Dr. Y. B.

SONTAKKE
Joint Director (WPC)
Maharashtra Pollution Control Board
Mumbai- 400022
 WHAT IS RIVER RESTORATION?
 River restoration is the process of managing rivers to
reinstate natural processes, to restore biodiversity,
providing benefits to both people and wildlife.
 Reintroducing natural processes can reshape rivers to
provide the diversity of habitats required for a healthy
river ecosystem and ensure their long-term recovery by
addressing the root cause of the issue.
 WHY RESTORE RIVERS?
 Rivers and their catchments provide a wide range of natural,
economic and societal services.
 River degradation has led to an extensive loss of habitats and
additional pressures on the aquatic and terrestrial species that use
them.
 Damage to river systems has been so extensive that an urgent need
has emerged, not only to conserve, but to restore these systems.
 Best practice river and catchment restoration can deliver multiple
benefits including improvements to water quality, biodiversity,
water supply security and reductions in flood risk and pollution.
 RIVER RESTORATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE

 Climate is changing and is having an effect on the

water environment. Particular risks include
increases in rainfall intensity, river flow variability,
drought frequency and water temperatures.
 River restoration is an important measure to
mitigate against the effects of climate change.
 The reconnection of watercourses to their
floodplains to help manage flood risk as well as
drought. Riparian tree planting can provide shade
and help manage water temperatures.
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES FOR RIVER POLLUTION?

Human Industrial
Wastes Wastes

Religious Yes, Our

events negligence
 Sources of Water Pollution:

 Urban development
 Industrial Wastewater
 Resurfacing of Previously Deposited Pollutants
 Solid Waste Dumping Scenario in River
 Disposal of Domestic sewage without any treatment
from Municipal Councils & villages located near bank
of rivers into the rivers.
 Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste into river from
villagers near bank of rivers.
 Human activities like - cloth washing, vehicle washing,
animals washing and human excreta disposal.
 EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION
 Groundwater contamination from pesticides causes
reproductive damage.
 Swimming in and drinking contaminated water causes various
diseases.
 Industrial chemicals and agricultural pesticides that end up in
aquatic environments can accumulate in fish that are later
eaten by humans.
 Ecosystems are destroyed by the rising temperature in the
water, as coral reefs are affected by the bleaching effect due to
warmer temperatures.
 Human-produced litter of items such as plastic bags can get
aquatic animals caught and killed from suffocation.
 Water pollution causes flooding due to the accumulation of
solid waste and soil erosion in streams and rivers.
 Oil spills in the water hinders the aquatic life.
 Aesthetic value decreases.
 STATUS OF RIVERS IN MAHARASHTRA
Water Quality of rivers in
Maharashtra is measured at 156
locations on 49 rivers and among
them 153 locations is non-complying
to the Water Quality Criteria with
respect to BOD. The names of 49
polluted rivers are; Wena,
Wainganga, Godavari, Bhima,
Krishna, Ulhas, Kundalika, Tapi,
Girna, Panchganga, Nira, Bhatsa,
Rangavali, Indrayani, Chandrabhaga,
Vashishti, Mithi, Kanhan, Koyna,
Amba, Amravati, Bindusara, Darna,
Ghod, Gomai, Hiwara, Kan, Manjra,
Mor, Morna, Mula, Mula- Mutha,
Mutha, Panzara, Patalganga, Pawna,
Pedhi, Pehlar, Penganga, Purna,
Savitri, Sina, Surya, Urmodi, Vel,
Vaitrana, Venna, Waghur and
Wardha. These rivers are classified
in priority class I, II, III, IV and V
based on the level of BOD.

Source: Bhuvan Portal

 Sewage Generation in Maharashtra

Urban Local Bodies No. sewage Sewage

generation treated Percent 0.54% 0.21%
(MLD) (MLD) treated 5.04%
( MLD) 2.59% 6%

Corporations 27 6264.75 3897 62.21

councils A Class
16 188.67 97.29 51.56
85.85
%
councils B Class
54 367.60 24.50 6.66

councils C Class 150 421.42 20.89 4.957

06 Municipal Corporations
Cantonment Board 39.04 7.10 18.18 Municipal Councils - A class
Municipal Councils - B class
Nagar Panchayat 09 15.50 2.80 18.06 Municipal Councils - C class
Cantonment Boards
Total 262 7296.98 4049.58 Nagar Panchayat
 STATUS OF SEWAGE GENERATION

Status of sewage generation and Status of Sewage generation in

treatment in India Maharashtra

Sewage
Generation
61754 MLD
7297 • Sewage
MLD Generation
Untreated
Sewage
38791 MLD
5160.36 • Installed
Treatment
Sewage
MLD Capacity
Treatment
Capacity
22963 MLD

Source: ENVIS Centre on Hygiene, Sanitation,

Sewage Treatment Systems a& Technology
 STATUS OF STPs LOCATED IN THE STATE

6465 • Capacity of Municipsl STPs

102 • Number of municipal STPs

• Operational Capacity
4447

102 • Number of STPs Capacity

344.5 • Non-Operational Capacity

10 • Number of STPs non-operational

131.96 • Underconstruction Capacity

6 • Number of STPs underconstruction

Source : ENVIS Centre on Hygiene, Sanitation, Sewage Treatment Systems a& Technology
CURRENT STATUS OF SOLID WASTE GENERATION IN THE STATE

Sr. State Towns/Cities Solid waste generation

No.
Total no. Total no. No. of class Solid waste Collected Treated Land
of cities of ULBs I & II generation (TPD) (TPD) filled
Cities/Town (TPD) (TPD)

1. Maharashtra 262 262 A class- 13 21867 21867 6993 14993

B class-57

Source : Consolidated Annual Review Report on Implementation (CPCB)

IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION OF POLLUTED RIVER STRETCHES

The criteria of each priority are elaborated indicating the concentration range of BOD
in mg/l.

NO. OF CRITERIA DESCRIPTION

STRETCHES
4 Criteria for Priority I Monitoring locations exceeding BOD concentration 30 mg/l
has been considered as the standard of sewage treatment plant
and in river it appears without dilution. (River locations
having water quality exceeding discharge standards for BOD
to fresh water sources)

5 Criteria for Priority II Monitoring locations having BOD between 20-30 mg/l.

18 Criteria for Priority III Monitoring locations having BOD between 10-20 mg/l.

12 Criteria for Priority IV Monitoring locations having BOD between 6-10 mg/l. 8

10 Criteria for Priority V Monitoring locations having BOD between 3-6 mg/l.
IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION OF POLLUTED RIVER STRETCHES
The stretches of rivers not meeting with the criteria are identified as polluted stretches and
categorized in five priority classes.
Approx. Length of BOD
Sr. Stretch Range/Max
No. River Name Stretch Identified (In Km) Value Priority
1 Mithi Powai to Dharavi 15 170 I
2 Wardha Guggus to Rajupura 30 34 I
3 Kanhan Bhandara to Nagpur 20 8.2-31.0 II
4 Krishna Shindi to Kurundwad 200 9.6-22 II
5 Kundalika Salav to Roha 25 5.4-24.0 II
6 Waingana Tumsa to Ashti 150 4.6-29.0 II
7 Amravati Koparli to Betwad 10 8.8-20.6 III
8 Bhima Vithalwadi to Takli 200 14 III
9 Rangavali Tintemba to Navapur 10 9.5-12.7 III
10 Tapi Raver to Shahada 150 12 III
11 Bhatsa Shahapur to Bhadane 20 9.0-18.0 IV
12 Girna Malegaon to Jalgaon 100 6.0-7.0 IV
13 Gomai Lonkheda to Shahda 5 10 IV
14 Kan Kavathe to Sakari 5 8 IV
15 Koyna Karad to Papdarde 7 7.8 IV
16 Manjara Latur to Nanded Bridge 2 6.5 IV
17 Urmodi Dhangarwadi to Nagthane 2 9.5 IV
Sr. Approx. Length of BOD
No. Stretch Range/Max
River Name Stretch Identified (In Km) Value Priority
18 Venna Mahabaleshwar to Mahuli 50 8.6 IV
19 Panjara Varkhade to Dhule 5 6 V
20 Patalganga Khadepada to Khopoli 30 4.0-4.4 V
21 Pelhar Pelhar Dam to Golani Naka 6 5 V
22 Ulhas Kalyan to Badlapur 20 3.8-5.0 V
23 Godavari Someshwar Temple to Rahed 300 4-40.0 I
24 Wena Kawadghat to Hindanghat 5 7.8-18.6 III
25 Savitri Dadli to Muthavali 2 4.4-15 III
26 Indrayani Moshigaon to Alandigaon 96 8.1-9.2 III
27 Mula Bopodi to Aundh Gaon 6 13.5-16.5 III
28 Mula-Mutha Theur to Mundhwa Bridge 15 16 III
29 Mutha Shivaji Nagar to Khadakwasla Dam 12 18.2 III
30 Pawna Dapodi to Ravet 12 6.5-20.0 III
31 Pedhi Narayanpur to Bhatkuli 3 14 III
32 Chandrabhaga Pandharpur to Shegaon 12 8.4-10.6 III
33 Amba Bense to Roha 10 5 V
34 Bindusara Swarajnagar to Snehanagar 3 8 IV
Sr. Approx. Length of
No. Stretch BOD Range/Max
River Name Stretch Identified (In Km) Value Priority
35 Morna Akola to Takalijalam 4 34 I
36 Purna Dhupeshwar to Asegaon 150 14-26.0 II
37 Ghod Annapur to Shishur 10 10.5 III
38 Nira Sangavi to Shindewadi 80 8.1-14.6 III
39 Penganga Mehkar to Umarkhed 40 8.7-12.6 III
40 Sina Solapur to Bankalagi 8 10.4 III
41 Vel Nhavare to Shikarpur 10 11 III
42 Darna Igatpuri to Sansari 40 8.7-12.6 III
43 Surya Dhamni dam to Palghar 40 4.0-8.0 IV
44 Hiware Pachora to Nimbora 10 4 V
45 Mor Jalgaon to Amoda 2 4 V
46 Vaitarna Gandhre to Sarashi 2 6 V
47 Vashishti Khardi to Dalvatre 3 3.2-4.8 V
48 Waghur Sunasgaon to Sakegaon 8 4 V
49 Panchganga Shirol to Kolhapur 40 4.6-7.6 IV
 Prioritywise list of rivers declared by CPCB on
2015 based on data of 2009-12
( Total 49 rivers & 49 stretches)
Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 3 Priority 4 Priority 5
(4 nos.) (5 nos.) (18 nos.) (12 nos.) (10 nos.)
GODAVARI KANHAN AMRAVATI BHATSA AMBA
MITHI KRISHNA BHIMA BINDUSARA HIWARA
MORNA KUNDALIKA CHANDRABHAGA DARNA MOR
WARDHA PURNA GHOD GIRNA PANZARA
WAINGANGA INDRAYANI GOMAI PATALGANGA
MULA KAN PELHAR
MULA - MUTHA KOYNA ULHAS
MUTHA MANJARA VAITARNA
NIRA PANCHGANGA VASHISHTI
PAWNA SURYA WAGHUR
PEDHI URMODI
PENGANGA VENNA
RANGAVALI
SAVITRI
SINA
TAPI
VEL
WENA
 Short Term Mitigation Measures:
1. At the Source treatment facilities adopted as the first step for unorganized
and small clusters of industries such as auto-service centre, bakeries,
laundries, bottle washing units, etc.
2. Effective implementation of Operation and Maintenance of ETP/STP in
Organized & large scale industries including hotels & restaurants.
3. Control over Open Defecation / solid waste dumping through installation of
sulabh sauchalaya concept and in-situ solid waste treatment facility in each
stretch.
4. Treatment facility to be installed for all designated Nallahs as per Criticality
Indices - either in-situ or ex-situ.
5. Effective collection and transfer mechanism for sewage, industrial or
otherwise source wastewater shall be implemented and connected to
proposed treatment facilities.
6. Silt accumulation and removal though already an ongoing practice needs
to be improved by enhanced scientific & effective removal followed by
scientific disposal especially silt accumulated in the nallahs at the mouth of
the river
 Long Term Management Measures:
1. All those stretches of river represented by Pink colour code of Criticality as
per indices shall be equipped with tertiary and quaternary treatment
facilities
2. The earlier fitted STP’s and treatment facilities for at source wastewater
generators for short term mitigations shall need up-gradation through
installing polishing quaternary treatment units
3. There might also be need for mechanical agitation / aeration through
natural or other means within the course of river especially in the first half
of river stretches for effectively adding up and maintaining DO levels above
6mg/l
4. Absolute vigilance and zero disposal of solid waste or entry of runoffs
carrying open defecated matter shall find its way into the river at any point
of time
5. Cluster development based on typical / representative generator of
particular type of waste such as scrap dealers, bottle washing units, buffalo
sheds (Gothas), electroplaters & laundry through allotting locations that
are equipped with environment infrastructure facilities
6. Eventually all automobile service / washing centre to adopt zero discharge
policy.
 Prioritywise list of rivers as on
March,2018
Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 3 Priority 4 Priority 5
(1 nos.) (0 nos.) (3 nos.) (12 nos.) (18 nos.)
Mithi Morna Chandrabhaga Bhima Bindusara

Pawna Ghod Girna, Godavari

Mula-Mutha Mor Gomai

Indrayani, Hiwara, Kan, Koyna

Kanhan, Mula Kundalika, Manjara,

Nira, Patalganga Urmodi

Pedhi Penganga

Purna Sina, Tapi

Waghur Vel, Venna,

Wardha, Wainganga, Wena

Priority Number Number Number of Number of Number of
Levels of of stretches based stretches stretches based
stretche stretches on 2015-16 data based on on 2017-18 data
s based based on 2016-17 data
on 2014-15
2009-12 data
data
Priority 1 4 1 1 1 1
Priority 2 05 0 0 0 0
Priority 3 18 8 6 4 3
Priority 4 12 10 18 11 12
Priority 5 10 20 10 28 18
Less - 10 13 5 14
polluted
Dry 1 1
Total 49 49 49 49 49
 Less polluted (14 nos.)

Amba, Bhatsa, Darna, Krishna, Mutha,

Panchganga, Panzara, Pelhar,
Rangavali, Savitri, Surya, Ulhas,
Vaitarna, Vashishti

Dry (1 no.)

Amravati
 Trend of Total No. Stations in Respective Priority Ranking
25

20

15

10

0
1 2 3 4 5 Less Polluted

2009-12 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Priority Rank
1 2 3 4 5 Less Total
Polluted
2009-12 4 5 18 12 10 49
2014-15 1 0 8 10 20 10 49
2015-16 1 0 6 18 10 13 48
2016-17 1 0 4 11 22 11 49
2017-18 1 0 3 12 18 15 49
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS TO IMPROVE WATER QUALITY

• Ensuring catchments are managed economically and efficiently;

• Reducing agricultural pollution (otherwise known as diffuse
pollution);
• Controlling urban pollution (otherwise known as non-agricultural
diffuse pollution);
• Monitoring and reducing chemical pollutants;
• Managing waste-water, sludge and septic tanks;
• Provision of Sewage Treatment Plants wherever required and
Disinfection system should be provided in existed treatment
plants
• Proper sanitation facilities;
• Installation of online Monitoring stations;
• A greenbelt/greenway should be developed on both sides of the
embankment;
• Reuse of treated water; and
• Renew/ Recycle practices.
ROLE OF STATES AND ULBs IN BRINGING ABOUT BEHAVIOR CHANGE

• Extensive multimedia Campaign

• Involvement of Swachh Bharat Ambassadors/ Local
celebrities or those individuals who have done
exemplary work for Swachh Bharat Mission
• Extensive involvement of Swachhagrahis to carry on the
mass movements
• Colony wise announcements on autos/ tempos to inform
& educate the public about this initiative
• Planning meeting with all stakeholders
• Involvement of religious leaders.
• Targeting youth, along with school and college children
to bring about the change. Collaboration with NGOs,
SHGs, youth organization such as NYKS, NSS etc to carry
out ground mobilization activities.
Mumbai-Mithi River

• Estimated to generate 2500 to about

3000MLD of sewage

• Possibly only 30% supposed to be

treated

• Sea as a savior

• Concerns - Open defecation in

Slums, Partial / No treatment in
residential areas - raw discharges,
solid waste dumping, industrial
discharges from unorganized
sectors, etc
• Logo made by Urban Development Department,
GoM, in the meeting of High Power Committee
dated 05/08/2017.
 Hon’ble Finance Minister, GOM, has announced Namami
Chandrabhaga Abhiyan on 18/03/2016 in the Maharashtra
Budgetary Assembly Session of 2016-17.

 Namami Chandrabhaga Authority was constituted on 12/08/2016 with

the Hon’ble Chief Minister as a Chairman of the Committee and
Hon’ble Minister Enviroment, Finance, Rural Development, Water
Supply, Water Resources, Urban Development, Chief Secretary and
ACS/ Principal Secretaries of the said Departments and Member
Secretary is Divisional Commissioner, Pune. The Director NEERI is
also one of the technical member.

 The aim of the Namami Chandrabhaga Abhiyan is to make the

Chandrabhaga river pollution free and conserve its purity and
sanctity up to year 2022.
• To maintain the permanent minimum continuous flow of water in the river bed.
• To construct weirs in the river bed for maintaining water level.
• To maintain & keep minimum environmental flow of water.
• To make available sufficient public bathrooms & toilets as well as mobile bio-
toilets to the publics during Pandharpur yatras.
• To install STP’s for treatment of domestic wastes and scientific disposal facilities
for solid waste generated from the villages & cities located on the bank of
Chandrabhaga river.
• To carry out the beautification & forestation of river banks.
• To make reuse/recycle of treated industrial water generated from the industries
and industrial estates located in the catchment area of chandrabhaga river.
• As per the local need to work for public participation and development of
pilgrimage area.
 High Power Committee constituted under the Chairmanship of
Hon’ble Chief Secretary, Govt. of Maharashtra having Divisional
Commissioner, Pune as Member Secretary.
 The Committee has decided to make basic profile, utilization of
funds received from Environment Deptt., the villages above 10000
population shall be treated for pollution mitigation through Rural
Development Programs.
 MPCB has started strict vigilance and initiated actions against
defaulters as well as persuation with the Local Bodies for providing
sewage treatment plants.
 The Local Bodies were asked to reserve 25% funds from their
budgetary provision can be utilized for sewage and solid waste
management.
Water Consumption and Sewage Generation in Bhima
Basin
A: Councils
Sr. Name of Councils Population Water Sewage Generation Disposal Location Treated Water Untreated
No. 2011 Consumption/A Disposal /A. Water
(MLD) (MLD) Disposal/A.
(MLD)
1 Indapur Municipal Council, 49549 1095 876 Bhima River Nil 876
Indapur
2 Daund Council, Daund 24208 1825 1533 Bhima River 1533 Nil
3 Jejuri Council, Jejuri 13693 1780 1533 Nil Nil 1533
4 Saswad Council, Saswad 26689 1825 1460 Karha River 1460 Nil
5 Baramati Council, Baramati 61500 7300 4380 Nil Nil 4380

6 Bhor Council, Bhor 17000 1216 730 Neera Nil 730

7 Talegaon Dabhade Council 56000 4982.25 2190 Indrayani River Nil 2190
8 Alandi Council, Alandi 17561 912.5 912.5 Indrayani River Nil 912.5
9 Junnar Council, Junnar 24760 1168 602.25 Nil Nil 602.25
10 Rajgurunagar Council 28592 1860 1460 Bhima River Nil 1460
11 Shirur Council, Ghodnadi, 26999 1825 1825 Ghod River 1825 Nil
Dist: Pune
12 Lonavala Council 61500 8030 6424 Indrayani River 1350.5 5073.5
13 Pune Cantonment Board, 80191 11680 8322 Mula-Mutha River 5475 2847
Pune
14 Dehu Cantonment Board, 46921 3978 3650 Indrayani River Nil 3650
Dehu
15 Khadki Cantonment Board, 77473 5015.1 2190 Mula-Mutha River 2190 Nil
Khadki
16 Chakan Council, Chakan 48600 1820 1514.75 Indrayani River Nil 1514.75
Total 6616236 56311 38069.5 13833.5 25769
 B: Corporations

Sr. Name of Populatio Water Sewage Disposal Treated Untreated

No. Corporation n 2011 Consumptio Generatio Location Water Water
n/A (MLD) n (MLD) Disposal /A. Disposal/A
(MLD) . (MLD)
1 Pune Corporation 3115431 446030 271560 Mula-Mutha 206955 64605
2 Pimpri Chinchwad 2000000 164250 106215 Pawna, Indrayani- 87600 18615
Corporation Mula
3 Solapur Corporation 951118 40150 32850 Sina River 29200 3650
Total 6066549 650430 406975 323755 86870

C: Industrial Estates
Sr. Name of Industrial Place Water Sewage Disposal Treated Untreated
No. Estate Consumptio Generatio Location Water Water
n/A (MLD) n (MLD) Disposal /A. Disposal/A
(MLD) . (MLD)
1 Pimpri Chinchwad Pimpri 29450 12400 Nil 12400 Nil
Industrial Estate Chinchwad
Corporation
2 Kurkumbh Industrial Estate Kurkumbh, 2555 1395 Nil 1395 Nil
Dist: Daund
3 Chakan Industrial Estate Chakan, Dist: 4650 1860 Nil 1860 Nil
Daund
4 Hinjwadi Industrial Estate Hinjwadi, 4650 1860 Nil 1860 Nil
Dist: Daund
5 Talegaon Dabhade Talegaon, 2325 930 Nil 930 Nil
Industrial Estate Dist: Daund
Total 43630 18445 Nil 18445 Nil
Public Awareness During Pandharpur Vaari
 MPCB has started
Public Awareness
through Folk Arts since
2010. Awareness
about composting, Not
to litter plastic,
Conservation of the
national resources
through Hon’ble Chief
Minister, Maharashtra
and Minister for
Environment, GOM for
gathering at large
during Vaari.