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HUMMS - Creative Non-Fiction
Module 1
First Edition, 2020

Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Abelardo J. Caplis

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos, Jr., P II

Management Team:

ATTY. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Belen C. Aquino, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of English
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II
Creative Non-Fiction
Module 1
 Target

The need to understand the conventions of traditional literary genres such

as fiction, poetry, drama and other forms including their elements and techniques
of writing is essential for reading and for thinking critically and creatively. These
conventions are sometimes called as “codes”. Being able to understand these codes
will be a jumpstart or springboard toward understanding all other forms or genres
of text. Crucial to reading and thinking is the considerable study on the techniques
and themes used in a particular text.

You might have encountered and learned from your previous literature class
the common conventions of literary genres (codes) which definitely refer to
elements, themes, techniques and devices used in a text. That is great! You will
need that knowledge or learning in order to attain the competencies required for
you in this module.

This section provides you content knowledge, exercises and activities so you
could analyze and interpret the theme and techniques used in a particular text.

At the end of your journey in this module, you are expected to:
1. Analyze the theme and techniques used in a particular text.

2. Interpret the theme and techniques used in a particular text.

I know that you are very eager to know about themes and
techniques used in different texts. Relax! We will get there! For you
to smoothly and easily analyze and interpret the themes and
techniques later, have a little refresher about the genres and
elements of literary texts, as reviewing them will form part of
analyzing and interpreting themes and techniques, which is the
focal competencies of this module.

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 MODULE ANALYZING TECHNIQUES &
1 INTERPRETING THEMES
From your previous classes in literature, you learned about the main
divisions of literature which are prose and the poetry. Prose is divided into two: the
fiction and the non-fiction. Both have their common and distinct elements and
types. Below are information about the genres (focusing more on non-fiction
accounts and the meaning of creative non-fiction) which will serve as your refresher
so you could be able to perform all the exercises and activities in this module. Have
time to study them.

About Fiction and Non-fiction Kinds of Fiction and Non-fiction

Fiction Non-fiction Most Common Genres
Features Features Fiction Non-fiction
 Imaginary  Real fables, folktales, biography
 Characters -People fairytales
-People -Events fantasy, mystery autobiography
-Animals -Ideas myth, legend newspaper article
-Objects  Fact historical fiction essay
 Plot  Organization realistic fiction documentary
-Setting Style drama, poetry speeches, diaries,
-Conflict letters
-Resolution science fiction informational
Theme

The Elements of Fiction Creative non-fiction is a genre of writing

There are eight elements of fiction that utilizes the elements and styles of
 nd structure writing fiction to artistically and
aesthetically express, inform and

persuade others about facts and true life
 accounts.






What is Non-fiction?

 Non-fiction pieces are based on facts and author’s opinions about a subject.
 Non-fiction could be biographies, articles from textbooks, newspaper and
magazine articles.
 The purpose of non-fiction writing is to inform and sometimes persuade.

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 Jumpstart

Did you have enough review about the genres of literary text focusing more
on the kinds of non-fiction and the meaning of creative non-fiction? Very good! That
is crucial since you will proceed to an activity that will introduce you to the main
topics of this module. Are you ready for the motivation activity on the next page?
There are two sets of motivation activity waiting for you! Well, you are! That’s the
spirit! Let’s do it!

ACTIVITY 1: Read Me! Analyze Me! Answer Me!

Directions: Read and analyze the “direct statements” below. Identify the style or
technique used through the underlined and italicized portions, phrases or words.
Choose your answer on the pool of words provided. Write your answer in the box at
the right side.
1. “The flower that I cherished for six summers, the
flower- so lovely and fragrant is just a dream now. I
woke up one day and everything is a question as to
why the flower went away.
2. “I cried a river when my favorite cat died. Muning is my
favorite pet. We spent four years together and I can’t
imagine life without her.”
3. “Being in love is like heaven. It is a feeling that is
incomparable among other feelings or emotions. To be
in love is like a rainbow, full of colors, full of joy!”
4. “She looked at me with wonder and amazement. I know
deep down in her minds she wants to ask me if I truly
did the things. I know in her heart that she might not
believe everything I said. Well, she needs to because
this is the new version of me.”
5. “She has a long shiny black hair with chinky eyes and
an aquiline nose. Her eyelashes are long and curly like
that of Cleopatra. Her pouting lips are small, pinkish
in color and it seems inviting. Her body is like that of
Angel Locsin and her smile makes my heart so
delighted like the angelic smile of Marian Rivera.”
6. “Sheila, see? Sally sells seashells by the seashore! She
7. “The silence is deafening me. His looks blind me. He
does not even say any single word. I know he figured
out everything. His fully zipped mouth is so loud that it
may explode anytime. I feel different. I feel terrified.”

Choose your answer in the box.

Oxymoron Repetition Imagery Point of View Simile Hyperbole Symbolism

A

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Directions: Read and analyze the “direct statements” below. Identify the one-word
idea or message (subject or topic) of the statements by choosing your answer on the
pool of words provided. Write your answer in the box at the right side.
1. “We struggled a lot like a stray dog, with no permanent
home, no refuge. We have no food to eat, not even a
single penny. We drink water from the muddy lake,
tastes like a rusting iron.”
2. “I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I
have kept the faith. Now there is in store for me the
crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous
Judge, will award to me on that day.”

3. “I have no choice but to save the child though I know

my life will be at risk. I just feel it’s my duty to help
those who are in need. I never regret I broke my arm,
at least a life was saved and God used me as His
instrument.”
4. “I don’t feel like to be her friend. She’s a highlander.
She looks like my old shoes, out of the trend. I couldn’t
imagine her style of clothing still exist this era. Oh my
gosh! Is everything fine? Is the world okay?”

5. “I think good things will come to those who patiently

wait. I also look into the beauty of each human being
regardless of their culture, status and backgrounds.
Lastly, I believe that everyone can change when they
see inspiration whether it’s spiritual, physical, moral or
emotional.”

6. “In the fell clutch of circumstances, I have not winced

nor cried aloud. Under the bludgeonings of chance, my
head is bloody but unbowed. Beyond this place of
wrath and tears, looms but the horror of the shade.
And yet, the menace of the years, finds and shall find
me unafraid.”

7. “Lord, please cleanse away my soul. I know that I sin

oftentimes and that I am a human with many
inequities. I know that I sometimes commit sin against
your will. Sometimes I cannot control and tell myself to
do the right thing. I ask for your forgiveness and hope
to remind me always of my promise.”

Choose your answer in the box.

Piousness Courage Poverty Farewell Prejudice Heroism Positivity

How many correct responses did you answer? What have you observed from
the two activities? What do you think is the connection of these activities with the
lesson that we will discover in this module?

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 Discover

Do you have a preliminary answer to the question of the teacher in the chat
box on the previous page? What then is the connection of activity 1 and 2 with the
lesson that you will discover in this module? That, you will find out later. Are you
ready? Read the following discussions below and discover the topics in this module.

You have learned that there are specific differences of a total fiction text and
a creative non-fiction text. Some of these are the elements, styles and techniques.
However, there are also similarities underlying between the two. Some of these are
the themes, tone, mood, point of view and some other styles and techniques
present in fictional accounts.
Creative non-fiction texts are true accounts while utilizing some of the
techniques and styles of fiction. Creativity includes the use of literary devices which
can be divided into two: literary techniques (which include the use of figurative
language) and literary elements (which include the theme). In this module, you will
discover and analyze the techniques and themes used in creative non-fiction texts.
Literary Techniques are specific, deliberate construction and use of
language to convey meaning. Oftentimes, these techniques are indirectly or
implicitly used in a text. Sometimes, readers experience difficulty in figuring out
the intended meaning because of these techniques. Unlike literary texts,
techniques are not necessarily present in all texts. However, creative non-fiction
texts utilize techniques commonly used in literary texts as part of art and aesthetic
aspect of writing. Sometimes, these techniques are used in free and formal and
informative and narrative essays.
Some of these techniques are the inclusion of figures of speech, dialogue,
imagery, kenning, symbolism, parallelism, foreshadowing, flashback, approach to
events such as deductive or inductive, employment of sounds, choice of word, humor,
representation, and form of writing and more others.
The direct statements (items) from activity 1 utilized techniques which make
the whole discourse creative and figurative. The items in activity 1 used symbolism,
figurative language, point of view, alliteration and imagery. These are called
techniques employed in writing and could possibly be used also in speaking.
On the other hand, theme refers to the central idea, subject, topic or
message of the text. Oftentimes, a narrative text, poetry and literary texts have
themes. Themes are the overall idea or message conveyed in the text. It is an

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underlying belief and outlook of the author about life inside and outside him. It is
often universal. Universality means true to all- felt and experienced by all.
Some of the examples of themes are love, power, corruption, courage,
excellence, prejudice, discrimination, good versus evil, heroism, beauty,
nationalism, patriotism, positivity, poverty, piousness or religiosity, survival and
many more.
If you have noticed, activity 2 showed the themes used in the items but it
only utilized direct statements. However, based from the direct statements, it can
be noted that themes can be identified easily by feeling their contents.
Thus, the task of this module is for you to analyze the techniques and
interpret the themes in a text. For you to do it, you should at least have the
following competencies: (1) You can read text at least in a comprehension,
interpretive and critical level; (2) You should have knowledge about literary
techniques, elements forms and types; (3) You have the skill to relate experiences to
the text or vise versa; and (4) You love reading and learning. If you have all of these,
then I believe you could do better than expected!
To better facilitate your understanding about techniques and themes used in
a text, figure 2 below is presented. Have at least a little research about the literary
techniques and themes.

LITERARY TECHNIQUE THEME

It refers to a specific, It refers to the central
deliberate construction and use idea, message or subject the text
of language to convey meaning. It want to convey. It is a revolving
is an artistic and an aesthetics idea althroughout the text
way of writing texts. conveyed through significant
events, elements and techniques.

Figure 2

LITERARY TECHNIQUES THEMES

1. figures of speech 8. sound 1. love 8. poverty
2. symbolism 9. humor 2. heroism 9. positivity
3. representations 10. choice of 3. courage 10. piousness
4. kenning word 4. power 11. religiosity
5. parallelism 11. arrangement 5. corruption 12. deaths
6. imagery 6. friendship
7. survival

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Figure 3 below shows how to analyze techniques and interpret themes used in a
text.
How to analyze techniques and interpret themes used in a text?

have enough have

knowledge or comprehension,
mastery about interpretive and
literary techniques critical level of
and themes reading

know how to relate

experiences to the
loves reading and
text or vise versa
learning

Figure 3

I guess that the meaning of literary technique and themes plus the
examples provided are enough for you to analyze techniques and themes used in a
text. Are you ready for the next stage? Let’s explore it!

Explore

Directions: Read, analyze and enjoy a true-to-life narrative text taken from one of
the best stories of True Accounts written by TIF Marcelo via Facebook and
Instagram. This story is inspired by his friend named Sha.

The Diary of the Girl

Dear Diary,

It was a very cold winter when the breath of the light of home was taken
back by the Giver of life. I was out in the dark during that time. The moon keeps on
smiling but suddenly it cried. I have cried out so loud from the envelope of love and
caress. At the same time, the deafening silence of the great woman cornered the
four sides of the white room. Together with the men and women in white, is the
pillar of home. Yes, he was left alone, just with me, with that day of tears, sorrow
and melancholy.
But he, knowing I am the cause of the decease of his dearly love, his flower
of delight since high school of loyalty and honesty, with love and tenderness, with
sacrifice and devotion, he poses that smile of inspiring and motivating love as I was
going out of the school. It seems he always misses me after eight hours stay inside
that highly-cost home of human knowledge and wisdom. He holds and carries me
in his strong arms as he turns me once or twice around. He kisses me with his
beard that tickles my thin skin. But the feeling is different. I love it.

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 Yes, he was left alone with only a piece of land inherited from his deceased
parents (which was sold when I was out to light) since my mom’s family defied him
for his indigence and misfortune. He was alone. He works nine or ten hours a day
in that factory of not-so-popular cloth trade. His pay is just a little. However, his
money is like abundant leaves. I was wondering how he pays our rent, our water,
our food, my ice cream, my Barbie, my tiny thick uniform, my candies, my
chocolates and my pretty toys.
Sometimes, I ask the air, “Where on earth my dad get lots of money?” Isn’t it
surprising? Yes it is. It is really surprising that my dad pretends to be happy
though I am the cause of his heartaches when mom died. Yes he is rich because he
pretends to be someone because he wants me to be happy at all times. He pretends
not to be tired because he wants me to be good at school. He makes me laugh
because he does not want me to be lonely. And most of all, he wants me to smile
because when I do, his pain will go away. Sometimes, he holds his stomach. I know
it is empty for the whole day. How I wish that time must fly so fast so I could
accompany him to bear his burdens.
I knew it then. I knew that his joy is me. He sacrifices, he lies and he
pretends because I am the only fruit of his sweet long love from the great woman
whom I owe my life- my mom. How touching for a little girl like me with five and
four years in this world! Though innocent, I feel the warm caress and tender touch,
sweetest smile and eyes so bright of my dad.
This is Sharina, leaving you of the greetings, “Happy Father’s Day! Love your
dad unconditionally!”

Activity 3: I need your basic comprehension! Read and answer me!

Directions: Read the questions below and choose the correct answer from the
given choices by encircling the letter of your choice.
1. What point of view was used in the text?
A. First Person B. Omniscient C. Second Person
2. What does the persona refer to as the “light of home”?
A. Father B. Mother C. Self
3. What happened during that cold winter as stated in the introduction part of the
text?
A. The mother died. B. The father left. C. The baby died.
4. What does the persona refer to as the “envelope of love and caress”?
A. loving hands of the father B. the warm look of the mother
C. the womb of the mother
5. How will you describe the tone of the opening or introduction part?
A. Happiness B. Excitement C. Sadness
6. How does the persona describe the light of home?
A. Courageous B. Great C. Weak
7. What does the persona mean when she said “home of human knowledge and
wisdom”?
A. Family B. Hospital C. School
8. What particular annual celebration was the letter written?
A. Christmas Program B. Mother’s Day
C. Father’s Day
9. Why does the father pretend to be someone else?
A. He does not want his daughter to see his struggles.
B. He wants to retain in his daughter’s mind that they are rich.
C. He loves his daughter that he provides everything and he does not
want his daughter to see him struggling.

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10. Why did the author write this true account?
A. to inspire people to be better on their studies
B. to persuade readers to love, respect and appreciate their fathers
C. to emphasize the greater value of loving mothers who bear a baby
and sacrifice her life

Activity 4: I need your higher level of comprehension! Read and answer me!
Directions: Read and answer the questions below. Identify what is asked for each
item. Choose the correct answer from the given choices in the box provided below.

Apostrophe Kenning Father Gender/Masculine Symbolism

Oxymoron Simile Narrative Personification God

_____________1. What does the writer refer to when he said, “Giver of Life”?
_____________2. What does the writer refer to when he said, “Pillar of Home”?
_____________3. What figure of speech is used with the statement,
“His money is like abundant leaves.”?
_____________4. What figure of speech is used in the statement,
I ask the air, “Where on earth my dad get lots of money?”
_____________5. What does the word flower symbolize from the statement,
“I am the cause of the decease of his dearly love, his flower
of delight.”?
_____________6. What figure of speech is used in the statement, “The moon
kept on smiling but suddenly it cried.”?
_____________7. What Archaic Style is used in writing the text?
_____________8. What technical approach is used to conceptualize the story?
_____________9. What figure of speech is used in the statement, “The
deafening silence of the great woman cornered the four sides
of the white room.”?
____________10. What type of text is “The Diary of the Girl?

Hello!? How did you find Activity 3 and 4? These activities assess your basic
and critical comprehension about the text and how the text was written by the
writer. The said activities are focused on the techniques of writing. I hope you see
these features during your reading and activities.

ACTIVITY 5. Look at the bigger picture of ideas and messages!

Directions: There is one main theme or central idea of the narrative text aside from
the other minor themes. Arrange the four themes according to how they are
highlighted or emphasized in the narrative. Fill in the blanks with themes in
accordance to what is asked. Choose your answer from the box provided.

1. Main Theme: _____________________

Love, Respect & Appreciation
2. 1st Minor Theme: _____________________ Poverty & Survival
3. 2nd Minor Theme: _______________________ Happiness & Satisfaction
4. 3rd Minor Theme: __________________________ Death & Farewell

Important Points to Remember

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 Did you have wider and deeper understanding now about techniques and
themes used in a text? The true- to-life narrative you just read is an example of
creative non-fiction. It is non-fiction because it is based from true story of people
where it became creative because it utilized the techniques and elements of
fictional accounts. However, the focus of this module is for you to analyze
techniques and interpret theme/s in a text.
The Diary of a Girl is a narrative true-to-life story of Sha, the writer’s friend.
From the construction of the story, it can be noted that an archaic style called
KENNING was utilized. This is an old conventional styles of naming terms and
words such as home of knowledge and wisdom for school, Giver of Life for God and
the others.
Moreover, figures of speech such as the choices in activity 3 and 4, are also
utilized. The story is constructed using a first person point of view with a
melancholic or dramatic beginning.
Lastly, the theme can be determined easily based from the common
knowledge and plot of the story.

Let us dig a deeper understanding on techniques and themes by

providing you a text to read, understand and analyze. Then, do the activities
that follow on the next pages.

Deepen

Directions: Read, comprehend and analyze the text below. Then do

the activities that follow.

The Truth About Filipino Old Timers

Cecilia Manguerra Brainard

The very first O.T. (Filipino Old Timer) I heard about was the man who
returned to Cebu to marry my mother’s friend, a spinster advanced in years.
During afternoon meriendas, I overheard the development of this alliance.
A crusty lady set in her ways, my mother’s friend refused to migrate to
America and the newlyweds lived in her seaside town. It was a poor place which
relied only on the sea’s yield and he quickly grew sick of eating fish and rice. He
longed for steaks, broccoli, and asparagus; he wanted them both to go to the
United States. She adamantly said no and finally he returned to America alone.
I got the idea that O.T.’s were displaced human beings after seeing another
O.T. in a travel agency. A quiet man with skin like stretched leather, he stood
solemnly while his relatives made arrangements for his quick return to the U.S. His
children had bought him a round-trip ticket from the U.S. to the Philippines and
back. He had not been home in over forty years; it had been his dream to return.
But after just a few days in his hometown, he became very unhappy and wanted to
leave.
When I was a graduate student at UCLA, I became scared when an O.T.
began trailing me. I was shopping in Westwood Village, and later he even rode my

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bus. I managed to lose him, but I sometimes wondered why he did that. That
summer when I lived with my friend and her uncle, an O.T. – the one married to an
ex-nun – I was also puzzled when he followed my friend and me everywhere. I
would discover years later that these men, who had generally been isolated from
Filipino women, took pleasure in just looking at and being with Filipinas.
After seeing more of California, I made a mental picture of where these Old
Timers worked – on the farms of Salinas; in the canneries of Monterey, perhaps in
the Portola Sardine Factory. I imagined Temple Street before the freeways, the
raunchy bars and restaurants where they hung out. I knew there were few places
where these men could socialize in during the 1940s. Sometime, somewhere, I had
seen a poster saying: No Dogs and No Filipinos Allowed.
I created a stereotype of them, and I pitied these old men who had labored
under California’s scorching sun, who were not allowed to marry white women, who
had only one another and their card games and their whisky.
It was Tony who wrecked this mental picture.
My husband, son, and I used to live in an apartment in Los Angeles, where
Tony, an O.T., lived in one of the downstairs apartments. I felt sorry for Tony. He
was a small man who wore floppy fedoras, loose coats and baggy pants. I compared
him with the elderly in the Philippines who were surrounded by abundant children
and grandchildren. I remembered having to kiss the hands of my grandfather and
granduncles to greet them. I projected everything I knew about O.T.’s on Tony and I
almost wept when I told my husband about him.
My husband said Tony seemed fine, that he had seen him exit from a bar
down the street. Of course, I retorted, the poor man is so miserable, he’s driven to
drink. I adopted Tony as a mental relative of sorts; after all, we were both strangers
in a strange land.
I never spoke to him because he was a very private man who came and
went without any fuss. There were, however, occasional strange sounds that came
from his apartment. Once, on the way to the laundry room, I walked by his
bathroom and heard what seemed to be an animal in great agony. I thought
nothing of it.
When Christmas came, I gave him a box of See’s candies. “I thought you’re
Vietnamese married to a G.I.,” he said. The very next day he came knocking and
handed me a larger box of See’s candies with an enormous red bow and plastic
flowers. He didn’t say anything; he just gave me the box and left.
As the months passed, Tony continued coming and going as before, and I
continued entertaining this vision of him as a pathetic old man. But in the
summer, I had to change my view of Tony and about O.T.’s in general.
One night there was a terrible commotion from Tony’s apartment. My
husband and I peeped out our window and saw the manager with two policemen in
front of Tony’s place. I was sure they had found him dead or hurt.
In the morning we hurried to the manager to find out what had happened.
“Oh,” she said – she was a German lady, large with red hair—“nothing to worry
about. This happened before.” Our eyebrows shot up questioningly and she
explained that Tony had girlfriends who sometimes moved into his apartment. “The
giggling and goings-on coming from that place!” she added. Tony apparently wanted
his current girlfriend to move out but she refused, thus the hassle.
It took me a while to absorb her words. My husband laughed but I stood
there thoroughly puzzled. I had all these ideas about Old Timers, about Tony, I had
to rethink things.
Now when I see Old Timers huddled over their card games, my first instinct
is still a wave of sympathy, but I just think of Tony and I chuckle and wish them a
good hand.

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ACTIVITY 6: Analyze the Techniques and Interpret the Theme
Directions: Answer the following questions. These questions will serve as your
guide in writing your analysis of the techniques used and the interpretation of the
theme in activity 7.

1. What does O.T’s (Filipino Old Timers) mean based from the text?
2. Read the second paragraph. How did the writer characterize the man (he)?
3. Is there an imagery used in the text? Enumerate some.
4. The word meriendas is used in the text. What do you call this choice of word by
the writer?
5. What was the first impression of the persona about Filipino Old Timers?
6. Does this impression change based on the events of the story? What literary
technique is used in this part?
7. Quoted speech is employed in the text. What do you call this technique?
8. Is there a flashback employed in writing? Cite it.
9. What kind of text is “The Truth About Filipino Old Timers”?
10. What character of Filipino old timers is shown in the story?
11. Enumerate the main and minor themes of the story.

ACTIVITY 7: Write your analysis and interpretation!

Directions: After reading the text, write your simple, yet comprehensive analysis of
the techniques used and interpret the theme in the story. Your answer should be
two consecutive paragraphs. Each paragraph should contain 7-10 sentences. The
first paragraph should discuss first your analysis on the techniques used and the
second paragraph should compose your analysis on the theme. Be guided with the
given rubrics in writing your analysis and interpretation.
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________

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RUBRIC (Evaluation Criteria in Writing the Analysis and Interpretation)

Criteria 10 8 6 4 2
(Excellent) (Very Good) (Good) (Fair) (Poor)
The The
Content The The substance is substance
(relevance of substance substance The substance not relevant written
the substance is perfectly is relevant is relevant but and needs cannot be
to the relevant but with with noticeable to include understood
questions or with the little numbers of few and needs
task) question or missed inconsistencies. contents. to include
task. discussion. almost all
content
needed.
Statements Statements Almost all
Unity Statements constructed Statements constructed of the
(supports only constructed supports constructed do not statements
one central support only one supports only support the written
idea for each only one central idea one central central idea does not
paragraph) central but with idea but with and few support
idea. minimal few unwanted sentences the central
unwanted sentences. are idea of the
sentences. unwanted. paragraph.
Coherence Sentences
(connectedness Sentences within the Sentences Sentences Almost all
and within the paragraph within the within the sentences
relatedness of paragraph are related paragraph are paragraph are not
statements are with each somehow have coherent
within the perfectly other but related with considerable with each
paragraph) related with with each other but number of other.
each other. minimal few statements incoherence.
illogical are illogical.
statements.
Correctness
(grammar, Mechanics Mechanics Mechanics Almost all
paragraphing, are are correct Mechanics are are with of the
punctuation perfectly but with with few errors. more and mechanics
mark, correct. minimal considerable are
indention, errors. errors. incorrect
spelling, etc.) or
erroneous.

Creativity The style, The style, The style There is no

(uniqueness technique technique The style, and sense of
and and attack and attack technique and technique of creativity
innovativeness is very is unique attack is a little writing employed
of writing) unique and and bit unique and needs few in writing.
very innovative. innovative. innovations.
innovative.
Positive Feedbacks: Recommendations:
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.

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 Gauge

Let us measure or assess what you have learned from this module!
Are you ready for the test?

Directions: Read and analyze the questions below. Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write the letter of your choice on the space provided before the item.

___1. Which of the following ideas refers to the specific and deliberate use of
language to convey meaning and is considered as a device?
A. Literary Device B. Literary Technique C. Poetic License
___2. What is the central idea or message which the story or text
revolves in?
A. Character B. Point of View C. Theme
___3. The use of quoted speech or direct statements in the text is an
example of literary technique. What specific literary technique is this?
A. Conversation B. Dialogue C. Foreshadowing
___4. Which of the following items does NOT belong to the group?
A. Characters B. Figures of Speech C. Symbolism
___5. Which of the following items does NOT belong to the group?
A. Love B. Heroism C. Flashback
___6. What is the basic pre-requisite of analyzing techniques used in a text?
A. considerable comprehension level
B. knowledge about literary techniques
C. both A and B
___7. What aspect is deemed necessary in order for the reader to connect
and relate with the text?
A. Experience B. Knowledge C. Love for Reading
___8. Why do writers use figurative language as one of the techniques in
writing a text?
A. It is for the purpose of art and aesthetics.
B. It makes conveyance of meaning more understandable.
C. It functions as the other way of expression to impress
readers.
___9. What literary technique is employed when you encounter statements
in a text such as, I remember one occasion in the year 2018, during
Christmas eve…?
A. Flashback B. Foreshadowing C. Representation
___10. What literary technique is employed when you encounter statements
in a text such as, This house if shall pass will be fruitful ‘til the end of
its might…?
A. Dialogue B. Parallelism C. Symbolism
___11. “I see all his stars- his stars of success!” What figure of speech is used
in this statement if the star is used to replace potentials?
A. Metaphor B. Metonymy C. Synecdoche
___12. “I experience a lot of heartaches from the community I belong. Because
I am a black man, I was rejected by few if not some.” If this statement
is part of the text, what is its theme?
A. Discrimination B. Poverty C. Religiosity

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___13. “I know that today, you will rock it on! You will definitely get a high
score in your exams! Why? Because you are great and mommy too!
Good luck baby!” If this statement is part if the text, what is its
theme?
A. Love and support of a Mother B. The Power of Optimism
C. The Importance of Love and Care
___14. Which of the following statements best shows Heroism as a theme?
A. I never thought I could do that. I ran away from the killer!
B. To save one’s life is not a choice. It is a duty to God and to
fellowmen. I saved the boy even if I risk my life.
C. Looking back to our life status before, we are compared to a
stray dog with no permanent refuge, no food to eat, no any
single penny and no one dares to lend us a helping hand.
___15. A theme is not only limited to one word or phrases. It could also be a
complete statement, universal and debatable. Which of the given
themes passes this standard?
A. Money is the root of all evil.
B. Life in America is not at all a bed of roses.
C. God is supreme and the greatest of all who came from
nowhere.

Congratulations for accomplishing all the activities and exercises in this

module! I hope you learned a lot from analyzing literary techniques and
interpreting themes.

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REFERENCES

Printed Materials

Abelos, A & Co. (2007). Philippine literature: Rediscovering our regional heritage.
Mutya Publishing, Inc. : Malabon City, Metro Manila, Philippines.

Arciaga, M., Azarcon T. & Ceniza E. (2014). Literatures of the Philippines (Literature
1). Saint Louis University, Baguio City (for private use only).

Dayagbil F., Abao E. & Bacus R. (2016). Critical Reading and Writing for the Senior
High School. Lorimar Publishing Inc. : Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines.

Littell, M. & Co. (2008). Literature- Britain Literature. Houghton Mifflin Company.
Britain.

Mamaril G. & Co. (2011). Developmental reading 1 Coursebook. Trinitas Publishing,

Inc.: Meycuayan, Bulacan, Phlippines.

Most Essential Learning Competencies- Regional Initiated. MELC #1- Code-

HUMSS_CNF11/12-Ia-3

Senior High School Curriculum Guide. Creative Non-Fiction- Learning Competency

#3- Code-HUMSS_CNF11/12-Ia-3

Torres, M. M. (1997). Moving ahead in English II. FNB Educational Inc. : Quezon
City, Phillpines.

Uychoco, M. (2015). 21st century literature in Philippines and in the world. Rex
Bookstore Inc.: Manila, Philippines.

Websites

Coconi, Angeliki (2017). What is the difference between literary techniques and
elements?. https://penandthepad.com/difference-between-literary-elements-
devices-8602539.html

Literary Devices, Elements & Techniques. www.rhinebeckcsd.org › moxiemanager ›

data › files

MasterClass (2019). 22 Essential literary devices and how to use them in your
writing. https://www.masterclass.com/articles/22-essential-literary-devices#quiz-
0

Pope, Bella Rose (2019). Literary Devices: 15 Literary Elements With Examples &
Tips to Use Them. https://self-publishingschool.com/literary-devices/

TIF Marcelo (2018). The diary of a girl. True Accounts.

www.facebook.com/trueaccouns/tifmarcelo/123-series 9.

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