Design of a Impeller Centrifugal Pump

Group member: Harsh Rikame(12010547),Samarth Ikkalaki (12010299) ,Aditya

Inamdar(12010965),Vaishnavi Jade(12011087),Kashyap Kadam(12011262)

Guide name:Prof.Dr.Laxmikant Mangate Sir

Third Year Mechanical Engineering,VIT Pune

Abstract— Although in commercial required to pump the fluid. Due to

cases, there's mostly only the need to do centrifugal force, the product goes to the
the selection of pumps from available impeller perimeter after entering the pump
manufactured pumps and different at the impeller's center of rotation. The
brands of it according to the customers liquid is at its highest pressure at this
need and convenience. Design of a moment when it flows through the
centrifugal pump is carried out for pipeline's outlet. The centrifugal pump's
extensive purposes to be fulfilled for straightforward construction makes it
particular needs of the consumer. In this simple to modify for cleaning-in-place
project, design of a centrifugal pump uses..
from a given set of details about the II LITERATURE SURVEY
usage of the pump in a particular
situation has been done along with its [1]Design and Analysis of Centrifugal
analysis on Ansys. The separate design Pump by using CFD(IEEE Publication)
model of the pump on solidworks will R. Dayakar U. Sridhar Reddy S.
also be produced. Phaneendra
[2]CFD For centrifugal pumps: a
Keywords— Centrifugal Pump, review of the state of the art
Manometric Head and Flow rate. (Procedia Engineering) S.R Shah
S.V Jain
I . Introduction
For pumping water in industrial III. Design
applications, centrifugal pumps are the
most affordable and popular type of pump. The Centrifugal pump is directly coupled
Their parts are made up of fixed bearings, to an electric motor in order to minimize
a casing, a casing cover, and an impeller all the power loss in mechanical input
that rotates on a shaft. A revolving which would have taken place if there
impeller, which is the foundation of a were to be a gearbox in between.
centrifugal pump's operation, transforms
kinetic energy into the pressure or velocity
The Design of pump is broken down and factors. One such factor is the Specific
made achievable in mere seven steps : Speed (Ns)
1. Obtaining Design Discharge
Even Though we are promptly given It is defined as the speed of a
a desired discharge from the pump a geometrically similar pump which would
consumer expects to yield, the 3
modification of the discharge given deliver one unit quantity(1𝑚 /𝑠) against
has to be done in order to a unit head (1m)
compensate with the loss of 𝑁 𝑄
discharge possible to various factors
𝑁𝑠 = 3/4 …(1)
𝐻𝑚
such as leakage. recirculation,etc.,
where N= Speed of motor in rpm
2. Furthermore, the next step would be
Q= Design Discharge (obtained from
to design the suction pipe and the
step1)
delivery pipe of the pump for
H 𝑚= Manometric Head
optimal process of pumping. In this
process the diameter of the pipe Obtained Value Decides the type of
along with the velocity of the fluid impeller as follows:
will be derived
3. Manometric Head (Hm) which is the 𝑁𝑠 Type of Impeller
total resistance a pump has to
overcome in order to pump fluid 10-30 Radial Flow-Low
from the ground to the tank needs to Runner
be calculated for designing various
aspects of the pump 30-50 Radial
4. Motor Selection Flow-Medium
5. Impeller Design : The crucial step Runner
where an impeller diameter(inner
outer) and the vane angles along 50-80 Radial Flow-High
with the number of vanes are Runner
supposed to be established in this 80-160 Mixed Flow
step.
6. Pump shaft and Impeller Shaft 160-500 Axial Flow
design is carried out in this step
Table1.Specific Speed classification
7. Casing Design: The shape, the
vortex curvature and the flow of
Now in order to design a pipe we ought to
liquid is considered in this step.
know the standard size of pipes which in
Implementing above mentioned steps will
this project will be considered along the
lead us to our desired centrifugal pump
ANSI standards, these pipes start with:
within required time.However, there are
½” , ¾”, 1 ½”, 2” , 2 ½”, 3”, 4” ,5”.... and
few pre-requisite values one must consider
so on where 1”=25.4mm
as they play an important role in deciding
 higher discharge and also ensure less
To lift the water under room temperature friction head loss.
or to avoid separation or cavitation (the
evaporation of water when the suction In eq.(2), ℎ𝑓𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 is the head loss caused
takes place in a pump which results in a by the presence of various valves such as
pressure loss as well as head loss is called foot valves in the case of suction pipes and
cavitation and should be avoided at all bends in the pipes, which further result in
costs), there is a condition needed to be the head loss.
fulfilled by the total suction head which
was derived from the book of Basic Next prerequisite would be the
Principles and Components of Fluid Manometric Head which is the summation
Technology: of Total suction Head and Total Delivery
𝐻𝑠=ℎ𝑠+ℎ𝑓 +ℎ𝑓𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 Head.
𝑠

….(2)
𝐻𝑚=𝐻𝑠+𝐻𝑑 ….(4)
Where ℎ𝑓 is the head loss due to friction
𝑠

also given by Where

𝐻𝑑(Total delivery head)=ℎ𝑑+ℎ𝑓 +ℎ𝑓𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠+
2
ℎ𝑓 = {f.l.𝑣 /2gd} 𝑠 𝑣
2
𝑑

𝑠 𝑑

……(3) 2𝑔
…(4)
Now as we know by the equation of
continuity in order to achieve a greater ℎ𝑑= Static delivery head
discharge, the area of the pipe should be ℎ𝑓 = friction head loss
high and thus the diameter of the pipe, 𝑑

which also helps the cause to reduce the ℎ𝑓𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠=Losses due to bends and valves
friction head loss by increasing the such as non return valves and gate valves
denominator of the above mentioned 𝑣
2

equation 𝑑
=Discharge Velocity Head
2𝑔
Hence we established a relationship
between the velocity of fluid in suction
pipe and the diameter of the suction pipe Now, Values of minor head losses can be
which draws us an obvious conclusion that calculated or derived experimentally, but
states that the installation of the pump in order to simplify calculations, some
should be close to the sump in order to empirical relations derived and mentioned
reduce the length of suction pipe and hence below to assume minor head losses are:
the friction head loss, also the diameter of
the pipe should be large and the velocity h Description
should be moderate in order to provide
0.1m Bends
0.28m Foot Suction
Valve+strainer Head
0.3m NRV Length of lₛ 5m
0.2m Gate valve suction
pipe
Table 2. Minor Head Losses.
Static h(d) 15m
Various factors affect the optimacy of delivery
velocities of fluid in suction and delivery head
pump such as the energy loss due to
friction, cavitation and the compactness of Length of l(d) 20m
the pumps and pipes, which have led to delivery
derive a range of recommended velocities pipe
in the two pipes, these are:
𝑉𝑠=1.25 to 5.5m/s Discharge / Qg 1000 lpm
Flow rate
𝑉𝑑=3.5 to 7.5m/s
Fluid to be Water
With collection and noting down all Pumped
prerequisites needed in designing of a
centrifugal pump, we will further begin the
step1 which was to design discharge, Therefore, The design discharge
considering the leakage losses to be 0.5%,
the design Discharge

Q=1.05𝑄𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 ….(5) Q=17.5 ×10 𝑚 /s

−3 3

PROBLEM STATEMENT STEP 2:

There is a need to design all the
components of a centrifugal pump for the For design of suction pipe, Since:
given data : Q=AV
−3 2
1.75×10 =Π/4×𝑑 ×𝑣𝑠
𝑠

Since 𝑣𝑠 is not specified we take vs to be

average of recommended velocities and
Static hₛ 3m evaluate for diameter of suction pipe. After
doing so, we get the diameter of suction for manometric head(𝐻𝑚)
pipe to be
As stated at eq(4); The manometric head is
2
𝑑 =0.08125m or 81.25mm
𝑠
summation of gross suction and gross
delivery head.Hence,
which is 3.198”. From the available
standard pipe sizes, we will choose 4” as Using prerequisite points we get,
3” would be less and hence lesser
𝐻𝑠 = 4. 39𝑚.
discharge.

Now, to validate the use of 4”pipe, we put Which is less than 8 and hence the design
the value of diameter in the e. of continuity can be proceeded without worrying about
again to verify the velocity for this pipe cavitation.
and to check whether it falls between the
𝐻𝑑 = 58. 68𝑚.
recommended velocity range.
−3 2 The value of manometric head, thus, is:
1.75×10 =Π/4×(0.1016)(0.1016)×𝑉𝑠

After solving, actual velocity of suction

𝑉𝑠 =2.16m/s 𝐻𝑚 =𝐻𝑠 +𝐻𝑑=63.07m.

As it clearly falls within recommended The centrifugal pump has to overcome

range, The design is adapted for the 63.07m of resistance in head.
suction pipe.
STEP 4: Motor Selection
Using Similar steps we get the Diameter of 𝑤𝑄𝐻𝑚
delivery pipe to be 𝑑𝑑 = Since Motor Power= η (6)
𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙
0.636m=63.65mm=2.5”.
w=9810 N/m3
Since the diameter of the suction pipe is
exact to the available standard sizes, the η𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙=0.7(product of hydration
velocity would remain the same(i.e., the
average of recommended velocities for
and mechanical efficiency)
delivery pipe).Therefore, 𝑣𝑑 = 5. 5𝑚/𝑠.

STEP 3: Now we will begin the calculation After Solving eq(6)

 3
M.P=15.47×10 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠 The Specific speed comes out to be

Now from the PSG Design Data book, 𝑁𝑠 =17.02

Page 5.124:
By Table 1 we derive that the
impeller required would be radial flow-low
runner

The impeller would be a closed one since

the fluid used in the pump is water and the
vanes of the impeller would be backward
curved vanes as it provides highest
efficiency in impeller (empirical data).

We can see in the first column after 11KW

we get 15 and 18.5.Since, we get power to
be 15.46 we will choose the greater option
18.5 for operation.Since Pumps are high
speed operators we will obviously select
the motor with higher rpm, Hence,
3000RPm Motor.

Design Speed would be And the material of the impeller is

phosphorus bronze as it is:

3000 × 0. 96 = 2880 𝑅𝑃𝑀 = 𝑁 ● High corrosion resistance

● Easy to cast
Considering mechanical losses. ● Possess adequate strength.
In order to design the impeller for STEP 5,
we need to derive the specific speed using
eq(1)
 dimensions.

The suction nozzle has a little convergence

for better flow of fluid of an angle of 5
deg.Furthermore the length of suction
nozzle is taken 7.5cm as per standard
VELOCITY TRIANGLE AT VANE: guidelines.

Therefore by the triangle formed at the

suction nozzle we can determine the value
of 𝐷1.

Design of suction nozzle and impeller

diameter (STEP 6):
Therefore, from the above triangle by
An axisymmetric diagram of the impeller applying;
is established to help solve for the
 𝑑𝑠−𝐷1
𝑉𝑓 =6.59m/s.
tan(5)= 𝑙𝑠𝑛
2 2

Again, as per the Gibbson rule:

Which gives us D1=90mm.
𝑉𝑓 = 1. 3𝑉𝑓
1 2
Now, For 𝐷2, we have an equation :
Therefore, 𝑉
𝑓1
=8.57m/s.
Π𝐷2𝑁2
𝑈2= 60
(7)
(velocity of flow at inlet).
We know the values of N but the velocity
From the inlet velocity triangle above, we
at exit 𝑈 =(1.2 to 1.8) 𝑔𝐻 get
2 𝑚

To control the centrifugal stresses, the

above mentioned formula is designed. 𝑉𝑓
tanβ1 = 1

𝑈2 =37.31m/s. 𝑈1

After putting the value of 𝑈2 in eq(7) Π𝐷1𝑁1

Where 𝑈1= 60
We get 𝐷2 = 247𝑚𝑚.
𝑈1=13.57m/s
As per the Gibbson rule :
(velocity at impeller
1 1
2𝑔𝐻𝑚≤𝑉𝑓 ≤ 4 2𝑔𝐻𝑚 (8) inlet).
8
2
β1 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 32. 27 𝑑𝑒𝑔
By putting the required values in eq(8) we
get: Similarly, from exit velocity triangle

4.397m/s≤𝑉 ≤8.79m/s. 𝑉𝑓
𝑓2
𝑡𝑎𝑛β2 = 𝑢2−𝑣𝑤
𝑠
(9)
2
By taking the average we get the velocity
of flow at exit to be We know that manometric efficiency lies
between 88 to 92% and hence we will The vane thickness at exit should be
assume it to be the average of the values minimum to ensure maximum thrust of
i.e., 90% and since the formula of fluid through the pump and hence is often
calculating manometric efficiency is: just 8mm as it is the minimum required
thickness for casting.
𝐻𝑚
η𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑜= 𝑣𝑤 𝑢2 (10) 𝑡2=8mm
2
𝑔 Vane thickness at inlet; 𝑡1 =𝑡2+4mm.

The value of velocity of whirl at exit ( The justification of such an implication

𝑣𝑤 ) can be derived from eq(10) would be to create a stronger beam that
2
can resist bending and it will promote a
diverging effect by sustaining high
Which comes out to be pressure fluids and pushing them forward.

𝑣𝑤 =18.43m/s. 𝑡1=12mm.
2
Width of impeller at inlet and exit :
Putting the value in eq(9) 𝑏2(𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡):

We get; Q=[Π𝐷2𝑏2]𝑣𝑓2 − [𝑛𝑏2𝑡2]𝑣𝑟2

β2=19.24 deg. 𝑉𝑟 =20m/s (from outlet velocity triangle)

2

Vane angles at inlet and exit are hence By solving the equation for b2 we get ;
determined.
𝑏2=4.38mm
Empirically, the number of vanes (n)

𝐷1+𝐷2 Similarly, 𝑏 =16.28mm.

n=6.5⎡ 𝐷1−𝐷2 ⎤sinβ𝑚 1
⎣ ⎦
From the following design calculations a
Where β𝑚 =(β1 + β2)/2=25.76 deg. impeller model on solidworks was created.

Therefore the number of vanes (n) appears

to be around 6.06, rounding up to 7.
 VI. Conclusion
Although Centrifugal Pumps are usually
selected from available range of
dimensions and requirement heads,
designing a centrifugal pump from scratch
requires knowledge of every component
working and the possible stresses and
strains along with fluid interaction of the
component.
In this project, we designed a centrifugal
pump with limited parameters and
implemented the design calculations to
make a CAD model out of it.

X. References

[1] Design Data book by PSG college of

technology.
[2]Basic Principles and Components of
Fluid Technology The Hydraulic Trainer.
Volume 1
[3]FLUID MECHANICS
FUNDAMENTALS AND
APPLICATIONS
[4]A TEXTBOOK OF FLUID
MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC
MACHINES in SI UNITS.