0.4864 0.4868 0.4871 0.4875 0.4878 0.4881 0.4884 0.4887 0.4890
2.3 0.4893 0.4896 0.4898 0.4901 0.4904 0.4906 0.4909 0.4911 0.4913 0.4916
2.4 0.4918 0.4920 0.4922 0.4925 0.4927 0.4929 0.4931 0.4932 0.4934 0.4936
2.5 0.4938 0.4940 0.4941 0.4943 0.4945 0.4946 0.4948 0.4949 0.4951 0.4952

2.6 0.4953 0.4955 0.4956 0.4957 0.4959 0.4960 0.4961 0.4962 0.4963 0.4964
2.7 0.4965 0.4966 0.4967 0.4968 0.4969 0.4970 0.4971 0.4972 0.4973 0.4974
2.8 0.4974 0.4975 0.4976 0.4977 0.4977 0.4978 0.4979 0.4979 0.4980 0.4981
2.9 0.4981 0.4982 0.4982 0.4983 0.4984 0.4984 0.4985 0.4985 0.4986 0.4986
3.0 0.4987 0.4987 0.4987 0.4988 0.4988 0.4989 0.4989 0.4989 0.4990 0.4990
Note: This table gives the area in the right- hand tail of the distribution.
As the normal distribution is symmetrical about Z=0,
the area in the left-hand tail is the same as the area in the right- hand tail.
P(-1.96<z<0)=P(0<z<1.96)=0.4750 and P(-1.96<z<1.96)=2(0.4750)=0.95 , for example.
Appendix B: Percentage Point of t-distribution
Example: P(t>1.725)=0.05

a
0.25 0.1 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.001
d.f
1 1.000 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657 318.310
2 0.816 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 22.327
3 0.765 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 10.214
4 0.741 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 7.173
5 0.727 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 5.893

6 0.718 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 5.208

7 0.711 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499 4.785
8 0.706 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 4.501
9 0.703 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 4.297
10 0.700 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 4.144

11 0.697 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.719 3.106 4.025

12 0.695 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 3.930
13 0.694 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 3.852
14 0.692 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 3.787
15 0.691 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 3.733

16 0.690 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 3.686

17 0.689 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.646
18 0.688 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.610
19 0.688 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.579
20 0.687 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.552

21 0.686 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.527

22 0.686 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.505
23 0.685 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.485
24 0.685 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.467
25 0.684 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.450

26 0.684 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.435

27 0.684 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.421
28 0.683 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.408
29 0.683 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 3.396
30 0.683 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 3.385

40 0.681 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 3.307

60 0.679 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 3.232
120 0.677 1.289 1.658 1.980 2.358 2.167 3.160
Appendix C: F Values
for α=0.05
V1= degrees of freedom for numerator
V2= degrees of freedom for denominator
V1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20 24
V2
1 161.4 199.5 215.7 225 230 234 237 239 241 242 244 246 248 249
2 18.51 19 19.16 19.2 19.3 19.33 19.4 19.37 19.4 19.39 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.5
3 10.13 9.55 19.28 9.12 9.01 8.94 8.88 8.84 8.81 8.78 8.74 8.7 8.66 8.64
4 7.71 6.94 6.59 6.39 6.26 6.16 6.09 6.04 6 5.96 5.91 5.86 5.8 5.77
5 6.61 5.79 5.41 5.19 5.05 4.95 4.88 4.82 4.78 4.74 4.68 4.62 4.56 4.53
6 5.99 5.14 4.76 4.53 4.39 4.28 4.21 4.15 4.1 4.06 4 3.94 3.87 3.84
7 5.59 4.74 4.35 4.12 3.97 3.87 3.79 3.73 3.68 3.63 3.57 3.51 3.44 3.41
8 5.32 4.46 4.07 3.84 3.69 3.58 3.5 3.44 3.39 3.34 3.28 3.22 3.15 3.12
9 5.12 4.26 3.86 3.63 3.48 3.37 3.29 3.23 3.18 3.13 3.07 3.01 2.93 2.9
10 4.96 4.1 3.71 3.48 3.33 3.22 3.14 3.07 3.02 2.97 2.91 2.85 2.77 2.74
11 4.94 3.98 3.59 3.36 3.2 3.09 3.01 2.95 2.9 2.86 2.79 2.72 2.65 2.61
12 4.75 3.88 3.49 3.26 3.11 3 2.92 2.85 2.8 2.76 2.69 2.62 2.54 2.5
13 4.67 3.8 3.41 3.18 3.02 2.92 2.84 2.77 2.72 2.67 2.6 2.53 2.46 2.42
14 4.6 3.74 3.34 3.11 2.96 2.85 2.77 2.7 2.65 2.6 2.53 2.46 2.39 2.35
15 4.54 3.68 3.29 3.06 2.9 2.79 2.7 2.64 2.59 2.55 2.48 2.4 2.33 2.29
16 4.49 3.63 3.24 3.01 2.85 2.74 2.66 2.59 2.54 2.49 2.42 2.35 2.28 2.24
17 4.45 3.59 3.2 2.96 2.81 2.7 2.62 2.55 2.5 2.45 2.38 2.31 2.23 2.19
18 4.41 3.55 3.16 2.93 2.77 2.66 2.58 2.51 2.46 2.41 2.34 2.27 2.19 2.15
19 4.38 3.52 3.13 2.9 2.74 2.63 2.55 2.48 2.43 2.38 2.31 2.23 2.15 2.11
20 4.35 3.49 3.1 2.87 2.71 2.6 2.52 2.45 2.4 2.35 2.28 2.2 2.12 2.08
21 4.32 3.47 3.07 2.84 2.68 2.57 2.49 2.42 2.37 2.32 2.25 2.18 2.09 2.05
22 4.3 3.44 3.05 2.82 2.66 2.55 2.47 2.4 2.35 2.3 2.23 2.15 2.07 2.03
23 4.28 3.42 3.03 2.8 2.64 2.53 2.45 2.38 2.32 2.28 2.2 2.13 2.04 2
24 4.26 3.4 3.01 2.78 2.62 2.51 2.43 2.34 2.3 2.26 2.18 2.11 2.02 1.98
Appendix D: F Values
for α =0.10
V1= degrees of freedom for numerator
V2= degrees of freedom for denominator
V1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20
V2
1 39.86 49.5 53.59 55.83 57.2 58.2 58.91 59.44 59.86 60.19 60.71 61.22 61.7
2 8.53 9 9.16 9.24 9.29 9.33 9.35 9.37 9.38 9.39 9.41 9.42 9.44
3 5.54 5.46 5.39 5.34 5.31 5.28 5.27 5.25 5.24 5.23 5.22 5.2 5.18
4 4.54 4.32 4.19 4.11 4.05 4.01 3.98 3.95 3.94 3.92 3.9 3.87 3.84
5 4.06 3.78 3.62 3.52 3.45 3.4 3.37 3.34 3.32 3.3 3.27 3.24 3.21
6 3.78 3.46 3.29 3.18 3.11 3.05 3.01 2.98 2.96 2.94 2.9 2.87 2.84
7 3.59 3.26 3.07 2.96 2.88 2.83 2.78 2.75 2.72 2.7 2.67 2.63 2.59
8 3.46 3.11 2.92 2.81 2.73 2.67 2.62 2.59 2.56 2.54 2.5 2.46 2.42
9 3.36 3.01 2.81 2.69 2.61 2.55 2.51 2.47 2.44 2.42 2.38 2.34 2.3
10 3.29 2.92 2.73 2.61 2.52 2.46 2.41 2.38 2.35 2.32 2.28 2.24 2.2
11 3.23 2.86 2.66 2.54 2.45 2.39 2.34 2.3 2.27 2.25 2.21 2.17 2.12
12 3.18 2.81 2.61 2.48 2.39 2.33 2.28 2.24 2.21 2.19 2.15 2.1 2.06
13 3.14 2.76 2.56 2.43 2.35 2.28 2.23 2.2 2.16 2.14 2.1 2.05 2.01
14 3.1 2.73 2.52 2.39 2.31 2.24 2.19 2.15 2.12 2.1 2.05 2.01 1.96
15 3.07 2.7 2.49 2.36 2.27 2.21 2.16 2.1 2.09 2.06 2.02 1.97 1.92
16 3.05 2.67 2.46 2.33 2.24 2.18 2.13 2.09 2.06 2.03 1.99 1.94 1.89
17 3.03 2.64 2.44 2.31 2.22 2.15 2.1 2.06 2.03 2 1.96 1.91 1.86
18 3.01 2.62 2.42 2.29 2.2 2.13 2.08 2.04 2 1.98 1.93 1.89 1.84
19 2.99 2.61 2.4 2.27 2.18 2.11 2.06 2.02 1.98 1.96 1.91 1.86 1.81
20 2.97 2.59 2.38 2.25 2.16 2.09 2.04 2 1.96 1.94 1.89 1.84 1.79
21 2.96 2.57 2.36 2.23 1.14 2.08 2.02 1.98 1.95 1.92 1.87 1.83 1.78
22 2.95 2.56 2.35 2.22 2.13 2.06 2.01 1.97 1.93 1.9 1.86 1.81 1.76
23 2.94 2.55 2.34 2.21 2.11 2.05 1.99 1.95 1.92 1.89 1.84 1.8 1.74
24 2.93 2.54 2.33 2.19 2.1 2.04 1.98 1.94 1.91 1.88 1.83 1.78 1.73
Appendix E: The Durbin Watson Test: Significance Points of dL and dU: 5%
k=1 k=2 k=3 k=4 k=5
n dL dU dL dU dL dU dL dU dL dU
15 1.08 1.36 0.95 1.54 0.82 1.75 0.69 1.97 0.56 2.21
16 1.1 1.37 0.98 1.54 0.86 1.73 0.74 1.93 0.62 2.15
17 1.13 1.38 1.02 1.54 0.9 1.71 0.78 1.9 0.67 2.1
18 1.16 1.39 1.05 1.53 0.93 1.69 0.82 1.87 0.71 2.06
19 1.18 1.4 1.08 1.53 0.97 1.68 0.86 1.85 0.75 2.02
20 1.2 1.41 1.1 1.54 1 1.68 0.9 1.83 0.79 1.99
21 1.22 1.42 1.13 1.54 1.03 1.67 0.93 1.81 0.83 1.96
22 1.24 1.43 1.15 1.54 1.08 1.66 0.96 1.8 0.86 1.94
23 1.26 1.44 1.17 1.54 1.1 1.66 0.99 1.79 0.9 1.92
24 1.27 1.45 1.19 1.55 1.12 1.66 1.01 1.78 0.93 1.9
25 1.29 1.45 1.21 1.55 1.14 1.66 1.04 1.77 0.95 1.89
26 1.3 1.46 1.22 1.55 1.16 1.65 1.06 1.76 0.98 1.88
27 1.32 1.47 1.24 1.56 1.18 1.65 1.08 1.76 1.01 1.86
28 1.33 1.48 1.26 1.56 1.19 1.65 1.1 1.75 1.03 1.85
29 1.34 1.48 1.27 1.56 1.21 1.65 1.12 1.74 1.05 1.84
30 1.35 1.49 1.28 1.57 1.22 1.65 1.14 1.74 1.07 1.83
31 1.36 1.5 1.3 1.57 1.24 1.65 1.16 1.74 1.09 1.82
32 1.37 1.5 1.31 1.57 1.25 1.65 1.18 1.73 1.11 1.81
33 1.38 1.51 1.32 1.58 1.26 1.65 1.19 1.73 1.13 1.81
34 1.39 1.51 1.33 1.58 1.27 1.65 1.21 1.73 1.15 1.8
35 1.4 1.52 1.34 1.58 1.28 1.65 1.22 1.73 1.16 1.8
36 1.41 1.52 1.35 1.59 1.29 1.65 1.24 1.73 1.18 1.8
37 1.42 1.53 1.36 1.59 1.31 1.66 1.25 1.72 1.19 1.79
38 1.43 1.54 1.37 1.59 1.32 1.66 1.26 1.72 1.21 1.79
39 1.43 1.54 1.38 1.6 1.33 1.66 1.27 1.72 1.22 1.79
40 1.44 1.54 1.39 1.6 1.34 1.66 1.29 1.72 1.23 1.78
45 1.48 1.57 1.43 1.62 1.38 1.67 1.34 1.72 1.29 1.77
50 1.5 1.59 1.46 1.63 1.42 1.67 1.38 1.72 1.34 1.77
55 1.53 1.6 1.49 1.64 1.45 1.68 1.41 1.72 1.38 1.77
60 1.55 1.62 1.51 1.65 1.48 1.69 1.44 1.73 1.41 1.77
65 1.57 1.63 1.54 1.66 1.5 1.7 1.47 1.73 1.44 1.77
70 1.58 1.64 1.55 1.67 1.52 1.7 1.49 1.74 1.46 1.77
75 1.6 1.65 1.57 1.68 1.54 1.71 1.51 1.74 1.49 1.77
80 1.61 1.66 1.59 1.69 1.56 1.72 1.53 1.74 1.51 1.77
85 1.62 1.67 1.6 1.7 1.57 1.72 1.55 1.75 1.52 1.77
90 1.63 1.68 1.61 1.7 1.59 1.73 1.57 1.75 1.54 1.78
95 1.64 1.69 1.62 1.71 1.6 1.73 1.58 1.75 1.56 1.78
100 1.65 1.69 1.63 1.72 1.61 1.74 1.59 1.76 1.57 1.78
Note: K=number of explanatory variables excluding the constant term.
 P( c 2 > 15.99 ) = 0.10
Appendix F: The Chi-Square Distribution
Example: for df=10,
α 0.995 0.99 0.975 0.95 0.9 0.75 0.5 0.25 0.1 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005
1 0 0.0002 0.001 0.0039 0.0158 0.102 0.455 1.32 2.71 3.84
df 2 0.01 0.0201 0.0506 0.103 0.211 0.575 1.386 2.77 4.61 5.99 7.38 9.21 10.6
3 0.0717 0.115 0.216 0.352 0.584 1.213 2.37 4.11 6.25 7.81 9.35 11.34 12.84
4 0.207 0.297 0.484 0.711 1.064 1.923 3.36 5.39 7.78 9.49 11.14 13.28 14.86
5 0.412 0.554 0.831 1.145 1.61 2.67 4.35 6.63 9.24 11.07 12.83 15.09 16.75
6 0.676 0.872 1.237 1.635 2.2 3.45 5.35 7.84 10.64 12.59 14.45 16.81 18.55
7 0.989 1.239 1.69 2.17 2.83 4.25 6.35 9.04 12.02 14.07 16.01 18.48 20.3
8 1.344 1.646 2.18 2.73 3.49 5.07 7.34 10.22 13.36 15.51 17.53 20.1 22
9 1.735 2.09 2.7 3.33 4.17 5.9 8.34 11.39 14.68 16.92 19.02 21.7 23.6
10 2.16 2.56 3.25 3.94 4.87 6.74 9.34 12.55 15.99 18.31 20.5 23.2 25.2
11 2.6 3.05 3.82 4.57 5.58 7.58 10.34 13.7 17.28 19.68 21.9 24.7 26.8
12 3.07 3.57 4.4 5.23 6.3 8.44 11.34 14.85 18.55 21 23.3 26.2 28.3
13 3.57 4.11 5.01 5.89 7.04 9.3 12.34 15.98 19.81 22.4 24.7 27.7 29.8
14 4.07 4.66 5.63 6.57 7.79 10.17 13.34 17.12 21.1 23.7 26.1 29.1 31.3
15 4.6 5.23 6.26 7.26 8.55 11.04 14.34 18.25 22.3 25 27.5 30.6 32.8
16 5.14 5.81 6.91 7.96 9.31 11.91 15.34 19.37 23.5 26.3 28.8 32 34.3
17 5.7 6.41 7.56 8.67 10.09 12.79 16.34 20.5 24.8 27.6 30.2 33.4 35.7