Transportation

Transportation, Communication and Trade Class 10
GSEB Notes Social Science Chapter 14

→ The process of going from one place to another is known as transportation.
→ The transportation has an important contribution in economic and physical

progress.
→ Due to transportation, the exchange of goods and people is made possible

and distant places can be linked through transportation.
1. Transportation
The types of transportation are affected by factors like location, climate, relief,
human population, etc.
→ Transportation is carried out by roads and railways in plains. In mountainous

regions, men and animals are used for transportation of goods.
→ During ascent to Everest, Bhotia people, who are better mountaineers, also
work as labourers to carry goods.
→ Camel is considered best for transportation in desert.
Roads and Land Transport
→ Roads were important in transportation since ancient times.
→ Most important characteristics of roads are the widespread field of their

services, safety of goods, economic time saving and cheap, etc.
→ The road system of India is third largest in the world after United States of
America and China.
Indian roadways are classified into five types:
 National Highway
 State Highway
 District Roads
 Village Roads
 Border Roads.
→ National Highway: The responsibility of the construction of national highways
rests with the central government. These roads also connect India with
neighbouring countries like Myanmar, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan and China.
→ National Highway No. 44. is the longest highway of the country and it extends
between Varanasi with Kanniyakumari.
→ The four metropolitan cities i.e. Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata are
interlinked by Golden Quadrilateral Highway system.
→ National Highways No. 27, 41, 47, 141, 147, etc. pass through Gujarat.
→ State Highway: Roads linking a state capital with different headquarters are
known as State Highways. These roads are constructed and maintained by the
State Government.
→ District Roads: These are maintained by district panchayats.
→ Village Roads: These roads are constructed by Gram Panchayat. Under

Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana, special provisions are made to improve
the village transportation.
→ Border Roads: Border road organization was established in 1960.
→ Expressways are also called Drut Gati Marg. Vehicles can be driven without
any obstruction on these highways of 4 to 6 lanes.
→ Ahemedabad-Vadodara Express Highway in Gujarat is an example of it. A toll

tax has to be paid for using this highway.
Traffic Problems
→ Overbridges, bypass roads and ring roads around the cities are constructed to
avoid the traffic problem in larger cities.
→ The urban roads cannot be widened compared to the increasing population and
increasing number of vehicles.
→ With increasing encroachments along the roads, traffic jam scenes have
become very common during peak hours in cities. Traffic jam is also caused due
to marriage processions, social processions, etc. Traffic rules
Railways:
→ Indian railway is the largest national institution. Indian Railway is the main
medium of transportation to co-operatre in the economic fields of India such as
agriculture, industries, trade service, etc.
→ It has a major contribution in national security, peace, management, to establish

cultural and geographical unity and to maintain it.
→ India ranks first in Asia and second in world in railways.
→ Progress of Railways First railway in India started in 1853 between Mumbai and
Thane. There are three types of railway in India. These are: Broad Gauge, Metre Gauge
and Narrow Gauge.
→ Indian Railway network is more dense in the states which have plain region,
dense population, industrial development, intensive agriculture and have rich
mineral fields. It is also useful for the speedy transfer of foodgrains, etc. during
drought.
→ Konkan Railways has provided a good example by laying down railway tracks through
Tunnels in the mountainous regions which were highly inaccessible.
→ The route between Dibrugadh and Kanniyakumari is the longest railway route in
India.
→ Ahmedabad is the biggest railway station in Gujarat.
→ Waterways: There are two types of waterways in India:
 Internal waterways
 Oceanic waterways.
→ West Bengal, Assam, Tamil Nadu and Bihar are important states as river
waterways. Steamers
and large boats use these permanent waterways.
→ To maintain the internal water transportation, the government has recognized

the following waterways:Transportation by river-canal
 National Waterway 1: Ganga River: Haldia-Allahabad 1620 km.

 National Waterway 2: Brahmaputra River: Dhubri-Sadia 891 km.
 National Waterway 3: West Coast Canal: Kollam-Kottapuram,
Udyogamandel and Champakkara Canals 205 km
 National Waterway 4: Godavari Krishna River: Kakinada-Puducherry 1078
km
 National Waterway 5: Brahamani River: Goenkhali- Talcher 588 km.
Oceanic waterways:
→ India has about 7516 km long coastline. There are 13 major and about 200
minor ports.
→ After shipping corporation of India was established, there has been much
development of national and international waterways.
→ Gujarat has got a long coastline of about 1600 km.
→ Kandla is the largest port of Gujarat.
→ Bhavnagar is the only port having automatic lock-gate system.
→ Porbander is a free port for the entire year.

→ Airways: It is the fastest, most comfortable and prestigious mode of
transport.
→ Airways are used to reach distant places, remote and dense forests and those
places which are not accessible easily by road.
→ Today Air India and other private companies provide air transportation
services.
→ Today we have 15 international, 87 domestic, and 25 civilian airport terminals.
→ Pawanhans Helicopters provides helicopter services to ONGC and to

government.
Pipelines:
 It is used to transport liquid material such as water, mineral oil, natural gas
and other liquids.
 An oil pipeline exists between NaharKatia to Mathura, Kalol to Koyali in
Gujarat and from Salaya to Mathura.
 A pipeline has been installed from Bombay High upto Mumbai coast.
 In Gujarat, natural gas is transported through pipeline to Khambhat-
Dhuvaran-Koyali- Ahmedabad.
Ropeways:
In mountainous regions, the summits are connected by ropeway to transport
goods and passengers. There are about 100 ropeways in India.
2. Communication
 The arrangement to send or to collect information from one place to

another is called Communication.
 The communication proved extremely useful in routine life for relief and
rescue works at the time of natural disasters like flood, drought, cyclone,
tsunami, etc.
 The communication system plays an important role in the economic, social
and cultural progress and for maintaining national integration and unity.
• Communication can be divided into two parts:
1. Individual communication system

2. Mass communication system
(1) Individual communication system: Internet and smart phones are the
effective among individual communication system, e-mail, E-commerce,
exchange of currency, etc. have become very fast due to internet.
(2) Mass communication system: There are two mediums in mass

communication system:
 Print Media which includes newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, etc.

 Electronic media which includes Akashwani (radio) and Doordarshan
(television) etc.
(i) Prasar Bharti is the autonomus body for transmissions in the country. Its two
deivisions are Akashwani and Doordashan.
(ii) There are about 415 radio stations in the country today. It broadcasts
programmes in 23 languages.
Satellite Communication The Indian National Satellite (INSAT) launched by

India are multi-purpose systems, which is helpful to Doordashan for the forecast
of weather, cyclone and thunderstorms, warning for disasters, research and other
telecasts.
3. Trade
→ There are two types of trade systems in the country:
 Internal trade
 International trade.
→ Internal Trade: The commodities available in excessive quantity of one state is
transported to another state and vice versa. This is known as internal trade.
→ International Trade: The system in which different countries of the world
export and import their requirements, can be called international trade.
→ India imports iron, copper, petroleum, mineral oil, lubricants machines, perils,
gemstones, edible oils, etc.
→ Indian export includes iron ore and minerals, goods such as bicycles, fans,
sewing machines, cars, railway coaches, computer software, etc.

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Transportation, Communication and Trade Class 10

GSEB Notes Social Science Chapter 14

→ The transportation has an important contribution in economic and physical

→ Due to transportation, the exchange of goods and people is made possible

→ Transportation is carried out by roads and railways in plains. In mountainous

→ Camel is considered best for transportation in desert.

Roads and Land Transport

→ Roads were important in transportation since ancient times.

→ Most important characteristics of roads are the widespread field of their

→ District Roads: These are maintained by district panchayats.

→ Village Roads: These roads are constructed by Gram Panchayat. Under

→ Border Roads: Border road organization was established in 1960.

→ Ahemedabad-Vadodara Express Highway in Gujarat is an example of it. A toll

→ It has a major contribution in national security, peace, management, to establish

→ India ranks first in Asia and second in world in railways.

→ Waterways: There are two types of waterways in India:

→ To maintain the internal water transportation, the government has recognized

 National Waterway 1: Ganga River: Haldia-Allahabad 1620 km.

→ Gujarat has got a long coastline of about 1600 km.

→ Kandla is the largest port of Gujarat.

→ Bhavnagar is the only port having automatic lock-gate system.

→ Porbander is a free port for the entire year.

→ Today we have 15 international, 87 domestic, and 25 civilian airport terminals.

→ Pawanhans Helicopters provides helicopter services to ONGC and to

 The arrangement to send or to collect information from one place to

• Communication can be divided into two parts:

1. Individual communication system

(2) Mass communication system: There are two mediums in mass

 Print Media which includes newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, etc.

Satellite Communication The Indian National Satellite (INSAT) launched by

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