Lesson Plan

Lesson Plan
Subject: Science
Grade Level: 10
Grading Period: Third Grading
Content Standards:
The information stored in DNA as being used to make proteins
Learning Competencies:
Explain how protein is made using information from DNA [S10LT-IIId-37]
I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
a. Identify the key enzymes in DNA Replication and their functions.
b. Describe the process of DNA Replication.
c. Discuss the importance of DNA replication in how our body functions.
II. Content:
SUBJECT MATTER: DNA Replication
III. Learning Resources:

A. References: Science – Grade 10 Learner’s Material pages 268-271;
https://open.lib.umn.edu/humanbiology/chapter/6-3-dna-replication/
https://youtu.be/Qqe4thU-os8
B. Materials: PPT, Diagrams, Visual Aids
IV. Procedures
ELICIT Preliminary Activities

1. Prayer
- Assign one student to lead
2. Checking of Attendance
3. Recall
- Review of the previous lesson discussed
ENGAGE Review:
What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonucleic Acid
First let us recall the structure of DNA:
A DNA molecule is composed of two long strands, each of

which is made of building blocks called nucleotides bonded
together.
For our DNA, it is composed of three components: a phosphate

group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base.
 The sugar our DNA is called deoxyribose. This serves
as the backbone of our DNA long with the phosphate.
 Then we have the bases or nitrogenous bases of DNA.
o A, T C and G (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and
guanine)
As shown in the diagram, Adenine pairs up with Thymine, and

Cytosine with Guanine. They are complementary base pairs
 Take note however, that Adenine will ONLY pair
Thymine and Cytosine ONLY pair with Guanine.
The double-stranded molecule is twisted into a double helix

shape resembling a twisted ladder. Opposite strands run
antiparallel to each other, meaning that they run in opposite
directions. This ensures that the strands fit tightly together.
The class, grouped in
MOTIVATION pairs will answer the
Introduction to the topic said activity presented
Activity: Fill in the Blanks! in the PowerPoint
Presentation
Directions: Divide the class into pairs. Students will be
provided words that will be shown in the monitor. Their task is POLYMERASE
to work with their partner to form the corresponding words. HELICASE
(Activity time is 5 minutes) PRIMASE
P_LYM_R_SE LIGASE
HEL_C_S_ REPLICATION
PR_M_SE
L_GAS_
R_PL_C_TI_N
EXPLORE Knowing the Key Enzymes in DNA Replication
What is a DNA Polymerase?

 “The builder enzyme”
 The main function of DNA Polymerase is to duplicate
the existing DNA to build a new strand of DNA.
What is a Helicase?
 “The unzipping enzyme”
 The enzyme that is responsible for unwinding the
double-stranded DNA into single-stranded DNA
o The helicase unzips the DNA strand by breaking
through hydrogen bonds that holds the DNA
bases together
What is a Primase?
 “The initializer enzyme”
 Primase produces primers in order to help the DNA
Polymerase locate the strand of DNA it needs to work
on.
o Primers are short RNA sequences that serves as
a starting point in making DNA.
What is a Ligase?
 “The gluer enzyme” the DNA-joining enzyme.
 Ligase is responsible for joining two DNA
fragments together, hence the term “gluer”
 If two pieces of DNA have matching ends, ligase
can link them to form a single, unbroken molecule
of DNA
EXPLAIN Getting to Know DNA Replication
What is DNA Replication?
 DNA Replication is the process by which DNA makes a

copy of itself during cell-division.
o DNA is copied during the interphase prior to

mitosis and meiosis.
 The structure of the DNA provides a mechanism for

making accurate copies of the molecule.
o The existing DNA is used as a template for the
synthesis of new DNA strands.
o This makes sure that when DNA replicates, it
will be exactly the same as the original DNA
strand.
ELABORATE DNA Replication Process
What are the steps in DNA Replication?

- INITIATION
o The original DNA strands are being separated by the
DNA Helicase.
o The why shaped region where the strands are

separating is called the replication fork
 The moment the Helicase separates the
DNA, replication fork is formed.
 Replication fork is divided into two strands
 LEADING STRAND – replication
is in the same direction as the
original DNA
 LAGGING STRAND – replicated
in the opposite direction
- PRIMER BINDING
o Primase produces primers to set the starting point of
DNA Polymerase to begin the binding of nitrogen
bases.
 Primers are usually found where the DNA
Polymerase is also located.
- ELONGATION
o New nucleotides are added to the existing DNA
strand.
 After Primase adds primers, DNA
Polymerase adds more complementary base
pairs.
- TERMINATION
o The final step
o Enzyme called EXONUCLEASE will clear out
primers and “PROOFREAD” the new strands
created by DNA Polymerase
o Ligase will seal the DNA fragments in the lagging
strand.
The newly formed DNA strand is called SEMI- CONSERVATIVE.

Why?
- It is due to the fact that one of the old strands are paired up
and conserved in each newly created strand.
o The new DNA strands are ½ old DNA strand and
½ new.
Summary:
What are the main enzymes for DNA Replication?

 Polymerase
 Helicase
 Primase
 Ligase
 Exonuclease
What are the steps in DNA Replication?

- INITIATION
- PRIMER BINDING
- ELONGATION
- TERMINATION
Video Presentation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=Qqe4thU-os8&t=258s
The process of DNA

replication helps in the
inheritance process by
transfer of the genetic
material from one
generation to another.
Why do you think DNA replication is important? It is required for the

 The process of DNA replication helps in the inheritance growth, repair, and
process by transfer of the genetic material from one regeneration of tissues
generation to another. in living organisms.
 It is required for the growth, repair, and regeneration of
tissues in living organisms.
EVALUATE Analyze: Sequence the following steps of DNA replication

from first to last (1-4). Write your answers in 1/8 crosswise.
DNA Replication
__ A. Primase produce primers as markers for the DNA 2 A. Primase produce

Polymerase primers as markers for
__ B. Exonuclease proofreads the new DNA strands and the the DNA Polymerase
Ligase joins the DNA fragments together. 4 B. Exonuclease
__ C. DNA Polymerase adds the new DNA to the existing proofreads the new
DNA strand DNA strands and the
__ D. Helicase unzips the DNA strand. Ligase joins the DNA
fragments together.
3 C. DNA Polymerase
adds the new DNA to
the existing DNA
strand
1 D. Helicase unzips
the DNA strand.
EXTEND 1. Watch a video about DNA Replication and share what

you have learned next meeting
2. Do an advanced reading on the topic that will be

discussed.
Prepared by: Reviewed and Approved by:
Keziah Nicole A. Valenzuela Sheena Mae R. Lobaton

PRACTICE TEACHER COOPERATING TEACHER

Lesson Plan - DNA Replication (REVISED)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lesson Plan - DNA Replication (REVISED)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lesson Plan - DNA Replication (REVISED)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

III. Learning Resources:

ELICIT Preliminary Activities

A DNA molecule is composed of two long strands, each of

For our DNA, it is composed of three components: a phosphate

As shown in the diagram, Adenine pairs up with Thymine, and

The double-stranded molecule is twisted into a double helix

What is a DNA Polymerase?

EXPLAIN Getting to Know DNA Replication

What is DNA Replication?

 DNA Replication is the process by which DNA makes a

o DNA is copied during the interphase prior to

 The structure of the DNA provides a mechanism for

ELABORATE DNA Replication Process

What are the steps in DNA Replication?

o The why shaped region where the strands are

The newly formed DNA strand is called SEMI- CONSERVATIVE.

What are the main enzymes for DNA Replication?

What are the steps in DNA Replication?

Video Presentation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?

The process of DNA

Why do you think DNA replication is important? It is required for the

EVALUATE Analyze: Sequence the following steps of DNA replication

__ A. Primase produce primers as markers for the DNA 2 A. Primase produce

EXTEND 1. Watch a video about DNA Replication and share what

2. Do an advanced reading on the topic that will be

Prepared by: Reviewed and Approved by:

Keziah Nicole A. Valenzuela Sheena Mae R. Lobaton

You might also like