BritishConquest HyderabadCarnaticAwadhBengalMysore

History by Pratik Nayak-PNLIVE
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Modern History-
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18th Century India- British Conquest over Hyderabad,
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Carnatic, Awadh, Bengal, Mysore

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Pratik Nayak
Educator- History, Art & Culture
BE Civil, M. Planning (CEPT University)
Worked at Govt. of Gujarat
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MODERN INDIAN HISTORY
Q. How the British conquest took place?

केक कटे गा सबमे ऐसा कै से
बाटे गा
Europeans Princely states
Later Mughals MysoreMarathas

Bengal Deccan Awadh Sikh
Others (Delhi)
Portuguese Dutch French
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1612 1759 1760
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UNDERSTANDING THEMATICALLY
by
1192
Delhi
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Entry of Europeans
1526 Sultanate
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Establishment of Empire
to
1707 Mughals
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The rise of the Struggle for

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Marathas European Feudal States

1761 (1628-58, 1707-1761) Supremacy
The British
Conquest of India
1857 Political Integration
Indian Responseà Age of

1900 Revolts & Enlightenment
1947 Freedom Struggle
2022 We the People of India Indian Nation
Phases of
British
Conquest
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Bhai….other Europeans
Sil…Sil….what was the came in the early part of
contemporary 17th Century & Mughals
condition…when other were expanding till 18th
Europeans entered & Century lets' see that
Mughals were ruling at
that time
- Entry of Europeans
- Portuguese (1498)
- Dutch (1605)
- English (1608)
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- French (1668)
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a tik
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(II) The rise & fall of Mughals- Advantage for the EIC
by
1192 1526 2022

1707 1761
r y
to
Delhi Mughals The rise of the Marathas

Sultanate (1628-58, 1707-1761)
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Babur (1526-30)
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Humayun Afghan Interregnum - Entry of Europeans

(1530-40,1555) Suris (1540-1555) - Portuguese (1498)
- Dutch (1605)
Later Mughals Europeans Struggle
1707-1857 for Supremacy-
Akbar (1556-1605) - English (1608)
- French (1668)
Jehangir (1605-28)
Shahjahan (1628-58)
The rise of the
Aurangzeb (1658-1707) Marathas
Entry of Europeans
Jehangir-
I am the
Jahanpanah
1605 onwards Period of Mughal Consolidation & Conquest
Expansion of Mughal Empire

By 1600s
Mughals
Consolidation Mercantilism Phase
Submission of European
Regional States जहाँपनाह
ऐसा कैसे तस
ु ी ,ेट
हो... Portuguese- 1498
Onwards
Dutch – 1605
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English- 1608
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a tik
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by
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Portuguese- 1498
to
Onwards Trading Pattern

Dutch – 1605 Establishing Factories
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English- 1608
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Q. Entry of Dutch
Q. How did the British in India- 1605
Conquest over Portuguese onwards
took place ?
Q. Entry of British in India
India in 18th Century

मझु े पता था,
यह4 होने वाला
ह9....
By 1707 Later Mughals
came to power
1707 onwards Later Mughals
1857
Provincial Autonomy – Subahdars
1700s Onwards-
Fragmented
Polity
Regional States European supremacy
British French
- Let us first understand the role of later Mughals & Rise of regional states.
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- That eventually helped the British.
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Sil…Sil….ye kya ho
gaya…halat badal Haahaa….hota hai…hota
gaye…zazbaat badal hai…ye Itihaas hai mere
gaye…. dost…..
Post Aurangzeb- 1707 Onwards ???
New Developments- Features of early 18th Century
Impact of the Mughal Empire getting weak
Resulting intoà
Emergence of New States
With the decline in the authority of the Mughal

emperors,
the governors of large provinces,
subadars,
and the great zamindars consolidated their
authority in different parts of the subcontinent.
Through the eighteenth century,

the Mughal Empire gradually fragmented into a
number of independent, regional states.
Broadly speaking the states of the eighteenth

century can be divided into three overlapping
groups:
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(1) States that were old Mughal

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provinces like
Awadh, Q. How the rise of princely states took place?
by
Bengal and
Hyderabad. - Mughal Empire – Weak by 1707
Although extremely powerful and
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quite independent, the rulers of 18th Century political fragmentation

to
these states did not break their

formal ties with the Mughal
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- Later Mughals very weak

emperor. - Hence emergence of regional kingdoms
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(2) States that had enjoyed

considerable independence under Independent States
Successor New States
the Mughals as watan jagirs.
These included several Rajput states
principalities. - Marathas - Mysore
Originally part - Sikhs - Kerala
(3) The last group included states of Mughal - Afghans - Rajput
under the control of - Hyderabad - Jats
Marathas, - Carnatic - Nominally part
Sikhs and others like - Bengal - Result of of Mughal
the Jats. - Awadh rebellion by - Completely
These were of differing sizes and local chiefs independent by
had seized their independence 18th century
from the Mughals after a long-
drawn armed struggle.
EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY POLITICAL FORMATIONS
The Old Mughal Provinces
Amongst the states that were carved out of the old Mughal
provinces in the eighteenth century, three stand out very
prominently.
These were Awadh, Bengal and Hyderabad.
All three states were founded by members of the high

Mughal nobility who had been governors of large provinces –
Sa’adat Khan (Awadh),
Murshid Quli Khan (Bengal) and
Asaf Jah (Hyderabad).
All three had occupied high mansabdari positions and

enjoyed the trust and confidence of the emperors.
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Both Asaf Jah and Murshid Quli Khan held a zat rank of 7,000
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each, while Sa’adat Khan’s zat was 6,000.
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tik

Hyderabad
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Never declared Independence but

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Hyderabad
became the actual ruler of that region.
Founder-Qamaruddin Siddiqui- Turani Noble
The Mughal emperor merely confirmed the
by
Chin Qulich Khan- Aurangzeb

decisions already taken by the Nizam.
Nizam Ul Muk- Farruk Siyar
The state of Hyderabad was constantly
Asaf Jah-
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engaged in a struggle against the Marathas to

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the west and with independent Telugu warrior

to
Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah, the founder of Hyderabad

chiefs (nayakas) of the plateau.
state, was one of the most powerful members at
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the court of the Mughal Emperor Farrukh Siyar.

The ambitions of the Nizam to control the rich
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Farruksiyarà 1713- entrusted first with the

textile-producing areas of the Coromandel
governorship of Awadh, and later given charge of
coast in the east were checked by the British
the Deccan.
who were becoming increasingly powerful in
1720àAssisted the Sayyid brothers in assassination
that region
of Farruksiyar
1722à worked as the Wazir, but problems due to
1739à Helped Rangeela to fight against Nadir
nobles
Shah
1724à Establishment of the Hyderabad State

Hyderabad
By early 1800’s made subsidiary alliance with British
Asaf Jah brought skilled soldiers and administrators
from northern India who welcomed the new
opportunities in the south.
He appointed mansabdars and granted jagirs.
Although he was still a servant of the Mughal

emperor, he ruled quite independently without
seeking any direction from Delhi or facing any
interference.
1748- Death of Nizam

War of Succession within family
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Nasir Jung (Son) Vs. Muzzafar Jung (Grandson)
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French Helping Muzzafar Jung
Resultà 2nd Carnatic War (British Vs. French) N
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By 1760’s came under the British Influence

Helped them in defeating Mysore
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Carnatic
by
Part of the Deccan Province of the Mughals

Nizam of Hyderabad used to be main controller
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Nawab of Carnatic proclaimed practical independence

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to
Nawab Sadatullah Khan- 1710-1732

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Captial @ Arcot
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Appointed nephew-
Dost Ali as the ruler – 1732- 1740
1740- Invasion by Marathas

Dost Ali killed
Son-in-lawà Chand Sahib taken as prisoner
Later on 1744 onwardsà British Vs. French

Carnatic Wars – played by Dupliex
Role of new Nawab Anawaruddin
Supporting the British in the Carnatic Wars
All leading to the emergence of Chanda Sahib
2nd Carnatic War- British won over French
By 1780’s Cornwallis took away its soverignity and Wellsley in

1790’s took its territory & eventually Subsidiary Alliance in
1801

Awadh
Dynasty ? Burhan-ul-Mulk Sa’adat Khan was appointed
Sadat Khan subadar of Awadh in 1722 and founded a state
Took part in the Battle of Karnal- 1739 which was one of the most important to emerge
Taken as prisoner by Nadir Shah out of the break-up of the Mughal Empire.
Later on turned sides, then committed suicide
Awadh was a prosperous region, controlling the
1739- 54- Safdar Jung rich alluvial Ganga plain
Recognised initially by Nadir Shah and the main trade route between north India
Paid 2 crore rupess and Bengal.
Later Mughals very weak- Rangeela and Ahmed Shah
Appointed as Wazir Burhan-ul-Mulk also held the combined offices of
Hence called as Nawab-Wazir subadari, diwani and faujdari.
Gave highest post to Hindu Maraja- Nawab Rai
In other words, he was responsible for managing
1754-1775 Shuja Ud Daula the political, financial and military affairs of the
Son of Safdar Junga province of Awadh.
Fought 2nd Panipat-1761 & Supported Ahmed Shah Abdali
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1764- Battle of Buxar- lost Burhan-ul-Mulk tried to decrease Mughal
1765- Treaty of Allahbad
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influence in the Awadh region by
reducing the number of office holders (jagirdars)
1775-1797 Asaf ud Daulah- son of Shuja N
appointed by the Mughals.
Capital- Faizabad to Lucknow
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Lucknow culture, Bara Imambara He also reduced the size of jagirs, and appointed
By 1801- Subsidiary Alliance by Wellesley his own loyal servants to vacant positions.
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The accounts of jagirdars were

Awadh
checked to prevent cheating and the
revenues of all districts were
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The state depended on local bankers and

reassessed by officials appointed by
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mahajans for loans.

to
the Nawab’s court.

It sold the right to collect tax to the
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highest bidders.
He seized a number of Rajput
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zamindaris and the agriculturally

These “revenue farmers” (ijaradars)
fertile lands of the Afghans of
agreed to pay the state a fixed sum of
Rohilkhand.
money.
Local bankers guaranteed the payment of
The state depended on local bankers
this contracted amount to the state.
and mahajans for loans.
In turn, the revenue-farmers were given
It sold the right to collect tax to the
considerable freedom in the assessment
highest bidders.
and collection of taxes.
These developments allowed new social
These “revenue farmers” (ijaradars)
groups, like moneylenders and bankers,
agreed to pay the state a fixed sum
to influence the management of the
of money. In trying to
state’s revenue system, something which
consolidate their
had not occurred in the past. rule, why did
Mughal Subadars
also want to
control the office of
diwan?
Onwards Death of Aurangzeb –

-Murshid Qulikhan appointed as Governor of Bengal
- Becomes Free
- Establishes control
- Dynasty comes up (Role of 1717 Farmaan-)
1. Murshid Qulikhan
2. Shuja ud din- son in law (1727-
3. Sarfaraz khan- son of Shuja ud Din, killed by Alavardi Khan-
Battle of Gheria
4. Alvardi khan- (1740-1756)

fought against the Marathas
controlled the corruption, refined administration
Established the Dynastic rule in Bengal
5. Siraj ud daula- (1756-57)
Grand-son of Alavardi
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By 1765- Dual Government in Bengal
not liked by the nobles, Ghaseti Begum, Shaukat Jung 1773- Annexation by the British
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Influenced by the bankers- Jagat sheth & Co.
Conflict with East India Company- 1756
Treaty of Alinagar- 1757 N Q. Role of Murshid Qulikhan-
Development of Bengal (1717-1756)
Battle of Plassey- 1757
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Appointed as a Naib, but by Farmaan of 1717-
End of the Dynasty- into the hands of EIC became Nawab
a
Land- Khalisa conversion

Farming/ Izaredari system
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transferred all Mughal jagirdars to Orissa and

Bengal ordered a major reassessment of the revenues of
by
Murshid Quli Khan (1717-1727) Bengal

Bengal gradually broke away from Mughal control
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under Murshid Quli Khan who was appointed as the

Alvardi khan- (1740-1756)
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naib, deputy to the governor of the province.

to
fought against the Marathas

controlled the corruption, refined administration
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Although never a formal subadar, Murshid Quli Khan Made sure the French & British don’t go out of
very quickly seized all the power that went with that Control
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office.
In an effort to reduce Mughal influence in Bengal
Like the rulers of Hyderabad and Awadh he also he transferred all Mughal jagirdars to Orissa and
commanded the revenue administration of the state. ordered a major reassessment of the revenues of
Bengal.
1717- Farruk Siyars Farmaan to the EIC
Murshid Quli Khan- made the Nizam/Nazim & Diwan Introducedà Revenue Farming/ Izaredari system
Hence, military and revenue head Contract system
Proclaimed himself as the Nawab of Bengal Revenue was collected in cash with great
Shifting of capital- Dhaka à Murshidabad strictness from all zamindars. As a result, many
zamindars had to borrow money from bankers
Rationalisation of Land Revenue- and moneylenders.
Converting all lands into Khalisa
Those unable to pay were forced to sell their
Gave new lands as Jagirs in Odissa to dispossessed lands to larger zamindars.
officials
Why ?

Bengal
The formation of a regional state in eighteenth-century Second, their method of tax collection differed.
Bengal therefore led to considerable change Amongst
the zamindars. Rather than relying upon the officers of the state, all
three regimes contracted with revenue-farmers for
The close connection between the state and bankers – the collection of revenue.
noticeable in Hyderabad and Awadh as well – was
evident in Bengal under the rule of Alivardi Khan (r. The practice of ijaradari, thoroughly disapproved of by
17401756). the Mughals, spread all over India in the eighteenth
century.
During his reign the banking house of Jagat Seth Their impact on the countryside differed considerably.
became extremely prosperous.
The third common feature in all these regional states
If we take a bird’s eye view, we can detect three was their emerging relationship with rich bankers and
common features amongst these states. merchants.
First, though many of the larger states were established These people lent money to revenue farmers,
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by erstwhile Mughal nobles they were highly suspicious received land as security and collected taxes from
of some of the administrative systems that they had these lands through their own agents.
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inherited, in particular the jagirdari system.
Throughout India the richest merchants and bankers
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were gaining a stake in the new political order.
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British Conquest of Bengal ???? How it all took place ?
Bhai….treachery word
suna hai…. Murshidabad
Sil…Sil….how & why the Geography
British were able to win Natural Wealth
Bengal Textiles
Handicraft
British Conquest- Bengal

- The British conquest of Bengal
Phase I
(1650-1717) 1690 - Establishment of fort William (Sutanati)
- Origin of Bengal – Captured by Shuja by jobcharnock
1631- Drove out Portuguese - Imperial farmaan issued- Rs. 3000/year
(S/O Shahjahan) Made Subahdar payment
Shuja Gave permission to EIC, trade
1631-1651 permits
₹3000/ Year – Shuja gave free - 1690 French base @ chandranager
trade in Bengal, Bihar & Odissa. - Conflict started
Why so à Mr. Boughton role 1696-98 - Aurangzeb intervenes. (English & French
(British Official) got punished)
Hooghly (1651) and other places - Reaction by Local Zamindars against EIC
1651
like Kasimbazar, - EIC started fortifying settlement- Fort William
onwards
Patna and Rajmahal - 3 villages given to EIC- Sutanuti, Gobindapur and
British had to pay duties and tolls - Kalikata
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in Bengal, didn’t liked it
- Establishment of factories @ Kasimbazar, Patna
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British Vs. Mughal Conflict in
1682 Bengal
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Shaista Khan governor
1686 - Hoogly destroyed by the Mughals
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Onwards Death of Aurangzeb –

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-Murshid Qulikhan appointed as Governor of Bengal

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1707 - Becomes Free

to
- Establishes control
- Dynasty comes up (Role of 1717 Farmaan-)
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1. Murshid Qulikhan
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2. Shuja ud din
3. Sarfaraz khan
4. Alvar di khan
1717-1756
5. Siraj ud daula April 1756 death
1717 EIC
Farruk Siyar Farmaan - Trade permits (Dastak)
- 38 villages on rent
+ve for EIC Murshid Quli khan made Nawab - Coins, Fortifying
- Put trade by officials
Hence Dynasty Becomes strong
- Farman- Source of
1717-1756 conflict between Bengal
- Carnatic wars Against French & EIC
- Fortified fort William - Subahdar will be called
- Got strong because of farmaan. nawabs.
- Hence Enlarged post

Between 1717-1756- Different Nawabs
1756 - Onwards
- Siraj ud daula comes to power-Murshidabad

(Grand son of Alavardi)
- Siraj vs. 2 others
Shaukat Ghaseti Begum Supported by

Jung (Daughter of alavardi) British
(Faujdar) @ Dacca EIC- Helping political fugitive, Krishna Das,
son of Raj Ballabh who had fled with immense
treasures against the nawab’s will
- Siraj – Conspiracy going on
- 17 June 1756 – Attacked fort William Sieze of Calcutta.

- Governor Drake and British officials fled
- Capturing of prisoners (20 June 1756)
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- The black hole tragedy (Myth/Reality)
- Nawab Goes back to Murshidabad
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- Calcutta charged under Manikchand
- Renamed as Alinagar
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1756 June Onwards

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- Message reached Madras (St George)

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- Clive given task for Bengal

- Dec. 1756 – Reached Calcutta Bribed Manikchand
by
- Feb. 1757 – Treaty of Alinagar

- Restoring old privileges
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- Fortifying Allowed
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- Compensation given to EIC

to
Feb. 1757 – Conspiracy – All acted as traitors

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Manikchand Mir Jafar Jagat Seth Rai Durlabh

(Mir Bakshi) (Banker)
Official Amirchand
(Merchant)
March EIC Offensive

1757
French Bengal
Battle of Plassey
23 June 1757
EIC Nawab Siraj ud daula

- Robert Clive - Army chief
- Minimum Soldiers Mir Jafarà Sent Nawab back to Murshidabad
- 3000 Total - 50000+ army
Nawab Got
- Clive killed the loyal - Mir Madan & Mohanlal
Killed by Mir
officials Fought Bravely
Miran.

Q. The Battle of Plassey?
- It was never Fought

EIC – 65 lost.
Nawab – 500 lost.
- Treason won over military superiority.
- EIC – Became kingmakers – Mir jafar was made Nawab.
- Defeated Dutch @ Bedara (1759)
- EIC defeated the French @ Wandiwash (1760)
Mir Jafar (June 1757- Oct. 1760)
- Was installed as Nawab by Clive
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- Hence – Role of Clive’s jackal
- Initially not accepted by local zamindars
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- 6000 army of EIC to help Jafar
- EIC Plunder started - ₹ 8 lakh in silver coins Role of EIC Governor Henry Vansittart
- Zamindari rights given - ₹ 5- 6 lakh/ year N
- By 1760 – Mir Jafar – Debt. ₹ 25 lakhs.
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- Jafar removed on the pretext of anti British Activities.
- (Battle of Bedara-Dutch Nov 1759) By 1763 – Hostilities Buxar
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increased
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Sep 1760 - Mir Qasim escaped to Awadh | Replaced

by
by Mir Jafar died shortly – Replaced by

- Mir Qasim was made Nawab by EIC
Nasim-Ud-Daula (Last Nawab)
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Oct 1760 - Looked for help

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Mir Jafar not liking this - Organized confideracy – 22 Oct 1764 @

to
Thought of revolting against EIC Buxar

Was made to surrender after a gherao by the EIC Vs. EIC –
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After this Mir Qasim was made Nawab major Munro

- Mr Qasim + Shuja-
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Ud-Daula(Awadh) +
vs. 7000
Oct 1760 Shah Alam
soldiers –
II(Mughal Emporer)
- Mir Qasim became nawab (Already a faijdar) Military
- 6000 + soldiers
- Territories Ceded to EIC Burdwan, Midnapore, superiority
Burdwan
- ½ Share in Slyhet. - Buxar confirmed Plassey
- Bribe given to EIC officials ₹ 29 lakhs. - Post Buxar – Bengal made the way for British
conquest of India.
Reform Phase (1760-63)
- Shifting capital of (Murshidabad to Monghyr) Sil…Sil…. What is Both Battles had its
significance of Battle of own importance…..
- Admin reforms Plassey & Buxar-
- Army modernize
- Financial reforms- abolished duties
- Stopped Dastak given to EIC
- Asking revenue accounts from governors- Ram
Narayan
- By 1763, conflict started between EIC & Mir
Qasim https://unacademy.com/@nayakpratik Page 16 of 24

Q. Out come of Buxar
- EIC – overload, defeated 3 statesà Treaty of Alllahabad(1765)
- Bengal – Awadh – Mughal Emporer
- Clive made governor

- Dyarchy/ Dual Gout.
- Najim ud daula – Admin
- Clive – Revenue, defence foreign affairs
- Dyarchy à Nawab & Naib Nawab
- Appointed by EICà Naib Nawab

- Power W|O responsibility
Treaty of Allahbad
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- Shah Alam-II- Treaty of Allahbad Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula – Treaty of Allahbad
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- Allahabad given to him No annexation of Awadh , used as Buffer State
- Lived in fort for 6 years (prisoner of EIC) against the Afghans & Marathas
- Diwani rights issues N
(i) Allahabad and Kara given to Shah Alam II;
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Bengal Bihar Odissa

(ii) Rs 50 lakh to the EICà war indemnity
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- Judicial & Revenue rights. (iii) Balwant Singhà Zamindar of Banaras, full
possession of his estate.
by
- EIC à annual payment of Rs 26 lakh

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- Kingà Rs 53 lakh to the Company in return Bengal- Mir Qasim- lived as wanderer till 1777
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for nizamat functions (military defence, police,

to
Came under the EIC Control – appointed puppet ruler

and administration of justice)
Nazim Ud Daula in Bengal
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Q. Dual System (1764-1773) Diwani rightsà Revenue collection to EIC

Allahabad Treaty
Q. Impact of Dual system
Nawab of Bengal
- Administrative Breakdown
- Agricultural decline
- Transferred Nizamat - Trade & commerce decline
Rights to EIC - Industrial & artisan loss
- Defence, law & order, Niab - Moral degradation.
justice Nawab
two deputy diwans, Mohammad Reza Khan for
Real Bengal and Raja Sitab Roy for Bihar.
Ruler Mohammad Reza Khan
Pushing for commercialisation of Agriculture,

Indigo cropsà Leading to Famine in Bengal
Q. Role of Robert Clive ?
June 1744- Entry of Clive @ Madras

Young age- 19 years
Tried learning the working of the administration
Spent time @ library of the governor
1st Carnatic War- French captured Madras

Clive was captured by the French, later on escaped
escaped south to Fort St. David (Cuddalore)
notable role in the fort’s defence
2nd Carnatic War- the sieze of Arcot (1751)

numerically superior forces of Chanda Sahib- surprised
Got recognised by the British PM William Pitt-I
Went back to England, got married

1755- came back to India- made Dy Governor of St
David
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1756- Black hole tragedy
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Decided to focus on Bengal
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1757- Treaty of Alinagar
Proved his diplomatic & sabotage skills
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Planning, leadership of his ordinary troops and sheer

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became a member of Parliament

determination
by
Treaty of Allahbad-1765
3rd Carnatic War- French in Bengal humbled
French loss in chandranagar Came back to India once again – to solve
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the
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1757- Battle of Plassey

to
issue of corruption….
treacherous defections of three of the Nawab’s
is
commanders, Mir Jafar, Lutuf Khan and Rai Durlabh,

Back in India- accused of insider trading
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Mir Jafar- called as Clive’s Jackal 1767- returned to England

power, glory and money
Money earned- 400000 pound
Clive made Governor- Presidency in Bengal
EIC should have direct control- hence Dyarch set up
1774- died- suicide
Came into conflict with many EIC officials
1760- went back to Britain – accusation of corruption

Land grants from Mir Jafar
Q. “Dupleix made a cardinal blunder in looking for key to India in Madras,Clive sought and
found it in Bengal. Comment.” (History Optional, Paper 2- 2013)
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British Conquest- Mysore

British conquest of Mysore
Part of Vijayanagar- Decline in 1565- Battle of Talikota
Mysore ruled by Wadeyar dynasty (1612 onwards)
Chika Krishna Raj (1734-1766)
Nanji Raj Dev Raj

(Revenue) (Army)
- 1721 – Hyder ali birth, became Millitary head of Mysore by

1760.
- 1761-63 – Hyder ali conquered many areas subjugated
poligars
- Constant Maratha raid 1764-66
ak
- Conflict with Nizam over terrtories
ay
- Also with Carnatic Nawab (Arcot)
N
Deccan Quadrangular conflict
tik
Anglo – Mysore wars (1766-1799) Q. Why ????
EIC
a
1. 1766 – 1769
Pr
2. 1780 – 1784
3. 1790 – 1792 Marathas French
by
4. 1799.
Nizam
y
- How ?
r
- Who ? EIC – Success in Bengal Went to challenge

to
- Why ? Hyder Ali.

is
H
Hyder Ali as a Ruler ? 1st Anglo- Mysore war (1766-1769)

started his career as a horseman
By 1761- became defacto ruler How? – EIC treaty with Nizam(1760)
Reorganised Army- Cavalry
French help- Artillery Went to Marathas
arms factory at Dindigul
Known for diplomacy
Carnatic already on side
Expanded power in S. India 3 side attack Vs. Hyder Ali
Controlled Poligars - Use of Diplomacy – brought Marathas & Nizam on side
- April 1769 – Hyder reached Madras- forceful & humiliating
Conflict with Marathas- 1764, 1766, 1771 treaty for EIC.
3 times lost
Treaty of Madras
By 1774- recovered all territories from - Giving back territories
Marathas & captured new areas - Defensive alliance
Also came into conflict with the EIC - Help each other in case of attack.

1st Anglo- Mysore war (1766-1769)
By July 1780 2nd Carnatic war
Period between 1770 to 1780
- Marathas rated Mysore - 2nd Carnatic war - anti-English alliance
1771
- Haider asked for help from EIC - Haridar attack on Arcot with the Marathas
- EIC didn’t came to rescue - Colonel Balilie and the Nizam
- Haider looked for French support 1781 - Eyre Coote- detached Marathas & Nizam
- Modernised army ,Mahe port. - Got Defeated @ Porto Novo
1775
- Maratha vs. EIC 1st war
1782 - Haider recovered, back areas
1776 - American resolution (French - Dec. 1782, Haider passed away Tipu
support to americans) comes to power
By 1780 - Warren Hastings captured Mahe. March - Treaty of Mangalore
- Mahe important for Mysore & French 1784 - Peace & Status Quo.
- Hyder Ali’s supplies and trade
ak
dependent on Mahe
ay
These Hostilities resulted into 2nd Carnatic war
N
a tik
Pr
by
Period From 1780-1790

y
- Pitts India Act, 1784

r
to
- Cornwallis came to power

- American revolution – British defeat
is
- Cornwallis à Anti- Tipu Alliance Tipu – Help

from
H
turkey(1785) &
French (1787)
Marathas Nizam
By - Tipu differences with Travancore state emerged.

1790
April - Attack on Travancore by Tipu
1790 - Issue of cannore & Jalkottal
- Travancore sought EIC help.
Map
3rd Anglo – Mysore
war
- 1790-1792
- 3 Alliance
EIC + Marathas + Nizam vs. Tipu
Lost @
Seringapatam
March
- Treaty of Seringpatnam
1792
- Half Territory to be ceded to 3 alliance
- War Indemnity ₹ 3 crore
- Children Taken into custody by Cornwallis
- Defeated & Humiliated.
ak
Baramahal, Dindigul and Malabar went -English
regions surrounding the Tungabhadra- Marathas
ay
areas from the Krishna to beyond the Pennar- Nizam
N It’s better to live
one day as a lion,
tik
Chal sign kar rather than living
whole life as a
Period From 1792-1799 & 4th Mysore war re…
a
bakri
Pr
- Peace period
- Gov. General John Shore (1793-98)
by
- By 1798 Lord Wellesley came to India.

y
- Sent letter to Tipu

r
to
- Subsidiary alliance
- Charges of sending embassies to Afghanisthan, Turkey, French (Anti-
is
British Alliance)
H
- Wellsesley Asked Tipu for submission

- Tipu – Not possible
4th Anglo Mysore war May 1799 – Fall of

Seringpatanam
- Tipu Died.
- Territories divided
- Lord Wellesley
- Wadeyar Dynasty reinstalled- Krishnaraja III –

Subsidiary Alliance
- By 1831- Lord William Bentick annexed the state

of Mysore
- By 1881- Mysore given back to the wodeyars

Q. Tipu as a ruler ?
Introduced new calendar, coins, weight & measures
Improvisation in field of agriculture, trade & Commerce
Abonded the custom of giving Jagirs
Reduced the power of polygars
Organising & training army on European lines
Supported the French in setting up Jacobin Clubs
Plantation of Tree of Liberty @ Serringpatnam
Grant of funds for the repair of Sringeri Temple and installation of

the image of Godess Sharda-
ak
ay
N
a tik
Pr
by
r y
to
is
H
ak
ay
N
tik
THANKS!
a
Pr
by
ry
to
is
H

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History by Pratik Nayak-PNLIVE

Carnatic, Awadh, Bengal, Mysore

Presented by - Pratik Nayak

Educator- History, Art & Culture

BE Civil, M. Planning (CEPT University)

Worked at Govt. of Gujarat

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This workbook contains the compiled

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Contact for - 7825860097 / 8585858585

MODERN INDIAN HISTORY

Q. How the British conquest took place?

Europeans Princely states

Later Mughals MysoreMarathas

The rise of the Struggle for

Marathas European Feudal States

Indian Responseà Age of

1947 Freedom Struggle

2022 We the People of India Indian Nation

1192 1526 2022

Delhi Mughals The rise of the Marathas

Humayun Afghan Interregnum - Entry of Europeans

1605 onwards Period of Mughal Consolidation & Conquest

Expansion of Mughal Empire

Onwards Trading Pattern

Q. Entry of British in India

India in 18th Century

Regional States European supremacy

With the decline in the authority of the Mughal

Through the eighteenth century,

Broadly speaking the states of the eighteenth

(1) States that were old Mughal

quite independent, the rulers of 18th Century political fragmentation

these states did not break their

- Later Mughals very weak

(2) States that had enjoyed

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY POLITICAL FORMATIONS

The Old Mughal Provinces

These were Awadh, Bengal and Hyderabad.

All three states were founded by members of the high

All three had occupied high mansabdari positions and

The Old Mughal Provinces

Never declared Independence but

Chin Qulich Khan- Aurangzeb

engaged in a struggle against the Marathas to

the west and with independent Telugu warrior

Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah, the founder of Hyderabad

the court of the Mughal Emperor Farrukh Siyar.

Farruksiyarà 1713- entrusted first with the

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY POLITICAL FORMATIONS

The Old Mughal Provinces

He appointed mansabdars and granted jagirs.

Although he was still a servant of the Mughal

1748- Death of Nizam

By 1760’s came under the British Influence

Part of the Deccan Province of the Mughals

Nawab of Carnatic proclaimed practical independence

Nawab Sadatullah Khan- 1710-1732