Ics Group12

GROUP 12
Bsc. TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING
FIRST YEAR SECOND SEMESTER
ICS 2174: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE
ASSIGNMENT ONE
DATE:2/2/2023
MEMBERS
1.Nelly Frida ENE221-0157/2022
2. Elsy Okado ENE 221-0154/2022
3. Joshua Mango ENE221-0110/2022
4. Eunice Nguni ENE 221-0158/2022
5. Evans Odhiambo ENE221-0126/2022
6.Mautiah Ezra ENE221-0120/2022

History of Computers Generation
Since the evolution of humans, devices have been used for calculations
for thousands of years. One of the earliest and most well-known devices
was an abacus. Then in 1822, the father of computers, Charles
Babbage began developing what would be the first mechanical
computer. And then in 1833 he actually designed an Analytical Engine
which was a general-purpose computer. It contained an ALU, some
basic flow chart principles and the concept of integrated memory.Then
more than a century later in the history of computers, we got our first
electronic computer for general purpose. It was the ENIAC, which
stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. The inventors
of this computer were John W. Mauchly and J.Presper Eckert.And with
times the technology developed and the computers got smaller and the
processing got faster. We got our first laptop in 1981 and it was
introduced by Adam Osborne and EPSON
Generations of Computers
In the history of computers, we often refer to the advancements of
modern computers as the generation of computers. We are
currently on the fifth generation of computers. So let us look at the
important features of these five generations of computers.
• 1st Generation: This was from the period of 1940 to 1955. This
was when machine language was developed for the use of
computers. They used vacuum tubes for the circuitry. For the
purpose of memory, they used magnetic drums. These machines
were complicated, large, and expensive. They were mostly reliant
on batch operating systems and punch cards. As output and
input devices, magnetic tape and paper tape were implemented.
For example, ENIAC, UNIVAC-1, EDVAC, and so on.
• 2nd Generation: The years 1957-1963 were referred to as the

“second generation of computers” at the time. In second-
generation computers, COBOL and FORTRAN are employed as
assembly languages and programming languages. Here they
advanced from vacuum tubes to transistors. This made the
computers smaller, faster and more energy-efficient. And they
advanced from binary to assembly languages. For instance, IBM
1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, and so forth. Input device
was keybord and output device was CRT displays. Storage they
used magnetic disks.
• 3rd Generation: The hallmark of this period (1964-1971) was the

development of the integrated circuit. A single integrated circuit
(IC) is made up of many transistors, which increases the power of
a computer while simultaneously lowering its cost. These
computers were quicker, smaller, more reliable, and less expensive
than their predecessors. High-level programming languages such
as FORTRON-II to IV, COBOL, and PASCAL PL/1 were utilized.
For example, the IBM-360 series, the Honeywell-6000 series, and
the IBM-370/168. Keyboard was the input device and CRT
display output device. Used magnetic disks for storage.
• 4th Generation: The invention of the microprocessors brought
along the fourth generation of computers. The years 1971-1980
were dominated by fourth generation computers. C, C++ and Java
were the programming languages utilized in this generation of
computers. For instance, the STAR 1000, PDP 11, CRAY-1,
CRAY-X-MP, and Apple II. This was when we started producing
computers for home use. Keyboard was the input device and CRT
Display the output device. Used floppy disks for storage.
• 5th Generation: These computers have been utilized since 1980

and continue to be used now. This is the present and the future of
the computer world. The defining aspect of this generation is
artificial intelligence. The use of parallel processing and
superconductors are making this a reality and provide a lot of
scope for the future. Fifth-generation computers use ULSI (Ultra
Large Scale Integration) technology. These are the most recent and
sophisticated computers. C, C++, Java,.Net, and more
programming languages are used. For instance, IBM, Pentium,
Desktop, Laptop, Notebook, Ultrabook, and so on. Input devices
are mouse and keyboards. Output devices are CRT/LCD
Displays. Storage devices are hard disks, flash drives etc.

Ics Group12

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ics Group12

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ics Group12

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

GROUP 12

Bsc. TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING

FIRST YEAR SECOND SEMESTER

ICS 2174: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE

1.Nelly Frida ENE221-0157/2022

2. Elsy Okado ENE 221-0154/2022

3. Joshua Mango ENE221-0110/2022

4. Eunice Nguni ENE 221-0158/2022

5. Evans Odhiambo ENE221-0126/2022

6.Mautiah Ezra ENE221-0120/2022

• 2nd Generation: The years 1957-1963 were referred to as the

• 3rd Generation: The hallmark of this period (1964-1971) was the

• 5th Generation: These computers have been utilized since 1980

You might also like