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    Cascade Control PDF

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    DEBASISH SARKAR
    Cascade control uses the output of a primary controller to manipulate the setpoint of a secondary controller. This allows the faster secondary controller to handle disturbances in the secondary loop. Requirements for cascade control include the secondary loop dynamics being faster than the primary loop and the secondary loop having influence over the primary loop. Cascade control can control processes like heat exchanger outlet temperature using steam flow as the secondary loop.

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    Cascade Control PDF

    Uploaded by

    DEBASISH SARKAR
    51 views4 pages
    Cascade control uses the output of a primary controller to manipulate the setpoint of a secondary controller. This allows the faster secondary controller to handle disturbances in the secondary loop. Requirements for cascade control include the secondary loop dynamics being faster than the primary loop and the secondary loop having influence over the primary loop. Cascade control can control processes like heat exchanger outlet temperature using steam flow as the secondary loop.

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    CASCADE CONTROL.pdf

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    Cascade control uses the output of a primary controller to manipulate the setpoint of a secondary controller. This allows the faster secondary controller to handle disturbances in the secondary loop. Requirements for cascade control include the secondary loop dynamics being faster than the primary loop and the secondary loop having influence over the primary loop. Cascade control can control processes like heat exchanger outlet temperature using steam flow as the secondary loop.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    51 views4 pages

    Cascade Control PDF

    Uploaded by

    DEBASISH SARKAR
    Cascade control uses the output of a primary controller to manipulate the setpoint of a secondary controller. This allows the faster secondary controller to handle disturbances in the secondary loop. Requirements for cascade control include the secondary loop dynamics being faster than the primary loop and the secondary loop having influence over the primary loop. Cascade control can control processes like heat exchanger outlet temperature using steam flow as the secondary loop.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Cascade Control

    Cascade Control uses the output of the primary controller to manipulate the setpoint of the
    secondary controller as if it were the final control element.

    Reasons for cascade control:

     Allow faster secondary controller to handle disturbances in the secondary loop.


     Allow secondary controller to handle non-linear valve and other final control element
    problems.
     Allow operator to directly control secondary loop during certain modes of operation
    (such as startup).

    Requirements for cascade control:

     Secondary loop process dynamics must be at least four times as fast as primary loop
    process dynamics.
     Secondary loop must have influence over the primary loop.
     Secondary loop must be measured and controllable.

    Reasons not to use cascade:

     Cost of measurement of secondary variable (assuming it is not measured for other


    reasons).
     Additional complexity.

    Examples of cascade control:

    Control of heat exchanger outlet temperature using steam flow as secondary loop.
    Cascade Control Modes

    In most applications, the control loop is not functioning as a cascade loop all the time. The
    operator (in the case of batch control, the batch control program) has the ability to change
    modes. Following is the typical selection of modes of operation available for a cascade control
    loop. Manual and Auto are usually used during startup while cascade is used for normal
    operation.

    Tracking:

    In A, Manual mode, the set point of the flow controller tracks the actual flow variable.
    In B, Auto mode, the output of the temperature controller tracks the setpoint of the flow
    controller.

    In C, Cascade mode, the temperature controller manipulates the setpoint of the flow controller.

    Therefore, when switching from one mode to another there is no sudden change in the output
    to the valve.

    Windup

    If the secondary controller cannot deliver enough flow, even with its valve wide open, to bring
    the primary measured variable to its set point, the primary controller will "windup" and continue
    to increase the flow setpoint above the maximum flow. Later, when the flow is sufficient to bring
    the primary measurement to its set point, the primary controller must take the time to "wind
    down" the secondary set point to the actual flow before the valve begins to close.

    Use of external feedback to limit windup:

    By connecting the secondary measurement to the external feedback of the primary, we can
    eliminate the windup problem.

    Block Diagram of external feedback.

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