B.Ed. Syllabus (Semester I) Paper - I: Philosophical Perspectives of Education Total Marks: 80

B.ED.
SYLLABUS (SEMESTER I)
PAPER - I: PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES OF EDUCATION
TOTAL MARKS: 80
Course Outline
Unit - I: Aims of Education
- Education: Nature & its meaning, objectives/aims in relation to the time and place.
- Educational Aims in the Western Context: With specific reference to Western thinkers such as
Russell & Dewey. Their impact on educational thoughts and class room practices in terms of
progressive trends in education.
- Educational Aims in the Indian Context: With specific reference to Indian thinkers such as
Gandhi & Tagore.
- Philosophy and Education: Significance of studying philosophy in understanding educational
practices and problems.
Unit - II: Philosophical Systems
Major Philosophical Systems: their salient features and their impact on education.
- Realism with reference to Aristotle and Jainism.
- Naturalism with reference to the view of Rousseau and Rabindra Nath Tagore.
- Idealism with reference to Plato, Socrates and Advaita Philosophy.- Pragmatism with
reference to Dewey’s “Instrumentalism & Experimentalism”.
- Humanism: Historical & Scientific and Buddhists.
Unit - III: Indian Thinkers
Educational thinkers and their contribution in developing principles of education.

- M.K. Gandhi: Basic tenets of Basic Education.
- Gijju Bhai: The world of the child.
- Swami Vivekananda: Man making education.
- Sri Aurobindo: Integral education, its basic premises, stages of development.
- J. Krishna Murthy: Child Centerd Education.
Unit - IV: Western Thinkers
- JJ Rousseau
- John Dewey
- Antonio Gramsci ( Neo-Gramscian Theory)
- Paulo Friere (Democratic Education)
Unit - V: Contemporary Thought
- Critical and comparative study of the period and socio-political perspective of the Western
and Indian Thinkers.
- Contemporary philosophical perspectives of Education, Modernization & Globalization in
thought and education.
PAPER - II: LEARNER AND LEARNING PROCESS
TOTAL MARKS: 80
Course Outline
Unit - I: Nature of Psychology and Learners
- Psychology: Its meaning, nature, methods and scope; functions of educational psychology.
- Stages of Human Development: Stage specific characteristics and developmental tasks.
- Adolescence in Indian Context: Characteristics and problems of adolescents, their needs and
aspirations.
- Guidance and counselling for adolescents.
Unit - II: Learning
- Nature of Learning: Learning theories with specific reference to Piaget’s Cognitive Theory and
Vigotsky’s Social Learning.
- Factors influencing learning and teaching process: Learner related, teacher related, process
related, and content related.
Unit - III: Intelligence
- Nature and characteristics of intelligence and its development.
- Theories of intelligence: Two factor theory - Multifactor Theory (PMA) and SI Model.
- Measuring intelligence: Verbal, Non-Verbal and Performance tests (one representative of

group
test and individual test of each),
- Creativity: definition & measurement.Unit - IV: Exceptional Children
- Concept of exceptional children: Types and characteristics of each type including Children with
learning disabilities.
- Individual differences: Nature; accommodating Individual differences in the classroom.
Learner centered techniques for teaching exceptional children.
- Personality: Definition, meaning and nature; development of personality; type and trait
theories
of personality.
- Group Dynamics, Psycho-analysis.
Unit - V: Socialization, Culture and Education in Indian context
- History of Indian psychology with specific reference to religions and epics.
- Durganand Sinha’s Cognitive Development.
- Understanding diversity in Indian culture.

PAPER - III: PEDAGOGICAL STUDIES (PART I)
PEDAGOGY OF MATHEMATICS (PART I)
TOTAL MARKS: 80
Unit - I: Nature and Scope of Mathematics
Meaning and scope of mathematics. A mathematical theorem and its variants—converse,

inverse
and contra-positive, proofs and types of proofs, difference between proof and verification;
Deductive nature of mathematics; History of mathematics with special emphasis on teaching of
mathematics, contribution of Indian mathematicians. Aesthetic sense in mathematics and

beauty
in mathematics.
Unit - II: Exploring Learners
Cultivating learner's sensitivity like intuition, encouraging learner for probing, raising queries,
appreciating dialogue among peer-group, promoting the student's confidence (Carrying out
examples from various mathematical content areas such as Number Systems, Geometry, Sets,
etc.).
Unit - III: Aims and Objectives of Teaching School Mathematics
Need for establishing general objectives for teaching mathematics; Study of the aims and
general
objectives of teaching mathematics vis-a-vis the objectives of school education; writing specific
objectives and teaching points of various content areas in mathematics like Algebra, Geometry,
Trigonometry, etc.
Unit - IV: School Mathematics Curriculum
Objectives of curriculum, principles for designing curriculum, designing curriculum at different
stages of schooling. Some highlights of curriculum like vision of school mathematics, main goal
of mathematics education, core areas of concern in school mathematics, curricular choices at
different stages of school mathematics education, construction of syllabi in various disciplines

of
mathematics, for example, Algebra, Geometry, etc.; Pedagogical analysis of various topics in
mathematics at various level of schooling- Arithmetic (Development of Number Systems),
Algebra, Trigonometry, Statistics and Probability, etc.
Unit - V: Approaches and Strategies in Teaching and Learning of Mathematical
Concepts
Nature of concepts, concept formation and concept assimilation, Moves in teaching a

conceptdefining, stating necessary and/or sufficient condition, giving examples accompanied by
a
reason. Comparing and contrasting; Giving counter examples; Non-examples; Planning and
implementation of strategies in teaching a concept like teaching of algebra, geometry,
trigonometry, mensuration, etc.; Difference between teaching of mathematics and teaching of
science.
PEDAGOGY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE (PART I)
TOTAL MARKS: 80
Course Outline (Part I)
Unit - I: Nature and Scope of Biological Science
Science as a domain of enquiry, dynamic body of knowledge and as a process of constructing
knowledge; Biological Science for environment and health, peace, equity; History of biological
science, its nature and knowledge of biological science independent of human application;
Origin of life and evolution, biodiversity, observations and experiments in biological sciences;
Interdisciplinary linkages, biological sciences and society.

Unit - II: Aims and Objectives of Biological Science Developing scientific attitude and scientific
temper; Nurture the natural curiosity, aesthetic
senses and creativity in Biology; Acquire the skills to understand the methods and process that
lead to exploration; Generalisation and validation of scientific knowledge in Biological Science;
Relate Biology education to environment (natural environment, artifacts and people) and
appreciate the issues at the interface of science, technology and society; Imbibe the values of
honesty, integrity, cooperation, concern for life and preservation of environment; Solving
problems of everyday life; Know the facts and principles of Biology and its applications
consistent with the stages of cognitive development of learners; Specific objective of different
content areas in Biology.
Unit - III: Exploring Learners
Motivating learner to bring his/her previous knowledge in Science/Biology gained through
classroom/environment/parents and peer group; Cultivating in teacher-learner the habit of
listening to child; Generating discussion, involving learners in teaching-learning process,
encouraging learners to raise questions, appreciating dialogue amongst peer groups,

encouraging
learners to collect materials from local resources and to develop/fabricate suitable activities in
Biological Science (individual or group work); Role of learners in negotiating and mediating
learning in Biology.
Unit - IV: School Science Curriculum (Biological Science)
Trends in Science curriculum; Consideration in developing learner-centred curriculum iin
Biology; Analysis of textbooks and Biology syllabi of NCERT and States/UTs at upper primary,
secondary and higher secondary stages; Analysis of other print and non-print materials in the
area of Biological Science used in various states.
Unit - V: Approaches and Strategies of Learning Biological Science

Pedagogical shift from science as fixed body of knowledge to process constructing knowledge,
scientific method- observation, enquiry, hypothesis, experimentation, data collection,

generalisation (teacher-educator will illustrate taking examples from different stage-specific
content areas keeping in mind the variation, e.g. structure and function, molecular aspects,
interaction between living and non-living, biodiversity, etc.); Communication in Biological
Sciences; Problem solving, investigatory approach, concept mapping, collaborative learning,

and
experiential learning in Biological Science (teacher-learner will design learning experiences
using each of these approaches); Facilitating learners for self-study
PEDAGOGY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE (PART I)
TOTAL MARKS: 80
Unit - I: Nature of Science
Science as a domain of enquiry, as a dynamic and expanding body of knowledge; Science as a
process of constructing knowledge; Science as interdisciplinary area of learning
(Thermodynamics, Biomolecules, Surface Chemistry, etc.); Facts, concepts, principles, laws and
theories- their characteristics in context of Physical Science (citing examples for each); Physical
Science for environment, health, peace, equity; Physical Sciences and society; Contribution of
eminent scientists- Isaac Newton, Dalton, Neils Bohr, De Broglie, J. C. Bose, C. V. Raman,
Albert Einstein, etc.
Unit - II: Aims and Objectives of Physical Science
Developing scientific attitude and scientific temper, Nurture the natural curiosity, aesthetic
senses and creativity in Science (secondary stage)/ Physics and Chemistry (higher secondary
stage); Acquire the skills to understand the method and process of Science/Physical Science
that
lead to exploration, generation and validation of knowledge in Science/Physical Science; Relate
Science/Physics and Chemistry education to the environment (natural environment, artifacts

and
people) and appreciate the issues at the interface of science, technology and society; Imbibe
the
values of honesty, integrity, cooperation, concern for life and preservation of environment,
Solving problems of everyday life; Know the facts and principles of Science/Physics and
Chemistry and its applications consistent with the stages of cognitive development of learners,
(e.g. Mechanics, Heat, Electricity, Magnetism, Light, Acid, Bases and Salts, Thermodynamics,
Metallurgy, Physical and Chemical Changes, Nature and States of Matter, etc.); Specific
objective of different content areas in science/physics and chemistry.
Unit - III: Exploring Learners
Motivating learners to bring his/her previous knowledge gained in science/physics and

chemistry
through classroom/environment/parents and peer group; Cultivating in teacher-learner the

habit of listening to child; Generating discussion, involving learners in teaching-learning
process;
Encouraging learners to raise questions, appreciating dialogue amongst peer group;

Encouraging
learners to collect materials from local resources (soil, water, etc.) and to develop/fabricate
suitable activities in science/ physics and chemistry (individual or group work); Role of learners
in negotiating and mediating learning in Science/Physical Science.
Unit - IV: School Science Curriculum (Physical Science)
Trends in Science curriculum; Consideration in developing learner-centred curriculum in
Physical Science; Analysis of Science/Physics and Chemistry syllabi and textbooks of NCERT and
States (at upper primary, secondary and higher secondary stage); Analysis of other print and
non-print materials used in various states in the area of Physical Science.

Unit - V: Approaches and Strategies of Learning Physical Science
Pedagogical shift from Science as fixed body of knowledge to process of constructing
knowledge, scientific method- observation, enquiry, hypothesis, experimentation, data

collection,
generalisation (teacher-educator will illustrate each taking examples from specific contents of
Science/Physics and Chemistry, such as Solutions, Colloids, Chemical Equilibrium,
Electrochemistry, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Matter, Reflection, Refraction, Wave
Optics etc.); Communication in Science/Physical Science, Problem solving, investigatory
approach, concept mapping, collaborating learning and experiential learning in Science/Physics
and Chemistry (teacher-learner will design learning experiences using each of these
approaches)
facilitating learners for self-study
PEDAGOGY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE (PART I)
TOTAL MARKS: 80
Unit - I: Social Sciences as an Integrating Area of Study: Context and Concerns
- Distinguishing between Natural and Social Sciences: Major Social Sciences disciplines in
Schools.
- What is 'social' about various Social Sciences?
- Uniqueness of disciplines vis-a-vis inter-disciplinarity.
- Linking child's natural curiosity with natural phenomena like weather, flora and fauna; spatial
and temporal contexts; important social and economic issues and concerns of the present day
Indian society.
- Multiple perspectives/plurality of approaches for constructing explanations and arguments.

Unit - II: Teaching-Learning Resources in Social Sciences
- People as Resource: The significance of oral data.
- Types of Primary and Secondary Sources: Data from field, textual materials, journals,
magazines, newspapers, etc.
- Using the library for secondary sources and reference material, such as dictionaries and
encyclopedias.
- Various Teaching Aids: Using atlas as a resource for Social Sciences; maps, globe, chart models,
graphs, visuals.
- Audio-Visual Aids, CD-Rom, multimedia, internet.
Unit - III: Social Sciences Curriculum for Schools in India
- Curriculum Development Process: National and State levels.
- Studying the Social Sciences Syllabus: Aims and objectives, content organisation and
presentation of any State Board and CBSE for different stages of school education.
Unit - IV: Teaching-Learning of Geography- Space, Resources and Developments Meaning,

Nature and Scope of Geography: Current Trends.
- Teaching and Learning Major Themes and Key Concepts in Geography.
- Location: Absolute (Grid system of latitudes and longitudes) and relative location: two ways of
describing the positions of places and people on the earth's surface. Differentiating between
sites
(location) and situation (place).
- Place: Distinct physical and human characteristic of places that distinguish one from the other.
- Movements: Interdependence and interaction across space, migration of people, transport

and
communication; trade and commerce, patterns of centres, pathways and hinterlands.
- Regions: Formation and change.
- The above content may be used to understand teaching-learning strategies and skill
development in Geography.
- Developing Skills in Geography: Observation, recording and interpretation of physical and
social features and phenomena; Reading and interpreting geographical information through
tables, figures, diagrams, photographs; Map reading and interpreting using scale (distance),
direction, symbols, point, line and area; Visual-to-verbal and verbal-to-visual transformation
leading to mental mapping; Identifying, constructing and asking geographical questions;
Developing and gathering relevant information and data and analysing them to answer
geographical questions and offering explanations and interpretations of their findings; applying
acquired knowledge and skills for understanding the wider world and taking personal decisions;
taking up activities to study environmental degradation in the local area and its preservation
methods; studying any disaster involving all factors at the local/global levels.
- Teaching Strategies in Geography: Questioning; Collaborative strategies; Games, simulations
and role plays; Values clarification; problem-solving and decision-making.
- Methods: Interactive verbal learning; Experiential learning through activities, experiments;
Investigative field visits based on students' own interests with teacher's support as facilitator;
Engagement with 'places' at an emotional or sensory level using art, poetry and literature.
- Techniques: Using textbooks and atlas as a part of oral lessons, non-oral working lessons;
using
medium and large scale maps; using pictures, photographs, satellite imageries and aerial
photographs; using audio-visual aids, CDs, multimedia and internet; case study approach.
Unit - V: Teaching-Learning of Economics: State, Market, and Development
- As a branch of social science, economics is concerned with people. It studies how to provide
them with means to realise their potential. This unit on economics deals with the broad themes
of
state, market, and development. Market and state are interrelated as instruments of
development.
The course endeavours to introduce the learners to key economic concepts and issues that
affect
their everyday lives.
- Meaning, Nature and Scope of Economics: Current Trends Key Concepts in Economics like
Scarcity and choice, opportunity cost, productivity, demand, supply and market mechanism,
Division of labour and specialisation.
- Classification of Economic System: Capitalism, Socialism, mixed economy (case study: India)
- Developmental Issues in Economics: Sustainable Development- economic growth and
economic development- indicators of measuring the well-being of an economy; Gross Domestic
Product; economic planning; Poverty; Food Security; Price rise; Role and functions of
Moneyformal and informal financial institutions and budget; Classification of Production
Activities primary, secondary and tertiary; Economic Reforms and Globalisation (discuss these
developmental issues with reference to India).
The above content may be used to undertstand the teaching, learning strategies and skill
development in economics.
- Teaching-Learning Methods in Economics: In addition to usual methods like lecture,
discussion, story-telling, other methods like problem-solving, simulation, games, use of media
and technology, concept mapping, project and activities like field visits (e.g. visit to a
construction site for data on wages and employment), collection of data from documents (e.g.
Economic Survey, Five Year Plan), analysing and interpreting data (using simple tables,
diagrams and graphs) can be undertaken. Self-study and collaborative learning activities should
be encouraged.
- Teaching-Learning Materials: Using textbook, analysis of news (Newspaper, TV, and Radio);
documents (e.g. Economics Survey, Five Year Plan), Journals and News Magazines.
PEDAGOGY OF LANGUAGE (ENGLISH) (PART I)
TOTAL MARKS: 80
Unit - I: Role of Language
- Language and Society: Language and Gender; Language and Identity; Language and Power;
Language and Class (Society).
- Language in School: Home language and School language; Medium of understanding (child’s
own language); Centrality of language in learning; Language across the curriculum; Language
and construction of knowledge; Difference between language as a school-subject and language
as a means of learning and communication; Critical review of Medium of Instruction;
Multilingual classrooms; Multicultural awareness and language teaching.
- Constitutional Provisions and Policies of Language Education: Position of Languages in India;
Articles 343-351, 350A; Kothari Commission (1964-66); NPE-1986; POA-1992; National

Curriculum Framework-2005 (language education).
Activities
(i) Discussion of Position paper
on: - ‘Teaching of English’;
- ‘Teaching of Indian Languages’; and
- ‘Multilingualism as a Resource’.
(ii) Analysis of advertisements aired on Radio/Television on the basis of language and gender.
(iii) Take a few passages from Science, Social Science and Maths textbooks of Classes VI to VII
and analyse:
- How the different registers of language have been introduced?
- Does the language clearly convey the meaning of the topic being discussed?
- Is the language learner-friendly?
- Is the language too technical?
- Does it help in language learning?
(iv) Now write an analysis based on the above issues.
(v) Project
- Prepare a report on the status of languages given in the Constitution of India and language
policies given in Kothari Commission, NPE-1986, and POA-1992, Syllabus for Two-Year
Bachelor of Education.
- Visit five schools in the neighbourhood and prepare a report on the three language formula
being implemented in the schools.
- Teaching Practice
- Talk to the students and find out the different languages that they speak.
- Prepare a plan to use multilingualism as a strategy in the English classroom.
(vi) On the basis of the English Textbooks (VI to XII) prepare a list of Topics and activities
given on: (a) Language and Gender (b) Language and Peace. Write a report on their reflection in
the textbooks.
Unit - II: Position of English in India
- Role of English Language in the Indian Context: English as a colonial language, English in
Post-colonial times; English as a language of knowledge; Position of English as a second
language in India; English and Indian languages; English as a link language in global context;
challenges of teaching and learning English.
Activities
(i) Discuss in groups about how the role of English language has changed in the twenty-first
century.
(ii) Topic for Debate: Globalisation and English.
(iii) Discussion on the topic: ‘War Begins When Words Fail’.
(iv) Keeping in view the topics given in this unit, prepare a questionnaire.
(v) Interview ten people and write a report on ‘English Language in India’.
(vi) Project:
- Do a survey of five schools in your neighbourhood to find out:
(a) Level of Introduction of English
(b) Materials (textbooks) used in the classroom
- Prepare a report on the challenges faced by the teachers and the learners in the teaching
learning process
Unit - III: An Overview of Language Teaching
Different Approaches/Theories to Language Learning and Teaching (MT & SL): Philosophical,
social and psychological bases of approaches to Language acquisition and Language learning;
inductive and deductive approach; whole language approach; constructive approach;

multilingual
approach to language teaching (John Dewey, Bruner, J. Piaget, L. Vygotsky, Chomsky,
Krashen), and Indian thought on language teaching.
- A Critical Analysis of the Evaluation of Language Teaching Methodologies: Grammar cum
Translation Method, Direct Method, Structural-Situational Method, Bilingual Method,
Communicative Approach.
Activities
(i) Discussion on the topic: ‘Mother Tongue and Other Tongue’.
(ii) Project:
- Do a comparative study of positive features and weaknesses of different appproaches to
language learning.
(iii) Teaching Practice
(iv) Prepare four activities keeping in view ‘Constructivism in a Language Classroom’.
Unit - IV: Nature of Language
- Aspects of Linguistic Behaviour: Language as a rule-governed behaviour and linguistic
variability; Pronunciation- linguistic diversity, its impact on English, pedagogical implication;
Speech and writing.
- Linguistic System: The organisation of sounds; The structure of sentences; The concept of
Universal grammar; Nature and structure of meaning; Basic concept in phonology, morphology
syntax and semantics; Discourse.
Activities
- Have a discussion on the topic ‘Difference between Spoken and Written Language’.
Unit - V: Acquisition of Language Skills
- Grammar in context; vocabulary in context
- Acquisition of language skills: Listening, speaking, reading and writing.
- Listening and Speaking: Sub skills of listening: Tasks, Materials and resources for developing
the listening and speaking skills: Story-telling, dialogues, situational conversations, ole plays,
simulations, speech, games and contexts, language laboratories, pictures, authentic materials
and
multimedia resources.
- Reading: Sub skills of reading; Importance of understanding the development of reading skills;
Reading aloud and silent reading; Extensive and intensive reading; Study skills, including using
thesaurus, dictionary, encyclopedia, etc.
- Writing: Stages of writing; Process of writing; Formal and Informal writing, such as poetry,
short story, letter, diary, notices, articles, reports, dialogue, speech, advertisement, etc;
Reference
skills; Study skills; Higher order skills.
Activities
(i) Collect ten examples of Grammar in context from English Textbooks of Classes VI to VIII
and have a group discussion.
(ii) Teaching Practice
(iii) Prepare activities for listening, speaking, reading and writing. (5 Each)
(iv) Prepare three activities to develop the reading skills of Class VI students.
(v) Project
(vi) Keeping in view the needs of the children with special needs prepare two activities
forEnglish teachers.

B.ED. SYLLABUS (SEMESTER II)
CORE STUDY
PAPER - IV: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF EDUCATION
TOTAL MARKS: 80
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To enable the student-teacher to understand-
(i) the social diversity in the state and the class room and its implication for teaching;
(ii) and be able to use some key concepts relating to social stratification;
(iii) the nature of caste and changes occurring in it; to focus attention on the scheduled castes and
their education;
(iv) the problems faced b y the tribal communities and the issues in education of tribal children;
and
(v) how poverty affects schooling prospects of children with special reference to migrant
children.
Course Outline
Unit - I: Understanding Diversity in Indian Society with Special Reference to
Chhattisgarh
Diversity in Indian society, especially in Chhattisgarh, would be explored through case studies of
some villages, regions or cities. Profile of different communities in terms of their ecology,
economy, language, culture and educational status will be taken up for discussion. Special focus
will be on childhood in these communities and access to education. Student teachers will be
encouraged to look at this diversity as a potential pedagogic resource within the class room.
- Diversity in the class room. Getting to know the diverse socio-cultural and linguistic
background of fellow students. Getting to know about how they got themselves educated.
- Ethnographic profiling of some five communities of the state (for example- one tribal, one
scheduled caste, one artisanal community, one farming caste, one minority religious
community).
- Children at risk- educationally profiling communities of children who have not been integrated
well into schooling (non-enrolment, early dropout, low achievement).
- Profiling of the society of one’s own village or town in terms of communities, professional
groups, economic status, social respect, power, etc.
- How can a teacher use the social background of diverse students as a resource for teaching in
the class room?
Unit - II: Sociological Concepts Relating to Social Stratification
Some key sociological concepts like life opportunities, discrimination, exclusion, stratification,
etc. will be discussed to enable the student teachers to use them in different social contexts.
- Life opportunities, class, status and power: frameworks of Marx and Max Weber.
- Social discrimination, exclusion and exploitation.
- Social capital, cultural capital and economic capital- the approach of P Bourdieu.
- Equality of opportunities and capabilities- the approach of Amartya Sen.
Unit - III: Aims of Education
- Aims of Education in key policy and documents;
- Mudaliar commission report;
- Kothari commission report;
- Curriculum frame work, 1975,
- National policy on education, 1986;
- Curriculum frame work, 2000 and 2005;
- NCFTE 2009;
Unit - IV: Democracy and Education
- Meaning of the term “National Integration and Emotional Integration” its need, role of teacher
& educational institution in achieving national integration through democratic integration,
explanation of cultural heritage, contributions of different religions (Hinduism, Buddhism,
Sikhism, Islam, Christianity and Jainism) for the same cause and human upliftment, equal
communication, philosophy of celebration of Indian festivals.
- Sociological basis of education; Relationship between individual to individual and individual to
society, in terms of norms given by the existing social order; education as liberal utilitarian,
education as a tool of economic education, as an agent of social change, education as a means of
national welfare through the immediate welfare of the society, education and human resource
development.
- Meaning of a new social order, eradication of illiteracy, objectives of NAEP; provisions made
and channels started for educating socially, culturally and economically deprived; Means and
measures taken for equality of opportunities in terms of castes, tribes. Disabled, Gender and
Minorities.
Unit - V: The Current Concerns of Indian Education
Private Public Partnership (PPP); yet others relate to the status of teachers- casualization and
informalisation of teachers. Student teachers will be given an opportunity to study these concerns
and prospects through case studies and other academic literature.
(i) Professional ethics;
(ii) Impact of privatization and development of Human Resources in the institution.
Practicum
(i) Field based surveys of status of marginalised social groups like SC, ST, migrant workers,
rural and urban, poor, etc and their educational prospects.
(ii) Action research to understand the problems faced by children of marginalised communities
in schools of different kinds.
(iii) Action research to understand the implementation of government schemes for education of
the marginalised groups.
(iv) Surveys to study condition of different kinds of schools and teachers and other staff working
in them.
(v) Surveys to understand field realities relating to policy issues under discussion.
(vi) Role play and dramatization of issues relating to education of marginal groups.
-----***-----
PAPER - V: CURRICULUM AND KNOWLEDGE
TOTAL MARKS: 80
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To enable the teacher trainees to-
(i) understand the nature of curriculum and its relation to syllabi, text books and class room
practices;
(ii) understand the nature of knowledge, moral values and skills;
(iii) examine the place of work in education;
(iv) understand the implications of constructivism for education; and
(v) develop and apply a framework for studying curriculum documents.
Course Outline
Unit - I: Curriculum, Syllabi, Text books and Classroom
- What is a curriculum? Why do we need a curriculum?: Objectives behind framing/developing a
curriculum. Aims and curriculum; the relationship between the two. Relationship between these
two and pedagogy.
- Curriculum, syllabi and textbooks: What’s the relationship between these? What are its
implications for a teacher?
- The scope of curriculum: Knowledge, values, skill, dispositions, etc. Some general discussions
about each.
- The context/cultural embeddedness of curriculum: Curriculum as a mode of transmission of
culture and social norms. Diverse strands of culture and contestations and debates within them.
Problems involved in questions about cultural choices and their implications for curriculum.
Who defines culture? Who defines curriculum? (relate this to the discussion on negotiating
diversity in aims of education.
- Types of curriculum: Liberal curriculum which seeks to develop understanding and
perspectives, vocational curriculum which focuses on skills and is geared towards livelihood,
mixed curriculum.
Unit - II: Nature of Knowledge
- Introduction to discussions about knowledge: What is knowledge? Knowledge as human
endeavor: Curiosity, Practice and Dialogue. The nature of human curiosity, its limits; the
complex interaction between knowledge and social practice; knowledge being formed through
dialogues and shared with a larger community.
- Nature of disciplines/subjects and forms of inquiry in each.
- Sociology of knowledge: Privileging of certain kinds of knowledge through curriculum and its
impact upon unequal learning opportunities.
Unit - III: Moral Values
- Nature of value and morality: Values are what make people consider life worthwhile. Values
and morality involve choices which are arrived at by balancing diverse and often contradictory
values. Even so, the choice made by one person may be very different from that made by
another. Most educators agree that students need to engage seriously with the task of taking
moral decisions, they also agree that preaching a set of values is tantamount to indoctrination at
best or promoting hypocrisy at worst.
- Morality in a multi-cultural, multi-religious and democratic society: Different cultures/religions
have different value systems and preferences. Can any one of them become the basis of moral
education in schools? Can there be democratic norms of dialogue between different value
systems?
- Objectives of moral education: Is it to impart information about what is valuable or to train the
student how to take moral decisions or is it to instill in the student a desire to be a moral person?
Should investigation into why it is difficult to be moral be a part of curriculum?
Unit - IV: Curriculum and Productive Work
- Understanding work as a productive activity which aims at producing tangible goods or
services. Changing nature of work in recent times. Is ‘work’ incompatible with education?
- Gandhian notion of education through productive work and a review of experience of its actual
implementation. C an we substitute traditional crafts with modern industrial work? From
Gandhian notion to ‘Socially Useful Productive Work’ (SUPW).
- Vocational Education: Education as preparation for a particular field of employment vs liberal
education to prepare for adult life in general. Possibility of combining work skills of several
fields as a part of general education.
- The place of work in curriculum – its role in integrating knowledge, skill and values in real
lifelike contexts. The implication of its absence from curriculum.
Unit - V: Frameworks for Reviewing Curriculum Documents
- Visioning human beings and just society.
- Visioning the role of students and teachers.
- Visioning the nature of knowledge and learning, areas of study (subjects) and the objectives of
learning them.
- Visioning the role of assessment and evaluation in education.
Practicum
(i) Conduct a collaborative knowledge construction class in a school and prepare a report on its
basis. (some exemplar themes: ‘let us find out about what kind of food we all eat and enjoy.’ Or
‘what is the nature of our family lives?’ or ‘what is the difference between a fly and an ant?’ or
let us find out the rules for use of masculine and feminine gender in Hindi language.’)
(ii) Comparative study of various curriculum documents.
(iii) Prepare a report comparing national curriculum framework, the text books and class room
practices in the school in which the student teacher has been interned. To what extent does the
classroom practice carry out the curricular objectives or the objectives set out in the text books?
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PAPER - VI: ELECTIVE GROUP - I
TOTAL MARKS: 80
Note: Any one elective is to be chosen from the options given below:
(A) EDUCATIONAL AND MENTAL MEASUREMENT
(B) EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(C) EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT
One elective subject to be decided by considering the following:
1. All electives must be contributing for extra capability of delivering the goods.
2. All electives should have equal difficulty level.
3. All electives should be unique in native without being covered in any other area (of paper of
B.Ed.).
4. All electives should have full bearing over the latest developments of the contemporary world.
PAPER - VI: ELECTIVE GROUP – I VI (A)
EDUCATIONAL AND MENTAL MEASUREMENT
TOTAL MARKS: 80
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
(i) To acquaint the student teacher with the basic scientific concepts and practices in educational
and mental measurement;
(ii) To enable the student to tabulate and find out some standard meaning from the raw scores by
using statistical procedures;
(iii) To develop skills and competencies in the student teacher for the use of the techniques in the
field;
(iv) To enable the student teacher to interpret the result of educational measurement; and
(v) To enable the student understand a bout various educational and mental measurement tools.
Course Outline
Unit - I
- Concept of measurement: testing and evaluation.
- Scales of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales.
- Discrete and continuous variables.
- Qualities of a test: reliability, validity and usability of a test; item analysis, procedures and item
selection.
Unit - II
- Educational statistics: measures of central tendency from grouped and non-grouped data.
- Measures of variability: range, quartile deviation, standard deviation.
- Graphical representation of data.
Unit - III
- Techniques of test conduct.
- Importance of establishment of rapport with the students, arranging the seats and distribution of
questions for minimum pilguage and copying; techniques for avoiding guessing in answering;
objective scoring.
Unit - IV
- Interpreting measurement: normal probability curve, skewness and kurtosis;
- Percentiles and percentile ranks;
- Standard scores;
- Co-efficient of correlation by Spearman’s method and its interpretation.
Unit - V
- Achievement tests: construction of standardized achievement tests.
- Types of test items.
- Measurement of intelligence: Concept of intelligence, Binet test, concept of IQ.
- Individual and group tests of intelligence.
- Aptitudes and personality tests: use of aptitude tests- overview.
- Use of interest inventories.
- Assessment of personality: interview, self-report inventories, rating scale, projective
techniques. (Note - Some basic concepts and items covered, under compulsory core courses have
been dropped here to avoid repetition although these are relevant).
PRACTICUM
(i) Administration of a psychological test and interpretation of test results.
(ii) Determination of reliability or validity of any self-made test.
(iii) Construction of a test battery with at least five types of test items and trying out of the same
on a class/group of students.
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VI (B) EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
TOTAL MARKS: 80
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
(i) To obtain a total perspective of the role of technologies in modern educational practices;
(ii) To equip the student-teacher with his various technological applications available to him/her
for improving instructional practices;
(iii) To help the teacher to obtain a total gender of his role of scientific management in
education;
(iv) To provide the teacher the skills required for effective instructional and institutional
management; and
(v) To develop the professional skills required for guiding pupils in the three initial areas
educational, penal and victual.
Course Outline
Unit - I: Concept of Educational Technology
- Meaning
- Nature
- Scope
- Functions
- Need for educational technology in the schools of Chhattisgarh.
Unit - II: Communication Technology
- Concept
- Nature
- Process
- Principles
- Components
- Types
- Barriers
- Allied Skills R equired: Micro-Teaching and other skill based techniques.
Unit - III: System Approach
- Concept and characteristics.
- System approach, System Analysis, System Design.
Physical Resources of an instructional System
- Concept
- Classification (Project/Non Project/hardware/software):
Hardware: Chalkboard, Tape Recorder, Educational Radio, Educational Television, VCR, Instant
Slide Maker, OHP, Film Strip, Slide Projector, Epidiascope, Interactive Video, Computers,
Reprographic Equipment.
Software: Scripts (Audio & Video), Slides, Programs, Learning Materials, Film Strips,
Transparencies, News Paper, Text Books, Maps, etc.
Unit - IV: Innovations in Educational Technology
- Video Lessons and Talk Back, CAI;
- Language Laboratory;
- Tele-Conferencing;
- Tele-Text and Video Text;
- Telephone Conferencing;
- Computer Networking;
- Strategies: Tutorials, Seminar, Brain-Storming, Role-Play, Discussion, Conference, Workshop.
Unit - V: Human Resources of an Educational System & Management
- Identification of the Human Resources, resources within and outside the school system.
- Meaning of management in education.
- Managing curriculum; managing co-curriculum; managing school discipline; and managing
physical resources.
- Developing performance profiles of institutions.
Assignments
(i) Tutorial/Term paper/Symposium.
(ii) Developing Software - Transparencies/Slides/Scripts/Scenarios.
(iii) Workshop on handling hardware.
(iv) Preparation of low-cost/improvised material.
(v) Conducting a lesson - Using OHP/Slide projector or computer.

VI (C) EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT
TOTAL MARKS: 80
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
(i) To acquaint the student teachers with the concept and concerns of educational administration;
(ii) To develop an understanding of the role of headmaster and the teacher in school
management;
(iii) To enable the students to understand to concept of importance of communication and its
possible barriers in educational administration;
(iv) To enable the student teacher to critically analyse the administrative scenario in relation to
the functioning of the other secondary schools of the area.
(v) To acquaint the student teacher with the scientific practices of educational management and
keep him to apply it in work situation.
Course Outline
Unit - I
- Conceptual framework; Concept of educational administration.
- Concept of educational management; Human beings as inputs, process and products inputs.
- Nature, objectives and scope of educational administration.
Unit - II
- Role and functions of headmaster/teacher: Basic functions administration planning, organizing,
directing and controlling.
- Maintenance of discipline, control management.
- Co-ordination and growth, development.
- Supervision and inspection, defects in the present supervision and inspection.
- Scope of educational supervision.
- Types of supervision.
- Providing guidance; leadership function.
- Crisis in management.
- Decision making.
Unit - III
- Communication in Educational Administration; Role of communication in effective
management and administration.
- Methods of communication.
- Barriers of communication in educational administration.
- Overcoming barriers to communication and effective communication in educational
administration.
Unit - IV
- Management of Schools: Role of headmaster in planning of school activities, approaches to
management - manpower approach, cost benefit approach, social demand approach, social justice
approach.
- Involvement of other functionaries and agencies in the preparation of a plan.
- Delegation of authority and accountability.
- Role of the headmaster in monitoring, supervision and evaluation.
- Role of the headmaster in motivating the staff, in resolution of interpersonal conflicts.
- Role of the headmaster in creating resources and managing financial matters.
- Optimum use of available resources for growth and development of the school.
- Staff development programmes.
- Role of teachers in school management and administration.
Unit - V
- Educational administration in the state: The administrative structure in the field of education in
the state.
- Control of school education in the state - a critical analysis.
- Functions of the state government in relation to secondary and higher secondary schools.
- Functions of the board of secondary education in controlling secondary schools.
- Problems of secondary school administration in government schools.
- The student-teacher is expected to conduct a study on any issue or problem relating to a school
administration. The report should be in about 700 words.
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PAPER - VII: ARTS EDUCATION
TOTAL MARKS: 80
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
(i) To work together on small and large projects;
(ii) To encourage students to free expression and creativity;
(iii) To acquaint students with basic elements of design;
(iv) To develop an insight towards sensibility and aesthetic appreciation;
(v) Joyful experience; and
(vi) To develop a perspective of artistic and creative expression.
Course Outline
Unit - I: Art Appreciation/Brief History of Indian Art
- Sculptures: Any 2 Sculptures of every period giving brief introduction;
- Indus Valley (They must have read in this till 8th standard);
- Mauryan Period;
- Gupta Period;
- Folk Art;
- Modern/Contemporary Art.
- Paintings:
- Ajanta and the Mural Traditions;
- Miniature Paintings;
- Contemporary Paintings;
- Folk Art.
Unit - II: Visual Arts
- History of visual arts.
- The concept and meaning of visual arts.
- 2D Art, Methods and Techniques: Drawing, Painting, Still life, Printing, Life Drawing,
Composition, Collage, Wall Painting, Posters, Alpana/Rangoli/Mandra/Folk Art Forms etc.
- Tribal Computer Graphics: Animations.
- 3D Art, Methods and Techniques: Relief Work, Clay Modelling, Hand Pottery, Molding,
Sculpture, Terracotta construction with mixed materials.
- 3D animation; Folk/Tribal Art.
Unit - III: Theatre
- Sense of theoretical/dramatic self:
- Factors of Drama: The plot, structure, characters, available material, performance
space, performance etc.
- Street plays: script writing, song writing, clowning, cartooning.
- Issues of identity, gender, relationships, social status.
- The roots of theatre: Ritual, Festival/Celebration, Myth, Primitive Man, Language
Development.
- Modern Indian Drama: Major plays and Playwrights.
Unit - IV: Music and Dance
- Laya and Swara: Basic concepts of rhythm and note.
- Sangeet: Gayan, vadan and nritya in the context of locally known songs and dances commonly
performed.
- Musical Instruments: Categorization.
- Music of different geographical areas such as the desert, mountains, jungles and river-belt.
- The term ‘Nritya’ or ‘Naach’:
- Movement of different parts of the body
- Expression
- Literature
- Percussion instruments
- Any two regional dances
- Description of the region
- Dialect
- Costumes
- Music
- Tal
Discussions on –
(i) Rajasthani F olk Dance (ref. Tarang list CIET)
(ii) Himachal Pradesh Ke Lok Nritya (ref. Tarang List CIET)
(iii) Hamare Vadya Yantra Series
(ref. Tarana List CIET)
(iv) Community Singing
(ref. Tarang List CIET)
(v) Song of Unity (KSSP)
(vi) Rajasthan Folk
Langas and Manganiars
(vii) Best of Carnatic
Various Instrumental
(viii) Classical Dances of India Series
Unit - V: Heritage Crafts
- Introduction to the crafts traditions of India, details about the different crafts, their
classifications, regional distribution etc. Each of these topics will incorporate aspects such as the
Philosophy and aesthetics, Materials, processes and techniques, Environment and resource
management, Social structures, Economy and marketing.
- Clay, Stone work, Metal crafts, jewelry, natural fiber weaving and textile weaving.
-----***-----
B.ED. SYLLABUS (SEMESTER III)

PAPER - VIII: PEDAGOGICAL STUDIES (PART II)
PEDAGOGY OF MATHEMATICS (PART II)
TOTAL MARKS: 80
Course Outline (Part II)
Unit - VI: Planning for Teaching-Learning Mathematics
Organisation of concepts for teaching-learning of Mathematics. Stating instructional objectives,
identifying learning experiences, appropriate strategies, teaching aids (Using low-cost
materialpreparation
of various activities, such as verification of algebraic identities, surface areas and
volumes of cube, cuboids, cylinder, cone, sphere, conic sections, etc.); ICT applications;
Evaluation tools and learners participation in developing instructional materials, etc.
Unit - VII: Learning Resources in Mathematics
Textbooks, audio-visual multimedia- Selection and designing; Using community resources for
Mathematics learning, pooling of learning resources in school complex/block/district level,
handling hurdles in utilizing resources.
Unit - VIII: Assessment and Evaluation
Informal Creative Evaluation: Encouraging learner to examine a variety of methods of
assessment in mathematics so as to assess creativity, problem-solving and
experimentation/activity performance; Appreciating evaluation through overall performance of
the child; Self and peer evaluation.
Formal Ways of Evaluation: Variety of assessment techniques and practices assessing Product vs
Process, Knowing vs Doing in practice of midterm/terminal examination, practising continuous
and comprehensive evaluation to test regular programmes/achievements of learner.
Assessment Framework: Identifying and organising components for developing framework of
question paper at different stages of learning; Framing questions based on concepts and sub
concepts so as to encourage critical thinking, promote logical reasoning and to discourage
mechanical manipulation and rote learning; Framing of open-ended questions providing the
scope to learners to give responses in their own words; Framing of conceptual questions from
simple questions.
Unit - IX: Mathematics for All
Identifying learners’ strength and weaknesses; Activities enriching mathematics learningassisting
learning, supplementary text material, summer programmes, correspondence course,
mathematics club, contests and fairs, designing Mathematics laboratory and its effective use,
recreational activities- games, puzzles and riddles in Mathematics, cooperative learning ensuring
equal partnership of learners with special needs, stimulating creativity and inventiveness in
Mathematics.
Unit - X: Professional Development of Mathematics Teachers
Types of in-service programme for Mathematics teachers; Role of mathematics teachers’
association; Journals and other resource materials in mathematics education; Professional
growth- participation in conferences/seminars/workshops.
NOTE: Refer to the suggested readings that have been given at the end of Paper III:
Pedagogy of Mathematics (Part I) in B.Ed. Syllabus (Semester I).
-----***-----
PEDAGOGY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE (PART II)
TOTAL MARKS: 80
Unit - VI: Planning for Teaching-Learning of Biological Science
Identification and organisation of concepts for teaching-learning of Biology; Determining
acceptable evidences that show learners’ understanding; Instructional materials required for
planning teaching-learning of Biological Science and learners' participation in developing them;
Identifying and designing teaching-learning experiences; Planning and organizing- field visits,
field observation and preparation of field diary, Zoo, Sea shore life, Botanical garden, etc.;
Organising activities, laboratory experiences, making groups, planning ICT applications in
learning Biology and its use in Biological Science.
Unit - VII: Learning Resources in Biological Science
Identification and use of learning resources in Biological Science from immediate
environmental, exploring alternative sources; Developing Science kit and Biological Science
laboratory; Designing Biology laboratory; Collection of materials, etc.; Textbooks, audio-visual
materials, multimedia-selection and designing; Using community resources for Biology learning;
Pooling of learning resources in school complex/block/ district level; Handling hurdles in
utilisation of resources.
Unit - VIII: Tools and Techniques of Assessment for Learning Biological Science
Performance-based assessment; Developing indicators for performance assessment in biological
sciences; Learners’ record of observations- Field diary, herbarium and collection of materials;
Oral presentation of learners work in Biological Science, Portfolio; Assessment of project work
in Biology (both in the laboratory and in the field), Assessment of participation in collaborative
learning; Construction of test items (open-ended and structured) in Biological Science and
administration of tests; Developing assessment framework in Biological Science; Assessment of
experimental work in Biological Science; Exploring content areas in Biological Science not
assessed in formal examination system and their evaluation through various curricular channels;
Encouraging teacher-learners to examine a variety of methods of assessments in Biological
Science; Continuous and comprehensive evaluation.
Unit - IX: Biological Science- Lifelong Learning
Nurturing natural curiosity of observation and drawing conclusion; Facilitating learning progress
of learners with various needs in Biology; Ensuring equal partnership of learners with special
needs; Stimulating creativity and inventiveness in Biology; Organising various curricular
activities, such as debate, discussion, drama, poster making on issues related to Science/Biology;
Organising events on specific day, such as Earth Day, Environment Day, etc.; Planning and
organizing- Science club, Science exhibition; Nurturing creative talent at local level and
exploring linkage with district/state/central agencies.
Unit - X: Professional Development of Biology Teacher
Professional development programmes for Science/Biology teachers; Participation in seminar,
conferences, online sharing membership of professional organisation; Teachers as a community
of learners; Collaboration of school with colleges, universities and other institutions; Journals
and other resource materials in biology education; Role of reflective practices in professional
development of Biology teachers; Visit to science park, science centre, National Laboratories
etc.; Teacher as a researcher: Learning to understand how children learn science action research
in Biological Science.
Pedagogy of Biological Science (Part I) in B.Ed. Syllabus (Semester I).
-----***-----
PEDAGOGY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE (PART II)
TOTAL MARKS: 80
Unit - VI: Learning Resources in Physical Science
Identification and use of learning resources in Physical Science from immediate environment
(e.g. Natural pH Indicators, Soaps and Detergents, Baking Soda, Washing Soda, Common Salts,
Fruits, Fiber, Pulleys, Projectiles, Lenses and Mirrors, Inter-conversion of one form of energy to
other, Propagation of waves in Solid, Liquid and Gas etc.), exploring alternative sources;
Improvisation of apparatus developing Science kit and laboratory in Science (secondary stage),
Physics and Chemistry (higher secondary stage); Designing laboratories, textbooks, audio-visual
materials; Multimedia–selection and designing; Use of ICT experiences in learning
Science/Physics and Chemistry; Using community resources for learning Science/Physics and
Chemistry; Pooling of learning resources in school complex/block/district level, handling hurdles
in utilisation of resources.
Unit - VII: Tools and Techniques of Assessment for Learning Physical Science
Performance-based assessment, developing indicators for performance-based assessment in
Science/Physical Science, learners' records of observations, field diary; Oral presentation of
learners work, Portfolio; Assessment of project work in Science/Physical Science; Assessment of
participation in collaborative learning; Construction of test items in Science/Physical Science
and administration of tests; Developing assessment framework in Science/Physics and
Chemistry; Assessment of experimental work in Science/Physics and Chemistry; Exploring
content areas in Physical Science not assessed in formal examination system and their evaluation
through various curricular channels; Encouraging teacher-learners to examine variety of methods
of assessments in Science/Physical Science; Continuous and comprehensive evaluation–
appreciating evaluation as ongoing teaching-learning process and through overall performance of
child.
Unit - VIII: Planning for Teaching-Learning of Physical Science
Identification and organisation of concepts for teaching-learning of Science/Physics and
Chemistry (on different topics, such as Motion, Work and Energy, Matter and their
Measurements, Carbon and its Compounds, Periodic Properties of Elements, Atomic Structure,
dual nature of Matter and Radiation, etc. & developing them); Identifying and designing
teaching-learning experiences; Organising activities, laboratory experiences, making groups;
Planning ICT applications in learning Science/Physics and Chemistry.
Unit - IX: Physical Science- Lifelong Learning
Every child has natural curiosity of observation and drawing conclusion; Identification and
application of physical and chemical phenomenon in day-to-day life and human welfare,
facilitating learning progress of learners with various needs in Science/Physics and Chemistry;
Ensuring equal partnership of learners with special needs; Stimulating creativity and
inventiveness in Science; Organising various curricular activities, such as debate, discussion,
drama, poster making on issues related to Science/Physics and Chemistry; Organising events on
specific day, such as Science Day, Environment Day, etc.; Planning and organising field
experiences , Science club, Science exhibition, nurturing creative talent at local level and
exploring linkage with district/state/central agencies.
Unit - X: Professional Development of Science/Physics/Chemistry Teachers
Professional development programmes for Science/Physics and Chemistry teachers; Participation
in seminar, conferences, online sharing, membership of professional organisations; Teachers as a
community of learners, collaboration of schools with universities; Journals and other resource
materials in Science/Physical Science education; Role of reflective practices in professional
development of Physics and Chemistry teachers; Field visit to industries, mines, refineries;
National Laboratories, power stations, Science centres, etc.; Teacher as a researcher: Learning to
understand how children learn Science- action research in Physical Science.
Pedagogy of Physical Science (Part I) in B.Ed. Syllabus (Semester I).
-----***-----
PEDAGOGY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE (PART II)
TOTAL MARKS: 80
Unit - VI: Teaching-Learning of History
Continuity and Change over Time and Historical Construction. This Unit seeks to introduce
student-teachers to some of the seminal issues and concepts of social change in Indian and World
History. It also aims to explain how historians do History and how it ought to be done in schools.
It, therefore, focuses on constructivist pedagogy in History and the general competencies that
children are likely to develop through the study of History.
- Historical Methods, evidence, facts, arguments, categories and perspective; Distinctions
between fact and opinion and between opinion, bias and perspective; Evidence-based History
teaching; Primary sources and the construction of History; Thinking in terms of problems for
analysis in History. Social Formations in History: Different social formations in History and the
periodisation of World History; The periodisation of Indian History: Ancient, medieval, modern
and contemporary societies, State-formation and different types of states in History- Capitalism,
Select Issues of Social Change in Indian History Culture, social stratification and social change
in India; Caste and class in Indian society; Shared religious cultures and conflicts between
religious communities in India; Gender differentials and how these cut across caste and class
structures as well as religious communities. (Case Study: India)
The above content may be used to understand the teaching, learning strategies and skill
development in History.
- Interactive, constructivist and critical pedagogies in History; Going beyond the textbook;
Getting children to craft little nuggets of History from primary sources; Encouraging children to
think from first principle in History.
- The Lateral Development of Different Skills: Observation of skills related to primary and
secondary data; Observing coins, inscriptions (if available), the material remains of the past and
visuals; Helping children to read passages from primary sources; Thinking about what all these
sources might or might not reveal; Learning to analyse critically and to argue; Observing how
arguments have been made in the standard secondary sources and how these muster facts and
evidences; Helping children to develop oral and written expression.
Unit - VII: Teaching-Learning of Political Science Democracy, Development, and Diversity
The Unit on Political Science deals with the broad themes of democracy, development, and
diversity. These three interrelated themes are concerned with political, economic, and social
aspects of our everyday life. The contents in this unit contain key political concepts and issues.
While explaining them, teachers are expected to refer to both historical and current events,
processes and personalities from India and different parts of the world. They are also expected to
make references to key concepts in the disciplines of Sociology, Economics, and Geography, so
as to highlight the interrelationship between Political Science and these disciplines.
- What is Politics?
- Political Science: Nature and scope, key concepts, current trends Elements of State: Population,
Territory, Government, and Sovereignty.
- Forms of Government: Democratic (liberal and social), non-democratic, rule of law, authority,
power, legitimacy, civil society, citizenship, rights, separation of powers; Organs of government:
legislature, executive, and judiciary.
- Constitutional Vision for a Democratic India: The making of the Constitution of India; Justice
(with special reference to social justice and empowerment), liberty, equality, dignity, socialism,
secularism; Relationship between State and Religion: Western and Indian Versions.
- Fundamental Rights (Prohibition of discrimination; Rights of dalits, tribes, minorities
[Religious/Linguistic], Women and Children, the Disabled).
- Directive Principles of State Policy (with special reference to welfare of the people).
Fundamental Duties.
- The Working of the Government: Structures and Functions of the Government at different
levels Union, State/UT, District and Local Bodies (Panchayats and Municipalities); Relationship
among the three organs of the government, relationship between the three levels of the
government, democratic decentralisation, citizen participation.
- Society and Political Processes, Elections, political parties, pressure groups.
- Social movements: Dalit movement, tribal movement, women's movement, environmental
movement; Role of media, role of NGOs, RTI.
The above content may be used to understand the teaching-learning strategies and skill
development in Political Science.
- Teaching-learning Strategies: The teaching-learning process needs to take into account the live
experiences of student-teachers. The issues in this Unit can be introduced by referring to the
relevant items from daily newspapers (e.g. instances of violation and protection of human rights).
The contents are to be transacted thr ough participatory methods involving all participants.
‘Learning by discussing’ is to be followed as a regular practice in the classroom.
- Social inquiry approaches can be used in teaching-learning of Political Science. The
studentteachers
may be encouraged to observe actual functioning of the institutions of different local
Government bodies in own district and prepare reports as group projects. They may also be
encouraged to undertake field research, conduct in-depth interviews, and interpret field data and
critically understand political concepts.
- Teaching-learning Materials: Constitution of India, atlas, political maps (World, Asia, India,
States, Districts), globe, two daily newspapers, news magazines.
Unit - VIII: Assessment f or Learning in Social Sciences
- Characteristics of Assessment in Social Sciences: Types of questions best suited for
examining/assessing/understanding the different aspect of Social Sciences; Questions for testing
quantitative skills, Questions for testing qualitative analysis; Open-ended questions.
- Open-book tests: Strengths and limitations, Evaluating answers: What to look for?, Assessing
projects: What to look for?; Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) in Social
Sciences.
Unit - IX: Analysis of Social Sciences’ Textbooks and Question Papers
- Analysing textbooks in Social Sciences in the light of the syllabus and from the perspective of
the child (Textbooks of the same class may be taken up for all subjects in Social Sciences).
- Analysing question papers of any State Board/CBSE and NCERT's textbooks in the light of the
subject specific requirements in terms of understanding and skills.
Unit - X: Inter-Disciplinarity through Projects and Field Visits
Projects in Social Sciences should be selected keeping in view the interconnections between the
various disciplines that constitute Social Sciences. The interrelationship among various aspects
of Social Sciences may be visualised as follows:
- Geography and Economics: Transport and communication in a region- assessing current
position with reference to development needs.
- History and Political Science: Socio-political systems; Women's rights in society.
- Economics and History: Agrarian change in India; Industrialisation in India.
- History and Geography: Migration of people in a particular region- nature of migration, past
and present trends.
- Political Science and Geography: Sharing resources between regions/states and nations (e.g.
water).
- Economics and Political Science: Family budget and impact of change in prices of essential
commodities.
These projects are just a few examples. Similar projects may be designed by student-teachers for
better understanding of various issues.
Pedagogy of Social Sciences (Part I) in B.Ed. Syllabus (Semester I).
-----***-----
(SEMESTER III)
PEDAGOGY OF LANGUAGE (ENGLISH) (PART II)
TOTAL MARKS: 80
Unit - VI: Language, Literature and Aesthetics- I
- Different Creative forms of English Language: Understanding different forms of literature.
- Literature in the school curriculum: Needs, objectives and relevance; Role and relevance of
media in school curriculum.
-Translation: Importance and need, Translation as a creative activity, through examples of
translated texts into English from different Indian languages.
Activities
(i) Take three editorial pieces on the same topic from different newspapers. Have a discussion on
their language and presentation.
(ii) Take two translations of any piece of creative writing. Read these pieces and then translate
the piece yourself.
(iii) Take any creative writing related to history, e.g. Discovery of India and prepare a flow chart
on the main events.
(iv) Review any story and have a discussion in groups.
(v) Take any piece on Geography and prepare a teaching strategy for teaching any Geographical
phenomena, e.g. climate change, water.
(vi) Teaching Practice
(vii) Take any topic of your choice and write about it in any form of creative writing.
Unit - VII: Language, Literature and Aesthetics–II
Teaching of Different Forms of English Literature: Poetry, Prose, Drama; The relative
importance of Indian, classical, popular, and children’s literature in English; Developing tasks
and materials for study skills in English literary forms; The study of contemporary Indian, Asian,
European and African literature; Lessons planning in prose, poetry and drama at various school
levels.
Activities
(i) Review any two stories of your choice.
(ii) Interview any local artist/poet/writer
(iii) Collect Indian folktales in English (translated) for your portfolio.
(iv) Prepare a newsletter on the basis of your school experience programme (hand written).
(v) Teaching Practice
(vi) Take any creative writing, e.g. a poem or a story and develop teaching strategies to teach:
(a) same pieces for different stages; (b) understanding any creative piece at different levels; and
(c) teaching the same piece to children with special needs.
Action Research
(i) Identify and list language (English) related errors common among students.
(ii) Prepare a list of idioms, proverb in English.
(iii) Teaching any creative piece in the classroom on the basis of: (a) level of the students, and
(b) perspective.
(iv) Prepare an outline for action research on the basis of your experience of the difficulties faced
during school experience programme.
Unit - VIII: Development and Analysis of Syllabus and Textual Materials
Understanding the relationship between curriculum, syllabus and textbook; Selection of
materials; Development of activities and tasks; Connecting learning to the world outside;
Moving away from rote-learning to constructivism; Teacher as a researcher. (Develop
meaningful strategies keeping in view the needs of the learners.)
Activities
(i) Do a comparative study of one textbook of English from any class (VI to VIII) developed by
any two states.
(ii) Prepare an outline for the development of the textbook for the same class for your state.
(iii) Project: Prepare a collection of poems and stories of your choice.
Unit - IX: Teaching-Learning Materials and Aids
Print media; Other reading materials- such as learner chosen texts, magazines, news papers, class
libraries, etc.; ICT– audio-visual aids including CALL programmes; Radio, T.V., Films;
Planning co-curricular activities (discussion, debates, workshops, seminar etc.); Language labs,
etc.
Activities
(i) Prepare a list of audio-visual aids related to teaching of English and use them wherever
necessary.
(ii) Identify and prepare different types of teaching aids for children with special needs (speech
impaired).
(iii) Organise a workshop/seminar/conference on the topic ‘Language of Children’ or any other
related topic.
(iv) Project:
- Prepare an outline for a school magazine Development.
- The material for the school magazine should be based on your experiences attained during
school experience practice (Handwritten).
(v) Review contemporary children’s literature.
(vi) Review any two magazines for women.
Unit - X:Assessment- Its Role and Importance
- Progress and assessment of development of language; Continuous and comprehensive
evaluation; Techniques of evaluation- oral, written, portfolio; Cloze test, self evaluation; Peer
evaluation; Group evaluation.
- Typology of questions; Activities and tasks (open-ended questions, MCQs, true and false etc.)
reflecting- Problem solving, creative and critical thinking, enhancing imagination and
environmental awareness.
- Feedback to students, parents and teachers.
Activities
(i) Write a report on current practices of assessment and evaluation at the Upper Primary Stage.
(ii) Analyse the question papers of English language (Previous-3 Years)- Classes X and XII (any
board) in the light of new approach of assessment.
(iii) Develop a question paper for upper primary and secondary stage to assess all the aspects of
language learning.
(iv) Analyse answers given by the learners for one particular question.
(v) Select any ten questions from the Class VI English textbook which lend scope to the
creativity of the learners.
(vi) Study the key points of the 1st Term assessment of any student of Class VI.
(vii) Devise a strategy to incorporate the suggestions given in the 1st CCE report for the progress
of the learner.
Note: Project Work, Students-Teachers’ Portfolio, Activities, Presentations, Workshops and
Educational tours to be carried out during both the years. (Some activities have been given in
each Unit as examples. Such other activities may be developed as per the need. Every student has
to prepare his/her own portfolio and four projects are compulsory for each year.)
Pedagogy of Language (English) (Part I) in B.Ed. Syllabus (Semester I).
-----***-----
PAPER - IX: ASSESSMENT IN LEARNING
TOTAL MARKS: 80
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
After completion of course the students will be able to-
(i) gain a critical understanding of issues in assessment and evaluation (from a constructivist
paradigm) become cognizant of key concepts, such as formative and summative assessment,
evaluation and measurement, test, examination;
(ii) be exposed to different kinds and forms of assessment that aid student learning;
(iii) become the use of a wide range of assessment tools, and learn to select and construct these
appropriately; and
(iv) evolve realistic, comprehensive and dynamic assessment procedures that are able to keep the
whole student in view.
Course Outline
Unit - I: Overview of Assessment and Evaluation
- Perspective on assessment and evaluation of learning in a constructivist paradigm.
- Distinction between 'Assessment of Learning' and 'Assessment for Learning'.
- Purposes of assessment in a 'constructivist' paradigm:
(i) To engage with learners' minds in order to further learn in various dimensions.
(ii) To promote development in cognitive, social and emotional aspects.
- Critical review of current evaluation practices and their assumptions about learning and
development.
- Clarifying the terms:
(i) Assessment, evaluation, test, examination, measurement
(ii) Formative and summative evaluation
(iii) Continuous and comprehensive assessment
(iv) Grading
Unit - II: What is to be Assessed?
- Dimensions and levels of learning;
- Retention/recall of facts and concepts; Application of specific skills;
- Manipulating tools and symbols; Problem-solving; applying learning to diverse situations;
- Meaning-making propensity; Abstraction of ideas from experiences; Seeing links and
relationships; Inference; Analysis; Reflection;
- Originality and initiative; Collaborative participation; Creativity; Flexibility;
- Contexts of assessment: Subject-related, Person-related;
Unit - III: Assessment of Subject-Based Learning
- Enlarging notions of 'Subject-based Learning' in a constructivist perspective;
- Assessment tools;
- Kinds of tasks: projects, assignments, performances;
- Kinds of tests and their constructions;
- Observation of learning processes by self, by peers, by teachers;
- Self-assessment and peer-assessment;
- Constructing portfolios; Quantitative and qualitative aspects of assessment: Appropriate tools
for each.
Unit - IV: Teacher Competencies in Evolving Appropriate Assessment Tools
- Visualising appropriate assessment tools for specific contexts, content, and student;
- Formulating tasks and questions that engage the learner and demonstrate the process of
thinking; Scope for original responses;
- Evolving suitable criteria for assessment;
- Organising and planning for student portfolios and developing rubrics for portfolio assessment;
- Using assessment feedback for furthering learning.
Unit - V: Data Analysis, Feedback and Reporting
- Feedback as an essential component of formative assessment;
- Use of assessment for feedback: For taking pedagogic decisions; Types of teacher feedback
(written comments, oral); Peer feedback;
- Place of marks, grades and qualitative descriptions;
- Developing and maintaining a comprehensive learner profile;
- Purposes of reporting: To communicate progress and profile of learner; Basis for further
pedagogic decisions; Reporting a consolidated learner profile.
B.ED. SYLLABUS (SEMESTER IV)

CONTEMPORARY STUDIES
PAPER - X: GENDER, SCHOOL AND SOCIETY
TOTAL MARKS: 80
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
(i) Understanding the role of culture (apart from biology) as determinants of gender distinction in
social living;
(ii) Awareness of factors that shape gendered roles in Indian society;
(iii) Understand the problems of girl child education in our society;
(iv) Developing a critical perspective on gender-based discrimination and its effects;
(v) To provide an introduction to and the development of an understanding of feminist
approaches to the social and cultural construction of gender;
(vi) To develop a critical understanding of intersectionality, including an awareness of gender
and its complex intersections with other social and cultural categories, including but not limited
to caste, tribe, class, sexuality and ability; and
(vii) To equip the teacher with the ability to create more meaningful and gender just experiences
for her students.
Course Outline
Unit - I: Gender: Key Concepts- Social Construction of Gender
- Examining one’s own growing up as a boy or a girl.
- Gender, sex, sexuality, patriarchy, masculinity and feminism.
- Gender bias, gender roles and stereotyping, and its consequences.
- Gender and other forms of inequality in relation with (caste, class, ethnicity, disability etc).
- Female sex ratio and child sex ratio.
Unit - II: Gender and Schooling
- Schooling of girls (literacy rate, dropout rate, completion rate, etc.) and reasons why girls are
not able to complete schooling.
- Why do girls feel uncomfortable in schools?
- Can schools be different so that more girls can be educated?
- Gender bi as in curriculum, textbooks, analysis of hidden curriculum.
- Critical examination of school and classroom processes- challenging gender biases and
stereotypes.
- Understanding relationships within the school- child-child, teacher-child and teacher-peer
group relationships from the perspective of gender.
- Feminization of teaching profession.
Unit - III: Gender and Sexuality
- Understanding sexuality (sexual orientation and sexual identity- third gender) and the
relationship between power and sexuality.
- Violence against women- empirical examples of the graded violence against women, the impact
of conflict and violence on the lives of women, efforts to deal with the issue of violence against
women.
- Legal (sexual and reproductive) rights of women.
Unit - IV: Psychological and Sociological Perspectives
- Radical Feminist;
- Socialist-Feminist;
- Psychoanalytical and other perspectives;
- Recent debates.
Unit - V: Strategies for Change
- Policy and management.
- In the school.
- Women’s action groups.
- Mass media.
Suggested themes for transaction of the content (Group discussions and review of case
studies etc.)
(i) Telling our own ‘gendered’ stories.
(ii) En-culturing ‘gendered’ roles in upbringing within different kinds of families- case studies.
(iii) Gender issues in school education- case studies.
(iv) Gender issues manifest in contemporary public spaces- case studies.
(v) Responding to various forms of gender discrimination.
-----***-----
PAPER - XI: LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY (ENGLISH LANGUAGE)
TOTAL MARKS: 50
Course Outline
Unit - I: Nature of Language (Weightage - 2 questions 5 marks each)
- What is Language?
- Nature of English Language.
- Need and Importance of English language.
Unit - II: Utility of Language (Weightage - 5 Questions 3 marks each)
- Translation: Rules of translation;
- Precis writing;
- Letter writing: formal & informal letters;
- Comprehension;
- Report writing.
Unit - III: Grammar (Weightage- 25 Questions 1 marks each)
- Articles (Definite & Indefinite);
- Tenses (Present, Past, Future);
- Parts of Speech;
- Antonyms, Synonyms;
- Modals.
-----***-----
PAPER - XII: ELECTIVE GROUP - II
TOTAL MARKS: 80
Note: Any one elective is to be chosen from the options given below:
(D) COMPUTER EDUCATION
(E) INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
(F) TEACHING OF VALUES
PAPER - XII: ELECTIVE GROUP - II XII (D)
COMPUTER EDUCATION
TOTAL MARKS: 80
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To enable the teacher-trainees:
(i) To appreciate the role of computer education in the context of modern technological society;
(ii) To develop understanding of computers and their application in education;
(iii) To acquire sufficient knowledge of handling computers with a view to impart computers
independently at school level;
(iv) To use computer based learning packages and organize effective classroom instructions;
(v) To acquire necessary skills in using of modern word processing software; and
(vi) To develop skills of creating and managing simple databases and handling of computers.
Course Outline
Unit - I
- Importance of information technology.
- Classification of computers by technology, type and size.
- Uses and scope of computers.
- Fundamentals of computers.
- Input/output devices;
- Central processing unit storage devices;
- Operating systems;
- Application software.
Unit - II
- Files and folders;
- Use of pointing devices;
- Cut and paste;
- Shortcuts to applications;
- Use and exploring the contents of storage devices- floppy disk, drives, hard discs, CD ROM
etc.
- Running applications and exiting applications.
Unit - III
Modern word processing applications:
- Importance of word processing in education.
- Characteristics of modern word processing applications.
- Toolbars and menu.
- Text and objects.
- Text entry- Running text and paragraphs.
- Formatting text- Bold, Italics, Centre and right, justification, changing font and font size,
bullets and numbering.
- Editing text- select text, find and replace, cut, copy and paste.
- Editing document- Applying styles, spell check, headers and footers, footnotes, pagination,
subscript and superscript.
- Insertion of objects, pictures, symbols, fields, page breaks and section.
- Page setup- Margins, paper size, and layout, printing and saving documents.
Unit - IV
Modern data base management applications:
- Importance of data base management in education.
- Characteristics of modern data base management applications.
- Concept of relational data base management system.
- Fields name, Type, Width.
- Databases;
- Forms;
- Reports.
Unit - V
Computers for joyful learning:
- Need for joyful learning.
- Computers as an aid for joyful learning.
- Computer games.
- Multimedia capabilities of modern desk top computers.
- Internet- Importance and need.
- Use of interactive and educational software.
Assignments
- Write an essay on any topic using word-processing software. Document must include at least
three of the following characteristics.
- Pagination;
- Header;
- Two different paragraph styles;
- Two different fonts;
- A picture object;
- Bullets and numbering;
- Subscript and super script;
- Symbols or special characters.
- Use relational database management software for any one of the following activities:
- Developing question bank
- Developing a data base for either students or staff including various fields like
name, date of birth, date of joining, admission, salary/grade obtained etc.
- Automated printing of salary statement/GPF deduction statement or any other
administrative activity.
-----***-----
PAPER - XII: ELECTIVE GROUP - II XII (E)

INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
TOTAL MARKS: 80
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The students will be able to-
(i) demonstrate knowledge of different perspectives in the area of education of children with
disabilities;
(ii) reformulate attitudes towards children with special needs;
(iii) identify needs of children with diversities;
(iv) plan need-based programmes for all children with varied abilities in the classroom;
(v) use human and material resources in the classroom;
(vi) use specific strategies involving skills in teaching special needs children in inclusive
classrooms;
(vii) modify appropriate learner-friendly evaluation procedures;
(viii) incorporate innovative practices to respond to education of children with special needs;
(ix) contribute to the formulation of policy; and
(x) implement laws pertaining to education of children with special needs.
Course Outline
Unit - I: Paradigms in Education of Children with Special Needs
- Historical perspectives and contemporary trends.
- Approaches of viewing disabilities: The charity model, the bio centric model, the functional
model and the human rights model.
- Concept of special education, integrated education and inclusive education; Philosophy of
inclusive education.
Unit - II: Legal and Policy Perspectives
-Important International Declarations/Conventions/Proclamations: Biwako Millennium
Framework (BMF, 1993-2012); Recommendations of the Salamanca Statement and Framework
of Action, 1994; Educational Provisions in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities (UNCRPD), 2006;
- Constitutional Provisions; The Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of
Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995 (PWD Act); The Rehabilitation Council of India Act,
1992 (RCI Act); and The National Trust for Welfare of Persons with Autism, Cerebral Palsy,
Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities Act, 1999; RTE Act, 2009.
- National Policy- Education of Students with Disabilities in the National Policy on Education,
1968, 1986, POA (1992); Education in the National Policy on Disability, 2006.
- Programmes and Schemes of Education of Children with Disabilities:
- Centrally Sponsored Scheme for Integrated Education for the Disabled Children (IEDC), 1974;
PIED (1986) and District Primary Education Programme (DPEP); Scheme for Inclusive
Education for the Disabled Children (IEDC, 2000), Education of Special Focus Groups under the
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA, 2000); Goals and Strategies in the Comprehensive Action Plan for
Including Children and Youth with Disabilities in Education, MHRD, 2005, Scheme of Inclusive
Education for the Disabled at Secondary School (IEDSS, 2009).
Special Role of Institutions for the Education of Children with Disabilities- Rehabilitation
Council of India, National Institutes of Different Disabilities, Composite Regional Centres
(CRCs), District Disability Rehabilitation Centres (DDRCs); Structures like BRCs, CRCs under
SSA, National Trust and NGOs.
Unit - III: Defining Special Needs
- Understanding diversities- concepts, characteristics, classification of children with diversities
(Visual Impairment, Hearing Impairment, Specific Learning Difficulties, Locomotor and
Neuromuscular Disorders, Mental Retardation, Autism, Leprosy Cured Persons, Mental Illness
and Multiple Disabilities).
- Special needs in terms of the curriculum in the context of different disabilities and their
learning styles.
- Concept of an inclusive school- infrastructure and accessibility, human resources, attitudes to
disability, whole school approach.
- Community-based education.
Unit - IV: Inclusive Practices in Classrooms for All
- School's readiness for addressing learning difficulties.
- Assessment of children to know their profile.
- Technological advancement and its application: ICT, adaptive and assistive devices,
equipments and other technologies for different disabilities.
- Classroom management and organization.
- Making learning more meaningful: Responding to special needs by developing strategies for
differentiating content, curricular adaptations, lesson planning and TLM.
- Pedagogical strategies to respond to individual needs of students: Cooperative learning
strategies in the classroom, peer tutoring, social learning, buddy system, reflective teaching,
multisensory teaching, etc.
- Supportive services required for meeting special needs in the classroom: Special teacher,
speech therapist, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, and counsellor.
- Development and application of learner-friendly evaluation procedures; Different provisions
for examination by CBSE and the board in their State.
- Documentation, record keeping and maintenance.
Unit - V: Developing Support Networks
- Addressing social climate of the classroom.
- Child-to-child programme.
- Developing partnerships in teaching: Teacher and special teacher; Teacher and co-teaching
personnel; Parents as partners- developing positive relationships between school and home.
- Involving community resources as source of support to teachers.
- Involving external agencies for networking: Setting up appropriate forms of communication
with professionals and paraprofessionals.
- Liaising for reciprocal support of pre-school programmes, pre-vocational training programmes,
social security, different provisions, concessions, etc.
-
-----***-----
PAPER - XII:
ELECTIVE GROUP - II
XII (F)
TEACHING OF VALUES
TOTAL MARKS: 80
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
(i) To understand the nature and sources of nature, and disvalues.
(ii) To understand the classification of values under different types.
(iii) To appreciate educational value s like democratic, secular, and socialist.
Course Outline
Unit - I
- Nature and sources of values, biological, psychological, social and ecological determinants of
values- their bearing on education in varying degrees.
Unit - II
- Classification of values into various types: Material, social, moral and spiritual values; status of
values; how can these be realized through education.
Unit - III
- Corresponding to values there are evils or dis-values: Material, social, economic, moral and
religious evils leading to faithlessness and irreverence; how can education overcome these
negative values.
Unit - IV
- Levels of values realization, how to resolve the conflicts among values; how to work for the
integration of values that are embedded in education.
- Development of values as a personal and life-long process-teaching of values as an integral part
of education.
Unit - V
- Evaluating that teachers and other school personnel are value laden, students and parents are
value laden, curriculum is value laden evaluate.
- Value of self-sacrifice vs value of self-centredness.
- Values of excellence vs values of ego-centralism.
- Values of work vs values of selfishness.
- Every teacher or all teachers need to teach values.

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B.ED.

PAPER - I: PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES OF EDUCATION

Unit - I: Aims of Education

progressive trends in education.

Gandhi & Tagore.

- Philosophy and Education: Significance of studying philosophy in understanding educational

practices and problems.

Unit - II: Philosophical Systems

- Realism with reference to Aristotle and Jainism.

- Humanism: Historical & Scientific and Buddhists.

Unit - III: Indian Thinkers

Educational thinkers and their contribution in developing principles of education.

- Gijju Bhai: The world of the child.

- Swami Vivekananda: Man making education.

- Sri Aurobindo: Integral education, its basic premises, stages of development.

- J. Krishna Murthy: Child Centerd Education.

Unit - IV: Western Thinkers

- Antonio Gramsci ( Neo-Gramscian Theory)

- Paulo Friere (Democratic Education)

Unit - V: Contemporary Thought

and Indian Thinkers.

- Contemporary philosophical perspectives of Education, Modernization & Globalization in

thought and education.

PAPER - II: LEARNER AND LEARNING PROCESS

Unit - I: Nature of Psychology and Learners

- Stages of Human Development: Stage specific characteristics and developmental tasks.

Unit - II: Learning

Vigotsky’s Social Learning.

related, and content related.

Unit - III: Intelligence

- Nature and characteristics of intelligence and its development.

- Measuring intelligence: Verbal, Non-Verbal and Performance tests (one representative of

test and individual test of each),

- Creativity: definition & measurement.Unit - IV: Exceptional Children

- Individual differences: Nature; accommodating Individual differences in the classroom.

Learner centered techniques for teaching exceptional children.

- Group Dynamics, Psycho-analysis.

Unit - V: Socialization, Culture and Education in Indian context

- History of Indian psychology with specific reference to religions and epics.

- Durganand Sinha’s Cognitive Development.

- Understanding diversity in Indian culture.

PEDAGOGY OF MATHEMATICS (PART I)

Unit - I: Nature and Scope of Mathematics

Meaning and scope of mathematics. A mathematical theorem and its variants—converse,

Deductive nature of mathematics; History of mathematics with special emphasis on teaching of

mathematics, contribution of Indian mathematicians. Aesthetic sense in mathematics and

Unit - II: Exploring Learners

Unit - III: Aims and Objectives of Teaching School Mathematics

Unit - IV: School Mathematics Curriculum

Objectives of curriculum, principles for designing curriculum, designing curriculum at different

different stages of school mathematics education, construction of syllabi in various disciplines

mathematics at various level of schooling- Arithmetic (Development of Number Systems),

Algebra, Trigonometry, Statistics and Probability, etc.

Unit - V: Approaches and Strategies in Teaching and Learning of Mathematical

Nature of concepts, concept formation and concept assimilation, Moves in teaching a

implementation of strategies in teaching a concept like teaching of algebra, geometry,

trigonometry, mensuration, etc.; Difference between teaching of mathematics and teaching of

PAPER - III: PEDAGOGICAL STUDIES (PART I)

PEDAGOGY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE (PART I)