ASSIGNMENT 3 ( GROUP ASSIGNMENT )

Course Code : SEMM 1921

Course Name : Introduction To Mechanical Engineering
Section : 01
Lecturer’s Name : Prof. Dr. Safian Sharif
Session/Semester : 2022/2023/1
Title of report : Engineering for Society and Community
Date : 19/01/2023
Group Members :

Name Matric No.

SHERWIN ARON SMITH A22EM0016
KEVIAN KENT ELON HILARY A22EM0098
AKHMAL YOUNESS BIN A22EM0039
HAERUL
ABSTRACT
In today’s generation, the invention of water pumps have helped many people around the
world. However, many still have no clue about the contribution of water pumps and its
importance to the community and also the industry. The aim of this report is to investigate the
problems which are in need of water pumps for solution. The objectives are to study the
contribution of water pumps to the society and community and to understand its importance to
the economy and industries. Based on the report, the problem to supply adequate amount of
water to a certain area is solved by the usage of water pumps. Water pumps have contributed
to the society by supplying water to farmers and supplying water to areas where its difficult to
acquire water supply. On the other hand, water pumps also contributed to the industry by
working as a cooling system, stop flooding problems, treatment of water and cooling unit for
solar panels. Hence, this shows how the invention of water pumps by engineers can help the society
and industries in many ways.

1. INTRODUCTION
In order to sustain a sufficient food supply and a productive environment for all living things,
water and water resources are crucial. Growth in both human populations and economy demand
for freshwater around the world has been rising quickly. Water shortages seriously degrade
biodiversity in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, endangering human food security in
addition. Widespread water stress is being experienced in many nations as a result of the
adverse effects of global population growth, climate change impacts, and lifestyle changes. As
a result, people are becoming more and more aware of the urgent need for clean water supply.
Water is necessary for life since it has a significant impact on both public health and the
standard of living. Water is, however, not distributed equitably over the globe. Water is a
crucial ingredient (Kilic. Z, 2020).

Due to these reasons, the application of water pump is needed to supply adequate amount of
water for civilizations and environment. Water lifting device was introduced back in 2000 BC
in Egypt where the invention of shadoof, a device to lift up water from wells becomes the spark
of the existence and evolution of water pump today which has become the primary component
of water supply in every country (Yannopoulos et al., 2014). There are few examples of the
pumps such as axial and radial centrifugal pumps (KD Pumps, 2022). Hence, these pump
examples have led to the development of industries, urban, economy and human welfare.
The aim of this topic is to identify the problems which are in need use of water pump for
solution. The objectives of this topic are to convey the information behind how a water pump
contribute to the society and community and to understand the importance of water pumps to
the economy, human welfare, urban and industries.

2. PROBLEM STATEMENT
There are few problems arise related to easy and direct water supply. As such, the location is
remote for direct water supply, high ground location, supply of high volume of water in
industry and agriculture and flood management.

3. SOLUTION
Engineering technology is needed to be applied to solve the problems in supplying adequate
amount of water to a certain area. Therefore, the role of pumps is utilized to distribute water at
various residential, light commercial and agricultural jobs and especially in remote areas. A
water pump can move, compress and transfer water thus realizing the solution for the problems.

4. IMPACT OF THE SOLUTION ON THE COMMUNITY

Water is used on a daily basis in a human's life, it is used for domestic purposes, health purposes
all the way to industrial purposes. Water somehow connects us to everything that we do every
day, wherever there is work being done water indirectly makes its contribution to the
completion of the work. Using water is common today but the way how water was obtained
had evolved into a very advanced technology. It is commonly known that our ancestors dating
back to a million years ago were using buckets or any object that holds water and walked from
the water source to the place where it was needed. But that required too much time and hard
work. Hence humans being humans started thinking of an easier way to make water come to
us in a time of need. And that was how the idea of water pump was born.

The first water pump to be created dates back to 200 BC when Archimedes developed an
efficiently working water pump called Archimedean Screw Pump. Archimedean Screw Pump
was just a screw-shaped structure placed inside a pipe so that when it is rotated the screw-
shaped surface carries water upwards. Of course, water pumps have evolved a long way within
these years but the closer we look we find that the principles of an Archimedean Screw Pump
are what lies at the foundation of every pump created. The Archimedean Screw Pump is coined
as one of the greatest inventions of all time because of the effect it bought to the community.
An introduction to technology that can make work easier changed the way of life of the whole
community. Over the year water pumps have evolved into a more automatic technology which
does all the work without the guidance of the user or an expert. Today water pumps can be
found almost anywhere, if water pumps were not created back then, we would not even have
electricity in our homes today.

The community that had a significant impact due to the introduction of the water pumps is the
farming field. Long back before the use of water pumps a farmer had to water the plants
individually which when having a large volume of land might take days or even months, also
the farmers had to be very careful when watering because the moisture content should be of
the right amount to get the best yield. But today due to the power of water pumps no matter
how large the volume of the field is, watering can be done in minutes and all that is required is
electricity. This shows how engineering makes life easier.

Drought and poverty are one of the deadliest disasters that can have an immense effect on the
population. Drinking a glass of water is a trivial routine for many, but there are millions of
people around the world who find it difficult to acquire one glass of water. Research by
UNICEF states that 1 in 4 people around the world lacks access to uncontaminated water. For
almost 50 years, UNICEF has been working to promote the use of water pumps that meet the
needs of local communities. In 1974, UNICEF and the Government of India recognized the
need for a better hand pump than those available on the market. They were looking for an
inexpensive new pump that had a simple design and was easy to use and maintain. Water
scarcity is common even in places with adequate amounts of water. To address these issues
Between 2018 and 2021, UNICEF Supply Division procured almost 20,000 handpumps and
motorized pumps used to construct various safe water systems for communities, schools and
health facilities in 33 countries, most of them in Africa. This shows that engineering is crucial
to this world because the mere concept of moving water from lower ground to higher ground
can save millions of lives around the world.
5. IMPACT OF SOLUTION ON THE INDUSTRIES
A Water Pump is a machine used to move compress or transfer water. This function is what
every industry looks for. Water Pumps are very commonly found in industries due to their
aligned functions with the requirement of the industry. There are two types of water pumps
which have different functions they are Centrifugal Water Pumps and Positive Displacement
Water Pumps. Centrifugal Pumps are designed with rotating impellers that allow the supply of
water into the pump and force the discharge flow. Centrifugal Water Pumps are usually used
to pump water from larger water sources and increase water pressure in intake lines. They can
be useful in buildings as they support higher flow rates. Positive displacement pumps supply a
set amount of flow throughout the mechanical contraction and development of a stretchy
diaphragm. Positive displacement pumps are the pumps that are most preferred to use in
industries because of their ability to control high-viscosity fluids wherever responsive solids
may be there.

One of the most well-known uses for water pumps in industries is for cooling. Every machine
that runs in an industry needs a better cooling system to maintain the physical variables hence
resulting in better yield. Without a better cooling system, processor chips may get in scorching
temperatures enough to burn a place down and machines used in chemical processing industries
can affect the final product produced. Using water pump cooling has become a lot easier as
water pumps efficiently transfer cool water to the part of the machines that need to be cooled
down hence allowing the industries to get the best yield out of their machines.

A flood is the rising and overflowing of a body of water, especially onto normally dry land. A
flood can be a devastating disaster as it usually destroys streets and homes hence making it
hard for people to live. Before the use of water pumps whenever a flood strikes a place people
start making sand boulder that stops further water from entering which usually ends as a failure.
People have no other choice but to wait until all the water dries up which might take a very
long time. But with a genius invention called a water pump in our hand we can fight floods
easily; all we have to do is redirect all the water and pump it back into the water source. This
can get rid of the disaster in just days hence making our lives easier.

Water pumps also have significant use in the treatment of effluent and wastewater. Industries
may need uncontaminated and clean water to use in their processing in the industry. This is
made possible by water pumps as they allow the industry to easily extract water from the water
sources or water bodies which can then be treated in the industry to remove the impurities such
as algae’s, hence allowing better processing. Wastewater from industries can cause water
pollution in the places the wastewater is ejected from the factory. This issue is solved by
treating the wastewater and recycling it back into usable processed water. Water pumps are
required for the treatment of wastewater, hence avoiding pollution.

Water Pumps are also used as a cooling unit for solar panels hence increasing the efficiency of
the solar panels. This might allow solar panels to power large-scale industries, which means
solar panels have the ability to replace all traces of non-renewable energy sources that are used
to generate electricity.

6. CONCLUSION

In conclusion, water pumps are essential in solving the problems of supplying adequate amount
of water to a certain area. This can be proven by the impact of water pumps on the community
where not only it helps to move water supplies from one place to another with less energy and
less time needed , but also plays a major role in agricultures. Farmers can now save more time
and energy to water their plants according to its moisture content with the help of water pumps.
Furthermore, the impacts of water pumps on the industries can be seen where they are used as
cooling systems, stop flooding problems, treatment of water and also cooling unit for solar
panels. These solutions proved that water pumps can be used to transfer water to solve many
real life problems. Hence, the objectives of this report which are to convey the information
behind how a water pump contribute to the society and community and to understand the
importance of water pumps to the economy, human welfare, urban and industries has been
achieved and proven.

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