LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

TLE 8-ICT Computer Hardware Servicing

Quarter 3, Week 1-2

UNDERSTANDING THE COMPUTER SYSTEM

Introduction:
Computers have become a useful part of our everyday lives. The types of computers
we use at home or at work are referred to by varied names such as PCs,
microcomputers, workstations, laptops and desktops. These computers are most
popularly referred to as “personal computers” or PCs, the most common type of
computer in the world. Today, an average person uses computer-based assistance
several times each day and it becomes an integral part of our lives. So it is very
important to be aware of and understand them.

Learning Competency:
- Explain basic concepts in computer hardware servicing

After going through this LAS, you are expected to:

1. identify the important components of a PC and their functions;
2. distinguish the different kinds of cables and wires; and
3. label the parts of a computer.

A. Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. This is an electronic machine that processes and stores information. It takes in raw
information using input devices, stores in the memory until it is ready to be processed
in the processing unit and sends out results using output devices.
A. Calculator C. Printer
B. Computer D. Speaker
2. Refers to the physical, tangible computer equipment and devices which provides
support for major functions such as input, process, output and storage
A. Hardware C. Search Engine
B. People ware D. Software
3. This is the main circuit board of a computer. It contains all the circuits and
components that run the computer.
A. Monitor C. Mouse
B. Motherboard D. Printer
4. Refers to the collection of electronic instructions that tells the computer what to do
A. Hardware C. Search Engine
B. People ware D. Software
5. It is a program that enables the users to search for documents or information on the
World Wide Web.
A. Hardware C. Search Engine
B. People ware D. Software

1
B. Direction. Fill in the blanks. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The main purpose of computer before is to ____________.

2. Storage device _______ data and programs. These hold data, information, and
programs permanently.
3. The processor is the main “_________” or “heart” of a computer system.
4. The two types of memory are __________ and _________.
5. Process device is used to ___________ data using instruction from the program.

What are the basic concepts in computer hardware servicing?

As an aspiring computer technician, it is very important to know the different

components of a computer system. These are the hardware, software and people
ware. Each component plays an important role; without each other, computer systems
will not work properly.
1.1 Hardware- the physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical parts of a
computer system.
A. Major hardware components of a computer
system
The following list represents a basic set of hardware
found in most PCs.

1. System Unit- The main part of a microcomputer,

sometimes called the chassis. It includes the following
parts: Motherboard, Microprocessor, Memory Chips,
Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and Cards.

2. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board- The main

circuit board of a computer. It contains all the circuits and
components that run the computer.

3. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main “brain” or “heart” of
a computer system. It performs all of the instructions and calculations that are
needed and manages the flow of information through a computer.

2
4. Primary storage- (internal storage, main memory or memory) is the computer's
working storage space that holds
data, instructions for processing and
processed data (information) waiting
to be sent to secondary storage.
Physically, primary storage is a
collection of RAM chips.

Two (2) Types of Memory

a. ROM - (Read Only Memory)

ROM is non-volatile, meaning it
holds data even when the power is
ON or OFF.

b. RAM - (Random Access Memory)

RAM is volatile, meaning it holds
data only when the power is on. When the power is off, RAM's contents are lost.

5. Expansion Bus - A bus is a data pathway between

several hardware components inside or outside a
computer. It does not only connect the parts of the CPU
to each other, but also links the CPU with other important
hardware.

6. Adapters- Printed-circuit boards (also called

interface cards) that enable the computer to use a
peripheral device for which it does not have the
necessary connections or circuit boards. They are
often used to permit upgrading to a new different
hardware.

7. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the back corner

of the PC case, next to the motherboard. It converts 120vac
(standard house power) into DC voltages that are used by
other components in the PC.

8. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Also known as hard drive, is a

magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer.
The hard drive is used as permanent storage for data. In a
Windows computer, the hard drive is usually configured
as the C: drive and contains the operating system and
applications.
3
 9. Optical Drive- An optical drive is a storage device that uses
lasers to read data on the optical media. There are three types
of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc
(DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).

10. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) - Designed to optically

access data stored on a DVD. A laser moves back and forth
near the disk surface and accesses data at a very fast rate.

B. Input Devices - Accepts data and instructions from the user or from
another computer system.

Two (2) Types of Input Devices

1. Keyboard Entry - Data is inputted to the computer through a keyboard.

Keyboard - The first input device developed for the PC.
Data is transferred to the PC over a short cable with a
circular 6-pin Mini-din connector that plugs into the
back of the motherboard.

2. Direct Entry - A form of input that does not require data to be keyed by someone
sitting at a keyboard. Direct-entry devices create machine-readable data on paper,
or magnetic media, or feed it directly into the computer’s CPU.

Three Categories of Direct Entry Devices

1. Pointing Devices - An input device used to move the pointer

(cursor) on screen. Mouse - The most common 'pointing
device' used in PCs. Every mouse has two buttons and most
have one or two scroll wheels.

Touch screen- A display screen that is

sensitive to the touch of a finger or stylus.
Used in myriad applications, including ATM
machines, retail point-of-sale terminals, car
navigation and industrial controls. The touch
screen became wildly popular for smart phones and tablets.
Light Pen - A light-sensitive stylus
wired to a video terminal used to draw
pictures or select menu options. The
user brings the pen to the desired point
on screen and presses the pen button to
make contact.

4
Digitizer Tablet - A graphics drawing
tablet used for sketching new images or
tracing old ones. Also called a "graphics
tablet," the user contacts the surface of the
device with a wired or wireless pen or puck.
Often mistakenly called a mouse, the puck is
officially the "tablet cursor."

2. Scanning Devices- A device that

can read text or illustrations printed on
paper and translates the information
into a form the computer can use.
3.

3. Voice- Input Devices Audio input

devices also known as speech or
voice recognition systems that allow a
user to send audio signals to a
computer for processing, recording, or
carrying out commands. Audio input
devices such as microphones allow
users to speak to the computer in order to
record a voice message or navigate
software.
C. Output Devices - Any piece of computer hardware that displays results after
the computer has processed the input data that has been entered.

1. Computer Display Monitor- It displays information in visual form, using text

and graphics. The portion of the monitor that displays the information is called the
screen or video display terminal.
Types of Monitor

a. CRT Monitors - Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) were the only

type of displays for use with desktop PCs. They are relatively
big (14" to 16" deep) and heavy (over 15 lbs).

b. LCD Monitors - Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology has

been used in laptops for some time. It has recently been made
commercially available as monitors for desktop PCs.

c. LED Monitors (Light Emitting Diode) - A display and

lighting technology used in almost every electrical and
electronic product on the market, from a tiny on/off light to
digital readouts, flashlights, traffic lights and perimeter
lighting.

5
2. LCD Projectors- utilize two sheets of
polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution
between them. An electric current passed through
the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light
cannot pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is
like a shutter, either allowing light to pass through or
blocking the light.

3. Smart Board - A type of display screen that has a touch

sensitive transparent panel covering the screen, which is similar
to a touch screen.

4. Printer - A device that prints text or illustrations on paper.

Types of printer

Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer - Ink-jet printers produce

high-quality text and graphics.

Laser Printer - Uses the same technology as copy

machines. Laser printers produce very high quality text
and graphics.

LCD and LED Printer- Similar to a laser printer, but uses

liquid crystals or light-emitting diodes rather than a laser to
produce an image on the drum.

Line Printer - Contains a chain of characters or pins that

print an entire line at one time. Line printers are very fast,
but produce low-quality print.

Thermal Printer- An inexpensive printer that works by

pushing heated pins against heat-sensitive paper. Thermal
printers are widely used in calculators and fax machines.

6
5. Speakers - Used to play sound. They may be built into the system unit
or connected with cables. Speakers allow you to listen to music and hear
sound effects from your computer.

D. Ports - External connecting sockets on the outside of the computer.

This is a pathway into and out of the computer. A port lets users plug in outside
peripherals, such as monitors, scanners and printers.

Table 1. The Ports and their function

Type of Port Function Illustration
Serial Port Intended for serial type
mouse and older camera

Parallel Port Also called as printer port.

This is only for old model
printer. It has 25 pins. It is a
female port.
VGA (Video Graphic Used to connect monitors.
Array) Port It has 15 pins and it is a
female port.
USB (Universal Serial High speed serial interface
Bus) Port that is used with almost all
devices. It is used to
connect latest model
printers, pen drives, cell
phones etc. it has 4 pins.

PS/2 Port Simple, 6-pin, low-speed

Serial connections
commonly dedicated to a
keyboard and mouse.
Power Port Intended for power cord.

Type of Port Function Illustration

S-Video Port S-Video connections are
available on certain source
components and video
display devices, and offer a
higher level of video
performance over composite
video signals.

7
 Audio Port Intended for plugging in the
speaker or headset.

LAN (Local Area A physical interface often

Networking) Port used for terminating twisted
pair type cables used to
connect computers onto a
local-area networks (LAN),
especially Ethernet RJ-45
connectors

E. Cables and Wires- A cable is most often two or more wires running side by
side and bonded, twisted or braided together to form a single assembly, but can
also refer to a heavy strong rope.

Table 2. The Cables and Connectors

Illustration Function
These jacks are intended for
the PS/2 port specifically for
PS/2 type of keyboard and
mouse.
This type of jack is intended
for the audio and microphone
port.

S-video jack is obviously for S-Video port

This monitor jack is intended for the VGA (Video Graphic Array) port

Power cord is the most important cord because it

connects the computer to the main source of electricity to
make it functional.

This USB (Universal Serial Bus) plug is intended for USB

port. Modern or new model of peripherals like printer, camera,
scanners and even other portable computer attachments used

8
This printer cable jack is intended for the parallel port.

RJ45 ("RJ" in RJ45 stands for "registered jack," since it is a standardized

networking interface and the "45" simply refers to the number of the interface
standard) is a type of connector commonly used for Ethernet networking
1.2 Software is the set of instructions (also called a program) that guides the
hardware to operate effectively. Software can be split into two main types:

1. System Software - Any software required to support the production or execution

of application programs, but which is not specific to any particular application.
Common operating systems include Windows, the Macintosh OS, OS/2 and UNIX.

LINUX
MAC
WINDOWS

2. Application Software - Designed to help the user to perform singular or

multiple related tasks. Examples of application software are as follows:
a. Word processing software - Creates, edits, saves, and prints
documents. Example: MS Word, WordPerfect, Ami Pro, MacWrite.
b. Spreadsheet software - An electronic spreadsheet consisting of rows and
columns is used to present and analyze data. Example: MS Excel, Lotus 123,
Quattro Pro.
c. Database management software - Used to structure a database, a large
collection of computer programs. Data is organized as fields and records for
easy retrieval. Example: MS Access, dBase, Fox Pro, Oracle.
d. Graphic software - Graphics programs display results of data manipulation
for easier analysis and presentation. Example: Macromedia Flash, Harvard
Graphics, 3D Studio Max, Adobe Photoshop

1.3 People ware - Refers to people involved in the

data processing operations such as the system
administrator, office workers, students and others.

9
Activity 1 NAME ME!
Directions: Given the different cables, identify their functions as well as the part of
computer system each one supports. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

Activity 2 SMARTLY CLASSIFY

Directions: Classify the following computer devices according to which they belong.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

INPUT OUTPUT PROCESS STORAGE

10
Activity 3 SEE AND TELL
Direction: See how many parts of the computer you can label using the following key
words. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

https://www.maconk12.org/view/6735

Monitor screen speakers CPU CD ROM mouse

keyboard Space bar power button disk drive URL internet

11
A. Direction. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Refers to the collection of electronic instructions that tells the computer what to do
A. Hardware C. Search Engine
B. People ware D. Software
2. It is a program that enables the users to search for documents or information on the
World Wide Web.
A. Hardware C. Search Engine
B. People ware D. Software
3. This is an electronic machine that processes and stores information. It takes in raw
information using input devices, stores in the memory until it is ready to be processed
in the processing unit and sends out results using output devices.
A. Calculator C. Printer
B. Computer D. Speaker
4. Refers to the physical, tangible computer equipment and devices which provides
support for major functions such as input, process, output and storage
A. Hardware C. Search Engine
B. People ware D. Software
5. This is the main circuit board of a computer. It contains all the circuits and
components that run the computer.
A. Monitor C. Mouse
B. Motherboard D. Printer
B. Direction. Fill in the blanks. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. The processor is the main “_________” or “heart” of a computer system.
2. The two types of memory are __________ and _________.
3. Process device is used to ___________ data using instruction from the program.
4. The main purpose of computer before is to ____________.
5. Storage device _______ data and programs. These hold data, information, and
programs permanently.

12
 5. stores
5. process 4. compute 7. PS/2 / mouse and keyboard
4. RAM and ROM 3. process 6. Power cord / power supply
3. brain 5. Speaker jack
2. RAM and ROM
2. stores 4. Printer cable jack
1. compute 1. brain
B. 3. VGA / Monitor
B.
5. C 5. B 2. RJ 45 / LAN
4. D 4. A scanner
3. B 3. B keyboard / printer / camera /
2. A 2. C 1. USB Cable / mouse /
1. B 1. D
Activity 1
A. A.
Pretest Post Test
12. INTERNET
11. SPACE BAR
10. MOUSE
9. POWER BUTTON
8. CD ROM
7. DISK DRIVE
6. CPU
5. URL
4. KEYBOARD
3. SPEAKERS
2. SCREEN
1. MONITOR
Activity 3
References

K TO 12 Basic Education Program Learning Materials Grade 7 or 8

Technology and Livelihood Education
Information & Communication Technology Computer Hardware Servicing

Department of Education. (2020). TLE Exploratory Course in Grades 7 & 8 (ICT

Computer System Servicing) Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Perform Computer Operations (First Edition). DepEd– Division of Palawan.

K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum- Technology and Livelihood Education

Learning Module –Computer Hardware Servicing- RONALDO V. RAMILO and
DEOVER M. PASCO

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/computer-memory-types.html Computer Memory

Types
Prepared by: Klite Uba Mangagoy National High School

13