International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science

(IJAEMS)
Peer-Reviewed Journal
ISSN: 2454-1311 | Vol-9, Issue-3; Mar, 2023
Journal Home Page: https://ijaems.com/
Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaems.93.5

Adoption of Digital Learning Technology: An Empirical

Analysis of the Determinants in Telecom Sector
Abdul Basit

Received: 19 Feb 2023; Received in revised form: 11 Mar 2023; Accepted: 22 Mar 2023; Available online: 30 Mar 2023

Abstract— Technology has advanced significantly from the analogue period to the digital era. Digital
Learning Technology (DLT) is a learning paradigm based on the use of ubiquitous latest technologies, by
using smart devices. It can be described as a learning environment that is assisted in daily life by wireless
networks, mobile, and embedded computers. It aims to offer content and interaction to students wherever
they are, at any time. The learning process has advanced thanks to the technology revolution, which has also
fundamentally altered how knowledge is shared and learned. At present, there exist other frameworks too,
but they are centered towards different paradigms, and point of view pertaining to DLT with its emphasis on
Telecommunication Sector has not been taken into consideration. As, existing frameworks are centered
towards different environments hence there exists a need to add dimensions of Empowered Learner, Digital
Citizen, Knowledge Curator, Innovative Designer, Computational Thinker and Creator, Communicator &
Global Collaborator. These have not been integrated together in existing available research. The study will
ascertain level of knowledge of DLT and examined factors which affect the adoption rate, use, and role of
DLT in telecoms setups. The results of this research will help create a framework that, if used in any
academic or learning setting in a technology-based firm.
Keywords— Artificial Intelligence, Lendo, Swedbank

I. INTRODUCTION Knowledge Curator, Innovative Designer, situating of

The newest development in educational technology is instructional activities and Creator, Communicator &
digital learning. The widespread use of smart gadgets, which Global Collaborator.
have powerful computing and communication capabilities,
is responsible for this educational revolution. The major
technologies that are paving the way for DLT are thought to
be those relating to information, communication, and
computation. "Urban learning paired with Technology
Centered Learning Environment (TCLE) devices has
created enormous opportunity and paradigm shift for the
users." (Xianzhi Ye, 2008).
1.1. Background
The development of digital learning is supported by Fig 1.1-1: The conceptual design for a ubiquitous learning
improvements in computing technology combined with a system
"always connected" digital world. The process of learning
Source: (Chen Y.S, 2002)
from the environment has become considerably simpler as a
result. The ubiquitous world is encouraging knowledge
sharing to happen naturally, methodically, consistently, and The design above shows a digital learning environment
continuously. According to (Yano, 2003), based on (Chen where the user has the liberty to move from one place to
Y.S, 2002), the main characteristics of ubiquitous digital another while always being connected to the web based
learning are Empowered Learner, Digital Citizen, learning server installed at telecommunication services
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Basit International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 9(3) -2023

providers. With the advancements in telecom technology,

the location of the web based server can be on the cloud.
Cloud computing is a new concept which allows the servers
available for computing in the cyber space.

Fig 1.1-4: Platform as a service

Source: (IndiaMART, 2019)
Fig 1.1-2: The cloud computing model
Source: (Xorlogics, 2017)
And finally the Software as a service is used only for the
needed applications. The cloud has public, private and
The above model shows the complete cloud structure. The hybrid space for the specific users.
services have following categories.
- IaaS - Infrastructure as a service
- PaS - Platform as a service
- SaS - Software as a service
IaaS outsources virtualization, storage networking and load
balancers.

Fig 1.1-5: Infrastructure as a service

Source: (Solutions, 2019)

DLT is a fresh, dynamic approach to learning that builds on

traditional teaching strategies. Because consumers can now
afford to use digital media, it is now conceivable. The
Fig 1.1-3: Infrastructure as a Service emergence of ubiquitous learning has altered the roles and
Source: (Wilson, 2019) responsibilities of educators, trainers, educators, and
trainees/students. The core of this strategy is new ways of
creating, storing, delivering, and accessing knowledge, not
PaaS consists of hosting operating system and services that the logic or technical requirements of smart devices
allow the user to run his/her applications. employing telecommunication infrastructures. A new
digital learning paradigm is starting to take shape, and it is
guiding us to take the lead in technological innovation.

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Basit International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 9(3) -2023

multimodal representations that reflect their experiences and

identities and share them with their non-digital / digital
social networks. (Pimmer, 2016).

Fig 1.1-6: Information and Communication Technology

Enabled Life Long Learning Fig 1.1-8: Ubiquitous Learning Smart Mobile Devices

Source: (Hasibuan, 2013) Source: (Lentini, 2019)

The information and communication (ICT) enabled lifelong Keeping digital records is another aspect of digital learning.
learning model depicts the overall learning environment They can share their expertise and log their activity on social
integrated with cloud computing infrastructure. media. One can focus on targeted quizzes and discover
solutions to the targeted questions by making use of specific
DLT environment offers an interoperable, pervasive, and tools. Interest in digital learning is growing significantly,
seamless learning architecture (Saadiah Yahya, 2010). It especially in light of its potential applications in academic
offers appropriate learning partners, appropriate learning contexts.
materials, and appropriate learning services at the
appropriate location and time. Because the context in which Although there are now few widespread implementations of
learners are learning has a significant impact on the DLT, empirical evidence suggests that this will change in
effectiveness and efficiency of digital learning, context the near future thanks to access to digital platforms and
models and contextual acquisition methods are needed telecommunications infrastructures. A paradigm shifts from
(Stephen J.H. Yang. Yang, 2006). conventional learning methods to high technology based
learning methods will occur in the future when various types
DLT also incorporates learning analytics, a method created of learning technologies are adopted. By the use of
very recently to make use of the vast amount of knowledge. communication networks, this will allow us to access any
It has proven to be a very effective technique to promote information from anywhere at any time.
initiatives for advanced learning. The learner's mobility and
the potential benefit of employing learning analytics to 1.2. Research Problem
improve the digital learning experience are significant The actual issue is how to develop a conceptual framework
features. for digital learning that can transform current learning
approaches into cutting-edge virtual domains in a telecom
setting. With the implementation of new DLT mechanisms
and technologies, conventional digital learning techniques
will become ineffective in the future. The solution to this
issue is to provide a conceptual framework for sustained
learning that is integrated into the pervasive digital learning
echo system.
1.3. Research Objectives
- Analyzing and evaluating existing technologies
relating to DLT.
Fig 1.1-7: Ubiquitous Learning Analytics - To come up with a Digital Learning Technology
Source: (Magoulas, 2016) framework in order to find out relationships between
dependent and independent variables which are affecting
adoption of Digital Learning Technology in the
As boundary-crossing tools, mobile devices, and
Telecommunication Sector.
particularly mobile social media, help learners create

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- Analyzing through the use of statistical method Digital learning analytics in Telecommunication Networks
collected questionnaires and subsequently validating the Support (TNS)s by (Naif Radi Aljohani, 2012) describes the
research hypothesis. advantages of using learning analytical techniques to
- Coming up with DLT framework. enhance learning in mobile and Telecommunication
1.4. Research Motivation Networks Support (TNS)s from a theoretical perspective.

The motivation behind the selection of this area is based on Contextual data can be used to improve interactions between
developing a guideline for the telecommunication sector students, gadgets, and learning environments. The
learners where digital learning frameworks are non-existent. interaction between mobile devices and students is
This is a completely new domain/area of research in which improved by the DLT apps' retrieval of contextual data
not much work has been done and there is a dire need to about the students. Learning resources are made available
come up with some sustainable framework, which can that are based on gathered contextual data. To make mobile
eventually lead to learning transformations in the futuristic device interaction easier, the precise contextual information
digital world. is gathered (Naif Radi Aljohani, 2012). Contextual data
gathering is helpful in increasing student focus on critical
activities and enabling time savings. The most recent
II. LITERATURE REVIEW technical tools that have affected social norms of society in
This section starts with a discussion of the existing theories many sectors of life are regarded as mobile equipment
based on which this research work is ingrained, and then (Norbert Pachler, 2011). (Ogata, 2011) investigated
follows a review of literature explaining relationships computer supported digital learning and came up with
between the various variables and the existing gaps in the ubiquitous learning log system called SCROLL (system for
knowledge. capturing and reminding of learning log). It helps the
learners to log their understanding experiences by the use of
2.1 Literature Review
photos, audios (mp3), videos, location, codes, tags and
The implementation of digital learning is a good opportunity sensor set.
to address the affordability, Digital Citizen, and quality
Similarly, mobile technology has penetrated at an
issues of the higher education sector that are present in many
unprecedented rate in the last few years. (Sung Youl Park,
countries (A’ang Subiyakto, 2019). Mobile learning
2011) Argued that m-learning is rather a new research topic
solutions improve engagement among students,
and the effectiveness of m-learning has not been fully
communication, time management, and information
explored. “Evolution of Technology Centered Learning
delivery according to their needs. Mobile technology
Environment (TCLE) has been catalyzed because of the
elements that allow for time and location independence as
improvement in wireless telecommunications and led to
well as personalization opportunities capture students'
DLT that allows the embedding of individual learning
attention more. (Ayse Gunay, 2014).
activities in daily lives.
A digital learning query/answer System developed by (Lei
(Alhassan, 2016) says that greatest added value of m-
Jing, 2017) makes use of digital artifacts in the ubiquitous
learning is dependent on the features that encompass
environment and have provided ability to learner to learn
classroom interactions to other settings by using the
from more extensive learning contents. They discussed
communication networks; Mobile and U-learning in higher
architecture of ubiquitous query/answer system with the
educational institutes, a proper review of empirical studies
ability of searching and providing real/virtual learning
by (Pimmer, 2016) talks about harnessing the increasing
content. To implement the suggested method, they
access to digital mobile media for the enrichment of
developed a matching algorithm. To meet the needs of
traditional forms of higher education.
today, learner-centered approaches and possibilities are
required, broadening the application of mobile learning An article by (Saadiah Yahya, 2010) describes new learning
(Travis L. Irby, 2015). paradigm that is supported by digital computing
technologies. It describes information regarding to u
Digital Learning Technology (DLT) is a learning method in
learning. Observation of u-learning features are discussed in
which the learner can effectively start learning process at
order to propose a conclusive definition of u-learning
anytime and anywhere (Keengwe, 2015). It is structured by
together (O.K. Boyinbode, May 2009).
Technology Centered Learning Environment (TCLE)
Technology and is the integration of physical, such as According to (Gwo-Jen Hwang, 2008), the fast changes
humans, physical devices, places, info-space etc. DLT occurring in the learning contexts, DLT lacks a precise
environment is a mechanism that anyone can access from definition. As a result, the academics have developed many
anywhere at any time and by any device. meanings for the term DLT. A learning mechanism that
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Basit International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 9(3) -2023

includes collaborators, contents, and services is offered by Following are some of the important
the DLT environment. DLT is concerned with giving characteristics/variables of UL (Chen Y.S, 2002) and (Mohd
strategies to find the best learning partners and having the Khairul Ikhwan, 2015).
appropriate content. We should pay special attention to the 2.2.1 Empowered Learner
consequences of the Technology Centered Learning
By Empowered Learner it is meant that the learner has
Environment (TCLE) as we examine its affordance. The
access to all the tools needed for the digital learning
digital divide, where individuals cannot afford to purchase
purposes.
the most modern and advanced products despite prices
lowering, needs to be closed. (Bill Cope, New Media, New 2.2.2 Digital Citizen
Learning, 2007). The proponents of Technology Centered By Digital Citizen, we mean that all the information, data,
Learning Environment (TCLE) in the academic world are documentations, audio-visual data or videos can be accessed
working hard to lower the cost of technology for the general from anywhere by any individual. The availability of the
public (Yang, 2006). (Stephen J.H. Yang. Yang, 2006) information is based on the digital learner’s requirements,
Researched upon context aware Telecommunication hence the learning being self-directed.
Networks Support (TNS)s.
2.2.3 Knowledge Curator
An Agenda for Educational Transformation by (Bill Cope,
The knowledge curator is able to save and hold the
2006) explores the dimensions of this proposition by using
information safely for digital access at any time.
new technologies to learn old things. “Emergence of
Technology Centered Learning Environment (TCLE) 2.2.4 Innovative Designer
creates new conditions for professionals”. Through Innovative Designer, the learners can come up with
From an evolutionary standpoint, the transition is significant innovative solutions.
because it has enabled people to engage without being 2.2.5 Computational Thinker
constrained by physical contact (Hans, 2004). (Scholtz,
It means having computational capabilities while thinking
2004) gives framework which was developed through
out of the box.
discussion of the computing applications with a view to
developing a framework for the evaluation of Technology 2.2.6 Creator, Communicator & Global
Centered Learning Environment (TCLE) applications. Collaborator

Looking at the learners’ perspective, context is defined in By Creator, Communicator & Global Collaborator, we
terms of the surrounding environment affecting the learners. mean that the learner has the drive to get hold of the digital
From a services viewpoint, it is described as the learning materials through interactions and collaborations.
environment, which has an impact on how learning services On the basis of these variables, researchers developed
are delivered and carried out. Additionally, as sensing research framework that guarantee proper execution of
technologies have advanced, it is now possible to collect ubiquitous learning in a high-knowledge environment
contextual data, such as time and location, by utilizing tools (Mohd Khairul Ikhwan, 2015).
like Wi-Fi, GPS, and other technologies. The DLT
environment can be distinguished from the mobile learning III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN
(ML) environment (Kalle Lyytinen, 2002).
In this section, we look at the concept of framework for
2.2 Research Direction futuristic digital learning environment. Based on these
Shift from e-learning to digital learning is shown below understandings, a conceptual framework is developed, and
(Boyinbode O. K., 2008). research hypothesis established.
3.1 Research Framework
These factors led us to develop a research framework based
on types of interactions that take place in a digital learning
scene (Mohd Khairul Ikhwan, 2015)
Fig 2.2-1: Comparison and flow of Digital E-learning, M-
learning, and U-learning
Source: (Moreiraa, 2017)

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Basit International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 9(3) -2023

Fig 3.2-1: Research Model

The relationship between IV and DV needs to be looked

Fig 3.1-1: Type of Interaction in Digital Language into. There are many approaches to data analysis. First of
Learning Environment all, validity/reliability of the method is essential in research.
Source: (Mohd Khairul Ikhwan, 2015) Reliable measuring method gives the same measurements
when one repeatedly measures the same unchanged objects
or the events.
Based on the above model, the variables identified for this
research contribution are Empowered Learner, Digital
Citizen, Knowledge Curator, Innovative Designer and Similarly, Cronbach's alpha is defined as the measure of
Computational Thinker. In the Perceived model, Creator, internal consistency i.e. as a group, how closely related a set
Communicator & Global Collaborator has been added. The of items are. It is a measure of the scale reliability. If we
model with Creator, Communicator & Global Collaborator. look at the frequency distribution of a particular
The six independent variables are: observation, it is the number of times the observation occurs
in the data.
• Empowered Learner (EL)
In statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient measures linear
• Digital Citizen (DC) correlation between two variables. Regression will find
• Knowledge Curator (KC) relationships between variables. It comprises of many
techniques for modeling & analyzing variables i.e.
• Innovative Designer (ID)
dependent and independent variables.
• Computational Thinker (CT)
3.3 Research Hypotheses
• Creator, Communicator & Global Collaborator
Following are the research hypothesis.
(CCGC)
H1a: In the learning environment, Empowered Learner
Dependent variables are selected to be:
(EL) needs Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS).
• Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS) H1b: In the learning environment, Empowered Learner
• Technology Centered Learning Environment (EL) needs Technology Centered Learning Environment
(TCLE) (TCLE).
• Technology Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS) H1c: In the learning environment, Empowered Learner (EL)
The study will evaluate the level of knowledge about DLT needs Technology Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS).
and examine the contributions of various factors influencing H2a: In the learning environment, Digital Citizen (DC)
how quickly it is being adopted in the telecommunications needs Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS).
industry. The results of the research will help create a H2b: In the learning environment, Digital Citizen (DC)
framework that, when used in any technology configuration, needs Technology Centered Learning Environment
will enable the delivery of cutting-edge telecommunication (TCLE).
networks support in an efficient manner (TNS).
3.2 Research Model
H2c: In the learning environment, Digital Citizen (DC)
Based on the extensive literature review, the following needs Technology Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS).
research model is proposed.
H3a: In the learning environment, Knowledge Curator
(KC) needs Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS).
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H3b: In the learning environment, Knowledge Curator apply Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability, it should be ensured
(KC) needs Technology Centered Learning Environment that all independent variables, measuring the dependent
(TCLE). variables are in the same direction; i.e., there exists no
H3c: In the learning environment, Knowledge Curator negatively items in the developed questionnaire. Research
(KC) needs Technology Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS). design in this study is descriptive and is based on cross
sectional design. Furthermore cross-sectional research
H4a: In the learning environment, Innovative Designer
studies are undertaken that represents a snapshot at that
(ID) Needs Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS).
point in time (Cooper, 2008).
H4b: In the learning environment, Innovative Designer
Using the information gathered from the pilot study,
(ID) needs Technology Centered Learning Environment
questionnaires are tested to determine the validity of the
(TCLE)
procedure. The purpose of the pilot test is to make the
H4c: In the learning environment, Innovative Designer (ID) questionnaires better so that respondents will have no
needs Technology Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS). trouble responding them, the questions will be clear, and
H5a: In the learning environment, Computational Thinker there won't be any issues with the data being recorded
(CT) needs Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS). accurately. This result in the assessment of the validity of
data which will be collected (Mark Saunders, 2007).
H5b: In the learning environment, Computational Thinker
(CT) needs Technology Centered Learning Environment Comparable to external validity, internal validity is defined
(TCLE). as the capacity of the study methodology to measure what it
is intended to assess. The degree to which the approach
H5c: In the learning environment, Computational Thinker
adequately covers the research issues is known as content
(CT) needs Technology Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS).
validity. The success of the measurements employed for the
H6a: In the learning environment, Creator, Communicator predictions or the estimations is explained by the criterion
& Global Collaborator (CCGC) needs Telecommunication associated validity. Finally, the construct validity considers
Networks Support (TNS). both the theory and the chosen measurement technique
H6b: In the learning environment, Creator, Communicator (Cooper, 2008).
& Global Collaborator (CCGC) needs Technology Centered Cronbach’s Alpha is calculated to test the reliability. Alpha
Learning Environment (TCLE). can take any value from zero (no internal consistency) to one
H6c: In the learning environment, Creator, Communicator (complete internal consistency) whereas 0.7 is defined as an
& Global Collaborator (CCGC) needs Technology acceptable limit. As per (George, 2003), the following rules
Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS). apply (as shown in the table);
Due to the fact that it is grounded in the corpus of existing Table 3.3-1: Cronbach Alpha (Reliability Limits)
knowledge, this research project is oriented towards Reliability Assessment
>0.9 Excellent
positivistic research philosophy. >0.8 Good
Questionable
Following a study of the relevant literature from earlier >0.6
>0.5 Poor
investigations, a conceptual framework is being created <0.5 Unacceptable

using accepted scientific procedures. For establishing if the

presented hypotheses are true or false, basic laws of
hypothesis are applied to the observations. Propositions 3.4 Target Population
were tested empirically as part of the research project. To
The samples will be collected from the following three
generalize the results, the entire population was analyzed.
telecommunication Companies;
Research Methodology and Design
1. PTCL (100 questionnaires)
In this research work, the following tests were performed:
2. Worldcall (100 questionnaires)
3. Nayatel (100 questionnaires)
3.5 Data Collection
The research study makes use of primary data collection
For the analysis of this study, the researcher will use the procedures.
package of SPSS. SPSS is used to find Cronbach’s Alpha
Coefficient aiming to find how much reliable is the method
for the collected data (questionnaire’s). However, before we
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3.6 Data Analysis & Presentation 4.2 Descriptive Statistics

Regression-analysis & Pearson’s Product Moment The following section presents descriptive statistics
Correlation-analysis are used. Mean scores were calculated regarding variables under consideration of the study.
for the Likert scale type of questions. Table 4.2-1: Descriptive Statistics regarding the individual
variables
Questions StDe
IV. DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND N Min. Max. Mean
v
268 4.00 5.00 4.757 .4294
DISCUSSION Are learning tools available to the learner? 5 2
Is empowered learner having access to all 268 3.00 5.00 4.664 .6294
the learning material? 2 2
The findings are described in depth in the chapter based on Does empowered learner has requisite 268 3.00 5.00 4.750 .5201
knowledge and skills to carry out his 0 9
the respondents' response on the questionnaire. Surveys learning endeavor?
Is the Digital Learner fully equipped with 268 3.00 5.00 4.611 .7074
were performed to find out how respondents felt about communication devices?
Is the digital citizen living in an area where 268 3.00 5.00
9
4.690
8
.5585
various traits. A total of 300 questionnaires were given, and all digital communication services are
available?
3 4

Are there any communication breakdown 268 2.00 5.00 4.608 .7289
268 of those were correctly completed and returned, issues for the digital citizen to carry out his 2 2
learning assignments?
representing a response rate of roughly 89.33%. Does the knowledge curator has technology 268 2.00 5.00 4.712 .6385
solution available for storing his data? 7 8
Is the knowledge curator fully aware of the 268 3.00 5.00 4.776 .5141
4.1 Reliability digital data disaster management 1 0
implementations?
Does the digital curator have access to the 268 2.00 5.00 4.541 .7151
Table 4.1-1: Reliability Statistics cloud services? 0 3
268 3.00 5.00 4.529 .7260
Is the employee aware of designing tools? 9 8
Reliability Statistics Does the designer have innovative designing 268 3.00 5.00 4.444 .7449
skill set? 0 2
Does the innovative designer think out of 268 3.00 5.00 4.369 .8400
Cronbach's Cronbach's Alpha Based on the box solutions? 4 8
N of Items 268 3.00 5.00 4.667 .6799
Alpha Standardized Items
Is the employee good at computations? 9 5
Does the employee has computation 268 3.00 5.00 4.705 .6111
.750 .765 30 thinking skills? 2 1
Is employees educational background 268 3.00 5.00 4.611 .6466
supports application of computational 9 3
capabilities?
268 3.00 5.00 4.720 .5933
Are the learners good at being creative? 1 8
Do employees have good communication 268 3.00 5.00 4.682 .6121
skills? 8 2
Table 4.1-2: Cronbach Alpha Is the learner capable of engaging in global 268 4.00 5.00 4.757 .4294
collaborations to achieve his learning 5 2
Questionnaire Items Cronbach objectives?
's Alpha 268 3.00 5.00 4.671 .6214
Are learning tools available to the learner? .739 Is telecommunication network available? 6 2
Is empowered learner having access to all the learning material? .722
Does empowered learner has requisite knowledge and skills to carry out .742
his learning endeavor?
Is the Digital Learner fully equipped with communication devices? .737
Is the digital citizen living in an area where all digital communication .746 Two hundred and sixty-eight objects for each & every
services are available?
Are there any communication breakdown issues for the digital citizen to .726 variable dimensions were analysed in the questionnaire,
carry out his learning assignments?
Does the knowledge curator has technology solution available for storing .762 with rate ranging from 2-5 and variance being 0.5-0.65.
his data?
Is the knowledge curator fully aware of the digital data disaster .754
management implementations? To fully understand the data's segregation and the related
Does the digital curator have access to the cloud services? .744
Is the employee aware of designing tools? .765
numbers obtained from the survey, the next part includes pie
Does the designer have innovative designing skill set? .764 charts for each item.
Does the innovative designer think out of the box solutions? .762
Is the employee good at computations? .755
Does the employee has computation thinking skills? .757 4.3 Pie Charts:
Is employees educational background supports application of .748
computational capabilities? The first pie chart is regarding the question, are learning
Are the learners good at being creative? .760
Do employees have good communication skills? .739 tools available to the learner? A majority of the participants
Is the learner capable of engaging in global collaborations to achieve his .739
learning objectives? strongly agreed with the statement and a few agreed. None
Is telecommunication network available? .722
Is the bandwidth needed for learning endeavors good enough? .741 were in disagreement. This shows the availability of the
Is networking support good enough in the area? .736
Does telecom services provider provides free applications for learning? .745 requisite tools for learning.
Does your organization support learning opportunities for the employees? .725
Is there any learning and development setup in place in the organization? .739
Is top management encouraging employees to enhance their learning and .722
skills?
Is your organization knowledge and learning based centric? .741
Do the employees in your organization have the mind set to adopt new .736
technologies?
Do the employee have positive mind set regarding trying new learning .745
methods?
Is your company embedding latest technology settings in its .725
infrastructure?

The table expresses the values of Cronbach Alpha test for

each item of the questionnaire. Greater than 0.70 value
depicts strong reliability of scale of measurement strength
of the questionnaire.

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statement, as seen in the pie chart. Only a small percentage

of responders were undecided about their choice.

Fig 4.3-1: Are learning tools available to the learner?

Fig 4.3-3: Does empowered learner has requisite

The following pie chart displays the responses provided by knowledge and skills to carry out his learning endeavor?
the participants in response to the question, "Do empowered
learners have access to all the learning materials?" The
majority of the responses were found to be in agreement, The question was asked that weather Digital Learner is fully
while a minority gave responses that were indifferent. Most equipped with communication devices? Majority depicting
were in agreement. strong agreement with no disagreement.

Fig 4.3-2: Is empowered learner having access to all the Fig 4.3-4: Is the Digital Learner fully equipped with
learning material? communication devices?

The following comments were gathered from participants Is the digital citizen living in an area where all digital
when they were asked if an empowered learner had the communication services are available? Respondents
necessary knowledge and abilities to carry out his learning strongly agreed because of reason that the study was
endeavour. The majority of people strongly agree with the conducted for the companies whose employees have good
access to communication infrastructures.

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Basit International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 9(3) -2023

When asked if the knowledge curator is fully aware of the

digital data disaster management implementations, it was
strongly agreed. Some of the respondents remained neutral.

Fig 4.3-5: Is the digital citizen living in an area where all

digital communication services are available?

Fig 4.3-8: Is the knowledge curator fully aware of the

To the question if there any communication breakdown digital data disaster management implementations?
issues for the digital citizen to carry out his learning
assignments, majority of the respondents strongly agreed
whereas marginal number showed disagreement. The next item related to the query if digital curator has
access to the cloud services? Major number gave strong
agreement with minute disagreement. This can be because
of the fact that cloud services have recently cropped up in
the market.

Fig 4.3-6: Are there any communication breakdown issues

for the digital citizen to carry out his learning
assignments?

Fig 4.3-9: Does the digital curator have access to the

When asked if the knowledge curator have technology cloud services?
solution available for storing his data, most of them agreed
with the statement with very small number disagreed.
The interaction between learners is possible only if the
employee aware of designing tools. Substantial numbers lie
in not any one agree not any one disagree category in the
responses gathered.

Fig 4.3-7: Does the knowledge curator have technology

solution available for storing his data?

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Basit International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 9(3) -2023

The question asked from respondents if the employees good

at computations. Mostly respondents strongly agreed or
agreed, or were neutral.

Fig 4.3-10: Is the employee aware of designing tools?

The next item related to the designer having innovative

designing skill set. Majority falls in strong agreement.

Fig 4.3-13: Is the employee good at computations?

When asked if the employee have computation thinking

skills, majority falls in strong agreement with very small
disagreement seen.

Fig 4.3-11: Does the designer have innovative designing

skill set?

The next item related to the question about innovative

designer thinking out of the box solutions. Majority of
respondents strongly showed agreement whereas no Fig 4.3-14: Does the employee have computation thinking
disagreement was found. skills?

When asked if the employees educational background

supports application of computational capabilities, mostly
respondents were in agreement. No disagreement was
found.

Fig 4.3-12: Does the innovative designer think out of the

box solutions?

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Basit International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 9(3) -2023

Respondents were asked if the learner capable of engaging

in global collaborations to achieve his learning objectives?
The answers showed that all of the respondents either agreed
or strongly agreed with the statement that it would not be a
big challenge and can be taken care by the learners.

Fig 4.3-15: Is employees educational background supports

application of computational capabilities?

The respondents were asked if learners are good at being

creative. Majority of responses were found in agreement.

Fig 4.3-18: Is the learner capable of engaging in global

collaborations to achieve his learning objectives?

To the question if telecommunication network is available,

answers were more inclined towards agreement.

Fig 4.3-16: Are the learners good at being creative?

When asked if the employees have good communication

skills, mostly strongly agreed with the statement.

Fig 4.3-19: Is telecommunication network available?

Next question related to the availability of bandwidth

needed for learning endeavours is good enough, it received
major responses in agreement.

Fig 4.3-17: Do employees have good communication

skills?

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Basit International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 9(3) -2023

Fig 4.3-22: Does telecom services provider provide free

applications for learning?
Fig 4.3-20: Is the bandwidth needed for learning
endeavors good enough?
Does your organization support learning opportunities for
the employees? The respondents answered in agreement.
Regarding the statement that whether networking support is
good enough in the area, the answers showed major
agreement. No disagreements were observed.

Fig 4.3-23: Does your organization support learning

opportunities for the employees?

Is there any learning and development setup in place in the

organization, was asked with respondents strongly agreeing
Fig 4.3-21: Is networking support good enough in the
to it.
area?

The respondents when asked about telecom services

provider providing free applications for learning showed
strong agreement. This relates to the value added services
offered by the service providers to attract the customers in a
cut throat competition.

Fig 4.3-24: Is there any learning and development setup in

place in the organization?

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Basit International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 9(3) -2023

When asked from the respondents if top management

encourages employees to enhance their learning and skills,
most of them strongly agreed. There were no disagreements.

Fig 4.3-27: Do the employees in your organization have

the mind set to adopt new technologies?

It was asked from respondents if the employee have positive

Fig 4.3-25: Is top management encouraging employees to mind set regarding trying new learning methods, most of the
enhance their learning and skills? respondents strongly agreed.

When asked from the respondents if their organization is

knowledge and learning based centric, respondents strongly
agreed with no disagreements.

Fig 4.3-28: Does the employee have positive mind set

regarding trying new learning methods?

In response of the statement if their company is embedding

latest technology settings in their infrastructures was mostly
Fig 4.3-26: Is your organization knowledge and learning agreed by the respondents.
based centric?

When respondents were asked if the employees in their

organization have the mind set to adopt new technologies,
more of the respondent agreed strongly. An equal number of
responses proportion were in agreement or neutral.

Fig 4.3-29: Is your company embedding latest technology

settings in its infrastructure?
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Basit International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 9(3) -2023

When respondents were asked if majority of employees in (TNS), Technology cantered Learning Environment
their organization are ready to adopt latest digital (TCLE), and Technology Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS)
technologies, most of them strongly agreed. having Pearson’s r rate of 0.732, 0.922, and 0.674
correspondingly.
Digital Citizen is mostly associated with Empowered
Learner, Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS), and
Technology Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS)with correlation
values of 0.737, 0.859, 0.683, and 0.791 correspondingly.
There is a week relation exist b/w Digital Citizen and
Knowledge Curator, Computational Thinker, and Creator,
Communicator & Global Collaborator.
Knowledge Curator has a weak correlation ship to all the
other variables having highest correlation-value (0.291) and
it is related with the technology adaptation of the learning
Fig 4.3-30: Are majority of employees in your organization
environment.
ready to adopt latest digital technologies?
Computational Thinker is also related very weakly with all
other variables other than Creator, Communicator & Global
4.4 Hypotheses Testing Collaborator where it has a direct relations of r=0.409 value
4.4.1 Pearson Correlation strength. The Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS)
The following table shows the descriptive indicators of main is highly correlated with Digital Citizen, Empowered
variables of the study. The variables have multiple Learner, and the technology adaptation of learning
dimensions measured through questionnaire items. The surrounding. Whereas Technology Cantered Learning
results obtained from questionnaires were converted to Environment (TCLE) and the technology adaptation of the
composite results in order to use them in correlation and learning surrounding are mostly related with: Empowered
regression analyses. Learner, Digital Citizen and Telecommunication Networks
Support (TNS).
In the mean and Standard Deviation descriptive statistics
table it is clear that 268 cases of each variable were Table 4.4.1-2: Correlations
Correlations
analyzed. The respective means and standard deviation are PE AC IM IN CA AD
DLT
E
UE

provided for each variable under consideration. EL

Pearson
Correlation
1
.737
**
.112
-
.012
.212
**
.474
**
.732
**
.922
**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .068 .848 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 268 268 268 268 268 268 268 268
Table 4.4.1-1: Descriptive Statistics: Mean and Standard Pearson .737
1 .080
- .128 .316 .859 .683
DC Correlation ** .020 * ** ** **
Deviations Sig. (2-tailed)
N
.000
268 268
.194
268
.741
268
.036
268
.000
268
.000
268
.000
268
Pearson - .150 .215 - .247
Descriptive Statistics Correlation
.112 .080 1
.026 * ** .040 **
KC
N Minimu Maximu Mean Std. Sig. (2-tailed) .068 .194 .673 .014 .000 .513 .000
m m Deviation N 268 268 268 268 268 268 268 268
Empowered Learner (EL) 268 4.00 5.00 4.723 .31478 Pearson - - - - - -
1 .075
9 ID Correlation .012 .020 .026 .072 .008 .048
Digital Citizen (DC) 268 3.67 5.00 4.636 .37496 Sig. (2-tailed) .848 .741 .673 .218 .238 .900 .437
8 N 268 268 268 268 268 268 268 268
Knowledge Curator (KC) 268 3.00 5.00 4.674 .34249 Pearson .212 .128 .150 .409 .157
.075 1 .102
1 CT Correlation ** * * ** *
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .036 .014 .218 .000 .097 .010
Innovative Designer (ID) 268 3.67 5.00 4.447 .42518
N 268 268 268 268 268 268 268 268
8
Pearson .474 .316 .215 - .409 .207 .507
Computational Thinker 268 3.33 5.00 4.659 .32503 CCG Correlation ** ** ** .072 **
1
** **
(CT) 2 C Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .238 .000 .001 .000
Creator, Communicator & 268 4.00 5.00 4.720 .29428 N 268 268 268 268 268 268 268 268
Global Collaborator 1 Pearson .732 .859 - - .207 .608
(CCGC) .102 1
Correlation ** ** .040 .008 ** **
Telecommunication 268 3.75 5.00 4.695 .35620 TNS Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .513 .900 .097 .001 .000
Networks Support (TNS) 0 N 268 268 268 268 268 268 268 268
Technology Centered 268 3.75 5.00 4.707 .37292 Pearson .922 .683 .247 - .157 .507 .608
1
Learning Environment 1 TCL Correlation ** ** ** .048 * ** **
(TCLE) E Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .437 .010 .000 .000
Technology Adaptation 268 4.25 5.00 4.685 .27761 N 268 268 268 268 268 268 268 268
Mind-Set (TAMS) 6 Pearson .674 .791 .291 - .150 .268 .864 .629
TAM Correlation ** ** ** .011 * ** ** **
Valid N (list wise) 268
S Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .853 .014 .000 .000 .000
N 268 268 268 268 268 268 268 268
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Pearson correlation test came up with Correlation matrix in

SPSS. There are a few prominent correlations found in the
4.4.2 Linear Regression Analysis
matrix such as Empowered Learner is directly correlated
with Digital Citizen with a Pearson’s r value/rate of 0.737. The following models explain the impact of variables
Empowered Learner is also highly associated with all three calculated using regression models in SPSS.
dependent variables Telecommunication Networks Support

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Basit International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 9(3) -2023

H1a: In the learning environment, Empowered Learner H3a: In the learning environment, Knowledge Curator
(EL) needs Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS). (KC) needs Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS).
H1b: In the learning environment, Empowered Learner H3b: In the learning environment, Knowledge Curator
(EL) needs Technology Centered Learning Environment (KC) needs Technology Centered Learning Environment
(TCLE). (TCLE).
H1c: In the learning environment, Empowered Learner (EL) H3c: In the learning environment, Knowledge Curator
needs Technology Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS). (KC) needs Technology Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS).
The following table expresses results regarding regression The following regression table explains the effect of
analysis explaining the effect of Empowered Learner. Knowledge Curator on dependent variables. R Highest
Almost 73% variation in Telecommunication Networks value 0.291 is the value of impact of Knowledge Curator on
Support (TNS) is demonstrate by Empowered Learner. The Technology adaptation on learning environment (TALE).
proportion of Ubiquitous-Computing which is elaborated by Table 4.4.2-3: Effect of Knowledge Curator on dependent
Empowered Learner is much as compare to other values in variables
the regression analysis, a 92%. A 67.4% of Technology Coefficientsa
Adaptation in Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS) Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients T Sig.
R B Std. Error Beta
is explained by Empowered Learner. 1
KCa .040 .42 .064 .040 16.375 .000
KCb .247 .269 .065 .247 4.155 .000
KCc .291 .236 .048 .291 4.954 .000
Table 4.4.2-1: Regression Analysis
Coefficientsa a. Dependent Variable: Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS) –
Unstandardized Standardized H3a
Model Coefficients Coefficients t Sig. b. Dependent Variable: Technology Centred Learning Environment
R B Std. Error Beta (TCLE) – H3b
ELa .732 .829 .047 .732 17.546 .000 c. Dependent Variable: Technology Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS) –
1 H3c
ELb .922 1.093 .028 .922 38.928 .000
ELc .674 .595 .040 .674 14.900 .000

a. Dependent Variable: Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS) – H4a: In the learning environment, Innovative Designer
H1a
b. Dependent Variable: Technology Centred Learning Environment
(TCLE) – H1b
(ID) Needs Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS).
c. Dependent Variable: Technology Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS) – H1c
H4b: In the learning environment, Innovative Designer
(ID) needs Technology Centered Learning Environment
(TCLE)
H2a: In the learning environment, Digital Citizen (DC)
H4c: In the learning environment, Innovative Designer (ID)
needs Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS).
needs Technology Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS).
H2b: In the learning environment, Digital Citizen (DC)
The table that follows now contains values regarding
needs Technology Centered Learning Environment
regression analysis pertaining to effect of Innovative
(TCLE).
Designer on Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS),
H2c: In the learning environment, Digital Citizen (DC) Ubiquitous-Computing, and (TALE). The results show that
needs Technology Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS). Innovative Designer doesn’t significantly effect on variable
The table here expresses the regression values of Digital that are dependent as the R values are now highest than 0.12
Citizen and other variables. The regression analysis express in any of the other cases.
that 85.9 percent of the Telecommunication Networks Table 4.4.2-4: Regression Analysis
Support (TNS) is explained by Digital Citizen, 68.3 percent Coefficientsa
Unstandardized Standardized
of U-Computing, and 79.1% of Technology Adaptation. Model Coefficients Coefficients T Sig.
R B Std. Error Beta
.11
Table 4.4.2-2: Regression values of Digital Citizen and ID a
7
.093 .048 .117 23.571 .053
1
.08
other variables IDb
6
.071 .051 .086 22.067 .162
.10
IDc .063 .038 .101 29.338 .097
Coefficientsa 1
Unstandardized Standardized
Model Coefficients Coefficients t Sig.
R B Std. Error Beta a. Dependent Variable: Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS) –
DCa .859 .905 .033 .859 27.401 .000 H4a
1 b. Dependent Variable: Technology Centred Learning Environment
DCb .683 .679 .045 .683 15.240 .000
DCc .791 .586 .028 .791 21.088 .000 (TCLE) – H4b
c. Dependent Variable: Technology Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS) –
H4c
a. Dependent Variable: Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS) –
H2a
b. Dependent Variable: Technology Centred Learning Environment
(TCLE) – H2b
c. Dependent Variable: Technology Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS) –
(Regression analysis pertaining to effect of Innovative
H2c
Designer on Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS),
Ubiquitous-Computing, and Technology)

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Basit International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 9(3) -2023

H5a: In learning environment, Computational Thinker (CT) Table 4.4.2-6: Creator, Communicator & Global
needs Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS). Collaborator Effects
Coefficientsa
H5b: In the learning environment, Computational Thinker Unstandardized Standardized
Model Coefficients Coefficients T Sig.
(CT) needs Technology Centered Learning Environment R B Std. Error Beta
.20
CCGCa .250 .073 .207 3.448 .001
(TCLE). 1
7
.50
CCGCb .643 .067 .507 9.601 .000
7
H5c: In the learning environment, Computational Thinker CCGCc
.26
.253 .056 .268 4.531 .000
8
(CT) needs Technology Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS).
a. Dependent Variable: Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS) –
In the table following the effect of Computational Thinker H6a
b. Dependent Variable: Technology Centred Learning Environment
(TCLE) – H6b
on Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS), c. Dependent Variable: Technology Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS) –
H6c
Technology Centered Learning Environment (TCLE), and
(TALE) have been measured. Like Innovative Designer,
Computational Thinker has no significant impact on any one (Creator, Communicator & Global Collaborator and its
of the dependent variables. In any of the dependent variable effect on Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS),
no more than 16% variation has been expressed by the Technology Centered Learning Environment (TCLE), &
Computational Thinker that may be contributed to a chance. (TALE).

Table 4.4.2-5: Computational Thinker Effects

Coefficientsa 4.4.3 Conclusion
Unstandardized Standardized
Model Coefficients Coefficients T Sig.
R B Std. Error Beta A framework that addresses the dimensions of the
CTa .102 .111 .067 .102 1.665 .097
1
CTb
CTc
.157
.150
.180
.128
.069
.052
.157
.150
2.593
2.480
.010
.014
empowered learner, digital citizen, knowledge curator,
innovative designer, computational thinker and creator,
a. Dependent Variable: Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS) –
H5a communicator, and global collaborator has been developed
b. Dependent Variable: Technology Centred Learning Environment
(TCLE) – H5b by the researcher. Their integration was lacking in earlier
c. Dependent Variable: Technology Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS) –
H5c study. The framework measures the extent to which people
are aware of ubiquitous learning, and it has been determined
(Effect of Computational Thinker on Telecommunication through careful investigation that the aforementioned
Networks Support (TNS), (TCLE), and Technology elements have a significant influence on how ubiquitous
adaptation in Learning Environment (TALE)) learning is adapted. Any organisation intending to adopt it
with specially tailored alterations to fit into their different
work settings would use the designed framework as a
H6a: In the learning environment, Creator, Communicator
yardstick or standard.
& Global Collaborator (CCGC) needs Telecommunication
Networks Support (TNS). Is the student able to access learning tools? is the subject of
the first pie chart. The majority of participants agreed with
H6b: In the learning environment, Creator, Communicator
the statement, while a few others did as well. None of the
& Global Collaborator (CCGC) needs Technology Centered
observations contradicted the statement, according to the
Learning Environment (TCLE).
findings. This demonstrates the accessibility of the
H6c: In the learning environment, Creator, Communicator necessary learning tools. Pie charts show the replied
& Global Collaborator (CCGC) needs Technology answers of the participants about empowered learner having
Adaptation Mind-Set (TAMS). access to all the learning material? The majority of the
The following table depicts the result related to Creator, responses were found to be in agreement, while a minority
Communicator & Global Collaborator and its effect on gave responses that were indifferent. Nearly all the replied
Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS), (TCLE), & answers were agreed with the argument. The following
Technology Adaptation in Learning Environment (TALE). comments were gathered from participants when they were
Creator, Communicator & Global Collaborator has a weak asked if an empowered learner had the necessary knowledge
effect on Telecommunication Networks Support (TNS) & and abilities to carry out his learning endeavour. The
technology adaptation has a strong effect on Technology majority of people strongly agree with the statement, as seen
Centered Learning Environment (TCLE). Almost 51% in the pie chart. Only a small percentage of responders were
variation in Technology Centered Learning Environment undecided about their choice. Was the Digital Learner fully
(TCLE) is being explained by Creator, Communicator & furnished with communication gadgets, the question that
Global Collaborator. was posed? The majority is seen to strongly agree with the
statement in the accompanying pie chart. In all the replied
answers of participates no one disagree with the given
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Basit International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 9(3) -2023

argument. Does the digital citizen reside in a location with agreement with the proposition in question were also judged
access to all digital communication services? Due to the fact to be neutral. When asked if the learner was capable of
that the study was carried out for businesses whose working with others around the world to attain his learning
employees have easy access to communication goals, the respondents gave positive answers. According to
infrastructures, the results from respondents who strongly the responses, everyone who responded either agreed with
agree are displayed in the following pie chart. The majority the assertion that it wouldn't be a major difficulty and could
of respondents strongly agreed with the statement when be handled by the students, or they strongly agreed with it.
asked if there were any communication breakdown issues Answers to the question of whether a telecommunications
that would prevent the digital citizen from completing his network is available tended to be in accord. Very less
learning assignments, while a small minority of responses number of people responded neutrally, and no one
indicated a disagreement with the statement's application to respondents provided a negate response. The next query,
the digital citizen. When asked if the knowledge curator had which was about the availability of bandwidth required for
a technological answer for keeping his data, the majority of educational endeavours, received a majority of affirmative
them agreed with the assertion, while a very small answers. There were very few answers that were neutral
percentage disagreed with it. When asked if the knowledge towards the remark. Respondents were asked to indicate
curator is completely aware of the implementations of whether they agreed or disagreed with the statement
digital data disaster management, the majority of study "Networking support is good enough in the area," and their
participants strongly agreed, while only a few said they answers revealed broad and consistent support. There
agreed. A small percentage of respondents gave neutral weren't many neutral responses to be found. There were no
responses. The following question concerned whether the noticeable differences. When asked about telecom service
digital curator has access to cloud services. While there is providers offering free learning applications, the
some slight dissent in the replies gathered, the majority of respondents mostly and strongly agreed with the statement,
the answers are completely agreeing with the given with only a few responding in a neutral manner. This relates
argument. This is as a result of the emergence of cloud to the value-added services provided by service providers to
services in the marketplace. Only if the employee is aware draw clients in a fiercely competitive market. Does your
of designing tools is the interaction between learners company encourage staff learning opportunities? The
possible. A sizable portion of the comments go into the respondents replied in agree less number of people response
"strongly agree" group, while a sizable portion fall into the was naturally. The question posed to the responders was,
"agree," "neither agree nor disagree" categories. The second "Does the organisation have any systems in place for
point concerned the designer's aptitude for creative design. learning and development?" All respondents indicated their
The assertion in the replies gathered is supported by a agreement with the statement, either strongly or somewhat.
sizable portion of the responses. The following topic was There was no evidence of disagreement in the responses.
connected to the query regarding creative designer solutions Most of the respondents firmly agreed when asked if top
that think beyond the box. There is no disagreement among management encourages people to advance their learning
the comments gathered, although a sizable portion of them and abilities. The statistics did not reveal any evidence to
strongly agree with the assertion. Respondents were asked contradict the statement. Respondents firmly agreed that
if the staff were skilled at computations. The majority of peers are willing to assist colleagues in ubiquitous learning
responders either strongly agreed, agreed, or answered the when asked if their organisation is knowledge and learning
question indifferently. If the employee has computational driven. The answers were all in agreement. Most of the
thinking abilities, a sizable portion of the responses will respondents strongly agreed when asked if the staff
strongly agree with the assertion, yet a little amount of members in their organisation have the mind-set to adopt
opposition will also be present. When asked if the new technology. Equal numbers of respondents agreed with
educational background of the employees supports the use the statement and expressed no opinion. When asked if the
of computing capabilities, the maximum number of answer employee has a positive mind set about exploring new
were simply agreed with the statement, with only a few learning methods, the majority of respondents highly
giving neutral or opposing answers. The comments were all concurred. The responses are shown in the following pie
in agreement. If students are good at being creative, was the chart. The majority of respondents nodded in agreement
question posed to the replies. The majority of answers when asked whether their organisation integrates the most
indicated agreement with the statement, but approximately recent technology settings into their infrastructures. The
equally as many indicated disagreement. When asked if they statement was met with equal amounts of agreement and
had good communication abilities, the staff overwhelmingly disagreement from the responders. Most of the respondents
concurred. About as many comments as there were in strongly agreed when asked if the majority of employees in

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Basit International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 9(3) -2023

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