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Pre-LAB REPORT 5
PLANT AND FUNGAL DIVERSITY

NAME: Meghana Gorrepati

ID #: 100866669 CRN: 71874

LAB 5 PRE-LAB ASSIGNMENT is due ANY TIME BEFORE the start of your lab!

YOU NEED TO COMPLETE THE PRE-LAB ASSIGNMENT AND SEND AN ELECTRONIC

COPY through the assignment submission on Canvas BEFORE the start of the lab.
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ZERO for the preparation of the lab. Late submissions will not be accepted. It is
recommended that you work on the pre-lab well before the due date and submit the
pre-lab at least 1 hour before the start of the lab to ensure that you do not encounter
any technical issues. Do not leave it until the last minute.

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the steps to upload a file as an assignment submission in Canvas. To upload:

1. Open Assignments. In Course Navigation, click the Assignments link (or go directly to
BIOL 1020 lab folder and access the appropriate assignment from this folder).
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3. Submit Assignment. Click the Submit Assignment button.
4. Add File. ...
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EXERCISE 5.1: The Non-Vascular Plants – Bryophytes (Mosses)

1. Answer the following questions about mosses.

(a) Which structure contains the spores?

Sporangium

(b) Which stage dominates the life cycle of mosses and other bryophytes?

Haploid gametophyte

(c) Unlike vascular plants, the bryophytes lack vascular tissue for the transport of water,
minerals and food. What 2 characteristics of bryophytes allow them to compensate for
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the lack of vascular tissues?

1. Rhizoids

2. Absorbing nutrients through osmosis to cells

(d) Distinguish between an antheridium and an archegonium.

The antheridium is the male reproductive organ that releases sperm and the
archegonium the female version that contains eggs.

(e) What characteristic of Sphagnum moss accounts for its enormous capacity to store
water?

The large amount of dead cells called hydroid cells

(f) Are spores produced by the moss sporophyte formed by meiosis or mitosis? Are they
haploid or diploid?

Meiosis and they create haploid cells

EXERCISE 5.2: The Seedless Vascular Plants – Pterophytes (Ferns)

1. Answer the following questions about ferns and horsetails.

(a) Most seedless vascular plants are homosporous. What does this mean?

Meaning they only have one type of sporophyll making on type of spore

(b) Give three characteristics that distinguish the seedless vascular plants from the
bryophytes.

1. The sporo dveleops into a bisexual gametophyte

2. They are homosporus

3. Are nutrionally independent of sporophyte

EXERCISE 5.3: The Vascular Seed Plants – Gymnosperms (Conifers)

1. (a) Why are gymnosperms referred to as having “naked seeds”?

Because they are not enclosed in ovaries

(b) Which generation dominates the life cycle of gymnosperms?

Sporophyte generation dominates

(c) In which structures would you find the male and female gametophytes?

You would find them in their cones (strobili). Male cones have pollen grain and the
female cones have the egg cell.
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EXERCISE 5.4: The Vascular Seed Plants – Angiosperms (Flowering Plants)

Table 2. Comparison of seed and seedling structures.

Structure in Seed: Develops into which structure in seedling:

Hypocotyl Stem

Epicotyl Leaves of the plant

Radicle Embroyonic root -> root

What is the function of the coleoptile in the monocot seed?

Covers and protects the young shoot as it grows

Answer the following questions about seed plants in general:

1. How is the female gametophyte of vascular seed plants different than that of the
seedless vascular plants?

The ovaries of the angiosperm are enclosed in fruit but the gymnosperms are not

2. Having seeds rather than spores represents an important evolutionary advantage.

Explain briefly.

Because it allowed plants to move away form needing water to reproduce since the
water and nutrients are contained in the seed

EXERCISE 5.5: The Fungi

1. Answer the following questions about yeasts compared to other fungi.
(a) What is the mode of reproduction in yeast?

By simple cell division or by budding of parent cell

(b) Is this a form or asexual or sexual reproduction?

asexual

2. Answer the following questions about multicellular fungi.

(a) What are mycelia made of and where would you find them?

They are made of hyphae and they can be found in soil

(b) Fungi may be said to have both plant-like and animal-like characteristics.
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(i) What plant-like characteristics do fungi have? List 2 examples.

They absorb nutrients from their surroundings, have cell walls
(ii) What animal-like characteristics do fungi have? List 2 examples.

They live off of dead matter like some animals, and are heterotrophs

(c) What is the “technical” name for a mushroom?

Agaricus Bisporus

(d) What is the principal ecological function carried out by fungi?

They decompose

(e) Imagine an ecosystem with no fungi. How would it be modified?

It would find a way to replace the fungi as decomposers

3. Answer the following questions about lichens.

(a) Imagine you were the first scientist to observe a lichen microscopically. What
observations would lead you to conclude that lichen is composed of a fungus and an
alga?

I could see that there is a big fungi cell but within that there are smaller cells within
the fungi showing that there are 2 organisms

(b) Identify the organism and role of the following

Mycobiont: The fungal component

Phycobiont: The algal component