(Homework’s) by hayder

Q1/ A simple band brake are applied to a rotating drum of diameter 500 mm. The angle of lap of the
band on the drum is 270º. One end of the band is attached to a fulcrum pin of the lever and other
end is to a pin 100 mm from the fulcrum. If μ = 0.25 and a braking force of 90 N is applied at a
distance 600 mm from the fulcrum, find the braking torque when the drum rotates in the
(i) clockwise direction, and (ii) anticlockwise direction.

0.5
Solution/ d=500mm=0.5m → ( ) = 0.25m / OB=100mm =0.1m / μ = 0.25 / p= 90N
2
𝜋
∅ = 270 × = 4.71 / T1 , T2 ?
180

𝑇1 𝑇1 𝑇1
= 𝑒𝜇∅ → = 𝑒 0.25×4.71 → =3.2462 → T1 = T2 * 3.2462 …….(1)
𝑇2 𝑇2 𝑇2

TB = (T1- T2) r → TB = (T2 * 3.2462- T2) 0.25 → TB = 0.56155 T2……...(2)

(i) clockwise direction

MO = 0

P * L = T1 * b
90 ×0.6
T1 = = 540 N
0.1

540 = T2 * 3.2462 → T2 = 540/3.2462 = 166.35 N

TB = 0.56155 * 166.35 = 93.41 Nm

(ii) anticlockwise direction

MO = 0

P * L = T1 * b
90 ×0.6
T2 = = 540 N
0.1

TB = 0.56155 * 540 = 303.21 Nm

10
Q2/ A differential band brake of drum diameter 400 mm. The two
ends of the band are fixed to the points on the opposite side of
fulcrum of the lever at a distance of 50mm and 160 mm from the
fulcrum as shown in figure. The brake is to sustain a torque of 300
Nm. If μ = 0.2, the angle of contact is 210º and the length of lever
from the fulcrum is 600 mm. Determine (i) the force required at the
end of the lever for the clockwise and anticlockwise rotation of the
drum, (ii) value of OB forthe brake to be self locking for clockwise
rotation.

SOLUTION;- 600mm
p
=210 ×(/180)=3.67 / μ = 0.2 / D=400mm =0.4m

(i) the force required at the end of the lever for the clockwise
and anticlockwise rotation of the drum

𝑇1 𝑇1 𝑇1
= 𝑒𝜇∅ → = 𝑒 0.2×3.67 → = 2.08
𝑇2 𝑇2 𝑇2

T1 = T2 * 2.08……………..(1)

TB = (T1 - T2 ) r → 300 = (T2 * (2.08-T2)) 0.2

T2 = 1388.89N / T1 = 1388.89 * 2.08 / T1=2888.89N

MO = 0 → (50×T1)+(600×P)-(160×T2)=0
(160×1388.89)− (50×2888.89)
(600×P)=(160×1388.89)- (50×2888.89) / P = 600
→ P = 129.63N

Anticlockwise;-

MO = 0 → (50×T2)+(600×P)-(160×T1)=0
(160×2888.89) − (50×1388.89)
(600×P)= (160×2888.89) - (50×1388.89) / P = → P = 654.63N
600

(ii) value of OB forthe brake to be self locking for clockwise rotation.

MO = 0 → (50×T1)+(600×P)-(OB×T2)=0

(50×2888.89)+(600×0)= (OB×1388.89)

(50×2888.89)
OB= → OB= 103.99mm
1388.89

11
Q3/ The maximum braking torque acting on a band and block brake
is 8950 Nm. The band is lined with 12 blocks each of which subtends
an angle of 15º at the center of the rotating drum. The diameter of the
drum is 850 mm and thickness of the blocks is 75 mm. Find the least
force required at the end of the lever, which is 500 mm long as shown
in figure. Take μ = 0.4.

12
Q5/ A car moving along a level road are having the following data:
Wheel base of the car = 2.8 m; distance of C.G. from ground surface =600 mm; perpendicular
distance of C.G. from rear axle = 1.2 m; speed on level road = 50 km/h; μ = 0.6. Determine the
minimum distance in which the car may be stopped when brakes are applied to the (i) rear wheels
only, (ii) front wheels only and (iii) all the four wheels.

13
Q6/ A car moving on a rough inclined plane are having the following data:
Angle of inclination of the plane = 10º; wheel base of the car = 1.8 m;
height of C.G. of the car above the inclined plane = 0.9 m; perpendicular
distance of C.G. from rear axle = 0.8 m; speed of the car = 36 km/h; μ
= 0.6. If the brakes are applied to all the four wheels, determine the
distance traveled by the car before coming to rest.

14
Q7/ A differential band brake has a force of 220 N applied at the end of a lever as shown in Figure. The
coefficient of friction between the band and the drum is 0.4. The angle of lap is 180°. Find (a) the maximum and
minimum tension in the band, when a torque of 450 N-m isapplied to the drum which rotate clockwise; and (b)
the maximum torque that the brake may sustain for anticlockwise rotation of the drum.

SOLUTION:-
𝜋
µ = 0.4 /  = 180 * 180 = 𝜋 / P = 220 N / TB = 450 Nm / 2 = 0.075

(a) the maximum and minimum tension in the band

MO = 0 → (220 * 200) + (T1 * 50) – (T2 * 100) = 0 / (T1 * 50) – (T2 * 100) = 44000

(T2 ∗ 100)+44000
T1 = ……………..(1)
50
(T2 ∗ 100)+44000
TB = ( T1 – T2 ) r / 450 = ( − 𝑇2) 0.075 …………(2)
50

(5120 ∗ 100)+44000
T2 = 5120 KN / T1 = = 11120 KN
50

(b) the maximum torque that the brake may sustain for anticlockwise rotation of the drum

MO = 0 → (220 * 200) + (T2 * 50) – (T1 * 100) = 0 / (T2 * 50) – (T1 * 100) = 44000

(T1 ∗ 100)+44000
T2 = ……………..(a)
50

𝑇1 𝑇1 𝑇1
= 𝑒𝜇∅ → = 𝑒 0.4∗ → = 3.51 → T1 = T2 * 3.51 ………………. (b)
𝑇2 𝑇2 𝑇2
We replace (a) with (b)

((T2∗3.51) ∗ 100)+44000
T2 = = 146 N / T1 = 146 * 3.51 = 512.48 N
50

TB = ( T1 – T2 ) r → TB = (512.48 – 146) * 0.075

TB = 27.48Nm

15
Q8/ In a band and block brake, the band is lined with 14 blocks, each of which subtends an angle of 20°
at the drum centre. One end of the band is attached to the fulcrum of the brake lever and the other to a pin
150 mm from the fulcrum. Find the force required at the end of the lever 1 meter long from the fulcrum to
give a torque of 4 kN-m. The diameter of the drum is 1 meter, thickness of the blocks is 50 mm and the
coefficient of friction between the blocks and the drum is 0.25.

16
Q9/ braking system has its braking lever inclined at an angle
of 30° to the horizontal plane, as shown in Figure. The
diameter of the brake drum is 540 mm and rotates clockwise;
the angle of contact surface of the block is 50°. At the instant
the lever is pressed on the brake drum with a vertical force of
600 N. The coefficient of friction between the brake shoe and
the brake drum is 0.4. Assume that the lever and brake shoe
are perfectly rigid and possess negligible weight. Find the
braking torque.

17
Q10/ A single block brake, as shown in figure, has the drum
diameter 250 mm. The angle of contact is 90° and the coefficient of
friction between the drum and the lining is 0.35. The other dimensions
are as follows: a = 200 mm, l = 400 mm and b = 100 mm. If the
torque transmitted by the brake is 70 N-m, find the force F required to
operate the brake.

Solution :-
b = 0.1 m / L=0.4m / a= 0.2m / µ= 0.35 / TB=70Nm/ 2=45>40
2 > 40 then

𝟒𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒𝟓
µ* = µ (
𝟐+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐
) → µ* = 0.35 (𝟗𝟎𝝅 ) = 0.385
+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟗𝟎
𝟏𝟖𝟎

TB = (µ*× RN ) r → 70 = (0.385 × RN) 0.125 → RN = 1453.81N

MO=0
(F × 0.4) + (0.385 × 1453.81 × 0.1) = 1453.81 × 0.2
F = 587.34N

18
Q11/ Figure shows a brake shoe applied to a drum by a lever AB which
is pivoted at a fixed point A and rigidly fixed to the shoe. The radius of
the drum is 160 mm. The coefficient of friction at the brake lining is
0.3. If the drum rotates clockwise, find the braking torque due to the
horizontal force of 600 N at B.

19
Q12/ The simple band brake shown in figure is applied to a drum of
diameter 240 mm. The drum is rotating at 300 rpm. The angle of contact of
the band on the drum is 210º and μ = 0.2. One end of the band is attached to
a fixed end A and other end to the lever arm at a distance 120 mm from A.
The lever length is 420 mm. Determine
(a) the braking torque and (b) width of steel band if the maximum
tensile stress in the band is not exceed 15 N/mm2. Take thickness of
band as 3 mm.

20
Q13/ A single block brake is shown in figure. The diameter of the
drum is 250 mm and the angle of contact is 90°. If the operating force
of 700 N is applied at the end of a lever and the coefficient of friction
between the drum and the lining is 0.35, determine the torque that may
be transmitted by the block brake.

21
Q14/ A double shoe brake, as shown in figure, is capable of absorbing a torque
of 1400 N-m. The diameter of the brake drum is 350 mm and the angle of contact
for each shoe is 100°. If the coefficient of friction between the brake drum and
lining is 0.4, find the spring force (S) necessary to set the brake if the drum rotate
clockwise.

22
23
Q15/ Differential band brakes are shown in figure. The diameter of the
drum is 800 mm. The coefficient of friction between the band and the
drum is 0.3 and the angle of embrace is 240°. When a force of
600 N is applied at the free end of the lever, find for
anticlockwise rotation of the drum: (a) the maximum and
minimum forces in the band; and (b) the torque which can be
applied by the brake. (Note: all dimensions in mm).

SOLUTION:-
 = 240×(/180) = 4.189 rad

(a) the maximum and minimum forces in the band (anticlockwise)

𝑇1 𝑇1 𝑇1
= 𝑒𝜇∅ → = 𝑒 0.3×4.189 → = 3.513
𝑇2 𝑇2 𝑇2

MO=0 T1 = T2 * 3.513……………..(1)

(600×1.2) +(T2×0.03)=(T1×0.12) → (T2×0.03) - (T1×0.12) = -720……..(2)

((T2 * 3.513)×0.12) - (T2×0.03) = -720

T2= 1.838KN , T1 =1.838 * 3.513 → T1 = 6.46KN

(b) the torque which can be applied by the brake

TB = (T1 - T2 ) r → TB = (6.46-1.838) 0.4 → TB = 1.8488KNm

24
Q16/ A single block brake, as shown in Figure, has the drum diameter 250
mm. The angle of contact is 90° and the coefficient of friction between the drum
and the lining is 0.35. If the operating force of 650 N is applied at the end of the
lever, determine the torque that may be transmitted by the block brake.

SOLUTION:-

𝟒𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒𝟓
µ* = µ (
𝟐+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐
) → µ* = 0.35 (𝟗𝟎𝝅 ) = 0.385
+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟗𝟎
𝟏𝟖𝟎

MO=0
(F×0.4)-(N×0.2) +(µ* RN×0.025) =0
(650×0.4)-(RN×0.2) +(0.385× RN×0.025) =0
-(RN×0.2) +(0.385× RN×0.025) =-260
(RN×0.20963)=260
RN=260/0.20963= 1240.28 N

TB = (µ* RN)r
TB = (0.385×1240.28)0.125
TB = 59.68Nm

25
Q17/ Fig. 19.44 shows the particulars of two brake shoes which act on the
internal surface of a cylindrical brake drum. The braking forces F1 and
F2 are applied as shown, and each shoe pivots on its fixed fulcrum O1
and O2. The width of the brake lining is 35 mm. The intensity of
pressure at any point A is 0.4 sin θ N/mm2, where θ is measured as
shown from either pivot. The coefficient of friction is 0.4. Determine the
braking torque and the magnitude of the forces F1 and F2

SOLUTION:-

W=35mm / µ =0.4 / r =150mm / L =200mm / 1 =25 =0.436rad

P1=0.4N/mm2 2 =125 =2.186rad

26
 Belt and Rope Drives
(Homework’s)
Q1/ An open belt drive connected two pulleys 120 cm and 50 cm diameter on parallel
shafts 4 m apart. The belt weights 0.9 kg/m length and maximum tension in it is
not to exceed 2000 N. µ = 0.3. The 120 cm pulley, which is the driver, runs at 200
rpm. Due to belt slip on one of the pulleys, the velocity of the driven shaft is only
450 rpm. Calculate the torque on each of the two shafts and power transmitted.

ANS/ d1= 120cm / d2= 50cm / x = 4 m / m= 0.9 kg/m / Tmax= 2000N / µ = 0.3
N1=200 r.p.m / N2= 450 r.p.m / Torque driver of each shaft= ? / power= ?

2𝜋𝑁1 2 2𝜋×200 2
𝑇𝑐 = 𝑚 × 𝑣 2 → 𝑇𝑐 = 0.9 ×
60
× 𝑟1 → 𝑇𝑐 = 0.9 ×
60
× 0.6
TC = 142.12 N

TMAX = T1+TC → T1= TMAX - TC → T1= 2000 – 142.12 = 1857.88 N

T1=1857.88N
𝑟1 −𝑟2 0.6−0.25
α = sin−1 → α = sin−1 → α = 5.019°
𝑥 4

𝜋
= 180 - 2α => = 180 – (2×5.019) = 169.96 / = 169.96 × = 2.966 rad
180

𝑇1 1857.88
= 𝑒 𝜇𝜃 => = 𝑒 0.3×2.966 → T2 = 763.303N
𝑇2 𝑇2

Torque drive = (T1 - T2)×r1 = (1857.88-763.3)×0.6 = 656.75N.m / Td = 656.75N.m

Torque drive = (T1 - T2)×r2 = (1857.88-763.3)×0.25 = 273.64N.m / Td = 273.64N.m

2𝜋𝑁1
P = (T1 - T2)×v => P = (T1 - T2)× × 𝑟1
60

2𝜋×200
P = (1857.9 – 763.3)× × 0.6
60

P = 13754.86 w => P = 13.75486 Kw

Q2/ Two pulleys on parallel shaft are connected by a crossed belt. The diameter of the pulleys is
450 mm and 200 mm. The shafts are 1.95 m apart. Find (a) the length of the belt required,
(b) the angle of contact between the belt and each pulley, and (c) the power transmitted by the
belt when the larger pulley rotates at 100 rpm, if the maximum permissible tension in the belt is
1000 N and µ = 0.25.

ANS/ d1= 450 mm / d2= 200mm / x= 1.95 / N1= 100 r.p.m / Tmax = 1000N / µ = 0.25

(a) the length of the belt required

(𝑟1 + 𝑟2 )2
𝐿 = 𝜋1(𝑟1 + 𝑟2 ) + 2𝑥 + ( )
𝑥
(0.225+0.1)2
𝐿 = 𝜋(0.225 + 0.1) + 2(1.95) + => L = 4.975 m
1.95

(b) the angle of contact between the belt and each pulley

𝑟1 +𝑟2 0.225+0.1
α = sin−1 → α = sin−1 → α = 9.59°
𝑥 1.95

𝜋
= 180 - 2α => = 180 – (2×9.59) = 199.19 / = 169.96 × = 199.19 rad
180

(c) the power transmitted by the

Tmax = T1 =1000 N

𝑇1 1000
= 𝑒 𝜇𝜃 => = 𝑒 0.25×3.476 → T2 = 419.46 N
𝑇2 𝑇2

2𝜋𝑁1
P = (T1 - T2)×v => P = (T1 - T2)× × 𝑟1
60

2𝜋×100
P = (1000 – 419.46)× × 0.225
60

P = 1367.86 w => P = 1.368 Kw

 Q3/An open belt drive connected two parallel shafts 1.2 m apart. The driving and driven shafts rotate
at 350 rpm and 140 rpm respectively and the driven pulley is 40 cm diameter. The belt is5 mm
thick and 8 cm wide. µ = 0.3 and maximum permissible stress in the belting is 140 N/cm2.
Determine (a) diameter of the driving pulley, (b) maximum power that may be transmitted by
the belting, and (c) required initial tension in the belt.

ANS/ d1= ? / d2= 40cm / x= 1.2m / N1= 350 r.p.m / N2= 140 r.p.m / Tmax = 1000N
µ = 0.3 / t=5mm / b= 8cm

(a) diameter of the driving pulley

𝑁2 𝑑1 𝑁2 ×𝑑2 140×40
= => 𝑑1 = → 𝑑1 = = 16𝑐𝑚 / 𝑑1 = 0.16𝑚
𝑁1 𝑑2 𝑁1 350

(b) maximum power that may be transmitted by the belting

𝑟1 −𝑟2 20−8
α = sin−1 → α = sin−1 → α = 5.789°
𝑥 120

𝜋
= 180 - 2α => = 180 – (2×5.79) = 168.5 / = 168.5 × = 2.94 rad
180

Tmax = T1 = ƒ × t × b => T1 = 140 × 0.5 × 8 = 560 N

𝑇1 560
= 𝑒 𝜇𝜃 => = 𝑒 0.3×2.94 → T2 = 231.79 N
𝑇2 𝑇2

2𝜋𝑁1
P = (T1 - T2)×v => P = (T1 - T2)× × 𝑟1
60

2𝜋×150
P = (560 – 231.79)× × 0.08
60

P = 962.37 w => P = 0.963 Kw

(b) required initial tension in the belt

𝑇1+ 𝑇2 560+ 231.79

TO = → TO = = 395.89 N
2 2
Q4/ A V-belt of mass 0.9 kg/m length are used to transmit power between two shafts. The angle of
lap is 170º and angle of groove is 45º. µ = 0.17 and maximum permissible tension in the belt is
limited to 2.2 kN. Find (a) velocity of belt for maximum power and (b) power transmitted at this
velocity.

𝜋
ANS/ m= 0.9 kg/m ,  = 170× 180 , 2α = 45/2 => α = 22.5 , µ = 0.17 , Tmax = 2.2 KN

(a) velocity of belt for maximum power

Tmax 2200
Vmax= √ => Vmax= √ => Vmax= 28.54 m/s
3 ×𝑚 3 ×0.9

(c) power transmitted at this velocity.

Tc = m×v2 => Tc = 0.9 ×(28.54)2 => Tc = 733.28 N

Tmax = T1+Tc => T1= Tmax - Tc → T1= 2200 – 733.28 → T1=1466.72 N

𝜋
𝑇1 𝜇×𝜃×𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛼 1466.72 0.17×(170× )×𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐22.5
=𝑒 => =𝑒 180
𝑇2 𝑇2

T2 = 392.59 N

P = (T1 - T2)×vmax => P = (1466.72 – 392.6)×28.54

P = 30659.9 w => P = 30.659 Kw

 Q5/ Find the width of the belt necessary to transmit 75 kW to a pulley 30 cm diameter, if the pulley
makes 1600 rpm and µ = 0.22. Assume angle of contact is 210º, the maximum stress in the belt
is 1.1 N/mm2 and the belt thickness is 10 mm.

ANS/ d= 30cm ,  = 210× 180 , ƒ=1.1N/mn2 , µ = 0.22 , t=10mm , N= 1600r.p.m

𝜋

2𝜋𝑁1
P = (T1 - T2)×v => P = (T1 - T2)× × 𝑟1
60

2𝜋×1600 75
75 = (T1 - T2)× × 0.15 => (T1 - T2 )=
60 25.13

 T1= 2.984 + T2 ………………(1)

𝑇1 𝜇𝜃 2.984+𝑇2 𝜋
0.22×( 210×180)
=𝑒 => =𝑒 → T2 = 2.408 N
𝑇2 𝑇2

T1= 2.984 + 2.408 → T1= 5.39 N

Tmax = T1

Tmax = ƒ × t × b

5.392
5.392 = 1.1 × b × 10 → b= → b = 0.49 mm
1.1×10
 Q6/ A V-belt having a lap angle of 180º have a cross sectional area of 6.2 cm2 and runs in a
groove of inclined angle of 40º. The density of belt is 0.0013 kg/cm3 and maximum stress is
limited to 400 N/cm2 and µ = 0.2. Find the maximum power that can be transmitted, if the
pulley has meandiameter of 30 cm and runs at 1000 rpm.

ANS/ 𝜋
A= 6.2 cm2 ,  = 180× 180 , ƒ=400N/cm2 , µ = 0.2 , d=30mm , N= 1000r.p.m , α = 40 ,
ρ = 0.0013 kg/cm3 ,

m = ρ ×A =≫ m = 0.0013 × 6.2 => m = 6.61 kg/cm

2𝜋𝑁 2 2𝜋1000 2
Tc = m×v2 => Tc = m × ×𝑟 => Tc = 0.008 × × 15
60 60
Tc = 19739.3 kN => Tc = 19.739N

Tmax = ƒ × A → Tmax = 400 × 6.2 → Tmax = 2480 N

Tmax = T1+Tc => T1= Tmax - Tc → T1= 2480 – 19.73 → T1=2460.3 N

𝜋
𝑇1 𝜇×𝜃×𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛼 2460.3 0.2×(180× )×𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐(20)
=𝑒 => =𝑒 180
𝑇2 𝑇2

T2 = 391.88 N

2𝜋𝑁1
P = (T1 - T2)×v => P = (T1 - T2)× × 𝑟1
60

2𝜋×1000
P = (2460.3 – 391.88)× × 0.15
60

P = 32490.1 w => P = 32.49 Kw

 Q7/ Find the number of ropes required in a rope drive which is used to transmit 230 kW from a
pulley of 1 m diameter running at 450 rpm. The safe pull in each rope is 800 N and mass of the rope
is 0.46 kg /m length. The angle of lap is 160º whereas the angle of groove is 45º. µ = 0.3.

ANS/ No. of ropes= ? / d= 1m / N= 450 r.p.m / α = 40 / Tmax = 800N µ = 0.3

m= 0.46 kg /m / = 160º

2𝜋×𝑁 2 2𝜋×450 2
Tc = m×v2 => Tc = m × ×𝑟 => Tc = 0.46 × × 0.5
60 60
Tc = 255.4N

Tmax = T1+Tc => T1= Tmax - Tc → T1= 800 – 255.38 → T1=544.6 N

𝜋
𝑇1 𝜇×𝜃×𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛼 544.6 0.3×(160× )×𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐(22.5)
=𝑒 => =𝑒 180
𝑇2 𝑇2

T2 = 61 N

2𝜋𝑁1
P = (T1 - T2)×v => P = (T1 - T2)× × 𝑟1
60

2𝜋×450
P = (544.6 – 61)× × 0.5
60

P = 11395.1 w => P = 11.395 Kw

230
Number of ropes = = 20
11.395
Q8/ Two parallel shafts 6 m apart are to be connected by a belt running over
pulleys of diameters 60 cm and 40 cm respectively. Determine the length of the
belt required (a) if the belt is open and (b) if the belt is crossed.

ANS/

(a) the length of the belt if the belt is open

(𝑟1 − 𝑟2 )2
𝐿 = 𝜋(𝑟1 + 𝑟2 ) + 2𝑥 + ( )
𝑥

(30−20)2
𝐿 = 𝜋(30 + 20) + 2(600) +
600

L = 1357.25 cm → L = 13.57m

(b) the length of the belt if the belt is crossed

(𝑟1 + 𝑟2 )2
𝐿 = 𝜋(𝑟1 + 𝑟2 ) + 2𝑥 + ( )
𝑥

(30+20)2
𝐿 = 𝜋(30 + 20) + 2(600) +
600

L = 1361.25cm → L = 13.612m
 Q9/ A V-belt drive consists of three V-belts in parallel on grooved pulleys of the
same size. The angle of groove is 30° and the coefficient of friction 0.12. The
cross-sectional area of each belt is 800 mm2 and the permissible safe stress in the
material is 3 MPa. Calculate the power that can be transmitted between two
pulleys 400 mm in diameter rotating at 960 rpm.

,
ANS/ A= 800 mm2, ƒ=3mpa, µ = 0.12 , d=400mm , N= 960r.p.m , 2α = 30 , Power = ?

Tmax = ƒ × A → Tmax = ((3 × 106)× (800× 10-6)) → Tmax = 2400 N

Tmax = T1 = 2400 N

𝜋
= 180 - 2α => = 180 – (2×15) = 150 / = 150 × = 2.618 rad
180

𝑇1 2400
= 𝑒 𝜇×𝜃×𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛼 => = 𝑒 0.12×(2.618)×𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐(15)
𝑇2 𝑇2

T2 = 713.012 N

2𝜋𝑁1
P = (T1 - T2)×v => P = (T1 - T2)× × 𝑟1
60

2𝜋×960
P = (2400 – 713)× × (200 × 10−3 )
60

P = 33918.91 w => P = 33.92 Kw

 Q10/ Two shafts whose centers are 1 m apart are connected by an open V-belt drive. The driving
pulley is supplied with 100 kW and has an effective diameter of 300 mm. It runs at 1000 rpm while
the driven pulley runs at 375 rpm. The angle of groove on the pulleys is 40°. The permissible tension
in 400 mm2 cross-sectional area belt is 2.1 MPa. The density of the belt is 1100 kg/m3. The
coefficient of friction between the belt and pulley is 0.28. Estimate the number of belts required.

ANS/ x= 1m , A= 400 mm2 , ƒ= 2.1 Mpa , µ = 0.28 , d=300mm , N= 1000r.p.m , 2α = 40 ,

3
ρ = 1100kg/cm , NO. of belt driver = ?

m = ρ ×A =≫ m = 1100 × (400×10-6 ) => m = 0.44 kg/cm

2𝜋𝑁 2 2𝜋1000 2
Tc = m×v2 => Tc = m × ×𝑟 => Tc = 0.44 × × 0.15
60 60
Tc = 108.57 N

Tmax = ƒ × A → Tmax = (2.1×106) ×( 400× 10-6) → Tmax = 840 N

Tmax = T1+Tc => T1= Tmax - Tc → T1= (840 – 108.57) → T1=731.44 N

𝜋
= 180 - 2α => = 180 – (2×20) = 140 / = 140 × = 2.443 rad
180

𝑇1 731.44
= 𝑒 𝜇×𝜃×𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛼 => = 𝑒 0.28×2.443×𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐(20)
𝑇2 𝑇2

T2 = 98.96 N

2𝜋𝑁1
P = (T1 - T2)×v => P = (T1 - T2)× × 𝑟1
60

2𝜋×1000
P = (731.44 – 98.96)× × 0.15
60

P = 32490.1 w => P = 32.49 Kw

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 100

Number of belt driver = = = 10
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑡 9.934
 Q11/ A leather belt 125 mm wide and 6 mm thick, transmits power from a pulley 750
mm diameter which runs at 500 rpm. The tension ratio is equal to 2.2 and μ = 0.3. If
the mass of 1 m3 of leather is 1 Mg and the stress in the belt is not to exceed 2.75
MPa, find (a) the angle of contact (in degree) and (b) the maximum power that can be
transmitted.

ANS/ b= 125 mm , ƒ= 2.75Mpa , µ = 0.3 , d=750mm , N= 500r.p.m , α = 40 , t= 6 mm

, m= 1 mg , (T1/T2= 2.2) ,

(a) the angle of contact (in degree)

𝑇1
= 𝑒 𝜇×𝜃 => 2.2 = 𝑒 0.3×𝜃
𝑇2
180
 = 2.628 Rad →  = 2.628 × →  = 150.69º
𝜋

(b) the maximum power that can be transmitted

Tmax = ƒ × b × t → Tmax = (2.75×106) × (125×10-3) × (6×10-3) → Tmax = 2062.5 N

m=ρ×v =≫ 100 = ρ × 1 => ρ = 1000 kg/m3

m = ρ ×A =≫ m = 1000 × 0.125 ×0.006 => m = 0.75 kg/m

2𝜋𝑁 2 2𝜋×500 2
Tc = m×v2 => Tc = m × 60
×𝑟 => Tc = 0.75 ×
60
× (375 × 10−3 )
Tc = 289.15 N

Tmax = T1+Tc => T1= Tmax - Tc → T1= 2062.5 – 289.15 → T1=1773.4 N

𝑇1 1773.4
= 𝑒 𝜇×𝜃 => = 𝑒 0.3×(2.628) → T2 = 805.702 N
𝑇2 𝑇2

2𝜋𝑁1
P = (T1 - T2)×v => P = (T1 - T2)× × 𝑟1
60

2𝜋×500
P = (1773.4 – 805.7)× × 0.375
60

P = 19000 w => P = 19 Kw
 Q12/ An electric motor drive an exhaust fan through an open belt drive. Following data are provided:
Motor Pulley Fan Pulley
Diameter (mm) 400 1600
Angle of contact (radians) 2.5
Coefficient of friction 0.3
Speed (rpm) 700
Power transmitted (kW) 22.5

Calculate the width of 5 mm thick flat belt. Take permissible stress for the belt material as
2.3 MPa, and assuming the density of the belt is 1000 kg/m3.

ANS/ b= ? , ƒ= 2.3Mpa , µ = 0.3 , d1=1600mm , d2=400mm ,N= 700r.p.m , α = 40, t= 5 mm

, = 2.5 rad , ρ = 1000 kg/m3

𝑇1 𝑇1
= 𝑒 𝜇×𝜃 => = 𝑒 0.3×(2.5) → T1 = T2 ×2.12 …..…….. (1)
𝑇2 𝑇2
2𝜋×𝑁1 2𝜋×700
V=
60
× 𝑟1 => V = 60
× 0.2 → V = 14.66 m/s

P 22500
P = (T1 - T2)×v => (T1 - T2) = → (T1 - T2) = → (T1 - T2) = 1534.79 …...(2)
𝑣 14.66

(1)=>(2) (T2 2.12 - T2) = 1534.79 → T2 = 1374.03 N

(T2) =>(1) T1 = 1374.03 ×2.12 → T1 = 2908.82 N

m = area × L × ρ => m = (b × t) ×L×ρ → m = (b × 0.005) ×1×1000

m = 5 b Kg

Tc = m×v2 => Tc = 5b ×(14.66)2 => Tc = 1074.7b

Tmax = ƒ × b × t → Tmax = (2.3×106) × b × 0.5 → Tmax =11500 b

Tmax = T1+Tc => T1= Tmax - Tc → 2908.82= 11500b – 1074.69b → b = 0.259m

b = 25.9cm
 Q13/ A rope drive are required to transmit 750 kW from a pulley of 1 m
diameter running at 450 rpm. The safe pull in each rope is 2250 N and the mass
of the rope is 1 kg / m length. The angle of lap and the groove angle are 150° and
45° respectively. Find the number of ropes required for the drive if the coefficient
of friction between the rope and the pulley is 0.3

ANS/ No. of ropes= ? / d= 1m / N= 450 r.p.m / α = 45 / Tmax = 2250N , µ = 0.3

m= 1 kg /m / = 150º

2𝜋𝑁 2 2𝜋×450 2
Tc = m×v2 => Tc = m × ×𝑟 => Tc = 1 × × 0.5
60 60

Tc = 555.12 N

Tmax = T1+Tc => T1= Tmax - Tc → T1= 2250 – 555.12 → T1=1694.88 N

𝜋
𝑇1 𝜇×𝜃×𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛼 1694.58 0.3× 150× ×𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐(22.5)
=𝑒 => =𝑒 180
𝑇2 𝑇2

T2 = 217.68 N

P = (T1 - T2)×v => P = (1694.88 – 127.68)× 23.56

P = 34804.24 w => P = 34.8 Kw

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 750

Number of belt driver = = = 22
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑡 34.8
 Q14/ A shaft rotating at 200 rpm drive another shaft at 300 rpm and transmit 6 kW through a belt.
The belt is 100 mm wide and 10 mm thick. The distance between the shafts is 4m.The smaller
pulley is 0.5 m in diameter. Calculate the stress in the belt, if it is a cross belt drive. Take μ =
0.3.

ANS/ N1= 200r.p.m , N2= 300r.p.m , x= 4m , µ = 0.3 , d2=0.5 m , P =6KW , b=100mm , t= 10mm , ƒ = ?

𝑁2 𝑑1 300 𝑑1 300×0.5
= → = → 𝑑1 = → 𝑑1 = 0.75 𝑚
𝑁1 𝑑2 200 0.5 200

𝑟1 +𝑟2 0.375+0.25
α = sin−1 → α = sin−1 → α = 8.989°
𝑥 4

𝜋
= 180 - 2α => = 180 – (2×8.989) = 197.9 => = 198 × = 3.456 rad
180

𝑇1 𝑇1 𝑇1
= 𝑒 𝜇𝜃 => = 𝑒 0.3×3.456 → =2.82 → T1 = T2 ×2.82 …..…….. (1)
𝑇2 𝑇2 𝑇2

2𝜋×𝑁1 2𝜋×200
V= 60
× 𝑟1 => V = 60
× 0.375 → V = 7.853 m/s

P 6000
P = (T1 - T2)×v => (T1 - T2) = → (T1 - T2) = → (T1 - T2) = 764.04 …..…...(2)
𝑣 7.853

(1) => (2) (T2 2.82 - T2) = 764.04 → T2 = 420.03 N

(T2) => (1) T1 = 420.03 ×2.12 → T1 = 1184.07 N

Tmax = T1 = 1184 N

1184
Tmax = ƒ × b × t → 1184 = ƒ × 100× 10 => ƒ= 1000 => ƒ = 1.184 Mpa