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    Week 11 Laboratory Exercise The Respiratory System

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    Ericka Ello
    This document provides information about the respiratory system including: 1) It describes the organs that make up the respiratory passageway including the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and lungs. 2) It explains the mechanics of breathing including inspiration, expiration, and the muscles and changes involved in each phase. 3) It defines key lung volumes including tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume, total lung capacity, vital capacity, and inspiratory capacity.

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    Week 11 Laboratory Exercise The Respiratory System

    Uploaded by

    Ericka Ello
    111 views6 pages
    This document provides information about the respiratory system including: 1) It describes the organs that make up the respiratory passageway including the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and lungs. 2) It explains the mechanics of breathing including inspiration, expiration, and the muscles and changes involved in each phase. 3) It defines key lung volumes including tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume, total lung capacity, vital capacity, and inspiratory capacity.

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    Week 11 Laboratory Exercise the Respiratory System

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    This document provides information about the respiratory system including: 1) It describes the organs that make up the respiratory passageway including the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and lungs. 2) It explains the mechanics of breathing including inspiration, expiration, and the muscles and changes involved in each phase. 3) It defines key lung volumes including tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume, total lung capacity, vital capacity, and inspiratory capacity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    111 views6 pages

    Week 11 Laboratory Exercise The Respiratory System

    Uploaded by

    Ericka Ello
    This document provides information about the respiratory system including: 1) It describes the organs that make up the respiratory passageway including the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and lungs. 2) It explains the mechanics of breathing including inspiration, expiration, and the muscles and changes involved in each phase. 3) It defines key lung volumes including tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume, total lung capacity, vital capacity, and inspiratory capacity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    Name : Bautista, Maria Luisa DC.

    Date :
    Course/Year/Sec: BSN-1-YA-26 Teacher:

    EXERCISE NO. 11

    RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

    GIO 1. To learn the organs forming the respiratory passageway.

    SIO 1. Illustrate and label the sagittal view of the head and neck showing upper
    respiratory structures – nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx.

    2. Illustrate and label the anterior view of the tracheo- bronchial tree including the
    lungs
    3. Trace the flow of the O2 from the outside to the alveoli in the lungs where
    exchange of gases takes place
    4. Describe the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.

    -The lateral wall of the nasal cavity is formed by the palatine maxillae and the
    palatine bone. The hard palate is covered by highly vascular mucous membrane.
    The lateral wall of the nasal cavity is a region of the nasopharynx essential for
    humidifying and filtering the air we breathe in nasally.

    5. Give the important features of the different parts of the pharynx.

    Nasopharynx- is the most superior portion of the pharynx, bounded superiorly by


    the skull base and inferiorly by the soft palate. The nasopharynx connects the nasal
    passages to the rest of your respiratory system. This allows air to get from your
    nose to your lungs.

    Oropharynx- This is the middle part of throat that connects to oral cavity. The air,
    food, and drink all pass through the oropharynx

    Laryngopharynx- Also called as the hypopharynx. This part of pharynx regulates


    the passage of air to the lungs and food and fluid to the esophagus.

    7. Name the 9 laryngeal cartilages

    Unpaired cartilages
    • Thyroid Cartilage
    • Cricoid Cartilage
    • Epiglottis

    Paired cartilages
    • Arytenoid Cartilages
    • Corniculate Cartilages
    • Cuneiform Cartilages

    8. Describe the features of mucosa of the laryngeal cavity.

    The mucosa form two pairs of folds, false and true vocal cords, which extend into the
    lumen of the larynx. The laryngeal epithelium corresponding to the mechanically
    exposed areas consists of stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
    9. Name 3 important laryngeal muscles and the corresponding functions.

    Stylohyoid muscle- The stylohyoid muscle connects the hyoid bone to


    the base of the skull, and it pulls the hyoid bone upward and backward,
    resulting in elevation of the base of the tongue and elongation of the
    floor of the mouth. This movement helps in deglutition and this muscle
    functions in association with other suprahyoid muscles.

    Digastric muscle- The digastric muscle functions during swallowing,


    chewing, and speech. The anterior belly of the digastric is one of the
    three suprahyoid muscles which stabilizes the hyoid during swallowing,
    an action critical in protecting the airway while eating.

    Mylohyoid muscle- The mylohyoid is one of the muscles essential in


    performing the functions of swallowing and speaking.

    10. Tabulate the differences between right and left lungs.

    Left lung Right Lung


    1. Has 2 lobes (superior and inferior). Has 3 lobes (superior, middle and
    inferior).
    Longer and narrower compare to right Shorter and bigger than the left lung.
    lung.

    The 2 lobes are separated by oblique The 3 lobes are separated by the
    fissure. horizontal fissure and oblique fissure
    Has a cardiac notch and concave It does not have cardiac notch.
    cavity where heart lies.

    The size and weight of left lung is The size of right lung is larger and
    smaller and lighter. heavier.
    GIO 2. To know and understand the mechanics of breathing, gas exchanges, and the
    controls of respiration.

    SIO
    1. Define the 2 phases of pulmonary ventilation.
    -Inspiration is the process that causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is
    the process that causes air to leave the lungs

    2. Discuss the changes in thoracic cavity including the respiratory muscles


    involved during the different phases of respiration.

    - the lung volume expands as a result of the contraction of the diaphragm and
    intercostal muscles (the muscles that are connected to the rib cage), thus
    expanding the thoracic cavity.

    3. Define the following:


    a. tidal volume- is the amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs with
    each respiratory cycle.

    b. inspiratory reserve volume- is the additional volume of air that can be


    inspired at the end of a normal or tidal inspiration.

    c. expiratory reserve volume- The extra volume of air that can be expired
    with maximum effort beyond the level reached at the end of a normal, quiet
    expiration.

    d. residual volume- this is the amount of air that remains in a person's


    lungs after fully exhaling.

    e. total lung capacity- is the volume of air in the lungs upon the maximum
    effort of inspiration.

    f. vital capacity- is the maximum amount of air a person can inhale after
    a maximum exhalation. It is equal to the sum of inspiratory reserve
    volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume.

    g. inspiratory capacity- The maximum volume of air that can be inspired


    after reaching the end of a normal, quiet expiration. It is the sum of the
    TIDAL VOLUME and the INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME.
    5. Circle the term that does not belong in each of the following groupings.

    1. ↑ respiratory rate ↓ blood CO2 Alkalosis Acidosis

    2. Acidosis Carbonic acid Hypoventilation CO2 buildup

    3. Acidosis Hyperventilation Hypoventilation CO2 buildup

    4. Apnea Cyanosis ↑ O2 ↓ O2

    5. ↓ pH ↑ blood CO2 Acidosis blood H+

    6. Differentiate between external and internal respiration.


    -External respiration is the exchange of gases with the external environment, and occurs
    in the alveoli of the lungs. Internal respiration is the exchange of gases with the internal
    environment, and occurs in the tissues. The actual exchange of gases occurs due to
    simple diffusion

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