Day 11: Administrative System of Asafjahis

Succession in AsafJahis
• Carnatic Problem
 Anwaruddin Vs Chanda Sahib
 Dost Ali
 Return of Chanda Sahib
 Succession issue in Carnatic
• French role
 Muzaffar Jung (Grandson)
 Chanda Sahib (Carnatic)
 Ambur War (August 1749)
 Against Anwaruddin
 Death of Anwaruddin
 Muhammed Ali (Son)-Tiruchinapally
 Chanda Saheb-Nawab of Carnatic
 French- Coromandel and Pondicherry
• British interference
 Nasir Jung (Son of Nizam-ul-Mulk)
 Muhammed Ali
 Negotiation-Meropanth and Qaze Dayem- Failed
• Infight continues
 Marathas release Chand Sahib
 Muhammad Ali
 Chand Sahib to Pondicherry
 Muzaffar Jung Surrendered
 Attack of Pathan Nawabs
 Abdul Nabi Khan of Kadapa
 Himmat Khan Bahadur of Kurnool
 Abdul Karim Khan of Savanoor
 Nasir Jung death (Himmat Khan)
 Muhammed Ali escaped to Chetpat
 Muzaffar Jung next ruler (31st December 1750)
 50000 Pound for French
 Jaffar Jung title- Dupleix
 Masulipatnam, Yanam and Karaikal to French
• Pathan Nawab issue
 War (1751 at Rayachoti)
 Pathan Nawabs Vs Muzaffar Jung and Bussy
 Abdul Karim Khan and Muzaffar Jung died
 Salabat Jung as ruler
Salabat Jung
• Donation to French-Kondapalli, Guntur, Elluru, Rajahmundry
 Dupleix- Governor of coastal regions
• Second Carnatic War (British influence)-(1749-1754)
 Supported Muhammed Ali
 Robert Clive and Lawrence
 Chand Sahib got killed
 Muhammed Ali (Nawab)
 British defeated French at Arcot
 Dupleix went back (1759)
 Gadehue appointed
 Pondicherry treaty
 No local interference
 Recognize the designations of Mughals
 Bussy went back to Deccan
 British recognized Salabat Jung
Battle of Bobbili (1757 AD)
• French domination
• Zamindar revolt
 Rajamundry Shah Nawab Khan
 Fouzdar Ibrahim Khan
• Vijaya Rama Raju (French)
• Bussy (December 1757)
 Surrender of Zamindars
 Ibrahim Khan fled to Bobbili
• Challenge by Bobbili ruler (Raja Ranga Rao)
 Vijaya Rama Raju
 30 French soldiers murder at Bobbili
 French attack (24th January 1757)
 Vijaya Rama Raju, Hyder Jung and Zamindar of Peddapuram
 Ranga Rao lost
 Son as ruler (Bussy)
 Revolt by Tandra Papaiah
 Killed Vijaya Rama Raju
Third Carnatic War
• Seven years War (1756-1763)
• Appointment of Count-de-Lali (French)
 Attack on Tanjavur (1758)
• Battle of Plassey (1757)
• Madras attack
 Bussy
• Nizam supported British
• Robert Clive attack on Northern Circar
 7th December 1758
 Ananda Gajapati (Vijaya Rama Raju-Vijayanagaram)
 Attack on Vishakapatnam
 Chandurti War
 Colonel Ford vs French
 Captain Nocks and Maclein- Rajahmundry
• Treaty-1759 (British and Salabat Jung)
 First political treaty
 Eight districts of Circar
 Masulipatnam, Nizampatnam, Kondaveedu etc
• Madras
 Count-de-Lali and Bussy
• Wandewash War (1760)
 Sir Eyre Coote (Captured Bussy)
 Lali surrendered
• Paris treaty (1763)
• French (Pondicherry)
• British Monopoly
Salabat Jung (1751-1762 AD)
• French domination
• Revolt by Nizam-Ali-Khan and Basalat Jung
 Daulatabad fort
 Nizam-Ali-Khan- Subedar of Berar in 1757
 Maratha issue
 1757 and 1759
 Third battle of Panipat (1761)
 Nizam Ali (Pune attack)
 Treaty with Maratha (1762)
 Salabat Jung (Grand Welcome)
 Nizam Ali killed Salabat Jung (6th July 1762)
 Nizam of Hyderabad
 Adopted the title
• Tension with British
 No help against Marathas
 Death of Ananda Gajapati
 Sanad by Salabat Jung
 Hussain Ali as Fauzdar of Elluru, Rajamundry and Mustafnagar
 Srikakulam revenue duty to Vijayanagaram King
• Battle of Buxer (1764)
 Bengal Nawab, Mughal Emperor Shah Alam and Nawab of Oudh
 Allahabad treaty (1765)
 Firman- North Circars
 Nizam Ali refused
 Mediation by Kandregula Jogi Panthulu
 Revolt in Rajahmundry
 Revolt in forces
 Treaty-Five Northern circar districts (12th November, 1766)
• Diplomacy with Hyder Ali
 Tipu Sultan at Carnatic
 Muhammed Ali
 Defeated by British
 New treaty (23rd February 1768)
 Recognition of Muhammed Ali
• Issue with Basalat Jung
 Murtizanagar (Guntur)
 French domination (Forces)
 Treaty with British (January 1779)
 Removed French and Guntur to British
• Nizam British issue
 Action against Basalat Jung
 Role of British officer Holland
 Death of Basalat Jung (1782)
 Nizam and Cornwallis (1788)
 Guntur to British
• Diplomacy with Mysore
 Hyder Ali victory (First Mysore War (1766-1768)
 Death of Hyder Ali (Second Mysore War (1780-1784)
 Tipu Sultan (Treaty of Mangalore-1784)
 Nizam, British and Maratha (1790)
 Srirangapatnam treaty
 Cornwallis
 Third Mysore War (1790-1792)
 Mysore divided
 Nizam- Gurramkonda, Kadapa, Gandikota and Khammam
• Diplomacy with Marathas
 Issue of Chouth and Sardeshmukhi
 Nana Fadnavis (Peswa)-1791
 Nizam and Mahadaji Sindhia
 Kharda war (March 1795)- Nizam lost-Treaty (Daulatabad, Ahmednagar, Sholapur)
French-Nizam relationship
• British military pact (1768)
• No support against Marathas
• Dissatisfaction-Resident Captain Kirkpatrick
 Removed British forces
• French support (3000 soldiers)
• Raymond Services (15000)
 Kadapa region
• Revolt of Ali Jah (Prince)
 Ali Jah reached Bidar, Medak Zamindar Sadashiva Reddy
 British support (Major Robert)
 Surrendered and committed suicide
 Raymond role
• Death of Raymond (1798)
Subsidiary alliance
• Lord Wellesley
• Tipu and Marathas
• Kirkpatrick
• September 1798
• Six more Battalions
• Protected State
Fourth Mysore War
• Nizam support for British
• Attack on Srirangapatnam
• Victory
• Gooty, Gurramkonda, Jerimulla and Kolar
• Mysore to Wadiyar dynasty
Issue of Subsidiary alliance
• Huge Expense
• Lost territories
Commercial treaty with British
• 1802
• Five percent tax
Sikander Jah (1803-1829)
• Death of Nizam Ali in 1803
• Sikandar Jah- Second Son
• Secunderabad city
• Second Maratha War (1803-1805)
 Less support from Nizam
 Few Army under Berar Governor-Mahipat Ram
 British Victory (23rd September,1803)
 Nizam got Marathwada region
 British disappointment
 Treaty with British (9th January 1804)
 More military cooperation
 Role of Mir-Alam (Diwan)
• Issue with Mir Alam
 Mahipat Ram
 British appointment (Mir Alam)
 Post of Peshkar
 Mahipat Ram
 Raja Chandulal (Peshkar)
• Death of Mir Alam (1808)
 Munir-ul-Mulk vs Shams-ul-Umra
 British- Shams-ul-Umra
 Munir-ul-Mul (Nizam)
 Munir-ul-Mulk (Diwan)
 Chandulal as Peshkar
• New British resident
 1810 (Syden Ham)
 Russell
 Control of Administration
• Russel Brigade
 Zamindar revolt
 Re-organisation of Nizam Forces
 Three forces
 Nizam Private Army
 Army under Diwan
 Linewala (Bidar-Mahipat Ram)
 Russel Brigade was formed
 Hyderabad Contingent
 Third Maratha war (1818)
 Wahabi Movement
Financial exploitation by British
• Palmer and Palmer Company
 William Palmer
 First British citizen in Nizam Army
 1791
 Brigadier-1812
 1814-Opened bank in Hyderabad
 Role of Russel
 Members- William Palmer, Hastings Palmer, William Karri, Bankati Das
 Double interest- 12 percent to 25 percent
 Chandulal (Loan in 1819)
 60 Lakhs @18 percent
 24 Lakh later
 Bidar district (lease)
 Huge loss
 Captions- Nizam looted and All Pay Nizzy
 William Rambold
 1816
 Son-in-Law (Madras Governor)
 Governor General Hastings
Metcalf
• New resident
• December 1820
• Controlled Palmer Company
• Loan by British at 6 percent
• Bidar district to British
• Land revenue on net production basis
• Direct tax collection
• Direct interaction by peasants
• European Supervision- Law and Order
• Hereditary police officers
• New treaty in 1822- Exemption from Chauth levy
• Transfer on 1825
Nasir-Ud-Doula (1829-1857 AD)
• Sikander Jah died on 21st May 1829
• Removed European Superintendents
• General Fraser became the Resident in 1838
• Revolt of Zamindars
 Chandulal
 Metcalf reforms
 European domination of officials
• Wahabi Movement
 Syed Ahmed Brailvey (India)
 1820
 Bengal, North Western Frontiers and United Provinces
 Dominance of Sikhs in Punjab
 Followers- Muzahids
 Death of Syed Ahamed (1831)
 Deccan (1838)
 Mubariz-ud-Daula
 Moulvi Vilayat Ali
 Saleem
• Nizam role
 Mubariz (Golconda Fort)
 Support-Tonku, Rampur, Udayagiri and Kurnool Nawabs
 Death of Mubariz-ud-Doula in 1854
 Declined
Financial crisis in Kingdom
• Debt- 70 Lakhs (1851)
• Governor General-Lord Dalhousie
• Diwan- Siraj-ul-Mulk
 Half payment
• Colonel John Low
 Pressure on Nizam
 Berar Treaty (21st May 1853)
 Berar state, Osmanabad and Raichur
• British Polices
• Fertile land and Mineral resources
• Role of treaties
• Role of Mir Alam, Chandulal
• Role of Residents- Russel and John Low policies
• War-Mysore and Marathas
THANK YOU