NCM 103a Module 12 Massage PDF

NCM 103A: FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING (RLE)
Topic: Therapeutic Massage
Activate Prior Knowledge

Identify and define the different bed positions that can be applied to patients who are
confined in bed.
Acquire New Knowledge

Learning Objectives:
At the end of lecture-discussion and demonstration, the students will be able to:
1. Define and know the purpose of therapeutic massage
2. Effectively and accurately know and perform the different types of massage.
Massage
❖ It is the manipulation of the body's soft tissues.
❖ Massage techniques are commonly applied with hands, fingers, elbows, knees, forearms,
feet, or a device.
❖ The purpose of massage is generally for the treatment of body stress or pain
Types of Massage:
1. Reactional massage
❖ The use of a variety of manual techniques designed to relieve stress, promote relaxation
and general wellness in a person who has no definable health problem.
2. Therapeutic massage
❖ Use of a variety of manual techniques designed to promote stress relief and relaxation,
mobilize various structures, relieve pain and swelling, prevent deformity and promote
functional independence in a person who has a specific health problem.
❖ It is the application of pressure and motion by the hands with the intent of improving the
recipient’s well-being.
❖ This can be used with all age groups and are especially beneficial to those who are
immobilized.
Purposes:
Back Rub or Massage:

1. Can promote relaxation,
2. Increases circulation of the blood and lymph nodes,
3. Provides relief from musculoskeletal stiffness, pain and spasms.
4. Significantly reduces anxiety, heart rate, blood pressure, and perception of pain caused
by long hospitalization, treatments or examinations.
Massage Techniques:
1. Effleurage - a form of massage in which the hands are passed continuously and rhythmically
over a patient’s skin in one direction only, with the aim of increasing blood flow in that direction
and aiding the dispersal of any swelling due to edema.
▪ The whole hand is used. Gliding and long rhythmic strokes are used.
▪ Firm, even-pressured strokes are directed toward the heart to assist blood return.
▪ Lighter pressure is used when moving away from the heart.
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2. Petrissage - a movement in massage that resembles kneading.
▪ Pressing, squeezing, kneading, and rolling movements by both hands (entire hands).
▪ Deep circulation is enhanced.
▪ C-shaped motions stimulate the muscle body.
▪ Promotes muscle relaxation.
3. Friction – are specific manipulations performed forwards and backwards on small areas of
the body using fingers or thumbs. Friction are applied both deep and superficial dependent on
the desired outcome.
▪ Thumb pads, heel of hand, or fingertips are used.

▪ Focused, deep, circular motions are used.
▪ Penetrates deeper muscle layers.
▪ Is done after effleurage and petrissage.
4. Tapotement - it is a rhythmic percussion, most frequently administered with the edge of the
hand, a cupped hand or the tips of the fingers.
▪ Palms, fingertips, and knuckles are used.

▪ Brisk, vigorous, rhythmic, percussive movements are used.
▪ Hands alternately tap, cup, slap, and pummel muscles.
▪ Invigorates and stimulates tired muscles.
5. Touch Vibrations – a therapeutic procedure in which the body is shaken rapidly.
▪ Fine, rapid shaking movements are administered by the entire hand.

▪ Stimulates of relaxes muscles.
Equipment’s:
Lotion or oil or powder
Hand towel
Bath towel
Blanket/sheet
Procedure and rationale:
Procedure Rationale
1. 0
Set room temperature at 75 F. Provide Providing low lighting and privacy avoids
low lighting, privacy and background unnecessary exposure of the patient while
music. providing a low and soft music sets a
relaxing mood.
2. Prepare table or hospital bed. Adjust bed to a high, comfortable position

ensures proper body mechanics and
prevents strain on nurse’s back muscles.
3. Remove rings and watch. Wash hands. Prevents injury and reduce transfer of
microorganisms.
4. Explain procedure to the client. Knowing what to expect and how long the
procedure will take helps client to cope
and eliminate anxiety.
5. Assist client to assume either a prone, This enhances relaxation and exposes area
Sim’s, or sitting position, depending on to be massaged.
client’s condition.
6. Loosen or remove clothing from the Exposes adequate area for massage.
client’s back and arms. Drape client Draping the client provides privacy and
with sheet, as needed. warmth.
7. Squeeze small amount of lotion or oil Cold lotion causes chilling and discomfort.
into palm of hand and warm.
8. Begin with light to medium effleurage Continuous contact is soothing and
at lower back and continue upward stimulates circulation and muscle
following muscle groups, being careful relaxation.
to avoid spine and spinal processes.
Move hands up toward base of neck
and continue outward over trapezius
muscles with circular motions, over
and around shoulders and upper arms,
and return with lighter downward
strokes laterally over latissimus dorsi
to upper gluteals. Use slow rhythmic
movements, keeping in contact with
skin at all times. Check pressure.
Continue effleurage for approximately
3 minutes.
9. Continue treatment, if appropriate, Kneading increases blood circulation.

with gentle pertrissage to major
muscle groups in back, shoulders, and
upper arms.
10. Use friction to particular muscle Friction increases local circulation and
groups where tension is being held. loosens tight muscle groups.
11. Use tapotement to stimulate any Invigorates and stimulates tires muscles.
fatigued muscle groups.
12. Finish treatment with effleurage. Effleurage relaxes the patient and lessens
tension.
13. Wipe any excess lotion or oil from skin Drying provides comfort and reduces the
or use warm soap and water to clean feeling of moisture on the back.
client’s skin, then dry completely.
14. Assist client into comfortable position. Promotes sense of well-being.
15. Document treatment, client’s Documentation provides communication

response, and skin assessment data. about the procedure and the condition of
the patient’s skin and promotes continuity
of care.
16. Wash hands/ hand hygiene. Deters the spread of microorganisms.
Application:
1. Therapeutic massage return demonstration
Assessment:
1. Post Test
References:
Text book
• Berman, A., Snyder, S. J., Levett-Jones, T., Dwyer, T., Hales, M., Harvey, N., … & Stanley,
D. (2018). Kozier and Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing [4th Australian edition]
• Rosdahl, C. B., & Kowalski, M. T. (Eds.). (2008). Textbook of basic nursing. Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
Online:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7VV-AFiRwU
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7d87KrXs8N8
Prepared by:
NCM 103a Instructors

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What are the different types of massage discussed?

What are the different massage techniques described and what do they involve?

NCM 103A: FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING (RLE)

Topic: Therapeutic Massage

Activate Prior Knowledge

Acquire New Knowledge

Back Rub or Massage:

▪ Thumb pads, heel of hand, or fingertips are used.

▪ Palms, fingertips, and knuckles are used.

5. Touch Vibrations – a therapeutic procedure in which the body is shaken rapidly.

▪ Fine, rapid shaking movements are administered by the entire hand.

Procedure and rationale:

2. Prepare table or hospital bed. Adjust bed to a high, comfortable position

9. Continue treatment, if appropriate, Kneading increases blood circulation.

14. Assist client into comfortable position. Promotes sense of well-being.

15. Document treatment, client’s Documentation provides communication

16. Wash hands/ hand hygiene. Deters the spread of microorganisms.

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