1 1

MATHOPHILIC D) 0,0,1, −1 ,
2
, − , 0,0 .
𝜋

EDUCATION
(CONTACT – 7239082744,7065194893) 4. Let A be an 𝑛 × 𝑛 matrix. Consider the
following statements.

𝑆1 : If the rank of A is equal to n then

PREVIOUS YEAR the rank of the adjoint matrix of A is
also equal to n.
QUESTIONS {HCU}
𝑆2 : If the rank of A is equal to 𝑛 − 2
then the rank of the adjoint matrix of A
is also equal to 𝑛 − 2.
Pick up a true statement from the
1. Which one the following subsets is a following.
subspace of the vector space ℝ3 over
the field ℝ? A) 𝑆1 and 𝑆2 are true.

A) 𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤 ∈ ℝ3 2𝑢 + 3𝑣 + 4𝑤 = 0 . B) 𝑆1 is true but not 𝑆2 .

B) 𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤 ∈ ℝ3 2𝑢 + 3𝑣 + 4𝑤 = 1 . C) 𝑆2 is true but not 𝑆1 .

C) 𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤 ∈ ℝ3 𝑢 > 0, 𝑣 > 0, 𝑤 < 0 . D) Neither 𝑆1 nor 𝑆2 is true.

D) 𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤 ∈ ℝ3 𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 .
5. The value of the determinant
12 22 32 42
2. The dimension of the vector space 22 32 42 52 is
ℚ[ 2] over the field ℚ is 32 42 52 62
42 52 62 72
A) 1.
A) 0.
B) ∞.
B) 1.
C) 4.
C) 2.
D) 2.
D) None of these.

3. Let 𝑉 = 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , 𝑥4 ∈ ℝ4 2𝑥1 +
𝜋𝑥2 = 0, 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 − 𝑥4 = 0 . 6. Consider the following two statements.

A basis for V 𝑆1 : There exists a linear transformation

𝑇: ℝ5 → ℝ2 such that 𝑇 is onto and
A) 1,0,0,0 , 0,1,0,0 , 0,0,1,0 , 0,0,0,1 . 𝐾𝑒𝑟 𝑇 = 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , 𝑥4 , 𝑥5 : 𝑥1 +
2 2
𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = 0 .
B) 1, − 𝜋 , 0, − 𝜋 , 0,0,1, −1 .

C) 𝜋, −2,0, −2 , 2𝜋, −4,0, −4 .

 𝑆2 : For every linear transformation A) There definitely exists a solution to the
𝑇: ℝ3 → ℝ3 there exists 𝜇 ∈ ℝ such that system of equations.
𝑇 − 𝜇𝐼 is invertible.
B) There exists a non-zero column vector 𝑣
Which of the following statements are in ℝ3 such that 𝐴𝑣 = 0.
true?
C) If there exists a solution to the system of
A) Both 𝑆1 and 𝑆2 are true. equations 𝐴𝑥 = 𝑏 then at least one
equation is a linear combination of the
B) Both 𝑆1 and 𝑆2 are false.
other two equations.
C) 𝑆1 is false but 𝑆2 is true.
D) detA = 0.
D) 𝑆1 is true but, 𝑆2 is false.

7. The set 𝑆 = {−1,1} is the set of

10. Let V be the vector space of
eigenvalues of the square matrix A,if
polynomials of degree less than or equal
A) 𝐴 ± 𝐼 ≠ 0, A is a real. Orthogonal and to 2. Let 𝑆 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 +
symmetric matrix. 2, 𝑥 2 + 3 . then

B) 𝐴 ± 𝐼 ≠ 0, A is a symmetric matrix. A) S is a linearly independent set.

C) 𝐴 ± 𝐼 ≠ 0, 𝐴2 = 𝐼. B) S does not span V.

D) 𝐴 ± 𝐼 ≠ 0, A is a Hermitian matrix. C) Neither [A] nor [B] is false.

D) None of [A],[B],[C] is false.

8. If 𝐴 ≠ 0 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 2 × 2 real matrix and

suppose 𝐴2 𝑣 = −𝑣 for all vectors 1 1
𝑣 ∈ ℝ2 ,then 11. Let 𝐴 = be a 2x2 real matrix.
0 1
Then
A) -1 is an eigenvalue of A.
A) 1 is the only eigenvalue of A.
B) The characteristic polynomial of A is
𝜆2 + 1. B) A has two linearly independent
eigenvectors.
C) The map from ℝ2 → ℝ2 given by
𝑣 ⟼ 𝐴𝑣 is surjective. C) A satisfies a polynomial equation with
real coefficients of degree 2.
D) det A = 1.
D) A is not invertible under multiplication.

9. Consider a linear system of equations

𝐴𝑥 = 𝑏 where A is a 3x3 matrix and
𝑏 ≠ 0. suppose the rank of the matrix of 12. If A and B are square matrices
coefficients 𝐴 = (𝑎𝑖𝑗 ) is equal to 2 then satisfying 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴, det 𝐴 = 1 and
det 𝐵 = 0 then det⁡ (𝐴3 𝐵 2 + 𝐴2 𝐵 3 ) is
equal to
A) -1. D) The row rank of A is n.
B) 0.
C) 1 16. If a matrix A in 𝑀𝑛×𝑛 (ℝ) where 𝑛 ≥ 2
is nilpotent, then which of the following
D) 2 statements are True?

A) 𝐼 + 𝐴 is non-singular.

B) If 𝐴 and 𝐵 commute then 𝐴𝐵 is

13. Which of the following subsets are nilpotent.
subspaces of ℝ3 ? C) If 𝑃 be any invertible matrix then 𝑃𝐴 is
nilpotent.
A) { 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 ∈ ℝ3 /5𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0}
D) All eigenvalues of 𝐴 are zero.
B) { 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 ∈ ℝ3 /5𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = −1}

C) { 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 ∈ ℝ3 /𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑠}

D) { 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 ∈ ℝ3 /𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 1}
17. Let 𝐴 be a nonsingular 3 × 3 matrix
with real entries. For every nonzero
eigenvalue 𝜆 of 𝐴,

14. Let V be a vector space of dimension n A) 𝜆 is an eigenvalue of both

and {𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , … … , 𝑣𝑛 } be a basis of V. Let 𝑃−1 𝐴𝑃, 𝑃𝐴𝑃 −1 where det 𝑃 ≠ 0.
𝜎 ∈ 𝑆𝑛 and 𝑇 ∶ 𝑉 → 𝑉 be a linear
B) 1 + 𝜆 is an eigenvalue of 𝐼 + 𝐴.
transformation defined by 𝑇 𝑣1 = 𝑣𝜎 (𝑖)
Then C) If det 𝐴 < 1 then 𝜆 < 1.
A) T is nilpotent. D) If 𝜇 is an eigenvalue of 𝐴−1 then
𝜇𝜆 = 1.
B) T is one-one but not onto.
C) T is onto but not one-one.
D) T is an isomorphism.
18. Let 𝐴 be a 2 × 2 real matrix. Let the
sum of the entries in each row of 𝐴 be
equal to 2. Which of the following
statements is true?
15. Let A be a 𝑛 × 𝑛 matrix with real
coefficients. Then A is non-singular if A) 0 is always an eigenvalue of A.
and only if
B) 0 and 2 are always eigenvalues of A.
A) For all 𝑛 × 𝑝 matrices B, 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐴𝐵 =
C) 2 is always an eigenvalues of A.
𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐵 .
D) None of the above.
B) A has a left inverse.

C) 𝑇𝑟 𝐴 = 0.
 A) System 𝐴𝑋 = 0 has unique solution.
19. Let 𝐴, 𝐵 be a 4 × 4 matrices. Denote
rank of a matrix 𝐴, 𝐵 by 𝑝 𝐴 , 𝑝(𝐵) and B) System 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐶 has unique solution for
adjoint of 𝐴 by 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 . Which of the any 𝐶.
following statements are true?
C) 𝐴𝑋 = 0 has a non-trivial solution.
A) 𝑝 𝐴 + 𝐵 ≤ 𝑝 𝐴 + 𝑝 𝐵 . D) None of the above.
B) 𝑝 𝐴 − 𝐵 ≤ 𝑝 𝐴 − 𝑝 𝐵 .

C) 𝑝 𝐴𝐵 ≤ 𝑝 𝐴 𝑝 𝐵 .
D) If 𝑝 𝐴 = 2 then 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = 𝑂4×4 . 23. The number of diagonal 3 × 3 complex
matrices 𝐴 such that 𝐴3 = 𝐼 is
A) 1.

20. Let 0 ≠ 𝑣 ∈ ℝ2 . For 0 ≤ 𝜃 < 𝜋, let B) 3.

sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
𝐴= . Then the angle C) 9.
− cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
between 𝑣 and 𝐴𝑣 is D) 27.
A) 𝜋 − 𝜃.

B) 𝜃.
𝜋
C) − 𝜃. 1 0 0
2
24. Let 𝐴 = 0 1 22 . then det⁡
(𝐴) is
D) 0. 0 1/7 𝜋
A) Zero.
B) A nonzero rational number.
21. Let 𝐴 ∈ 𝑀𝑛 ℝ . If 𝐴2 = −𝐼 (where 𝐼 is C) An irrational number less than 1.
the identity matrix), then
D) An irrational number greater than 1.
A) 𝑛 is even.

B) 𝐴 = ±𝐼.
C) All the eigen values of 𝐴 are in ℝ.
25. Consider the vector space ℝ3 over ℝ
D) A is a diagonal matrix. and 𝐴, 𝐵 ⊂ ℝ3 such that 0 ∉ 𝐴⋃𝐵. Let
the number of elements in 𝐴 and 𝐵 are 4
and 2 respectively, then

A) Both 𝐴 and 𝐵 are linearly dependent

22. Let 𝐴 be a 5 × 5 real matrix. Suppose 0 sets.
is one of eigenvalues of 𝐴. Which of the B) 𝐴 is linearly dependent set but 𝐵 is
following statement is true? linearly independent set.
C) Both 𝐴 and 𝐵 are linearly independent (ii) The two systems have the same
sets. solutions implies det 𝐴 =
det 𝐵 .
D) None of the above is a true statement.
(iii) det 𝐴 = 0 ≠ det⁡ (𝐵) implies
that the two syatems can have
different solutions.

26. Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be two 𝑛 × 𝑛 matrices such A) All are true.

that 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐴 = 𝑛, 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐵 = 𝑛 − 1. B) (i) is true.
Then which of the following are true?
C) (iii) is true.
A) det 𝐴3 = 0.
D) (i) and (ii) are true.
B) det 𝐵 = 0.

C) 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑛 − 1.

D) 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐵𝐴 = 𝑛 − 1.
29. For 𝑘, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ, let 𝑇𝑘,𝑛 be a linear map
from ℝ𝑘 → ℝ𝑛 . Which of the following
are true ?

𝑎 𝑏 A) 𝑇6,7 𝑜𝑇7,6 ∶ ℝ7 → ℝ7 can never be

27. Let 𝐴 = be a matrix with integer injective.
𝑐 𝑑
entries such that 𝑏 ≠ 0. If 𝐴2 + 𝐴 +
𝐼2 = 0 then B) 𝑇6,7 𝑜𝑇7,6 ∶ ℝ7 → ℝ7 can never be
surjective.
A) 𝑎2 − 𝑎 − 𝑏𝑐 = 1.
C) 𝑇7,6 𝑜𝑇6,7 ∶ ℝ7 → ℝ7 can never be
2
B) 𝑎 − 𝑎 − 𝑏𝑑 = 1. injective.

C) 𝑎2 + 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑐 = −1. D) 𝑇7,6 𝑜𝑇6,7 ∶ ℝ7 → ℝ7 can never be

surjective.
D) 𝑎2 + 𝑎 − 𝑏𝑐 = −1.

3 −3 3
28. Consider the system of equations 30. If 𝑃 = 2 −3 4 then 𝑃 is invertible
𝐴𝑋 = 0, 𝐵𝑋 = 0 where 𝐴 and 𝐵 are 0 −1 1
𝑛 × 𝑛 matrices and 𝑋 is a 𝑛 × 1 matrix. and 𝑃 −1 is equal to
Which of the following statements are
true. A) (𝑃2 + 𝑃 + 𝐼)/3.

(i) det 𝐴 = det⁡ (𝐵) implies that B) (𝑃2 + 𝑃 − 𝐼)/3.

the two systems have the same
solutions. C) (𝑃2 − 𝑃 + 𝐼)/3.

D) (𝑃2 − 𝑃 − 𝐼)/3.
31. Let {𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤} be a linearly independent 34. The proportion of 2 × 2 nonsingular
set in the vector space ℝ3 and let matrices whose terms are either 0 or 1 is
𝑋 = 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛{𝑢, 𝑣 + 𝑤} and 𝑌 =
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑤, 𝑢 + 𝑣 . Then the dimension of A) 1/2
𝑋 ∩ 𝑌 is B) 1/4
A) 0. C) 1/8
B) 1. D) 1/16.
C) 2.
D) Can not be found from the information.

35. Let 𝑇 ∶ 𝑉 → 𝑊 be a linear

transformation, then

32. Let 𝑋 and 𝑌 be subspaces of finite A) If 𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , … . . 𝑣𝑛 are linear independent

dimensional vector space 𝑉. Let then 𝑇 𝑣1 , 𝑇 𝑣2 … , 𝑇(𝑣𝑛 ) are linear
𝑋 + 𝑌 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑌 . The independent.
dimension of the subspace 𝑋 + 𝑌 is B) If 𝑇 𝑣1 , 𝑇 𝑣2 … , 𝑇(𝑣𝑛 ) are linear
always equal to independent, then 𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , … . . 𝑣𝑛 are
A) dim 𝑋 + 𝑌 = dim 𝑋 + dim 𝑌 − linear independent.
dim 𝑋 ∩ 𝑌 . C) 𝑇 𝑣1 , 𝑇 𝑣2 … , 𝑇(𝑣𝑛 ) are linear
B) dim 𝑋 + 𝑌 = dim 𝑋 + dim 𝑌 . independent if 𝑇 is onto.

C) dim 𝑋 + 𝑌 = max dim 𝑋 , dim 𝑌 . D) None of these.

D) dim 𝑋 + 𝑌 = dim 𝑋 + dim 𝑌 +

dim 𝑋 ∩ 𝑌 .

36. Let 𝐴, 𝐵 be a 4 × 4 matrices. Denote

rank of a matrix 𝐴, 𝐵 by 𝑝 𝐴 , 𝑝(𝐵) and
adjoint of A by 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 . Which of the
33. The nullity of 𝑛 × 𝑛 matrix all of whose following statements are true?
terms are 1 is
A) 𝑝 𝐴 + 𝐵 ≤ 𝑝 𝐴 + 𝑝(𝐵).
A) 1.
B) 𝑝 𝐴 − 𝐵 ≤ 𝑝 𝐴 − 𝑝(𝐵).
B) 𝑛.
C) 𝑝(𝐴𝐵) ≤ 𝑝 𝐴 𝑝(𝐵).
C) 𝑛 − 1.
D) If 𝑝 𝐴 = 2 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = 𝑂4×4 .
D) 𝑛 − 2.
37. Consider the vector space 𝑉 = ℝ 3 (ℝ)
and 𝐵 = 𝑣1 , 𝑣2 ⊂ 𝑉, 0 ∉ 𝐵. Which of
the following statements are true? 39. Let 𝑉 be the vector space of polynomial
of degree less than or equal to 2.let
A) If 𝐵 is a linearly dependent set then 𝐷 ∶ 𝑉 → 𝑉 be defined as 𝐷𝑓 = 𝑓 ′ . if
∃ 𝛼1 , 𝛼2 ≠ (0,0) such that 𝛼1 , 𝑣1 + 𝐵1 = 1, 𝑥, 𝑥 2 , 𝐵2 = {1,1 + 𝑥 2 , 1 +
𝛼2 , 𝑣2 = 0. 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 } be two ordered bases, then the
matrix of linear transformation [𝐷]𝐵1 ,𝐵2
B) If 𝐵 is a linearly dependent set then is
∃ 𝛼1 , 𝛼2 such that 𝛼1 ≠ 0, 𝛼2 ≠ 0 and
𝛼1 𝑣1 + 𝛼2 𝑣2 = 0. 1 0 0
A) 0 0 −2 .
C) If 𝐵 is linearly independent then ∃ no 0 0 2
nonzero 2-tuple (𝛼1 , 𝛼2 ) such that
𝛼1 , 𝑣1 + 𝛼2 , 𝑣2 ≠ 0. 0 1 0
B) 0 0 2 .
D) If 𝐵 is linearly independent then ∃ no 0 0 −2
nonzero 2-tuple (𝛼1 , 𝛼2 ) such that 0 1 0
𝛼1 , 𝑣1 + 𝛼2 , 𝑣2 = 0. C) 0 0 −2 .
0 0 2
0 1 0
D) −2 0 0 .
38. Let V be a 3-dimensional vector space 2 0 0
over ℂ. Let 𝑇 ∶ 𝑉 → 𝑉 be a linear
transformation whose characteristic
polynomial is 𝑋 − 2 𝑋 − 1 (𝑋 + 1).
Let 𝐵 be a basis of 𝑉. Then which of the
following are correct? 40. Let {𝑢, 𝑣} be a linearly independent
subset of a real vector space V. Then
A) The matrix of 𝑇 w.r.t 𝐵 is conjugate to which of the following is not a linearly
2 0 0 independent set?
0 −1 0 .
0 0 1 A) 𝑢, 𝑢 − 𝑣 .

B) The matrix of 𝑇 −1 w.r.t 𝐵 is conjugate B) 𝑢 + 2𝑣, 𝑢 − 2𝑣 .

1/2 0 0
𝑢
to 0 1 0 . C) 𝑣, 2𝑣 − 2 .
0 0 −1
C) The matrix of 𝑇 w.r.t 𝐵 is conjugate to D) 2𝑢 + 𝑣, −4𝑢 − 2𝑣 .
2 1 0
0 −1 1 .
0 0 1
D) The matrix of 𝑇 w.r.t 𝐵 is conjugate to 41. Let V be a vector space of 2 × 2 real
2 1 0 1 2
0 −1 0 . matrices. Let 𝐴 = then the
1 −1
0 0 1 dimension of the subspace spanned by
𝐴, 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 , 𝐴4 is
A) 2. 𝑆2 : 𝐴 2 × 2 matrix with eigenvalues 𝑢′
and 𝑢,2 cannot have all real entries.
B) 3.
Then
C) 4.
A) Both 𝑆1 and 𝑆2 are true.
D) 5.
B) 𝑆1 is true but 𝑆2 is false.

C) 𝑆1 is false but 𝑆2 is true.

D) Both 𝑆1 and 𝑆2 are false.

42. Let 𝐴 ∈ 𝑀3 ℚ . Consider the statements

𝑃 : Matrix 𝐴 is nilpotent.

𝑄 : 𝐴3 = 0.
3 6 12 6 9
Pick up true statements from the 0 1 1 0
following. 45. Let , , , and 0
1 0 2 2 1
2 0 4 4 2
A) 𝑃 ⟹ 𝑄. be five vectors in ℝ4 . The maximum
number of linearly independent vectors
B) 𝑄 ⇒ 𝑃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃 ⇏ 𝑄.
among them is
C) 𝑃 ⇏ 𝑄 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 ⇒ 𝑃.
A) 2.
D) None of 𝐴 , 𝐵 , [𝐶] is true.
B) 3.
C) 4.
D) 5.
43. Let 𝐴 ≠ ±𝐼 be a 2 × 2-matrix over ℝ
whose square is 𝐼. Then which of the
following statements are correct :

A) 𝐴 is a diagonal matrix. 46. The determinant of A where

B) 𝑠𝑢𝑚 of the diagonal elements of 𝐴 is 0. 0 0 0 𝑎 𝑏
0 0 0 𝑐 𝑑
C) There are infinitely many such matrices. 𝐴= 0 0 0 𝑒 𝑓
D) 1 must be an eigen value. 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 𝑠 𝑡
𝑣 𝑤 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
Is

A) 𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑤.
44. Consider the following two statements.
B) 𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑤 – 𝑣𝑞 .
𝑆1 : There exists a 3 × 3 matrix with
integer entries with eigenvalues 1.𝑢′ , 𝑢′2 C) 𝑢𝑑 – 𝑏𝑐.
(cube roots of 1).
D) 0.
47. Let 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 be three non-zero 50. Let A be an 𝑛 × 𝑛 matrix. If 𝐴𝑚 = 0 for
vectors in ℝ3 such that 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , = 0 when some integer 𝑚 then which of the
𝑖 ≠ 𝑗. Then. following statements are true?

A) Such vectors cannot exist. A) If A is nilpotent then det 𝐼 + 𝐴 = 1.

B) Such vectors form an orthonormal basis B) If A is nilpotent then 𝐴𝑛 = 0
of ℝ3 .
C) If every eigenvalue of A is 0, then A is
C) The vectors must have integer nilpotent.
coordinates.
D) If A is nilpotent then every eigenvalue
D) The vectors must be linearly of A is 0.
independent.

51. Let 𝑉 be the vector space of all

3 3
48. Suppose 𝑇 ∶ ℝ → ℝ is the map continuous functions on ℝ over the field
𝑇 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 = (2𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 2𝑥1 ). Then ℝ. Let 𝑆 = 𝑥 , 𝑥 − 1 , 𝑥 − 2 .
which of the following is true?
A) 𝑆 is linearly independent and does not
A) T has only two distinct eigenvalues. span 𝑉.

B) ker 𝑇 ≠ { 0,0,0 }. B) 𝑆 is linearly independent and spans 𝑉.

C) T has three distinct eigenvalues. C) 𝑆 is linearly dependent and does not

span 𝑉.
D) Range of T is isomorphic to ℝ2 .
D) 𝑆 is linearly dependent and spans 𝑉.

49. If 𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , 𝑣3 are linearly dependent

vectors in a vector space 𝑉 over a field 52. Let 𝐴 be an 𝑚 × 𝑛 matrix and 𝐵 be an
𝐹. If 𝑣3 is not a linear combination of 𝑣1 𝑛 × 𝑚 matrix. Then which of the
and 𝑣2 then following statements is true?

A) 𝑣1 is a linear combination of 𝑣2 and 𝑣3 . A) 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐴𝐵 > min 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐴 , 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐵 .

B) dim 𝑉 ≤ 2. B) 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐴𝐵 ≤ min 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐴 , 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐵 .

C) 𝑣3 must be a zero vector. C) 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐴𝐵 ≤
max 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐴 , 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐵 −
D) 𝑣1 and 𝑣2 are linearly dependent.
min 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐴 , 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐵 .

D) 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐴𝐵 >
max 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐴 , 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐵 −
min 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐴 , 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐵 .
53. Let 𝐴 be an 𝑛 × 𝑛 nonzero matrix
where 𝐴 is not an identity matrix. If
𝐴2 = 𝐴. Then the eigenvalues of 𝐴 are
given by
A) 1 and -1.
B) 0 and 1.
C) -1 and 0.
D) 0 and n.

54. Let 𝐴 be a 7 × 5 matrix over ℝ having

at least 5 linearly independent rows.
Then the dimension of the null space of
𝐴 is
A) 0.
B) 1.
C) 2.
D) At least 2.

55. The dimension of the vector subspace

𝑊 of 𝑀2 (𝐶) given by 𝑊 =
𝑎 𝑏
: 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 ∈ ℂ, 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑐, 𝑏 +
𝑐 𝑑
𝑐 = 𝑑, 𝑐 + 𝑎 = 𝑑 is equal to

A) 4.
B) 3.
C) 2.
D) 1.