CVE Colleges, Inc.

T.R. Alvarez Subd. Brgy, Del Carmen, Pagbilao, Quezon

Tel No.: (042)797 1692 Email: [email protected]

Learning
Module
HUMSS12 / Q2

Community Engagement, Solidarity,

and Citizenship

Prepared by: Ara C. De Castro

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T.R. Alvarez Subd. Brgy, Del Carmen, Pagbilao, Quezon
Tel No.: (042)797 1692 Email: [email protected]

Lesson 1: Core Values and Principles of

Community Action Initiatives

Community action involves the different core values and principles which include human rights, social
equality, gender equality, and participatory development.

I. Human rights - are universal and inalienable in nature, which means all people around the
globe are entitled to these rights. According to Nickel (1992), “they exist and are available
standards of justification and criticism whether or not they are recognized or implemented
by the legal system or officials of a country.” Hence, these aim to identify the basis for
determining the shape, content, and scope of fundamental public norms.
Example:
- Right to life
- Right to liberty
- Right to know
- Right to work and education
- Freedom of opinion and expression

II. Social Equity - Social equity is defined as the equality and fairness in terms of the treatment
of human beings, access to resources, and life chances. According to Global Issues Pilot
Team (2011), social justice is “a societal value which guides human interaction and in
particular, the fair distribution of society’s benefits, advantages, and assets, not just by law
and in the courts by all aspects of society.”
Example:
- Fair distribution of public service

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- Non-discrimination against individuals with disabilities in employment

applications, contrast, dismissals, compensations and conditions.

III. Gender Equality - also known as sexual equity, is the state of equal ease of access to
resources and opportunities regardless of gender. It also includes the state of valuing
different behaviors, and aspirations.
Example:
- When giving vitamin supplements, gender equity requires women to be given
more of iron and folic supplements than men, since the former need such
supplements more due to their menstrual cycles and childbearing capacity.

IV. Participatory development is also included in the principles of action. As to the definition of
Tekman et al. 2012, participatory development elicits the involvement of local population in
creating policies and in planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating development
programs and projects that are designed to empower and help people make effective
choices.
Example:
- Community involvement in social issues that affect the community.
- Knowing your interest and agenda as a community.

Activity!

Based from what is happening nowadays, create an advocacy (slogan) on how to prevent and eliminate
injustices. (20 points)

Quiz #1

Answer the following questions. (5points each)

1. Why should core values in community exist?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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Tel No.: (042)797 1692 Email: [email protected]

2. In your community, write down 3 problems that need to be addressed?

 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

3. Does social justice exist? How?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

4. Cite a situation showing that gender inequality still exists.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Performance #1: Poster Making. Create a poster concerning or showing the one principle of community
action initiative. (50 points)

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Lesson 2: Empowerment and Advocacy of

Community-Action Initiatives

 Empowerment refers to increasing in the spiritual, social, economic strength of individuals in

the communities. It often involves the empowered developing confidence in their own
capabilities. Empowerment, in varying degrees, also involves the interplay between the agency
and the opportunity structure. Furthermore, empowerment encompasses:
- having the ability to make one’s own decisions, to control, to gain further
control, to fight for one’s rights, and to say something and be listened to; and
- being free, independent, recognized and accepted as equal citizens, who can
make a difference (WHO 2010).

Strategies of Empowerment
- self-confidence
- positivity
- meditation
- the people around you
- priorities

 Advocacy, on the other hand, involves fighting for the rights of others and having their concerns
addressed by targeting people in position of power.
Three types of Advocacy
- Systems advocacy focuses on effort that shall change policies at the local, national, or
international levels so that lasting changes will be brought to the lives of groups or
individuals who share similar problems.
- Individual advocacy focuses on efforts that will change the situation of an individual and
protect his or her right.

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- Self-advocacy focuses on strengthening an individual’s ability to communicate with

other people, and at the same time persuading and convincing the individual to address
his or her own needs and rights.

Advocacy strategies:

- Raising public awareness

- Use the media
- Remember the relationship between online and offline activities.
- Consider the impact.
- Ensure your action step is front and center.
- Contact in the best way possible.
- Keep your friends close
- Be crystal clear.
- Continuously grow your supporter list.

Quiz #2

I. Read carefully the statements below and determine whether the statement being described is
Empowerment or Advocacy. Write E for Empowerment and A for Advocacy on the blank before each
number.
_____1. It has three types: systemic, individual, and self.
_____2. It involves fighting for the rights of others.
_____3. The act of pleading or arguing in favor of something
_____4. It involves enhancing the capacity of an individual or group to make purposive outcome.
_____5. It is the ability to make one’s own decision.
_____6. It includes five kinds of skills: Life Coping, Manipulative, Intellectual, Communicative, and
Artistic.
_____7. Example of this is a non-profit organization that works to help women of domestic abuse who
feel too afraid to speak for themselves.
_____8. The process of becoming stronger and more confident, especially in controlling one’s life and
claiming one’s right.
_____9. It requires a carefully detailed advocacy plan.
_____10. The goal is to change the status quo of people.

II. What significant learning did you gain from the topic (Empowerment and Advocacy)?

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Lesson 3: Participatory Development in

Community-Action Initiative

Participatory development has become widespread as one of the established community-action

initiatives to achieve a self-reliant community and sustainable growth and development across the
political spectrum. This approach aims to empower individuals by providing equal and appropriate
opportunities and allowing them to take part in the development process. Also, the social movement
and institutional perspectives are being used to clearly define the ideas of participatory development.

The concept of participatory development is essential, particularly in the Philippine setting, considering
that we are a developing country. Hence, the need for the locals especially the marginalized to join in
the development process is vital to improve their quality of life. Furthermore, participatory
development, once achieved, could redound to a more meaningful partnership from the higher
hierarchy down to grass root level.

The government including the Non-Government Organizations have made an effort to introduce
participation on programs such as poverty alleviation, agrarian reform, solid waste management,
medical missions, and other relevant activities that further addresses the problems inside the
community. "When people share a strong sense of community they are motivated and empowered to
change problems they face, and are better able to mediate the negative effects over things which they
have no control," Chavis et al., (1990, p. 73) write. Moreover, "a sense of community is the glue that can
hold together a community development effort" (Chavis et al., 1990, p. 73-74). This concept suggests
that programs that "...foster membership, increase influence, meet needs, and develop a shared
emotional connection among community members" (Chavis et al.,1990, p. 73) can serve as catalysts for
change and for engaging individuals and the community in health decision-making and action.

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Tel No.: (042)797 1692 Email: [email protected]

Activity!

I. Make a list of programs and activities you have participated in your community in the year of 2015-
2019. Explain how these activities brought about social change and development in your locality. Use
the following table for this activity. (20 points)

Programs/Activities Attended Explain briefly how these

activities brought about social Insights
change and development in
your locality

II. Read the article and answer the questions provided and answer the following questions below.
(30 points)
Environmental groups raise alarm on Nickelodeon threat to sustainability of Palawan

Manila – Environmental groups, together with members of the academe and representatives
from Palawan, called for intensified efforts to safeguard the sustainability and environmental viability of
Palawan in light of apparent lobby efforts to push through with plans for a Nickelodeon theme park in
Coron. The groups blasted corporate collusion with some government agencies that threatens the
environment.

This came a few days after Department of Tourism (DOT) Secretary Wanda Tulfo Teo said in an
interview on CNN Philippines that the controversial project would “push through.”

The groups sent a letter to the DOT reiterating their opposition to the project, on behalf of the
more than a quarter million signatories in the online petition site Bataris.org.ph.

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The letter reminded the agency of the Tourism Act of 2009, which states that the agency should
‘promote a tourism industry that is ecologically sustainable, responsible, participative, culturally
sensitive, economically viable and ethically and socially equitable for local communities,’ and how the
proposed project and “the excitement of DOT Secretary Teo clearly goes against this mandate.”

“The DOT cannot promote a project that destroys the very attraction you are promoting, which
is the beauty of the healthy marine ecosystem of Coron, among others,” the group said in the letter.

While Teo said Coral World Philippines (CWP) personally assured her that the project will not
cause irreparable damage to Coron’s marine ecosystem, particularly its coral reefs, the group told Teo
that “we cannot risk any of the potential damage that the Attraction would cause on what we consider
as the last ecological frontier of the Philippines.”The groups find it distressing that Teo made a public
endorsement without undertaking environmental impact studies or any scientific basis to rule out the
damage that the proposed attraction would wreak.

Signatories of the letter include Greenpeace Philippines, Save Philippine Seas, Conservation
International Philippines, Environmental Legal Assistance Center (ELAC), among others.

“The people in the Philippines and all over the world do not want an artificial structure built in
Palawan, the country’s last ecological frontier. For us, Palawan is beautiful as it is,” said Anna Oposa, co-
founder of Save Philippine Seas.

Meanwhile, Greenpeace Philippines said the situation is another example of corporate interest
and profiteers seeking to trash and destroy the environment for money that will only benefit the few.

“Even if the developer says the structures will be floating, these will still be anchored
somewhere and potentially destroy. Again, we are faced with the dilemma of putting profit over our
environment and the rights of our people. When will we ever learn?” said Vince Cinches, Oceans
Campaigner of Greenpeace.

On January 9, 2017, Viacom International Media Networks, the global media company that owns
Nickelodeon, announced its plan to build a tourist attraction in Coron, Palawan, with CWP as the
project’s developer. According to the original press release, the structure would “feature one-of-its-kind
resort dining experience with CWP’s trademark underwater restaurants and lounges, which will be
located about 20 feet below sea level with vivid views of the world beneath the ocean.”

The proposal immediately met strong opposition from individuals and environmental NGOs. The
Bataris petition gathered over 200,000 online signatures within a few days, with the
#CoronisnotBikiniBottom trending on various social media channels for several days.

Despite this, CWP submitted a letter of intent to invest in Coron to its Mayor, Jerry Barracoso, on
January 25. On January 27, CWP’s Marketing Director, Susan Lee, told the environmental news portal
Mongabay that the master plan would be published “in another two months.”

More than four months later, the master plan has not been made available to the public, nor to
the local government.

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“Building a structure in Palawan needs to go through due process. In addition to securing

permits from the local government, the developers also need to conduct an Environmental Impact
Assessment, secure an Environmental Compliance Certificate from the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources; clearance from the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development, a multi-sectoral
and intergovernmental body mandated to enforce Republic Act 7611 or the Strategic Environmental
Palawan (SEP) Act; and clearance from the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples, because Coron
and Calamianes Islands are ancestral domain,” emphasized Atty. Gerthie Mayo-Anda, Executive Director
of ELAC Palawan.

The proposed structure could also have negative environmental impacts. “There are at least two
coral species in Coron and Busuanga that are globally endangered,” said Dr. Wilfredo Licuanan, coral
reef scientist. “The proposed structure could restrict access of local people to marine resources, affect
other marine habitats such as sea grass meadows and mangrove forests, and affect ecosystem services
that they provide.”

Source: https://www.greenpeace.org/philippines/press/1475/environmental-groups-raise-alarm-on-
nickelodeon-threat-to-sustainability-of-palawan.

1. What perspectives of participatory development are used by the locals in fighting the
construction of Nickelodeon Theme Park in Coron? Explain your answer briefly.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. What do you think is/are the positive impacts to the communities if the Nickelodeon Theme
Park proposed structure pushed through?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3. Identify the negative effects on the lives of the people in Coron as well as the island, if a park is
established there.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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T.R. Alvarez Subd. Brgy, Del Carmen, Pagbilao, Quezon
Tel No.: (042)797 1692 Email: [email protected]

Lesson 4: Community-Action Initiatives based on its

Core Values and Principles

Community-Action Initiatives is an effort to involve residents, local groups and other organizations
pursue common goals as guided by the core values and principles of community engagement, solidarity,
and citizenship. Putting the people together makes a community prosper because we allow them in the
creation, designing, and implementing varied programs and activities for the benefit of all. The concept
of human rights, social justice, empowerment and advocacy, participatory development, and gender
development are vital to strengthen our knowledge on how community works.

In the past lessons, we have learned the importance of community-action as a way to solve issues in our
communities and those affecting the marginalized group of people. The different initiatives undertaken
in every corner of our community have transcended beyond the unraveling of the problems of human
rights, social equity, gender equality, and participatory development.

As a member of the youth sector, you are presumed to be the “hope of nation”. As such you must
actively take part in all the affairs of your community. By doing so, you are not just contributing to the
success of your community but for the entire community as well. The need to engage yourself into
different projects whether it is a long-term or short-term is indispensable which could radiate positivity
among all the youth in your community. Furthermore, you should also be the first one to initiate
projects. Thinking of what project that can be done in your community? Are you planning for a long-
term or a short-term project? Short-term projects take a few hours, days, or weeks to complete. Long-
term projects take months or even years to finish. Sometimes that action needs to be confrontational,
to improve the lot of one group relative to another, and sometimes it needs to be conciliatory, taking
down the walls and bringing people together as equals.

Activity!

I. Tell whether the given activities or projects are undertaken in your respective barangay by putting a
check in the column opposite each.

Projects/Activities Evident Not Evident

1. Youth Development Program
2. Drug and Crime Prevention
3. Livelihood Program
4. Tree Planting
5. Feeding Program
6. Disaster Preparedness
7. Gender and Development Program
8. Seminar Program (e.g. Teenage Pregnancy, Family
Planning, Information drive about COVID-19, etc.)
9. Ecological Solid Waste Management Program

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10. Clean-Up Drive

Performance Task #2: Compose a jingle reflecting on the core values and principles of community-action
initiatives in your locality. Record your output using your mobile phones and submit it to your subject
teacher for evaluation. Kindly send it thru messenger

Quiz #3

On the blank, write LTP (Long Term Project) if the given project is long term and write STP (Short Term
Project) if it is short term.

______1. Learning Tutorial for Street Children

______2. Community Livelihood Projects
______3. Family Recreational Activities
______4. Tree Planting and Growing Project
______5. Waste Management Program
______6. Disaster Preparedness Program
______7. Feeding Program
______8. Sports Festival
______9. Community Gardening
______10. Medical and Dental Mission

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Lesson 5: Methodologies and Approaches in

Community Action

Methodologies and approaches in community action will help you understand the purpose of each
phase and its implication to the society such as partnership and how it promotes development to the
community as a whole.

The following are the phases of Community Action:

1. Establishing links and partnership building with local groups

- Establishing links is a process of identifying and locating different actors and players within a
community who share a common interest, purpose and goals.
- Individual engaged in the different types of partnership depends on their goals and interests. For
example if you participate in community activities that is a community-based partnership,
another type of partnership is the government-based, wherein the individual engaged in the
activities of the government as a stakeholder, and lastly, the faith-based. Coordination,
cooperation, collaboration and partnership are just some of the methods and approaches in
building partnership.

2. Community profiling
- Social research method which involves building up a picture of the nature, needs and resources
of a locality or community, with the active participation of its members, he aim being to create
and implement an action plan to address the issues unearthed. It matters that you know who
are living in the community for you to assess what type of community you have.

3. Needs and resource assessment

- It is used to assess the resources or skills that exist among the people or communities with
which a project plans to work. For example, before you formulate an action plan, you have to
assess the needs of the community.

4. Participatory action planning and leadership development

- It is a process by which a community undertakes to reach a given socio-economic goal by
consciously diagnosing its problems and charting a course of action to resolve those problems.
Experts are needed, but only as facilitators. As a sequence in undertaking participatory planning,
the group involve themselves in gathering information, consultation, deciding together, acting
together, and support independent community initiatives.

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5. Resource mobilization
- It is the process of getting resources from the resource provider, using different mechanism, to
implement an organization’s predetermined goals. Example, you are going to look possible
stakeholders/organizations that could help you provide the necessary needs in your action plan.

6. Plan implementation
- It is designed to document, in detail, the critical steps necessary to put your solutions into
practice. It is a step-by-step list of task with assigned owners and due dates, and helps the
project team stay on track. For example, you have to make a timeline for the activity.

7. Monitoring and evaluation

- Used to assess the performance of projects, institutions and program set up by governments,
international organizations and NGO’s. Its goal is to improve current and future management of
outputs, outcomes and impact. For example, evaluate and monitor how far have you gone with
your plan.

Quiz #4

Enumerate the information needed.

I. Types of Partnership
1. _________________
2. _________________
3. _________________

II. Different methods and approaches in building partnership in the community.

1. _________________
2. _________________
3. _________________
4. _________________

III. Give the sequence of Participatory Planning

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Lesson 6: Systematic Methods of Community

Action in Understanding Community

Community action is an alternative research method that uses the community as the unit of analysis.
This approach forges research alliances with relevant stakeholders in the community to explore and
develop solutions to local problems. Community action includes a broader range of activities and is
sometimes describe as “social action” or ‘community engagement’ that increases the understanding,
engagement and empowerment of communities in the design and delivery of local services including:

 Building community and social capacity-helping the community to share skills and ideas.
 Community resilience-helping the community to support itself.
 Prevention- a focus on early access to services or support, engagement in design, cross-sector
collaboration and partnerships.
 Maintaining and creating wealth- for example helping people into employment or developing
community enterprise.

Action research makes a reasonable resolution or accurate evaluation more probable in two ways.

 First, by involving the people directly affected by the issue or intervention, it brings to bear the
best information available about what’s actually happening.
 Second, it encourages community buy-in and support for whatever plans or interventions are
developed. If people are involved in the implementation of solutions to community issues,
they’ll feel they own the process, and work to make it successful.

In the previous lesson we discussed the different methodologies and approaches in community action in
understanding community. A researcher conducting community action should apply systematic methods
to understand community such as partnership, community profiling which is a process of creating a
series of information that is applied to something or someone through techniques of date elaborations,
needs assessment, participatory action planning, resource mobilization, implementation plan, and
monitoring and evaluation.

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It is also figured out by tapping the participatory and interactive process between the community and
the support groups or institutions.

Another method to be used in conducting community action is the need assessment that identifies the
strengths, weakness, needs, and resources which could help tear down the barriers and resistances that
prevent the community from achieving their goals. Community profiling and needs assessment are the
most basic methods used in conducting community action.

This toolkit provides guidance for conducting assessments of community needs and resources.

1. Describe the makeup and history of the community to provide a context within which to collect
data on its current concern.
2. Describe what matters to people in the community.
3. Describe what matters to key stakeholders.
4. (For each candidate problem/goal) Describe the evidence indicating whether the problem/goal
should be a priority issue.
5. Describe the barriers and resources for addressing the identified issue(s).

To Build Effective Community Partnership

 First, you have to connect with leaders at partner organizations to promote engagement to a
community with the same mind set.
 Define and prioritize your goal make sure that goals and directives are clearly defined so
everyone is on the same page.
 Build new partner relationships and strengthen long-standing ones.
 Lastly, ensure screening and referral protocols are seamless, designate a person or group to take
ownership of resource collection so team members know who to talk to for those concerns.

There are seven steps for conducting a successful needs assessment:

(1.) Clearly define your needs assessment objectives, when defining objectives, ask yourself why are you
conducting the needs assessment and what do you plan to do with the findings.

(2.) Be realistic about your resources and capacity. Consider how much time, money and staff capacity
you can devote to the needs assessment. The availability of resources will greatly impact the needs
assessment activities you are able to conduct.

(3.) Identify the target audiences and data sources. Given your objectives and resources, consider the
target audiences and data resources that will help you assess your needs. Consider, also, the competing
priorities of your target audience and how to encourage them to participate in your needs assessment.

(4.) Think small and big when summarizing results. Upon collecting the necessary data to your needs
assessment, it’s time to dig in to that data, try to summarize and reflect on data for each of your needs
assessment objectives individually

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(5.) Get feedback, it is important to see community members as equal partners in understanding and
translating results from the needs assessment. This ensures that the people most affected by the
program will have power in determining its design.

(6.) Disseminate- this helps ensure that the project stakeholders are on the same page regarding project
priorities and resource allocation and present your finding internally and externally.

(7.) Take action. At the conclusion of the needs assessment process, review your original objectives with
the final results and recommendations. Doing so will highlight what steps are needed to achieve your
goals and most importantly, take action and use those findings to develop your project approaches.

Tools/Steps for Resource Mobilization:

1. Submitting proposals to typical donor agency is the most conventional way of getting support.
2. Organizing fundraising events where you invite guests and request donations for your organization.
3. Donation boxes where you request small amounts of money from public.
4. Collecting in-kind contribution such as used clothes, books, etc.
5. Volunteer support where volunteers provide their time and resources to support the work
organization.
6. Income from business-oriented projects of your organization like selling publications, offering
consultancies, microfinance, or micro-enterprise-based activites.

Quiz #5

Assess whether the statement is true or false. Write T if the statement is true and F it is false.
______1. Community profiling and needs assessment are the most basic methods used in conducting
community action.
______2. It is important to see community members as equal partners in understanding and translating
results from the needs assessment.
______3. Another method to be used in conducting community action is the need assessment that
identifies the strengths, weakness, needs, and resources which could help tear down the barriers and
resistances that prevent the community from achieving their goals.
______4. Community action is an alternative research method that uses the community as the unit of
analysis.
______5. A researcher conducting community action should apply systematic methods to understand
community.
______6. The first step to build effective community partnership is to ensure screening and referral
protocols are seamless, designate a person or group to take ownership of resource collection so team
members know who to talk to for those concerns.
______7. Be unrealistic about your resources and capacity.
______8. One of the step for resource mobilization is describe what matters to key stakeholders.
______9. It is not important to consider the competing priorities of your target audience and how to
encourage them to participate in your needs assessment.
______10. Community profiling and needs assessment are the most basic methods used in conducting
community action.

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Lesson 7: Community Action Plan

Community action is any activity that increases the understanding, engagement and empowerment of
communities in the design and delivery of local services. It also includes a broad range of activities and is
sometimes described as 'social action' or 'community engagement'. These activities can vary in their
objective, the role the community plays, the types of activities involved, their scale and their integration
within the council. What they have in common is that they all involve greater engagement of local
citizens in the planning, design and delivery of local services

A community action plan is a road map for implementing community change by identifying and
specifying WHAT will be done, WHO will do it and HOW it will be done. In other words, the action plan
describes what the community wants to accomplish, what activities are required during a specified
timeline and what resources (money, people and materials) are needed to be successful. The
community action plan shall become a framework for implementing sustainable sanitation and water
management activities that are decided by the community itself. It is important to emphasize that the
community members should be the main actors in preparing their own community action plan regarding
sanitation and water management.

In writing/ crafting a community action plan these are things to be considered:

What are needed in writing an action plan:

 A clear vision
 A set of values
 The strategic framework
 An overall goal

Elements of an Action Plan

1. Statement of what must be achieved – the goal or output

2. Activities that have to be followed to reach the objective or goal
3. Target date for completion or schedule for when each activity must begin/end
4. Identification of the organization/individual who will be responsible for each activity

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5. Clarification of the inputs/resources needed to complete the task

6. Identification of indicators which will allow for measurement of progress towards the goals

Parts of a Community Action Plan

I. Cover Page – style/design of the plan

II. Executive Summary – a brief story of an action plan to be undertaken
III. Table of Contents
IV. Community Profile
V. Introduction to the Plan
a. How the plan was developed
b. Who was involved in the development of the plan?
c. Who will manage the implementation of the plan?
d. Other information that is important to the plan

Activity!

Read and analyze the pictures above and answer each question below.
Write your answer on the space provided.

1. What do the pictures depict?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. In your own point of view, what is community action? And community action plan?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 8: Plan Using Participatory Approach

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A participatory planning process - one in which all the stakeholders are involved - is often the most
effective and inclusive way to plan a community intervention. A participatory process provides
community ownership and support of the intervention; information about community history, politics,
and past mistakes; and respect and a voice for everyone. It also takes time, care, mutual respect, and
commitment.

1. You have to carefully consider what level of participation is most appropriate under the
circumstances.
2. You also must identify the stakeholders, and make sure they all get to the table, using communication
techniques designed to reach them.

Examples of Participatory Approaches

1. Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) - RRAs were designed to collect first-hand data from the local
people about their perceptions of their local environments and living conditions in rural areas.
RRAs were usually conducted as 1-3 days workshops with villagers in the field and facilitated by
small teams of RRA specialists or researchers.
For example if someone working on an aquaculture project they may use the guidelines as they
are planning their investigation:
 Structured but flexible - careful planning, clear objectives, the right balance of people
involved and a good choice of tools and techniques to be used.
 Integrated and interdisciplinary - helps outsiders to learn about rural conditions by
looking at many points of view.
 Awareness of bias - avoid biases by being aware and systematic in taking into account
different point of view and sets of interest
 Accelerating in the planning process - information produced is analyzed on the spot and
presented by planners which is understood by local people themselves.
 Interaction with and learning from local people-involve, listen and learn from people.

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 Combination of different tools-uses combination of communication and learning tools

allowing people to present their knowledge, concerns and priorities to outsiders.
 Iterative- what has been learnt is constantly reviewed and analyzed in the field.

2. Participatory Rural Appraisals (PRA) - PRAs use similar methods and tools as RRA, but the most
important principles in PRA was the sharing of results of analysis, decisions and planning efforts
among the community members by open and public presentation during meetings. PRAs
strongly supported and facilitated the introduction of more demand - responsive ways of
managing development interaction, and process-oriented thinking.
Examples: Surveying and sampling, Focus group discussions, community mapping etc.

3. Participatory and Integrated Development (PID) - In order to overcome the casual application
of participatory methods here and there, PID seeks to include workshops and their results in a
broader, long-term frame of institutionalized activities. PID means offering facilitation support to
locals (such as villages, communities, interest groups, associations etc.) on a demand responsive
basis, and assisting them in getting their interests represented.
For example, getting grassroots level planning and action integrated into local and regional
planning approaches. This leads to a more sustainable and better coordinated way of
development. In addition to this vertical integration. Finally, the process must be maintained
over time, so that momentum will not be lost. If you can manage a planning process that meets
all these requirements, the chances are that you will come up with a successful community
intervention, one that truly works and meets the community's needs.

Implement Community-Action Plan

The implementation of the community-action plan serves as the terminal satisfaction of the discipline. It
focuses on the engagement of the students in a real community in contrast with the classroom
discussion of theories and assumptions.

Students are expected to immerse themselves as guided by the core values of human rights, social
justice, empowerment and advocacy, gender equality, and participatory development.

The community-action plan aspires to stir the sense of belongingness and initiatives in the pursuit of
community changing actions for the realization of a better community while integrating the different
concepts and theories of Social Sciences.

Through the initiatives of the students, it will make them realize of their value as a citizen which is to be
part of the problem-solving group and not the other way around. The visions of the students through
this activity will make them more responsible and effective members of the community because of their
fruition that everyone can be an active voice of the community through implementing a long-lasting
help to the community where they are directly involved with.

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Performance Task #3: By choosing at least one of the following activities stated hereunder, make a
propaganda on how to make a better community amidst the existence of numerous problems. (50
points)

A. Short Vlog (at least 2-3 minutes)

B. Song (at least 1 minute with minus one or accompaniment)
C. Poem (at leat 4 verses)
D. Slide Presentation (at least 10 slides presented creatively)

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Lesson 9: Conducting the Community Action

Plan that Applied the Methods of Social
Sciences
Activity!

Decode the following words related to community action plan and be ready to define the concepts.

1. CATOIN NALP - ________________________________________________________________

2. YOMUMCINT - ________________________________________________________________
3. TLIIEVTAQUA - ________________________________________________________________
4. PALNINNG - __________________________________________________________________
5. QEUATINTTAVI - ______________________________________________________________

• Planning is essential and strategic for any organization. With planning, organizations and communities
become reflexive, dynamic, responsive, and systematic in achieving their vision.

• Community action refers to the collective efforts done by the people directed toward addressing social
problems, (e.g., social inequalities, environmental degradation, and poverty) in order to achieve social
well-being.

• Community engagement refers to the process of developing partnerships and sustaining relationships
with and through groups of people affiliated by geographic proximity or common interests for the
purpose of working for the common good and of addressing issues that affect their well-being.

What is Community Action Plan? The community action plan is one of the participatory tools used to
build the capacity of community members in taking action in accordance with the problems, needs, and
potential of the community. The community action plan should become a framework for implementing
the activities that are decided by the community itself. The focus is more on the process of
understanding and overcoming problems in order to rebuild the people's lives rather than just physical
development such as building houses, providing clean water or toilet facilities. It is important to
understand that the community should be the main actors in preparing their own community action
plan. Producing the action plan helps people to take realistic and concrete steps toward participatory
development planning in order to improve the sanitation and water system. By bringing everyone
together to think and discuss about resources and group involvement, this tool increases awareness.

Social Science research is fuelled by the desire to find out what makes people tick. There are several
diverse fields that comprise the Social Sciences, including anthropology, economics, sociology, and
psychology. Social scientists use a range of methods in order to examine the phenomena that relate to

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their field, and the different methods of carrying out social science research often form the foundation
for research in other linked disciplines as well, such as political science, market research, and media
studies. There are two broad primary categories that comprise social science research.

These are the Quantitative and Qualitative Design Methods. The methods used in the Quantitative
Design category most often rely on statistical analysis, such as the analysis of numerical data to establish
a hypothesis that is provable by mathematical or statistical means. Experiments use a standard format
to generate a hypothesis, provable by mathematical and statistical methods. Methods used in
Qualitative Design rely on direct observation or communication with the participants or the analysis of
words, objects, or artifacts. These are methods to study the behavior and habits of the participants.

 Quantitative Design Methods Experimental – This can be understood as the manipulation of

independent variables in each experiment, in order to generate statistically analyzable data
which can be easily understood, such as interpreting a census or an FBI national crime report.
The analysis of this type of statistical study can be best applied when social scientists attempt to
explain the voting habits of citizens in high crime areas, for example. Sampling – This is
information gathering such as through surveys, opinion polling, questionnaires, or focus groups.
These types of research methods can provide the information sought by corporations to help
them decide how to structure advertising campaigns to sell their products or to help politicians
to understand the desires of their constituencies so they can incorporate the information into
election campaigns or policy-making strategies.

 Qualitative Design Methods Observational – This is the observation of phenomena with a

minimum of interference, such as case studies or key informant interviews. Historical – This
includes the researching of historical records such as birth certificates and death certificates or
the collection of data through documentation of primary sources, secondary sources, running
records, and recollections. Photographs, videos, sound recordings – This is the collection and
assembling of visual and audible artifacts, such as old family photos, videos, films of war scenes,
or audio memoirs and testaments.

Quiz # 6

I. Identify the problem shown in the picture. After identifying the problem, give possible solutions to it.

PROBLEM:

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

SOLUTION:

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

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PROBLEM:

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

SOLUTION:

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

II. Fill in the graphic organizer with ways on how you could bring success to your community.

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References

Melegrito, M. and Mendoza, D., 2016. Community, Engagement, Solidarity, And Citizenship. 927 Quezon
Ave., Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Abenir, M.A, et al., 2017. Community, Engagement, Solidarity, And Citizenship. 4/FSEDCCO 1 Bldg. 120
Thailand corner Legazpi Streets Legaspi Village, 1229 Makati City, Philippines: Diwa Learning Systems,
Inc.

Unhabitat. (2006). Community Action Planning.

https://www.fukuoka.unhabitat.org/docs/publications/pdf/peoples_process/
ChapterIVCommunity_Action_Planning.pdf

Plaut, David. (2019). Quantitative and Qualitative Methods of Social Science Research Explained.
https://www.referencepointsoftware.com/methods-of-social-science-research-explained

-Minemyer, Paige. “ 4 Steps to Build Effective Community Partnership.” December 13, 2016.
https://www.fiercehealthcare.com

Gdrc.org. n.d. Participatory Development and Good Governance. [online] Available at: [Accessed 25 May
2020].

Thomas, P., 2013. Challenges For Participatory Development In Contemporary Development Practice.
[online] https://crawford.anu.edu.au/. Available at: [Accessed 25 May 2020].

“What is Resource Mobilization?-Funds for NGO’s.” https://www.fundsforngos.org

https://colaborating4inclusion.org/zolekhas-page/

https://www.enthecycle.info

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