Study on Indian Initial Public Offering (IPO) market and its Regulatory aspect with reference to Religare Securities

Ltd
Project report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements and for the award of Degree of Post Graduate Diploma in Management (PGDM)

BY RADHE SHYAM LAL (Registration No. 09/042) Institute of Computer & Business Management School of Business Excellence Member ACBSE

Approved by AICTE Govt. Of India HYDERABAD-500048

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped and supported me during the writing of this book. First of all I would like to convey my sincere gratitude to Dr. S. Zarar and Mrs. Ritu Zarar, Principal and chairman (Institute for Computers and Business Management) for their unprecedented support and giving me an opportunity to do my summer internship program at RELIGARE SECURITIES LTD, which has been a pure learning experience and has enlightened my knowledge and skills about financial aspect. I would also like to express my gratitude to Prof. Jitender Govindani, Administrative Director, Institute of Computers and Business Management and my special thanks to finance faculty and my mentor Mr. Ramesh Babu Sir and Mrs. Annie Kavita Maam for his outstanding and undeniable considerations. I would also like to thank all my friends who have bore with me during this project, apart from that, those who have helped up in to some way or the other. Last but not the least I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to my parent, who were with me when I was some expensive about the project. Their help and encouragement also proved to be a handful. I express my gratefulness to the Mr. Praveen Mahendraker, associate Vice President Investment Banking in Religare Capital Markets Limited in Hyderabad for their valuable suggestion, constant encouragement, silent support & unwavering confidence, without which this project would not have been possible. It was they who motivated for this cause (to do something entirely new) and always was present with their expert guidance and disciplined ideas.

Radhe Shyam Lal

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project on Study on Indian Initial Public Offering (IPO) market and its Regulatory aspect with reference to Religare Securities Ltd in Hyderabad is completely my work. It has been submitted to ICBM-SCHOOL OF BUSINESS EXCELLENCE for partial fulfillment of the educational session and allotment of marks.

Radhe shyam lal 09/42

CERTIFICATE FROM THE ORGANIZATION

CONTENT
SR.NO PARTICULAR PAGE. NO

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

Introduction Objectives of the Project Research Methodology Scope of the Project Limitation Review of Literature

1-2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8-10 11-12 13-14 15-16 17 17 18 19 20-21 21-22 23 24 25-26 27-33 34-51

INDUSTRY PROFILE 2.1 Initial Public Offer 2.2 SEBI (Regulatory Aspect) 2.3 NSE 2.4 BSE COMPANY PROFILE 3.1 Name of the Organization 3.2 History and background 3.3 Group structure 3.4 About Religare Sec. limited 3.5 The Religare Edge 3.6 Company IPO Indian IPO market 4.1 IPO overview 4.2 Process of IPO 4.3 Role of Regulatory Aspect 4.3.1 SEBI 4.3.2 NSE 4.3.3 BSE Data Analysis and interpretation

52-64

Conclusion 6.1 Findings 6.2 Suggestions BIBLIOGRAPHY ANNEXURE

65 66-67 68 69 70-77

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INTRODUCTION
This report, as the title Public issue suggests, is an attempt to bring forth the importance of the process of Issue of an Initial Public Offer (IPO). When a Company issues an IPO, it means it is going public. The issue of an IPO introduces a great degree of transparency in a Companys operations. All the relevant and updated information pertaining to the company is laid down before the investors so that they may make an investment decision. Again, there are set procedures, rules, regulations and laws to be followed in laying down this information before the investors. A document called the Prospectus must be prepared. The Prospectus captures all the necessary information that is to be made available to the investors. Apart from the Prospectus, there are various other company documents that need to be verified and summarized in order to present them before the investors. Many Intermediaries are appointed for the purpose of managing the public issue of an IPO of a company. They play a vital role by coordinating the activities of the company, the Regulatory Bodies and Investors. The following are the responsibilities: Company, to manage the entire process of issue of its IPO, and to

present the Companys information before the investors in a concise and unambiguous form.

Investors, to give them all the relevant and updated information on Regulatory Bodies such as the Securities and Exchange Board of In order to fulfill all their responsibilities well, they must work

the Company, while at the same time protecting their interests

India, to adhere to all secretarial and legal work. diligently. The process through which they verify and summarize the Companys information is thus called the process of Due Diligence.
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These Intermediaries must issue Due Diligence Certificates at various points during the issue process, saying that the company documents have all been verified and are correct. This report will take the reader through the entire process of the Issue of an IPO and will lay special emphasis on the dynamic role played by them. This report aims at highlighting the key points about an IPO issue by separating the concrete points regarding an issue from the frills, and focusing on these concrete points.

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Objectives of the Project

To study and analysis the Indian initial public offering (IPO) market and Role of its regulatory aspect.

To study and understand the concept of and procedure, problem,

benefits, involved in Initial Public Offers (IPOs). To understand the role of intermediaries in managing Initial Public Offers.
To know various services offered by religare securities.

To study risks faced by investor in primary market.

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Scope of the Project

The following report is an attempt to analyses thoroughly, the behavior and dynamics of Initial Public Offerings market in India. In other words, its a detailed study on the Primary and secondary Market in India. A long with study on IPO process and its regulatory aspect. This study takes into account Public Offerings made by major companies in various sectors, in a period ranging of last few year. The sectors taken into consideration area) Industrials b) Consumer goods & retail c) Technology , media & Telecommunication d) Real Estate & infrastructure e) Banking, financial Services & insurance f) Healthcare & life sciences

g) Power and Energy The study analyses the behavior of public offerings of companies within each sector and also attempts to make a comparative analysis among the sectors, with the purpose of gauging investor preference. Over subscription and under subscription analysis determines the investor preference at the time of issue.

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Research Methodology

Sources of Study The data for the project has been collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data has been collected by:
Consulting the officials associate Vice President Investment

Banking in Religare Capital Markets Limited in Hyderabad. Also, IPO prospectus and all the necessary documents required for, and furnished by, the companies for managing the issue of IPOs and IPO process have been used as primary data.

Secondary data

 It includes, information secured from web sites, magazines and the

daily experience, observations and through newspapers.

Books related to Financial Management. Web sites were used as the vital information source.

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Limitations of the project

Although Initial Public Offers are issued by many companies, this

study is confined to a few companies only. These are companies that fall within limited company.
This study will be limited to the information willingly shared by the

authorities and of RSL.

To understand the overall India IPO market, the period of 45 days is

not enough, so finding cannot be generalized for all times.

The data followed in project is partly based on Secondary

information and it cant be held true as 100% correct.

The scope of the study is very vast. It is very difficult to cover and

focus on all the areas. Therefore an attempt is made to cover as much as possible.

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Review of Literature

IPO INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING is the hottest topic in the current industry, mainly because of India being a developing country and lot of growth in various sectors which leads a country to ultimate success. And when we talk about countrys growth which is dependent on the kind of work and how much importance to which sector is given. And when we say or talk about industries growth which leads the economy of country has to be balanced and given proper finance so as to reach the levels to fulfill the needs of the society. And industries which have massive outflow of work and a big portfolio then its very difficult for any company to work with limited finance and this is where IPO plays an important role. This report talks about how IPO helps in raising fund for the companies going public, what are its pros and cons, and also it gives us detailed idea why companies go public. How and what are the steps taken by the companies before going for any IPO and also the role of (SEBI) Securities and Exchange Board of India the BSE and NSE , what are primary and secondary markets and also the important terms related to IPO. It gives us idea of how IPO is driven in the market and what are various factors taken

into consideration before going for an IPO. And it also tells us how we can more or less judge a good IPO.

IPO has been one of the most important generators of funds for the small companies making them big and given a new vision in past and it is still continuing its work and also for many coming years.

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INDUSTRY PROFILE

INDIAN IPO MARKET HISTORY

The term initial public offering (IPO) slipped into everyday speech during the tech bull market of the late 1990s. Back then, it seemed you couldn't go a day without hearing about a dozen new dotcom millionaires in Silicon Valley who were cashing in on their latest IPO. The phenomenon spawned the term siliconaire, which described the dotcom entrepreneurs in their early 20s and 30s who suddenly found themselves living large on the proceeds from their internet companies' IPOs. INVESTORS are still wary of equities in the 1990s, to blame are the excesses in the primary market in the 1990s. Of the thousands of IPOs (initial public offerings) and offers for sale made between 1994 and 1996, less than a hundred were from companies with track record. Even in this

shortlist, only a few managed to complete planned projects and deliver value to investors. The rest just frittered the money away. The primary market of the mid-1990s was merely used as a channel to move public funds into private hands. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) was late to wake up to the excesses, but when it did, it improved the disclosure framework, tightened the prerequisites for an IPO, and towards the end of the decade, introduced book-building.

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CURRENT POSITION OF INDIAN IPO MARKET

India is being lauded as the savior of the ailing global IPO market with $3.3 billion worth of proceeds from eight deals. This makes India the largest IPO market in the world so far this year. India accounts for 49.1% of global IPO proceeds at the moment, compared to just 3.7% same time last year. Significant, given that global IPOs declined 36.1% over the last one year. It was the real estate sector which took the maximum advantage of the bullish stock market trends in 2007. According to the industry body Assocham, real estate players raised the maximum amount of funds from the capital market through IPOs last year. Realty firms picked up around 42.7% of the total funds generated through IPOs. Of the Rs.34,119 crore raised in the primary market in the period starting from January 1, 2007 to mid-December, about Rs.14,591 crore was raised by the realty firms.

Financial Year 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Amount raised through IPO Rs 1,039 crore Rs 17,807 crore Rs 21,432 crore Rs 23,676 crore Rs 24,994 crore Rs 52,253 crore

Secondary markets out performed primary markets in 2009, but we expect 2010 will be exciting performance for both primary and secondary markets. With more than 60 firms already in process for approval form SEBI to raise approximate INR 400B, we expect the number of draft offer document filed with SEBI will match the levels of 2007 The divestment programme is expected to gain the momentum in 2010, with government expecting to raise INR 500 B by end of 2010.

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2010 will see the IPOs of BSNL and RITES and FPO of SAIL. With the handy increase in liquidity in market and stabilization in secondary markets, the companies will raise money with ease in early in 2010.

PRIMARY MARKET AND SECONDARY MARKET

When shares are bought in an IPO it is termed primary market. The primary market does not involve the stock exchanges. A company that plans an IPO contacts an investment banker who will in turn called on securities dealers to help sell the new stock issue. This process of selling the new stock issues to prospective investors in the primary market is called underwriting. When an investor buys shares from another investor at an agreed prevailing market price, it is called as buying from the secondary market.

The secondary market involves the stock exchanges and it is regulated by a regulatory authority. In India, the secondary and primary markets are governed by the Security and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF AN IPO ADVANTAGES Increased capital Liquidity Increased Prestige Valuation Increased wealth DISADVANTAGES Time and Expense Disclosure Decision based upon stock price Regulatory Review
Falling Stock Price
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Securities and Exchange Board of India The Securities and Exchange Board of India was established on April 12, 1992 in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act,1992. The PREAMBLE of the Securities and Exchange Board of India describes the basic functions of the Securities and Exchange Board of India as ..to protect the interests of investors in securities and to promote the development of, and to regulate the securities market and for matters connected there with or incidental thereto The mission of SEBI is to make India as one of the best securities market of the world and SEBI as one of the most respected regulator in the world. OBJECTIVE SEBI protect the interests of investors in securities, and promotes the development of Securities Market and it also regulates the securities market. Another significant event is the approval of trading in stock indices (like Nifty & Sensex) in 2000. A market Index is a convenient and effective product because of the following reasons: It is used in derivative instruments like index futures and index options; It can be used for passive fund management as in case of Index Funds.
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FUNCTIONS The regulation of the capital markets is primarily the responsibility of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), which is located in Mumbai. Some of the major functions of SEBI are:

 SEBI is expected to regulate the business in stock exchanges and any other securities markets. Registering and regulating the working of collective investment schemes, including mutual funds is a responsibility of SEBI. SEBI is responsible for prohibiting fraudulent and unfair trade practices relating to securities markets. Prohibiting insider trading in securities, with the imposition of monetary penalties, on erring market intermediaries. Regulating substantial acquisition of shares and takeover of companies.

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The National Stock Exchange (NSE) is India's leading stock exchange covering various cities and towns across the country. NSE was set up by leading institutions to provide a modern, fully automated screen-based trading system with national reach. The Exchange has brought about unparalleled transparency, speed & efficiency, safety and market integrity. It has set up facilities that serve as a model for the securities industry in terms of systems, practices and procedures.

The Organization The National Stock Exchange of India Limited has genesis in the report of the High Powered Study Group on Establishment of New Stock Exchanges, which recommended promotion of a National Stock Exchange by financial institutions (FIs) to provide access to investors from all across the country on an equal footing. Based on the recommendations, NSE was promoted by leading Financial Institutions at the behest of the Government of India and was incorporated in November 1992 as a tax-paying company unlike other stock exchanges in the country. On its recognition as a stock exchange under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 in April 1993, NSE commenced operations in the Wholesale Debt Market (WDM) segment in June 1994. The Capital Market (Equities) segment commenced operations in November 1994 and operations in Derivatives segment commenced in June 2000.

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Market Segments and Products NSE provides a trading platform for of all types of securities for investors under one roof Equity, Corporate Debt, Central and State Government Securities, T-Bills, Commercial Paper (CPs), Certificate of Deposits (CDs), Warrants, Mutual Funds (MFs) units, Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), Derivatives like Index Futures, Index Options, Stock Futures, Stock Options and Currency Futures. The Exchange provides trading 5 in 4 different segments viz., Wholesale Debt Market (WDM) segment, Capital Market (CM) segment, Futures & Options (F&O) segment and the Currency Derivatives Segment (trading on which commenced on August 29, 2008) Graph depicting the turnover in NSE

The above graph depicts the turnover of NSE from 2000 to 2007,the graph shows from a mare turnover of above 1,000,000 crore in the year 2000 how it has decreased and increased to more than 3,500,000 crore in the

year 2007, constant increase in turnover itself proves the growth and attractiveness of this market.
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Bombay Stock Exchange Limited (the Exchange) is the oldest stock exchange in Asia with a rich heritage. Popularly known as "BSE", it was established as "The Native Share & Stock Brokers Association" in 1875. It is the first stock exchange in the country to obtain permanent recognition in 1956 from the Government of India under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956.The Exchange's pivotal and pre-eminent role in the development of the Indian capital market is widely recognized and its index, SENSEX, is tracked worldwide. Earlier an Association of Persons (AOP), the Exchange is now a demutualised and corporatised entity incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, pursuant to the BSE Scheme, 2005 notified by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).Bombay Stock Exchange Limited received its Certificate of Incorporation on 8th August, 2005 and Certificate of Commencement of Business on 12th August, 2005. The 'Due Date' for taking over the business and operations of the BSE, by the Exchange was fixed for 19th August, 2005, under the Scheme. The Exchange has succeeded the business and operations of BSE on going concern basis and its recognition as an Exchange has been continued by SEBI

The Exchange has a nation-wide reach with a presence in 417 cities and towns of India. The systems and processes of the Exchange are designed to safeguard market integrity and enhance transparency in operations. During the year 2004-2005, the trading volumes on the Exchange showed robust growth.
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Coverage: The equity shares of 200 selected companies from the specified and non specified lists of this Exchange have been considered for inclusion in the sample for `BSE-200'. The selection of companies has primarily been done on the basis of current market capitalization of the listed scripts on the exchange. Besides market capitalization, the market activity of the companies as reflected by the volumes of turnover and certain fundamental factors were considered for the final selection of the 200 companies. Choice of Base Year: The financial year 1989-90 has been chosen as the base year for the price stability exhibited during that year and due to its proximity to the current period. Graph depicting the turnover of BSE:

The above graph shows the turnover in BSE from the year 2000 to the year 2007. The graph easily shows that the turnover of BSE has increased in leaps and bounds over the given period.
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COMPANY PROFILE

RELIGARE SECURITIES LTD.

SEBI Registration No: INMOOOO11062 Corporate Office: 19 Nehru Place, New Delhi 110019 Website: www.religare.in Email: [email protected] SMS: RELIGARE to 5888 PUNE: Ground Floor, Amar Caliber,

BMCC Road, Shivajinagar, Pune 411004 AHMEDNAGAR: 5&6, Himalaya Tower, Opp. Deepak Hospital, Savedi Road, Ahmednagar 414003

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HISTORY AND BACKGROUND

RELIGARE Securities Ltd. (RSL) is a wholly owned subsidiary of RELIGARE Financial Services Ltd. (RFSL), a Company promoted by the late Dr.Parvinder Singh, Ex-CMD of Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. The primary focus of Religare Securities Ltd. is to cater to services in Capital Market Operations to Institutional Investors. The Company is a member of the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and OTCEI. The growing list of financial institutions with whom RSL is empanelled as approved Broker is a reflection of the high levels of services maintained by the Company.

REL operates from seven domestic regional offices, 43 sub-regional offices, and has a presence in 498* cities and towns controlling 1,837* business locations all over India. To make a mark in the global arena, REL acquired UK-based Hichens, Harrison & Co. in 2008 which was subsequently re-named as Religare Hichens Harrison PLC ("RHH"). Hichens, Harrison & Co. was incorporated in London in the year 1803 and is believed to be one of the oldest firms of stockbrokers in the City of London. Pursuant to expansion of REL's business, the company has grown from largely an equity trading company into a diversified financial services company. With the addition of RHH the REL group now operates out of multiple global locations, other than India, (the UK, the USA, Brazil, South Africa, Dubai and Singapore). RELIGARE was founded with the vision of providing integrated financial care driven by the relationship of trust. The bouquet of services offered by RELIGARE includes Broking (Stocks and Commodities), Depository Participant Service, Advisory on Mutual Fund Investments and Portfolio Management Services. RELIGARE is a pioneer in the concept of partnership to reach multiple locations in order to effectively service its large base of individual clients. Besides the reach of RELIGARE, the clients of the company greatly benefit by its strong research capability, which encompasses fundamentals as well as technical knowledge.
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Religare Securities Ltd

Religare Finvest ltd

Religare Wealth Mgt Services Ltd

s

Religare Commodities Ltd

Religare capital RELIGARE ENTERPRISE Markets Ltd

Religare Insurance Broking Ltd

LIMITED Religare finance Ltd

Religare Venture Capital Pvt Ltd

Religare Realty Ltd

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ABOUT RELIGARE SECURITIES LIMITED

BRND IDENTITY Name Religare is a Latin word that translates as 'to bind together'. This name has been chosen to reflect the integrated nature of the financial services the company offers. Symbol The Religare name is paired with the symbol of a four-leaf clover. Traditionally, it is considered good fortune to find a four-leaf clover as there is only one four-leaf clover for every 10,000 three-leaf clovers found.

For us, each leaf of the clover has a special meaning. It is a symbol of Hope. Trust. Care. Good Fortune. For the world, it is the symbol of Religare.

The first leaf of the clover represents Hope, The aspirations to succeed. The dream of becoming, Of new possibilities, It is the beginning of every step and the foundation on which a person reaches for the stars.

The second leaf of the clover represents Trust, The ability to place ones own faith in another. To have A relationship as partners in a

team. To accomplish a given goal with the balance that brings satisfaction to all, not in the binding, but in the bond that is built.
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The third leaf of the clover represents Care, The secret ingredient that is the cement in every relationship. The truth of feeling that underlines sincerity and the triumph of diligence in every aspect. From it springs true warmth of service and the ability to adapt to evolving environments with consideration to all.

The fourth and final leaf of the clover represents Good Fortune. Signifying that rare ability to meld opportunity and planning with circumstance to generate those often looked for remunerative moments of success.

Hope. Trust. Care. Good Fortune. All elements perfectly combine in the emblematic and rare, four-leaf clover to visually symbolize the values that bind together and form the core of the Religare vision.

THE RELIGARE EDGE

Diverse offerings Dynamic Management Team State-of-the art technology Vast Distribution and Reach Robust Brand Recognition Synergistic partnerships

 Innovative Initiative

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RELIGARE GLOBAL NETWORK

Religare operate across multiple locations & countries. INDIA DUBAI QATAR HONG KONG MALAYSIA SINGAPORE TOKYO INDONESIA BRAZIL NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO UNITED KINGDOM

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Companys IPO
Name of the issue
KAUSAR INDIA LIMITED

Sr . N o

Book Running Lead Manager

Religare capital markets limited
KEYNOTE CORPORATIO N SERVICE LIMITED INDIA INFOLINE LTD & SPA

Date of issue
Mar 23, 2009 to Mar 25, 2009

Floo No. of r Exit No. of biddin Issue Price Pric member g Size (in e s centers Rs) (in Rs 1 30
9,74,26 8

1 2 3

13.00

50.5 4 45

EMMBI POLYARN S LIMITED

01/02/ 2010 TO 03/02/ 2010

84

51

95.74

40 TO 45 155 TO 165

INFINITE COMPUTE R SOLUTION (INDIA

11/JAN / 2010 TO 13/ JAN/

121

45

115,03

165

LTD)

MERCHANT BANKER LTD

2010

Standard Chartered PLC

Symbol Series Issue Period Post issue Modification Period Issue Size Issue Type Price Range Tick Size Market Lot Minimum Order Quantity Maximum Subscription Amount for Retail Investor STAN EQ May 25, 2010 to May 28, 2010 May 29, 2010 240,000,000 INDIAN DEPOSITORY RECEIPTS (including Anchor investor portion of 36,000,000 IDRs) 100% Book Building Rs 100 to Rs 115 Re. 1/200 IDRs 200 IDRs Rs.100000

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INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING

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AN OVERVIEW OF INITIAL PUBLIC OFFER

An IPO or an Initial Public Offer is a company's first sale of equity shares to the general public. Shares offered in an IPO are often, but not always, those of newly setup companies seeking outside equity capital and a public market for their shares. An Initial Public Offering (IPO) can be a good investment avenue for equity investors. While the IPO market is dry these days, a fresh crop is expected soon. It is important to understand IPOs and decide whether to invest in them or not.

Why does a company go for an IPO

Initial Public Offering (IPO) is when an unlisted company makes either a fresh issue of securities or an offer for sale of its existing securities or both for the first time to the public. This paves way for listing and trading of the issuers securities. A company's first sale of stock to the public. Securities offered in an IPO are often, but not always, those of young, small companies seeking outside equity capital and a public market for their stock. Investors purchasing stock in IPOs generally must be prepared to accept very large risks for the possibility of large gains. IPO's by investment companies (closed end funds) usually contain underwriting fees which represent a load to buyers. The basis purpose of an IPO is to facilitate transfer of resources from savers to entrepreneurs seeking to establish new enterprise or to diversify/expand existing ones.
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Such facilities are of crucial importance in the context of the dichotonomy of funds available for capital uses form those in whose hands they accumulate, and those by whom they are applied for capital uses from those in whose hands they accumulate, and those by whom they are applied to productive uses. However it should not be conceived as exclusively serving the purpose of raising finance for new capital expenditure. Infect the organization and facilities of the market are also utilized for selling concerns to the public as going concerns through the conversion of existing proprietary enterprises or private companies in to public companies

Corporate may raise capital in the primary market by way of an initial public offer, rights issue or private placement. An Initial Public Offer (IPO) is the selling of securities to the public in the primary market. This Initial Public Offering can be made through the fixed price method, book building method or a combination of both. In case the issuer chooses to issue securities through the book building route then as per SEBI guidelines, an issuer company can issue securities in the following manner: a) 100% of the net offer to the public through the book building route. b) 75% of the net offer to the public through the book building process c) 25% through the fixed price portion.

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PROCESS OF AN IPO
The Process: The Issuer who is planning an IPO nominates a lead merchant banker as a 'book runner'. The Issuer specifies the number of securities to be issued and the price band for orders. The Issuer also appoints syndicate members with whom orders can be placed by the investors. Investors place their order with a syndicate member who inputs the orders into the 'electronic book'. This process is called 'bidding' and is similar to open auction. A Book should remain open for a minimum of 5 days. Bids cannot be entered less than the floor price. Bids can be revised by the bidder before the issue closes. On the close of the book building period the 'book runner evaluates the bids on the basis of the evaluation criteria which may include Price Aggression Investor quality Earliness of bids, etc.

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The book runner and the company conclude the final price at which it is willing to issue the stock and allocation of securities. Generally, the number of shares are fixed, the issue size gets frozen based on the price per share discovered through the book building process. Allocation of securities is made to the successful bidders. Book Building is a good concept and represents a capital market which is in the process of maturing.

How does the company fix the price band?

The red herring prospectus may contain either the floor price for the securities or a price band within which the investors can bid. The spread between the floor and the cap of the price band shall not be more than 20%. In other words, it means that the cap should not be more than 120% of the floor price. The price band can have a revision and such a revision in the price band shall be widely disseminated by informing the stock exchanges, by issuing press release and also indicating the change on the relevant website and the terminals of the syndicate members. In case the price band is revised, the bidding period shall be extended for a further period of three days, subject to the total bidding period not exceeding thirteen days Pricing is critical and the most important process in IPO. Pricing involves lot of research and calculations. Pricing is done in such a way that investors are benefited and also the companys objective is achieved that is its aim

for an IPO is achieved. Thus, pricing is the most important factor in IPO process generally there are two methods of IPO pricing
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Fixed Pricing Book building Process

PROCEDURE
The sale (that is, the allocation and pricing) of shares in an IPO may take several forms. Common methods include:
Dutch auction Firm commitment Best efforts Bought deal Self Distribution of Stock

A large IPO is usually underwritten by a "syndicate" of investment banks led by one or more major investment banks (lead underwriter). Upon selling the shares, the underwriters keep a commission based on a percentage of the value of the shares sold. Usually, the lead underwriters, i.e. the underwriters selling the largest proportions of the IPO, take the highest commissionsup to 8% in some cases. Multinational IPOs may have as many as three syndicates to deal with differing legal requirements in both the issuer's domestic market and other regions. For example, an issuer based in the E.U. may be represented by the main selling syndicate in its domestic market, Europe, in addition to separate syndicates or selling groups for US/Canada and for Asia. Usually,

the lead underwriter in the main selling group is also the lead bank in the other selling groups. Because of the wide array of legal requirements, IPOs typically involve one or more law firms with major practices in securities law, such as the Magic Circle firms of London and the white shoe firms of New York City.
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Usually, the offering will include the issuance of new shares, intended to raise new capital, as well the secondary sale of existing shares. However, certain regulatory restrictions and restrictions imposed by the lead underwriter are often placed on the sale of existing shares. Public offerings are primarily sold to institutional investors, but some shares are also allocated to the underwriters' retail investors. A broker selling shares of a public offering to his clients is paid through a sales credit instead of a commission. The client pays no commission to purchase the shares of a public offering; the purchase price simply includes the built-in sales credit. Fixed Pricing An issuer company is allowed to freely price the issue. The basis of issue price is disclosed in the offer document where the issuer discloses in detail about the qualitative and quantitative factors justifying the issue price. Fixed price does not allow an opportunity to the issuer or the merchant banker to do any discretionary allotment, which is possible only in a book building issue. So there is one factor that we should remember which drives book building issue more.

Book building Process Book building Process as Mentioned in the SEBI Book Building is basically a capital issuance process used in Initial Public Offer (IPO) which aids price and demand discovery. It is a process used for marketing a public offer of equity shares of a company. It is a mechanism where, during the period for which the book for the IPO is open, bids are collected from investors at various prices, which are above or equal to the floor price. The process aims at tapping both wholesale and retail investors.
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The offer/issue price is then determined after the bid closing date based on certain evaluation criteria. Guidelines for Book Building Rules governing book building is covered in Chapter XI of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Disclosure and Investor Protection) Guidelines 2000.

Difference between shares offered through book building and offer of shares through normal public issue:

Feature

Fixed Price process

Book Building process

Pricing

Price at which the securities are offered/allotted is known in advance to the investor.

Price at which securities will be offered/allotted is not known in advance to the investor. Only an indicative price range is known.

Demand

Demand for the securities offered is known only after the closure of the issue

Demand for the securities offered can be known everyday as the book is built.

Payment

Payment if made at the time of subscription wherein refund is given after allocation.

Payment only after allocation.

EXAMPLE OF BOOK BUILDING

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SEBI (DIP) Guidelines Given for Book Building An issuer company proposing to issue capital through book building Shall comply with the following: A) 75% Book Building Process 11.2 In an issue of securities to the public through a prospectus the option For 75% book building shall be available to the issuer company subject To the following: (I) The option of book-building shall be available to all body corporate Which are otherwise eligible to make an issue of capital to the public? (ii) (a) The book-building facility shall be available as an alternative to, and to The extent of the percentage of the issue which can be reserved for firm Allotment, as per these Guidelines. (b) The issuer company shall have an option of either reserving the Securities for firm allotment or issuing the securities through book building Process. (iii) The issue of securities through book-building process shall be Separately identified / indicated as 'placement portion category', in the Prospectus.

-34-

(iv) (a) The securities available to the public shall be separately identified as 'net offer to the public'. (b) The requirement of minimum 25% of the securities to be offered to the public shall also be applicable. (v) In case the book-building option is availed of, underwriting shall be mandatory to the extent of the net offer to the public. (vi) The draft prospectus containing all the information except the information regarding the price at which the securities are offered shall be filed with the Board. (vii) One of the lead merchant banker to the issue shall be nominated by the issuer company as a Book Runner and his name shall be mentioned in the prospectus. (viii)
(a)

The copy of the draft prospectus filed with the Board may be circulated by the Book Runner to the institutional buyers who are eligible for firm allotment and to the

intermediaries eligible to act as underwriters inviting offers for subscribing to the securities.
-35-

(b) The draft prospectus to be circulated shall indicate the price band within which the securities are being offered for subscription. (ix) The Book Runner on receipt of the offers shall maintain a record of the names and number of securities ordered and the price at which the institutional buyer or underwriter is willing to subscribe to securities under the placement portion. (x) The underwriter(s) shall maintain a record of the orders received by him for subscribing to the issue out of the placement portion. Duration of the issue Subscription list for public issues shall be kept open for at least 3 working days and not more than 10 working days. In case of Book built issues, the minimum and maximum period for which bidding will be open is 37 working days extendable by 3 days in case of a revision in the price band. The public issue made by an infrastructure company, may be kept open for a maximum period of 21 working days and Rights issues shall be kept open for at least 30 days and not more than 60 days.

-36-

B) 195(Offer to Public through Book Building Process) 11.3 196(An issuer company may, subject to the requirements specified in This chapter, make an issue of securities to the public through a Prospectus in the following manner: a.100% of the net offer to the public through book building process, or b.75% of the net offer to the public through book building process and 25% at the price determined through book building.) 11.3.1 (I) 197(Deleted) (ii) Reservation or firm allotment to the extent of percentage specified in These Guidelines shall not be made to categories other than the Categories mentioned in sub-clause (iii) below. (iii) Book Building shall be for the portion other than the promoters Contribution and the allocation made to: (a) Permanent employees of the issuer company and in the case of a new Company the permanent employees of the promoting companies';

(b) Shareholders of the promoting companies in the case of a new Company and shareholders of group companies in the case of an Existing company either on a competitive basis or on a firm allotment Bases.

-37-

198 ((c) persons who, on the date of filing of the draft offer document with the Board, have business association, as depositors, bondholders and Subscribers to services, with the issuer making an initial public offering, provided that allotment to such persons shall not exceed 5% of the issue Provided further that no reservation shall be made for the issue management team, syndicate members, their promoters, directors and employees and for the group/associate companies of issue management team and syndicate members and their promoters, directors and employees.) (iv) The issuer company shall appoint an eligible Merchant Banker(s) as book runner(s) and their name(s) shall be mentioned in the draft prospectus. 199 ((iv) (a) The issuer company shall enter into an agreement with one or more of the Stock Exchange(s) which have the requisite system of online offer of securities. The agreement shall specify inter-alia, the rights, duties, responsibilities and obligations of the company and stock exchange (s) inter se. The agreement may also provide for a dispute resolution mechanism between the company and the stock exchange.

(iv) (b) The company may apply for listing of its securities on an exchange other than the exchange through which it offers its securities to public through the on-line system.)

-38200 (V) The Lead Merchant Banker shall act as the Lead Book Runner.) 201 ((v) (a) In case the issuer company appoints more than one 202(merchant banker(s)), the names of all such (merchant bankers(s)) who have submitted the due diligence certificate to SEBI, may be mentioned on the front cover page of the prospectus. A disclosure to the effect that " the investors may contact any of such (merchant bankers(s)), for any complaint pertaining to the issue" shall be made in the prospectus, after the "risk factors.) 203 ((v) (b) The lead book runner/issuer may designate, in any manner, the other Merchant Banker(s), subject to the following; Eligible for reservation In a book built issue allocation to Retail Individual Investors (RIIs), Non Institutional Investors (NIIs) and Qualified Institutional Buyers (QIBs) is in the ratio of 35: 15: 50 respectively. In case the book built issues are made pursuant to the requirement of mandatory allocation of

60% to QIBs , the respective figures are 30% for RIIs and 10% for NIIs. This is a transitory provision pending harmonization of the QIB allocation. The allotment to the Qualified Institutional Buyers (QIBs) is on a discretionary basis. The discretion is left to the Merchant Bankers who first disclose the parameters of judgment in the Red Herring Prospectus. There are no objective conditions stipulated as per the DIP Guidelines. -39The Merchant Bankers are free to set their criteria and mention the same in the Red Herring Prospectus.

Reservation on Competitive Basis is when allotment of shares is made in proportion to the shares applied for by the concerned reserved categories. Reservation on competitive basis can be made in a public issue to the Employees of the company, Shareholders of the promoting companies in the case of a new company and shareholders of group companies in the case of an existing company, Indian Mutual Funds, Foreign Institutional Investors (including non resident Indians and overseas corporate bodies), Indian and Multilateral development Institutions and Scheduled Banks.

-40Book Building at NSE The NSE has set up nation-wide network for trading whereby members can trade remotely from their offices located all over the country. The NSE trading network spans various cities and towns across India. NSE decided to offer this infrastructure for conducting online IPOs through the Book Building process. NSE operates a fully automated screen based bidding system called NEAT IPO that enables trading members to enter bids directly from their offices through a sophisticated telecommunication network.

Book Building through the NSE system offers several advantages: The NSE system offers a nationwide bidding facility in securities.

It provides a fair, efficient & transparent method for collecting bids using latest electronic trading systems

Costs involved in the issue are far less than those in a normal IPO

Procedures Issuers Issuers desirous of using NSE's online IPO system are required to comply with the following procedures:
1. Submit a written request as per prescribed format (Letter1, Letter2,

BRLM) for usage of electronic facilities and software of NSE 2. Give details regarding Book Running Lead Manager, Co Book Running Lead Managers and Syndicate Members. 3. Pay the requisite charges to NSE.
-41-

Trading Members The Book Running Lead Manager will give the list of trading members who are eligible to participate in the Book Building process to the Exchange. Members have to submit a one time undertaking to the Exchange. Eligible trading members have to give in the prescribed format details of the user IDs that they would like to use. Subscribers Subscribers can approach any of the approved trading members for submitting bids in the NEAT IPO system. On line transaction registration slip are generated automatically after entering the bids in to the system which acts as proof of the registration of each Bid option.

-42-

BSE's Book Building System BSE offers the book building services through the Book Building software that runs on the BSE Private network. This system is one of the largest electronic book building networks anywhere spanning over 350 Indian cities through over 7000 Trader Work Stations via eased lines, VSATs and Campus LANS The software is operated through book-runners of the issue and by the syndicate member brokers. Through this book, the syndicate member brokers on behalf of themselves or their clients' place orders. Bids are placed electronically through syndicate members and the information is collected on line real-time until the bid date ends. In order to maintain transparency, the software gives visual graphs displaying price v/s quantity on the terminals.

Listing Rules for New Companies on BSE /IPO Rules

The following eligibility criteria have been prescribed for the companies seeking permission to get list on the stock exchange, effective August 1st 2006. The companies are classified into two categories: large cap and Small cap. A company is treated as a large cap company if the issue size is greater than or equal to Rs 10 crore and market capitalization of not less then Rs 25 crore.

-43-

A) In case of large cap companies

The minimum post-issue paid up capital of the applicant company shall be Rs. 3 crore. The minimum issue size shall be Rs. 10 crore and The minimum market capitalization of the company shall be Rs. 25 crore Authorized capital is the amount for which a company has got the authorization from the regulatory body to raise through the issue. A company may or may not want to raise the full amount of authorized capital. Issue size is the amount that a company want to raise funds through the issue. Its always less than or equal to authorized capital. Part payment facility may be available for the investors who want to subscribe to an issue. Post-issue paid-up capital is the value of subscriptions (including promoters holding) paid at the end of issue date. This will be

less than issue size if the total subscriptions are less than the offered shares or when there is part payment facility available for the issue. Market capitalization is the product of number of shares outstanding (including promoters holding) and the market price. In an IPO before the first day of listing the market price is the issue price.

B) In respect of small cap companies The minimum post issue paid up capital of the company shall be Rs. 3 crore. The minimum issue size shall be Rs. 3 crore. The minimum market capitalization of the company shall be Rs. 5 crore. The minimum income/turnover of the company shall be Rs. 3 crore in each of the preceding three 12 month period. The minimum number of the public shareholder after the issue shall be 1000. -44 A due diligence study may be conducted by an independent team of chartered Accountant or merchant banker (Investment Banker) appointed by BSE, the cost of which will be borne by the company. The requirement of a due diligence study may be waived if a financial institution or a scheduled commercial bank has appraised the project in the preceding 12 months.

In addition to this, the issuer company should have a post issue net worth (equity capital + free reserve excluding revaluation reserve) of Rs 20 crore. C) For all companies In respect of the requirement of paid up capital and market capitalization, the issuers shall be required to include in the disclaimer clause forming a part of the offer document that in the event of market capitalization requirement of BSE not being met, the securities of the issuer would not be listed on BSE. The applicant, promoters and / or group companies, shall be in default in compliance of the listing agreement.

The above eligibility criteria would be in additions of the companies prescribed under SEBI guidelines.

-45-

Listing Fees (BSE)

Particular Initial Listing fees Annual listing fees companies with paid capital Of Rs 1 crore Above 1 corer upto 5 crore Above 5 corer upto 10 crore Above 10 corer upto 20 crore Above 20 corer upto 50 crore Above 50 crore

Amount (Rs) 7500

4200 8400 14000 28000 42000 70000

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Role of Lead manager In the pre-issue process, the Lead Manager (LM) takes up the due diligence of companys operations/ management/ business plans/ legal etc. Other activities of the LM include drafting and design of Offer documents, Prospectus, statutory advertisements and memorandum containing salient features of the Prospectus. The book running lead manager (BRLMs) shall ensure compliance with stipulated requirements and completion of prescribed formalities with the Stock Exchanges, RoC and SEBI including finalisation of Prospectus and RoC filing. Appointment of other intermediaries viz., Registrar(s), Printers, Advertising Agency and Bankers to the Offer is also included in the pre-issue processes.

The lead manager also draws up the various marketing strategies for the issue. The post issue activities including management of escrow accounts, coordinate non-institutional allocation, intimation of allocation and dispatch of refunds to bidders etc are performed by the LM. The post Offer activities for the Offer will involve essential follow-up steps, which include the finalization of trading and dealing of instruments and dispatch of certificates and demat of delivery of shares, with the various agencies connected with the work such as the Registrar(s) to the Offer and Bankers to the Offer and the bank handling refund business. The merchant banker shall be responsible for ensuring that these agencies fulfill their functions

and enable it to discharge this responsibility through suitable agreements with the Company.

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Role of registrar The Registrar finalizes the list of eligible allottees after deleting the invalid applications and ensures that the corporate action for crediting of shares to the demat accounts of the applicants is done and the dispatch of refund orders to those applicable are sent. The Lead manager coordinates with the Registrar to ensure follow up so that that the flow of applications from collecting bank branches, processing of the applications and other matters till the basis of allotment is finalized, dispatch security certificates and refund orders completed and securities listed.

Role of banker to the issue Bankers to the issue, as the name suggests, carries out all the activities of ensuring that the funds are collected and transferred to the Escrow accounts. The Lead Merchant Banker shall ensure that Bankers to the Issue are appointed in all the mandatory collection centers as specified in DIP Guidelines. The lead manager also ensures follow-up with bankers to the issue to get quick estimates of collection and advising the issuer about closure of the issue, based on the correct figures.

Merchant Banking
Issue Management Services to act as Book Running Lead

Manager/Lead Project appraisal Corporate Advisory Services underwriting of equity issues

Banker to the Issue/Paying Banker
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Refund Banker Monitoring Agency Debenture Trustee Investment Banking Investment Bank is a financial intermediary that performs a variety of services which includes underwriting, acting as an intermediary between an issuer of securities and the investing public, facilitating mergers and other corporate reorganizations, and also acting as a broker for institutional clients.

Private Equity Private equities are equity securities of unlisted companies. Private equities are generally illiquid and thought of as a long-term investment. Private equity investments are not subject to the same high level of government regulation as stock offerings to the general public. Private equity is also far less liquid than publicly traded stock. Acquisition

Acquisition is the process through which one company takes over the controlling interest of another company. Acquisition includes obtaining supplies or services by contract or purchase order with appropriated or nonappropriated funds, for the use of Federal agencies through purchase or lease. Venture Capital Venture Capital is the money and resources made available to startup firms and small businesses with exceptional growth potential. Most venture capital money comes from an organized group of wealthy investors.
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Underwriter Lead Merchant Banker shall ensure that the underwriters appointed or proposed to be appointed are capable of discharging their obligations under the Issue. Clause 5.5.3 requires the Lead Merchant Banker to underwrite a minimum of 5% of the total underwriting commitment of Rs. 25 Lakh, whichever is less. However, under no situation, a BRLM can underwrite more than 20 times its Net Worth at any point of time.

Non institutional bidders. Companies, corporate bodies, Scientific institutions and trusts, resident Indian Individuals HUF (in the name of Karta) and NRIs (Applying for an amount exceeding Rs.100000 )

Retail individual bidders Individuals (including NRIs and HUFs) applying for an amount up to Rs.100000. FPO FPO means following public offer when a company goes for an public offer after going for an IPO it is known as Following Public Offer(FPO). It may go for an public offer if it is again in requirement of funds for new projects, for expansion or for dilution of holding of shares.
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IPO Grading 1 An unlisted company making an IPO of equity shares or any other security which may be converted into or exchanged with equity shares at a later date may opt to obtain grading for such an IPO from one or more credit rating agencies. .2 Where an issuer opts to obtain IPO grading under clause 5.6B.1, it shall disclose all grades so obtained by it, including unaccepted grades, in the prospectus and abridged prospectus.

-51-

Data Analysis and interpretation

-52-

Analysis last six year (2004-2009) no. of issue and issue amount Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 No. of issues 23 76 76 84 21 17 Issue amount (crore) 13,749 10,936 28,504 42,595 3582 1978

-53-

Interpretation: As shown in the table during the economic boom there were much more IPOs. During 2007-2008 the share market witnessed its highest number of IPOs in past one decade and highest issue amount. Due to inflation and slowdown in economic it affect the Indian IPO market in year 2008, 2009.

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Indias Largest IPOs in 2009

During 2009, there were 20 IPOs. Of which, 16 IPOs have listed and 4 IPOs are yet to be listed. Of the 16 IPOs that have listed, 5 IPOs have received investment from Anchor Investors; and 11 IPOs have not received investment from Anchor Investors.

5 IPO Received Investment from Anchor Investor

company Adani Power Ltd. Pipavav Shipyard Ltd. Indiabulls Power Ltd DEN Networks Ltd. Cox and Kings (India) Ltd Total

Anchor investor

Issue Size (INRM)

Current Value INR M

Issue Size ($M)

Issue Price (INR)

Price (INR) 31 Dec09

Return* (%)

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

30,165 4,956 15,291 3,900 6,105 60,417

29,200 4,540 11,350 3,760 7,680 56330

621.7 102.8 332.0 82.4 131.3

36 58 45 195 330

34.0 54.2 34.9 196.0 452.2

-5.6% -6.6% -22.4 0.5% 37.0% 2.9

-55-

-56-

Interpretation
Of the 5 IPOs that have received investment from Anchor Investors, 3 IPOs are trading below the issue price (that is 60% of such issues) and only 2 IPO is trading above the issue price. On an aggregate basis, about Rs. 60417 Crores is mobilized by such IPOs that have received anchor investors. However, the current value of such IPOs is down to Rs. 5,6330 Crores, indicating a Mark-to-Market loss of about Rs. 4087 Crores, indicating current Mark-to-Market profit of 2.9 %. 11 IPOs have not received investment from Anchor Investors.
Sr.No

Company

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Edserv Softsystems Ltd. Mahindra Holiday & Resorts India Ltd. Excel Infoways Ltd. Raj Oil Mills Ltd NHPC Ltd. Jindal Cotex Ltd. Globus Spirits Ltd. Oil India Ltd. Euro Multivision

Anchor Issue Current Current Investor Size value MTM (INRM) Return (%) No 240 960 304.25% No 2,780 3,950 42.3%

Profit Loss

1 1

0 0

No No No No No No No

480 1,140 60,385 844 750 27,772 660

330 680 54,350 1,140 710 32,800 270

-30.88% -40.25% -10% 35% -5.05% 18.10% -58.73%

0 0 0 1 0 1 0

1 1 1 0 1 0 1

Ltd.

10

11

Thinksoft No Global Services Ltd. Astec No Lifesciences Ltd.

460

1,070

135.36%

620 96,131

640 96,900

3.35% 0.81%

1 6

0 5

Total

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0.00% -10.00% -20.00% -30.00% -40.00% -50.00% -60.00% Ex cel infoways ltd NH ltd PC Euro m ultivis ion ltd R eturn (% L s ) os

Particular

Issue size Current (in Rs. value (in Crs) Rs. Crs) 60,417 96,131 1,56,548 56,330 96,900 1,53,230

Return (%) 2.9% 0.81% 3.71%

IPO IPO in in Profit Loss 2 6 8 3 5 8

Aggregate of IPOs with participation of Anchor Investors Aggregate of IPOs without participation of Anchor Investors Total

-59-

Interpretation
Outof the 11 IPOs that have not received investment from Anchor investors, about 6 IPOs are trading above the issue price and 5 IPOs are trading below the issue price. The total amount that is mobilized by such IPOs that have not received investment from Anchor investors is about Rs. 9,6131 Crores. And, the current value of such IPOs is increased to about Rs. 9,6900 Crores, indicating a Mark-to-Market gain of about Rs. 769 Crores, indicating current Mark-to Market gain of +0.81%. On an aggregate basis, total amount that is mobilized by 16 IPOs is about Rs. 1,56,548 Crores. And, the current value of such IPOs is decreased to Rs. 1,53,230 Crores, indicating a Mark-to-Market loss of Rs. 3,318 Crores, indicating current Mark-to-Market loss of 3.71%. In total, of the 16 IPOs, about 8 IPOs are in profit and 8 IPOs are in loss. Even though the IPO market has tried to stage a comeback during 2009, the listing performances of several high profile companies has been disappointing, raising the concerns about the recovery of the primary market. Further, even the IPOs which could able to attract the anchor investors interest, couldn't able to fare well. In fact, the IPOs which have received the investment from Anchor Investors have underperformed in comparison to the IPOs which have not received the investment from Anchor Investors.

-60-

Sector Wise Comparison (Volume)

-61-

Interpretation
(REI) Healthcare and BFSI sector didnt have any offering in 2009, but contributed more than 25% (in total volume) in 2008 2IPOs from (REI) and 1 each from (TMT) and Energy & power made their debut in 2009, but are to be listed in 2010 **Banking finance services & Insurance (BFSI) **Technology, Media & Telecommunication (TMT) **Real Estate & Infrastructure (REI)

-62-

IPOs: Sector Wise Comparison in 2009

2010 IPOs Issued and Listed in 2009
Sector* Energy& Power Industrial Hospitality Telecom, Media & Technology Consumer Goods & Retail Outsourcing Education Total IPO Proceeds (INR M) 105,842 34,413 8,884 5,016 1,890 482 238 156,765 % of IPO Proceeds 67.5% 22.0% 5.7% 3.2% 1.2% 0.3% 0.2% 100% IPO Volume 3 5 2 3 2 1 1 17 % of IPO Volume 17.6% 29.4% 11.8% 17.6% 11.8% 5.9% 5.9% 100%

IPO Volume

Interpretation
Out of the total Energy proceeds, NHPC IPO contributed 57%

 Out of the total Industrial proceeds, OIL India IPO contributed 81% Out of the total TMT*** proceeds, Den Networks IPO contributed 74%

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Findings & Conclusion

-65-

Major Findings

An IPO can be a risky investment. For the individual investor, it is tough to predict what the stock or shares will do on its initial day of trading and in the near future since there is often little historical data with which to analyze the company. IPOs are playing major role in the field of investment.
It can be observed that out of 16 companies, only 5 companies

have given positive returns on the date of listing.

Out of 16 companies, 11 IPOs have not received investment

from Anchor Investors.

 As per sectors wise comparison out of 7 areas only 3 sector

(Energy & power, Industrial, and Telecom, Media & Technology) gives better response. As per sector wise comparison in year 2008 and 2009 out of 7 areas only 3 sectors (Education, energy & power and TMT) give positive return.
In IPO process Intermediary (SEBI, NSE, BSE) play a vital

role in issue of IPO book building.

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Conclusion
IPO is used by a company to raise its funds. The extra amount obtained from public may be invested in the development o f the company, although it costs a little to a company but it gives a way to get more money for long term investments. The issue of an IPO by a Company involves a number of stages, each calling for a great deal of verification. The relevant and updated information on the Company has to be captured precisely in the Prospectus. The decision by the Investors on whether to invest in a Company is influenced significantly by the information contained in the Prospectus. The Regulatory Bodies are also involved and there are set procedures that must be followed. Legal compliance has to be maintained. Moreover, the

Companys potential should not be understated in or lost in the Prospectus because of the weight of such rules, regulations and formalities.
.

In this project all the aspects of IPO have been studied like IPO norms, IPO process and its regulatory aspect, Pricing Process, Factors and financial parameters to watch before investing in an IPO. Thus the objective of studying is achieved.

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SUGGESTIONS
The investment in IPO can prove too risky because the investor does not know anything about the company because it is listed first time in the market so its performance cannot be measure. On the other hand it can be said that the higher the risk higher the returns earned. So we can say that the though risky if investment is done then it can give higher returns as well.
Primary market is more volatile than the secondary market because

all the companies are listed for the first time in the market so nothing can be said about its performance.

 If higher risk is taken, it is always rewarded with the higher returns.

So higher the risk the more the returns rewarded for it. We can fairly predict the future, but cant make it happen as it is.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Websites:

www. bseindia.com www.religareonline.in www. business-standard.com

 www.moneycontrol.com www.nseindia.com www.bseindia.com http://www.theinvestor.tv/money/thebrokerageindustry.htm http://www.economywatch.com/market/share-market/share-market

trading.html

Books & Journals: NSE fact book 2009

Raising capital, second edition 2005, GET THE MONEY YOU

NEED TO GROW YOUR BUSINESS, AUTHOR ANDREW J . SHERMAN

NSE Certification BSE Certification SEBI Guidelines- August - 2009

-69-

ANNEXURE

Top Companies: An analysis

Reliance Power IPO has been issued by Reliance Power Limited. Reliance Power IPO was issued on 15th January, 2008 and closed on 18th January, 2008. Reliance Power Limited Company is planning to generate capital worth Rs. 11, 700 crores through the IPO. This makes it the largest IPO in the country as on 17th January, 2008. The price band of the equity shares of Reliance Power IPO has been fixed at Rs. 405- 450 per equity share. The total size of Reliance Power IPO is around 26 crores equity shares. Reliance Power IPO will be listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and also on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The lead bankers of Reliance Power IPO are Enam Securities, Kotak Mahindra Capital Co, ABN Amro Rothschild, ICICI Securities, JP Morgan Chase & Co, UBS AG and Deutsche Bank AG. The main objective of Reliance Power IPO is that the proceeds from the issue will be used to fund the power generation projects that the company plans to carry out.

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Kingfisher till date has not launched any IPO, but has expressed its wish to launch one soon. This IPO would be used to fund its aggressive

expansion plans in India. The accumulated corpus would be utilized to fund its airline business and to payoff debt for its acquired liquor company Shaw Wallace & Company. The brand Kingfisher is being owned by the business conglomerate United Breweries Group. The brand is being used for two business entities Airlines and Alcoholic Beverage. The Airlines operates under the name of "Kingfisher Airlines" and the alcoholic beverage segment manufactures "Beer" and "Mineral Water" under the same brand name. Till now the company has not launched any IPO to fund its aggressive expansion plans, but plans to launch it in near future to raise capital. Dr Vijay Mallya is the Chairman and CEO of both the segments. The Chief of the United Breweries Holding Ltd (UBHL), Mr Vijay Mallaya, said that the group would come up with an Initial Public Offering in 2008 and would raise a total corpus of US$ 400 million. The Initial Public Offering of the Kingfisher Airlines would target a corpus of US$ 200 million and the rest would be raised through the IPO of the liquor business. Kingfisher Airline IPO, to be issued for the first time in the year 2008, to finance the airline's expansion and funding of A380s air fleet.

71

The Maruti IPO has set a price range of Rs. 125 per share above the Floor price of Rs. 115. The subscription for Maruti IPO opened on June 12, 2003 and closed on June 19, 2003. The response to Maruti IPO was overwhelming within the

subscription period, which led to an over-subscription of the public offerings of Maruti by more than ten times. The government decided to shell out 85 percent shares of IPO to the noninstitutional investors and 15 percent shares to the non-institutional high networth individuals. Consequently, government would get Rs.993 crores for 7.94 crores shares. But SEBI recommended that 60 percent can be given to the institutional investors but at least 40 percent should be allotted for the retail investors as well. The government has allotted 60 percent shares to the retail investors and 40 percent shares to the institutional investors. The shares were allotted to the individuals on a pro rata basis. The IPO of Maruti is claimed to be one of the biggest capital market transactions in recent years in India and also the largest Book Built IPO that has been implanted in India till date. Maruti IPO received more than 300,000 applications which is a record in the history of IPO in India. The majority of applicants to these comprise of the Indian retail investors. They received the allotments on the basis of the price range already fixed by the government. A huge number of institutional investors also paid a lot of importance in investing in Maruti.
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DATA BASE COVERAGE 1990-91 to 2008-09 (19 years)

Year 1990-1991 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Amount in Rs (Crores) 2251 3851 12630 9306 6793 6520 2724 1703 568 1560 729 1041 431 1006 3616 4126 3704 13519 76,078
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No. of Issue 209 316 488 384 351 291 131 49 26 28 27 13 12 22 26 36 38 23 2,470

IPO GLOSSARY

A
Allocation This is the amount of stock in an initial public offering (IPO) granted by the underwriter to an investor. Aftermarket Trading in the IPO subsequent to its offering is called the aftermarket. Aftermarket Orders Underwriters look favorably on investors who buy IPOs in the days after the IPO first goes public. While underwriters cannot solicit aftermarket orders, some expect investors to purchase two or three times their IPO allocation in the aftermarket. B Board of Directors The composition of the Board of Directors is particularly critical for an IPO. Typically, a board is composed of inside and outside directors. Broken IPOs If an IPO trades below its IPO price in the aftermarket, it is said to be a broken IPO. C Calendar This refers to upcoming IPOs and secondary offerings. Brokerage houses have equity calendars, bond calendars and municipal calendars. Clearing Price The price at which all shares of an IPO can be sold to investors in a Dutch Auction. Sometimes referred to as the market clearing price.

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First Day Close The closing price at the end of the first day of trading reflects not only how well the lead manager priced and placed the deal, but what the near-term trading is likely to be. Float When a company is publicly traded, a distinction is made between the total number of shares outstanding and the number of shares in circulation, referred to as the float. The float consists of the company's shares held by the general public. G Green Shoe A typical underwriting agreement allows the underwriters to buy up to an additional 15% of shares at the offering price for a period of several weeks after the offering. This option is also called the overallotment and is exercised when the IPO is oversubscribed and trading above its offer price. The term comes from the Green Shoe Company, which was the first to have this option. H Hot Issue When there is significantly more demand than supply for an IPO it is said to be a hot issue. I Initial Public Offering This is the event of a company first selling its shares to the public. Insiders Management, directors and significant stockholders are regarded as insiders because they are privy to information about the operations of a company not known to the general public. IPO Price Individual investors often ask why the price at which an IPO starts trading is different from its offer price. This occurs because the offer price is set by the underwriters before the stock starts trading. Once the stock starts

trading, the price is determined by actual supply and demand and can be higher or lower.
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IPO Research Prior to the offering, the underwriters involved in the IPO are prohibited from issuing research or recommendations for forty days. Following the IPO, the underwriter is allowed to issue a research report M-N The total market value of a firm. It is defined as the product of the company's stock price per share and the total number of shares outstanding Market Value The market value of a company is determined by multiplying the number of shares outstanding by the current price of the stock. O Offering Price This is the price at which the IPO is first sold to the public. It is set by the lead manager, usually after the close of stock market trading the night before the shares are distributed to IPO buyers. In the case of some foreign IPOs, the pricing occurs over the weekend. Oversubscribed When a deal has more orders than there are shares available it is said to be oversubscribed. P Preliminary Prospectus This is the offering document printed by the company containing a description of the business, discussion of strategy, presentation of historical financial statements, explanation of recent financial results, management and their backgrounds and ownership. Proceeds Companies go public to raise money. The money raised is referred to as proceeds. R

Red Herring This is the term of art for the preliminary prospectus. It gets its name from the printed red disclaimer on the left side of the prospectus.
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U-V Underwriter This is a brokerage firm that raises money for companies using public equity and debt markets. Underwriters are financial intermediaries that buy stock or bonds from an issuer and then sell these securities to the public. Venture Capital Funding acquired during the pre-IPO process of raising money for companies. It is done only by accredited investors.

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